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O'Shea J, Jenkins R, Nicholls D, Downs J, Hudson LD. Prevalence, severity and risk factors for mental disorders among sexual and gender minority young people: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02552-1. [PMID: 39141104 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests heightened prevalence and severity of mental disorders among sexual minority (SM) and gender minority (GM) young people. Several risk factors have been associated with these disparities. A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature and to determine the field's current position. MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus and Web of Science were searched in March 2022 and updated January 2024. Eligibility criteria were systematic reviews or meta-analyses assessing contemporaneous prevalence, severity and/or risk factors of mental disorders among SM or GM young people aged 25 and under. 42 reviews were included, all of which were low quality. The prevalence of depression among SM was 26% (95% CI 21-32%), and among GM was 46% (95% CI 36-56%). Greater depression severity was found among SM compared to heterosexual young people, with a significant albeit small effect size (Hedges' g = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.50); effect sizes were similar when separating by gender. GM also reported greater symptom severity compared to cisgender young people. Other mental disorders were more prevalent compared to those reported in the general population, and of greater severity compared to heterosexual/cisgender young people. Several proximal and distal risk factors were focused upon within the systematic reviews identified. Past systematic reviews consistently indicate a heightened risk of mental disorders among SM and GM young people. Services need to be aware of these disparities and adapt their care accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O'Shea
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK. jonathan.o'
| | - Rebecca Jenkins
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, University Road, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Dasha Nicholls
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James Downs
- Independent Researcher and Expert by Experience, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lee D Hudson
- Population, Policy and Practice Department, Great Ormond Street UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Espino E, Jiménez-Díaz O, Del Rey R, Elipe P. Outlining Individual and Contextual Factors Related to LGBTQ+ Bullying: A Systematic Review of Two Decades of Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:898-917. [PMID: 37078578 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231165724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Scientific interest in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and any other sexual orientation, gender identity and/or expression (LGBTQ+) bullying in educational settings has grown exponentially in recent years. However, the varied ways of measuring its occurrence and associated factors have made it difficult to achieve a holistic understanding of this problem. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to provide an updated overview of individual and contextual factors related to LGBTQ+ bullying over the past two decades, based on the measurement approach to this phenomenon. Studies published from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses strategy. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in a staggered process, and 111 articles met all the criteria. Studies focusing on LGBTQ+ bullying victimization or aggression were eligible for inclusion. Our analysis revealed LGBTQ+ bullying is usually examined by measures of general aggressions (47.8%) from the victims' perspective (87.3%). The best-represented factors across studies were individual characteristics (63.1%; n = 70), especially participants' sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (68.5%). Boys/males, from a binary gender perspective, and sexual and gender minority youth in general, were more at risk of being targeted for LGBTQ+ bullying. Although contextual factors were far less well-represented, the results revealed that gay-straight alliances, anti-homophobia policies, and social support act as protective factors. This review highlights the need to analyze LGBTQ+ bullying considering the full spectrum of sexual and gender diversity, to examine in more detail its contextual risk/protective factors, and to design public policies and psychoeducational programs in order to address the low effectiveness of generic interventions. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Leung E, Kassel-Gomez G, Sullivan S, Murahara F, Flanagan T. Social support in schools and related outcomes for LGBTQ youth: a scoping review. DISCOVER EDUCATION 2022; 1:18. [PMID: 36407890 PMCID: PMC9662773 DOI: 10.1007/s44217-022-00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has increasingly focused on positive factors and supports for LGBTQ youth. This scoping review explores existing social support for LGBTQ youth in schools through the Ecological Systems Theory to respond to the following four objectives: (1) define social support systems in schools, (2) identify current research on outcomes for LGBTQ youth, (3) identify barriers to support LGBTQ youth in schools, and (4) identify areas for future research for LGBTQ youth and social support in schools. A systematic search (Arksey and O'Malley in Int J Soc Res Methodol 8(1):19-32, 2005) between 2007 through 2021 resulted in 94 articles. This review gave rise to an organizational framework to consolidate various systems of social support for LGBTQ youth in schools. Social support consisted of seven social support systems (family, curriculum, family, peers, school policies, GSAs and programs, and school climate) that are positively associated with the promotion of positive socioemotional, behavioural, and educational outcomes for LGBTQ youth. Though the literature has been clear surrounding the risks associated with LGBTQ youth, this scoping review provides a positive outlook on LGBTQ youth's school experiences and how these systems of social support allow for LGBTQ youth to act as active participants to foster a positive school climate and sense of safety. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44217-022-00016-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Leung
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriela Kassel-Gomez
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samantha Sullivan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Flavio Murahara
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tara Flanagan
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Webb L, Clary LK, Johnson RM, Mendelson T. Electronic and School Bullying Victimization by Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Minority Status in a Nationally Representative Adolescent Sample. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:378-384. [PMID: 32654837 PMCID: PMC8693339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of electronic and school bullying victimization in sexual and racial/ethnic minorities in a nationally representative U.S. sample of high school students. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the 2015 and 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2015, n = 15,624; 2017, n = 14,765) were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS Approximately 15% of the sample reported electronic bullying victimization and 20% reported school bullying victimization. Sexual minority youth were significantly more likely to report both types of bullying than their heterosexual peers, whereas black and Latinx students were significantly less likely to report both types. White students who identified as gay/lesbian or bisexual were more likely to report both types of bullying than white, heterosexual youth. Very few changes were observed in electronic or school bullying victimization from 2015 to 2017, although there was a statistically significant decrease in school bullying among white, heterosexual youth. CONCLUSIONS A sizeable number of adolescents experience electronic and school bullying. Sexual minority and white adolescents report a higher prevalence of these phenomena. This may have implications for designing bullying prevention strategies that target sexual minority adolescents to reduce their risk for victimization both online and in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Webb
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Laura K Clary
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tamar Mendelson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Coulter RWS, Jun HJ, Truong N, Mair C, Markovic N, Friedman MR, Silvestre AJ, Stall R, Corliss HL. Effects of familial and non-familial warmth during childhood and adolescence on sexual-orientation disparities in alcohol use trajectories and disorder during emerging adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107643. [PMID: 31689643 PMCID: PMC6952075 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated sexual-orientation differences in typologies of self-reported familial and non-familial warmth in childhood (before age 11) and adolescence (ages 11-17); and tested whether warmth explained sexual minority emerging adults' (ages 18-25) heightened odds of having heavier alcohol use trajectories (AUTs) and heightened risk for past-year alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared to completely heterosexuals. METHODS Using self-reported data from the U.S.-based Growing Up Today Study cohort, latent class analyses identified typologies of familial and non-familial warmth during childhood and adolescence. Multivariable regression models tested our objectives. RESULTS Six warmth classes emerged, including: High-High (i.e., high familial and high non-familial warmth, respectively); High-Moderate; Moderate-Moderate; Moderate-Occasional; Occasional-Occasional; and Low-Low. Among women, sexual minorities had higher odds than completely heterosexuals of being in the Moderate-Moderate, Moderate-Occasional, and Occasional-Occasional versus the High-High warmth class. There were not significant associations between sexual orientation and warmth classes for men. Lower warmth classes were generally associated with greater past-year AUD, and mediated heightened disparities in AUD for sexual minority women versus completely heterosexual women (4.3% mediated), but not among men. Warmth classes were generally unassociated with AUTs, and did not mediate sexual-orientation differences in AUTs. CONCLUSIONS Lower warmth was associated with greater alcohol-related problems, but not alcohol use itself. Warmth explained a small proportion of AUD disparities for sexual minority women-but not for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W S Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, 3414 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213 USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA.
| | - Hee-Jin Jun
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92123 USA
| | - Nhan Truong
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92123 USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Nina Markovic
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Anthony J Silvestre
- Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 3520 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Ron Stall
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261 USA
| | - Heather L Corliss
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100, San Diego, CA, 92123 USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Lucassen MF, Stasiak K, Samra R, Frampton CM, Merry SN. Sexual minority youth and depressive symptoms or depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:774-787. [PMID: 28565925 DOI: 10.1177/0004867417713664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has suggested that sexual minority young people are more likely to have depressive symptoms or depressive disorder, but to date most studies in the field have relied on convenience-based samples. This study overcomes this limitation by systematically reviewing the literature from population-based studies and conducting a meta-analysis to identify whether depressive disorder and depressive symptoms are elevated in sexual minority youth. METHOD A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted and informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement to determine if rates of depressive symptoms or depressive disorder differ for sexual minority youth, relative to heterosexual adolescents. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and ERIC databases were searched. Studies reporting depressive symptom data or the prevalence of depressive disorder in population-based samples of adolescents, which included sexual minority youth and heterosexual young people, were included in the review. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine differences between groups. RESULTS Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria. The proportion of sexual minority youth in the studies ranged from 2.3% to 12%. Sexual minority youth reported higher rates of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder (odds ratio = 2.94, p < 0.001 and standardized mean difference, d = 0.39, p < 0.001) in comparison to heterosexual young people. Female sexual minority youth were more likely to report depressive symptoms when compared to male sexual minority youth (standardized mean difference, d = 0.34, p < 0.001). Limitations included variations in how sexuality was operationalized and how depressive symptoms or depressive disorder was measured. CONCLUSIONS There is robust evidence that rates of depressive disorder and depressive symptoms are elevated in sexual minority youth in comparison to heterosexual young people. Despite the elevated risk of depressive symptoms or depressive disorder for sexual minority youth, the treatment for this group of young people has received little attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathijs Fg Lucassen
- 1 School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education, and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.,2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karolina Stasiak
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rajvinder Samra
- 1 School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, Faculty of Wellbeing, Education, and Language Studies, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | | | - Sally N Merry
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Many studies, reviews, and meta-analyses have reported elevated mental health problems for sexual minority (SM) individuals. This systematic review provides an update by including numerous recent studies, and explores whether SM individuals are at increased risk across selected mental health problems as per dimensions of sexual orientation (SO), genders, life-stages, geographic regions, and in higher quality studies. A systematic search in PubMed produced 199 studies appropriate for review. A clear majority of studies reported elevated risks for depression, anxiety, suicide attempts or suicides, and substance-related problems for SM men and women, as adolescents or adults from many geographic regions, and with varied SO dimensions (behaviour, attraction, identity), especially in more recent and higher quality studies. One notable exception is alcohol-related problems, where many studies reported zero or reversed effects, especially for SM men. All SM subgroups were at increased risk, but bisexual individuals were at highest risk in the majority of studies. Other subgroup and gender differences are more complex and are discussed. The review supports the long-standing mental health risk proposition for SM individuals, overall and as subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plöderl
- a Department of Suicide Prevention , University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Institute of Clinical Psychology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Pierre Tremblay
- b Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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Selkie EM, Fales JL, Moreno MA. Cyberbullying Prevalence Among US Middle and High School-Aged Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Quality Assessment. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:125-33. [PMID: 26576821 PMCID: PMC4724486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyberbullying (CB) has established links to physical and mental health problems including depression, suicidality, substance use, and somatic symptoms. Quality reporting of CB prevalence is essential to guide evidence-based policy and prevention priorities. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate study quality and reported prevalence among CB research studies conducted in populations of US adolescents of middle and high school age. METHODS Searches of peer-reviewed literature published through June 2015 for "CB" and related terms were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, and Web of Science. Included manuscripts reported CB prevalence in general populations of US adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19 years. Using a review tool based on the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement, reviewers independently scored study quality on study methods, results reporting, and reported prevalence. RESULTS Search results yielded 1,447 manuscripts; 81 manuscripts representing 58 unique studies were identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Quality scores ranged between 12 and 37 total points of a possible 42 points (mean = 26.7, standard deviation = 4.6). Prevalence rates of CB ranged as follows: Perpetration, 1%-41%; victimization, 3%-72%; and overlapping perpetration and victimization, 2.3%-16.7%. CONCLUSIONS Literature on CB in US middle and high school-aged students is robust in quantity but inconsistent in quality and reported prevalence. Consistent definitions and evidence-based measurement tools are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Selkie
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, M/S CSB-200, PO Box 5371; Seattle, WA 98145,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, C/W 8-6, PO Box 5371; Seattle, WA 98105
| | - Jessica L. Fales
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, C/W 8-6, PO Box 5371; Seattle, WA 98105,Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave; Vancouver, WA 98686
| | - Megan A. Moreno
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, M/S CSB-200, PO Box 5371; Seattle, WA 98145,Seattle Children’s Research Institute, C/W 8-6, PO Box 5371; Seattle, WA 98105
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Duong J, Bradshaw C. Associations between bullying and engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority youth: the moderating role of connectedness. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2014; 84:636-645. [PMID: 25154527 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the extent to which cyberbullying affects sexual minority youth is limited. This study examined associations between experiencing cyber and school bullying and engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among sexual minority youth. We also explored whether feeling connected to an adult at school moderated these associations. METHODS Data came from 951 self-identified lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) youth, who completed the New York City Youth Risk Behavior Survey during fall 2009. We used multiple logistic regression to examine the hypothesized associations and test for effect modification. RESULTS Cyber and school bullying were associated with engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors among LGB youth. Youth experiencing both cyber and school bullying had the greatest odds of engaging in aggressive and suicidal behaviors. However, feeling connected to an adult at school moderated these associations such that bullied youth who felt connected were not more likely to report aggressive and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the challenges faced by bullied LGB youth. Practitioners should work with school administrators to establish supportive environments for sexual minority youth. Helping victimized LGB youth develop meaningful connections with adults at school can minimize the negative impacts of cyber and school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Duong
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Room 886, Baltimore, MD 21205.
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Lereya ST, Samara M, Wolke D. Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: a meta-analysis study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2013; 37:1091-108. [PMID: 23623619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being bullied has adverse effects on children's health. Children's family experiences and parenting behavior before entering school help shape their capacity to adapt and cope at school and have an impact on children's peer relationship, hence it is important to identify how parenting styles and parent-child relationship are related to victimization in order to develop intervention programs to prevent or mitigate victimization in childhood and adolescence. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on parenting behavior and peer victimization using MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Eric and EMBASE from 1970 through the end of December 2012. We included prospective cohort studies and cross-sectional studies that investigated the association between parenting behavior and peer victimization. RESULTS Both victims and those who both bully and are victims (bully/victims) were more likely to be exposed to negative parenting behavior including abuse and neglect and maladaptive parenting. The effects were generally small to moderate for victims (Hedge's g range: 0.10-0.31) but moderate for bully/victims (0.13-0.68). Positive parenting behavior including good communication of parents with the child, warm and affectionate relationship, parental involvement and support, and parental supervision were protective against peer victimization. The protective effects were generally small to moderate for both victims (Hedge's g: range: -0.12 to -0.22) and bully/victims (-0.17 to -0.42). CONCLUSIONS Negative parenting behavior is related to a moderate increase of risk for becoming a bully/victim and small to moderate effects on victim status at school. Intervention programs against bullying should extend their focus beyond schools to include families and start before children enter school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muthanna Samara
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London, Kingston, Upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology and Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing (Warwick Medical School), University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Kidd JD, White JL, Johnson RM. Mental Health Service Contacts Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Girls in Boston Public High Schools. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2012.653907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Risk and Protective Factors for Homophobic Bullying in Schools: An Application of the Social–Ecological Framework. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-012-9194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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