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Chaouachi L, Marín-Sanz M, Barro F, Karmous C. Genetic diversity of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) to mitigate abiotic stress: Drought, heat, and their combination. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301018. [PMID: 38574054 PMCID: PMC10994418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat are the main abiotic constraints affecting durum wheat production. This study aimed to screen for tolerance to drought, heat, and combined stresses in durum wheat, at the juvenile stage under controlled conditions. Five durum wheat genotypes, including four landraces and one improved genotype, were used to test their tolerance to abiotic stress. After 15 days of growing, treatments were applied as three drought levels (100, 50, and 25% field capacity (FC)), three heat stress levels (24, 30, and 35°C), and three combined treatments (100% FC at 24°C, 50% FC at 30°C and 25% FC at 35°C). The screening was performed using a set of morpho-physiological, and biochemical traits. The results showed that the tested stresses significantly affect all measured parameters. The dry matter content (DM) decreased by 37.1% under heat stress (35°C), by 37.3% under severe drought stress (25% FC), and by 53.2% under severe combined stress (25% FC at 35°C). Correlation analyses of drought and heat stress confirmed that aerial part length, dry matter content, hydrogen peroxide content, catalase, and Glutathione peroxidase activities could be efficient screening criteria for both stresses. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that only the landrace Aouija tolerated the three studied stresses, while Biskri and Hedhba genotypes were tolerant to drought and heat stresses and showed the same sensitivity under combined stress. Nevertheless, improved genotype Karim and the landrace Hmira were the most affected genotypes by drought, against a minimum growth for the Hmira genotype under heat stress. The results showed that combined drought and heat stresses had a more pronounced impact than simple effects. In addition, the tolerance of durum wheat to drought and heat stresses involves several adjustments of morpho-physiological and biochemical responses, which are proportional to the stress intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Chaouachi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Barro
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Chahine Karmous
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, Carthage, Tunisia
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2
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Guizani A, Babay E, Askri H, Sialer MF, Gharbi F. Screening for drought tolerance and genetic diversity of wheat varieties using agronomic and molecular markers. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:432. [PMID: 38520570 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The future predictions for frequent and severe droughts will represent a significant threat to wheat yield and food security. In this context, breeding has proven to be the most efficient approach to enhance wheat productivity in dry environments. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, both agronomic and molecular-based approaches were used to evaluate the response of twenty-eight Tunisian wheat varieties to drought stress. The primary objective was to screen these varieties for drought tolerance using molecular and agro-morphological markers. All varieties were significantly affected by drought stress regarding various traits including total dry matter, straw length, flag leaf area, number of senescent leaves, SPAD value, grain yield and grain number. Furthermore, substantial variability in drought-stress tolerance was observed among wheat genotypes. The cluster analysis and principal component analyses confirmed the existence of genotypic variation in growth and yield impairments induced by drought. The stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance index (TOL) proved to be the most effective indices and were strongly correlated with the varying levels of genotypic tolerance. The genotyping evaluation resulted in the amplification of 101 alleles using highly polymorphic 12 SSR markers, showed an average polymorphism of 74%. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the combination of agronomic and molecular approaches revealed that Karim, Td7, D117 and Utique are the most drought-tolerant wheat varieties. These varieties are particularly promising candidates for genetic improvements and can be utilized as potential genitors for future breeding programs in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Guizani
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers LR16ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia.
| | - Elyes Babay
- Agricultural Applied Biotechnology Laboratory (LR16INRAT06), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie (INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hend Askri
- Laboratory of Valorization of Non-Conventional Water (LR16INRGREF02), Water and Forestry, National Institute of Rural Engineering, Carthage University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Fatma Gharbi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers LR16ES05, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 2092, Tunisia
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3
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Nouraei S, Mia MS, Liu H, Turner NC, Yan G. Genome-wide association study of drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) identifies SNP markers and candidate genes. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:22. [PMID: 38430317 PMCID: PMC10908643 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress poses a severe threat to global wheat production, necessitating an in-depth exploration of the genetic basis for drought tolerance associated traits. This study employed a 90 K SNP array to conduct a genome-wide association analysis, unravelling genetic determinants of key traits related to drought tolerance in wheat, namely plant height, root length, and root and shoot dry weight. Using the mixed linear model (MLM) method on 125 wheat accessions subjected to both well-watered and drought stress treatments, we identified 53 SNPs significantly associated with stress susceptibility (SSI) and tolerance indices (STI) for the targeted traits. Notably, chromosomes 2A and 3B stood out with ten and nine associated markers, respectively. Across 17 chromosomes, 44 unique candidate genes were pinpointed, predominantly located on the distal ends of 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 3A, 3B, 4A, 6A, 6B, 7A, 7B, and 7D chromosomes. These genes, implicated in diverse functions related to plant growth, development, and stress responses, offer a rich resource for future investigation. A clustering pattern emerged, notably with seven genes associated with SSI for plant height and four genes linked to both STI of plant height and shoot dry weight, converging on specific regions of chromosome arms of 2AS and 3BL. Additionally, shared genes encoding polygalacturonase, auxilin-related protein 1, peptide deformylase, and receptor-like kinase underscored the interconnectedness between plant height and shoot dry weight. In conclusion, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms governing wheat drought tolerance, identifying promising genomic loci for further exploration and crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nouraei
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Md Sultan Mia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Hui Liu
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Neil C Turner
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Guijun Yan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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4
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Sallam M, Ghazy A, Al-Doss A, Al-Ashkar I. Combining Genetic and Phenotypic Analyses for Detecting Bread Wheat Genotypes of Drought Tolerance through Multivariate Analysis Techniques. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:183. [PMID: 38398692 PMCID: PMC10890630 DOI: 10.3390/life14020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Successfully promoting drought tolerance in wheat genotypes will require several procedures, such as field experimentations, measuring relevant traits, using analysis tools of high precision and efficiency, and taking a complementary approach that combines analyses of phenotyping and genotyping at once. The aim of this study is to assess the genetic diversity of 60 genotypes using SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers collected from several regions of the world and select 13 of them as more genetically diverse to be re-evaluated under field conditions to study drought stress by estimating 30 agro-physio-biochemical traits. Genetic parameters and multivariate analysis were used to compare genotype traits and identify which traits are increasingly efficient at detecting wheat genotypes of drought tolerance. Hierarchical cluster (HC) analysis of SSR markers divided the genotypes into five main categories of drought tolerance: four high tolerant (HT), eight tolerant (T), nine moderate tolerant (MT), six sensitive (S), and 33 high sensitive (HS). Six traits exhibit a combination of high heritability (>60%) and genetic gain (>20%). Analyses of principal components and stepwise multiple linear regression together identified nine traits (grain yield, flag leaf area, stomatal conductance, plant height, relative turgidity, glycine betaine, polyphenol oxidase, chlorophyll content, and grain-filling duration) as a screening tool that effectively detects the variation among the 13 genotypes used. HC analysis of the nine traits divided genotypes into three main categories: T, MT, and S, representing three, five, and five genotypes, respectively, and were completely identical in linear discriminant analysis. But in the case of SSR markers, they were classified into three main categories: T, MT, and S, representing five, three, and five genotypes, respectively, which are both significantly correlated as per the Mantel test. The SSR markers were associated with nine traits, which are considered an assistance tool in the selection process for drought tolerance. So, this study is useful and has successfully detected several agro-physio-biochemical traits, associated SSR markers, and some drought-tolerant genotypes, coupled with our knowledge of the phenotypic and genotypic basis of wheat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.); (A.G.); (A.A.-D.)
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da Cruz TI, Rocha DC, Lanna AC, Dedicova B, Vianello RP, Brondani C. Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 ( OsCPK5) Overexpression in Upland Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under Water Deficit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3826. [PMID: 38005723 PMCID: PMC10674721 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit significantly affects global crop growth and productivity, particularly in water-limited environments, such as upland rice cultivation, reducing grain yield. Plants activate various defense mechanisms during water deficit, involving numerous genes and complex metabolic pathways. Exploring homologous genes that are linked to enhanced drought tolerance through the use of genomic data from model organisms can aid in the functional validation of target species. We evaluated the upland rice OsCPK5 gene, an A. thaliana AtCPK6 homolog, by overexpressing it in the BRSMG Curinga cultivar. Transformants were assessed using a semi-automated phenotyping platform under two irrigation conditions: regular watering, and water deficit applied 79 days after seeding, lasting 14 days, followed by irrigation at 80% field capacity. The physiological data and leaf samples were collected at reproductive stages R3, R6, and R8. The genetically modified (GM) plants consistently exhibited higher OsCPK5 gene expression levels across stages, peaking during grain filling, and displayed reduced stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate and increased water-use efficiency compared to non-GM (NGM) plants under drought. The GM plants also exhibited a higher filled grain percentage under both irrigation conditions. Their drought susceptibility index was 0.9 times lower than that of NGM plants, and they maintained a higher chlorophyll a/b index, indicating sustained photosynthesis. The NGM plants under water deficit exhibited more leaf senescence, while the OsCPK5-overexpressing plants retained their green leaves. Overall, OsCPK5 overexpression induced diverse drought tolerance mechanisms, indicating the potential for future development of more drought-tolerant rice cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Ignez da Cruz
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Anna Cristina Lanna
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás 75375-000, Brazil; (A.C.L.); (R.P.V.)
| | - Beata Dedicova
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sundsvägen 10, P.O. Box 101, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | | | - Claudio Brondani
- Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás 75375-000, Brazil; (A.C.L.); (R.P.V.)
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Ahmed SF, Ahmed JU, Hasan M, Mohi-Ud-Din M. Assessment of genetic variation among wheat genotypes for drought tolerance utilizing microsatellite markers and morpho-physiological characteristics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21629. [PMID: 38027610 PMCID: PMC10658252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress that severely limits sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity via morphological and physio-biochemical alterations of cellular processes. The complex nature and polygenic control of drought tolerance traits make breeding tolerant genotypes quite challenging. However, naturally occurring variabilities among wheat germplasm resources could potentially help combating drought. The present study was conducted to assess the drought tolerance of 18 Bangladeshi hexaploid wheat genotypes, focusing on the identification of potent sources of diversity by combining microsatellite markers, also known as single sequence repeat markers, and morpho-physiological characteristics that might help accelerating wheat crop improvement programs. Initially, the genotypes were evaluated using 25 microsatellite markers followed by an on-field evaluation of 7 morphological traits (plant height, spike number, spike length, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield) and 6 physiological traits (SPAD value, membrane stability index, leaf relative water content, proline content, canopy temperature depression, and leaf K+ ion content). The field-trial was conducted in a factorial fashion of 18 wheat genotypes and two water regimes (control and drought) following a split-plot randomized complete block design. Regardless of genotype, drought was significantly damaging for all the tested traits; however, substantial variability in drought stress tolerance was evident among the genotypes. Spike length, 1000-grain weight, SPAD value, leaf relative water content, canopy temperature depression, proline content, and potassium (K+) ion content were the most representative of drought-induced growth and yield impairments and also correlated well with the contrasting ability of genotypic tolerance. Microsatellite markers amplified 244 alleles exhibiting 79% genetic diversity. Out of 25 markers, 23 was highly polymorphic showing 77% average polymorphism. Morpho-physiological trait-based hierarchical clustering and microsatellite marker-based neighbor-jointing clustering both revealed three genotypic clusters with 71% co-linearity between them. In both cases, the genotypes Kanchan, BAW-1147, BINA Gom 1, BARI Gom 22, BARI Gom 26, and BARI Gom 33 were found to be comparatively more tolerant than the other tested genotypes, showing potential for cultivation in water-deficit environments. The findings of this study would contribute to the present understanding of drought tolerance in wheat and would provide a basis for future genotype selection for drought-tolerant wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Faruk Ahmed
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Jalal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mehfuz Hasan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
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7
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Benali A, El Haddad N, Patil SB, Goyal A, Hejjaoui K, El Baouchi A, Gaboun F, Taghouti M, Ouhssine M, Kumar S. Impact of Terminal Heat and Combined Heat-Drought Stress on Plant Growth, Yield, Grain Size, and Nutritional Quality in Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3726. [PMID: 37960082 PMCID: PMC10650860 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is the third most consumed pulse and provides a kit of essential nutrients for an exponential population. High temperatures and drought stress are two major abiotic stresses that cause serious effects on chickpea growth and development. The comprehension of abiotic stresses' impact on chickpea productivity and nutritional quality will permit the selection of promising genotypes. The current study aimed to assess the impact of heat and drought stresses on plant growth, grain yield and its components, grain size, and nutritional quality in chickpea. For this purpose, 43 international chickpea genotypes were evaluated under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought stress conditions. The findings revealed a significant decrease of over 50% in plant height, biological yield, and seed yield under both stress conditions. Grain size and hundred-seed weight were the most heritable traits under normal, heat, and combined heat-drought stress. Proteins were accumulated under both stresses, evolving from 20.26% for normal conditions to 22.19% for heat stress and to 21.94% for combined heat-drought stress. For minerals, significant variation between treatments was observed for Mn, Mg, and Na. Our results also showed a significant impact of genotype and genotype-environment interaction factors only on K content. Using selection indices, 22 genotypes were identified as highly tolerant to the combined heat-drought stress, while eleven genotypes were heat-tolerant. Mineral profile analysis according to the contrasting tolerance clusters revealed decreased potassium content in susceptible genotypes, indicating genetic potential in the studied chickpea collection, ensuring tolerance to both stresses while maintaining good grain quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouatif Benali
- Laboratory of Agro-Physiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, IbnTofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (N.E.H.); (S.B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Noureddine El Haddad
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (N.E.H.); (S.B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Somanagouda B. Patil
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (N.E.H.); (S.B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Aakash Goyal
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco; (N.E.H.); (S.B.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Kamal Hejjaoui
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (K.H.)
| | - Adil El Baouchi
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; (K.H.)
| | - Fatima Gaboun
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco
| | - Mouna Taghouti
- National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Rabat-Instituts, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui, Rabat 10101, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ouhssine
- Laboratory of Agro-Physiology, Biotechnology, Environment and Quality, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, IbnTofail University, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Shiv Kumar
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), New Delhi 110012, India
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Chaouachi L, Marín-Sanz M, Kthiri Z, Boukef S, Harbaoui K, Barro F, Karmous C. The opportunity of using durum wheat landraces to tolerate drought stress: screening morpho-physiological components. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad022. [PMID: 37228421 PMCID: PMC10205476 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Local genetic resources could constitute a promising solution to overcome drought stress. Thus, eight (8) durum wheat landraces and one improved variety were assessed for drought tolerance in pots under controlled conditions. Three water treatments were tested: control (100 % of the field capacity (FC)), medium (50 % FC) and severe (25 % FC) stress. The assessment was carried out at the seedling stage to mimic stress during crop set-up. Results showed that increased water stress led to a decrease in biomass and morpho-physiological parameters and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. Severe water stress decreased the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, relative water content (RWC) and water potential of the investigated genotypes by 56.45, 20.58, 50.18 and 139.4 %, respectively. Besides, the phenolic compounds content increased by 169.2 % compared to the control. Catalase and guaiacol peroxidase activities increased 17 days after treatment for most genotypes except Karim and Hmira. A principal component analysis showed that the most contributed drought tolerance traits were chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, RWC and electrolyte conductivity. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering showed that the landraces Aouija, Biskri and Hedhba exhibited a higher adaptive response to drought stress treatments, indicating that water stress-adaptive traits are included in Tunisian landraces germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Chaouachi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Miriam Marín-Sanz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture-Spanish National Research Council (IAS-CSIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Zayneb Kthiri
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Boukef
- High Institute of Agronomy of Chott Mariam, Sousse University, Chott-Mariem 13, Sousse 4042, Tunisia
| | - Kalthoum Harbaoui
- Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, Carthage University, 7030 Route de Tabarka, Tunisia
| | | | - Chahine Karmous
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cereal Breeding (LR14 AGR01), National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, Carthage University, 1082 Tunis, Tunisia
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Saad AM, Elhabbak AK, Abbas MH, Mohamed I, AbdelRahman MA, Scopa A, Bassouny MA. Can deficit irrigations be an optimum solution for increasing water productivity under arid conditions? A case study on wheat plants. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103537. [PMID: 36590750 PMCID: PMC9800629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is of growing concern in many countries around the world, especially within the arid and semi-arid zones. Accordingly, rationalizing irrigation water has become an obligation to achieve the sustainable developmental goals of these countries. This may take place via using deficit irrigation which is long thought to be an effective strategy to save and improve water productivity. The current study is a trial to evaluate the pros and cons of using 50 and 75 % of the irrigation requirements (IR) of wheat (deficit irrigations) versus 100 %IR, while precisely charting changes in wheat growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes in plant shoots and the overall nutritional status of plants (NPK contents). Accordingly, a field experiment was conducted for two successive seasons, followed a split-plot design in which deficit irrigations (two irrigations to achieve 50 % of the irrigations requirements (IR), three irrigations to attain 75 % IR, and four irrigations to fulfill 100 % IR) were placed in main plots while four different studied wheat cultivars were in subplots. Results obtained herein indicate that deficit irrigations led to significant reductions in growth parameters and productivity of all wheat cultivars, especially when using 50 % IR. It also decreased NPK contents within plant shoots while elevated their contents of proline, peroxidase, and catalase enzymes. On the other hand, this type of irrigation decreased virtual water content (VWC, the amount of water used in production on ton of wheat grains). Stress tolerance index (STI), and financial revenues per unit area were also assessed. The obtained values of grain productivity, STI, VWC and financial revenues were weighted via PCA analyses, and then introduced in a novel model to estimate the efficiency of deficit irrigations (ODEI) whose results specified that the overall efficiency decreased as follows: 50 %IR < 75 %IR < 100 %IR. In conclusion, deficit irrigation is not deemed appropriate for rationalizing irrigation water while growing wheat on arid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Saad
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Amany K. Elhabbak
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H.H. Abbas
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Mohamed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A.E. AbdelRahman
- Division of Environmental Studies and Land Use, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo 11769, Egypt
| | - Antonio Scopa
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali (SAFE), Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy,Corresponding authors.
| | - Mohamed A. Bassouny
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt,Corresponding authors.
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10
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Laskoś K, Myśków B, Dziurka M, Warchoł M, Dziurka K, Juzoń K, Czyczyło-Mysza IM. Variation between glaucous and non-glaucous near-isogenic lines of rye (Secale cereale L.) under drought stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22486. [PMID: 36577794 PMCID: PMC9797576 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26869-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucous (811, L35, and RXL10) and non-glaucous (811bw, L35bw, and RXL10bw) near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rye (Secale cereale L.) forming three pairs of inbred lines were the subject of the research. The research aimed to study the relationship between wax cover attributes and the physio-biochemical drought reactions and yield of rye NILs and to uncover the differences in drought resistance levels of these lines. The greatest differences between glaucous and non-glaucous NILs were observed in the RXL10/RXL10bw pair. Of particular note were the stable grain number and the thousand grain weight of the non-glaucous line RXL10bw under drought and the accompanying reactions, such as an approximately 60% increase in MDA and a two-fold increase in wax amount, both of which were significantly higher than in the glaucous line RXL10 and in other NILs. The surprisingly high level of MDA in the RXL10bw line requires further analysis. Moreover, additional wax crystal aggregates were found under drought conditions on the abaxial leaf surface of the glaucous lines 811 and RXL10. The use of rye NILs indicated that line-specific drought resistance could be associated with wax biosynthetic pathways involved in physiological and biochemical responses important for increased drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Laskoś
- grid.460372.4The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Myśków
- grid.411391.f0000 0001 0659 0011Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West-Pomeranian University of Technology, Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- grid.460372.4The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marzena Warchoł
- grid.460372.4The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- grid.460372.4The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- grid.460372.4The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ilona M. Czyczyło-Mysza
- grid.460372.4The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
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11
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Kunene S, Odindo AO, Gerrano AS, Mandizvo T. Screening Bambara Groundnut ( Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance at the Germination Stage under Simulated Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3562. [PMID: 36559674 PMCID: PMC9788078 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) is grown by smallholders and subsistence farmers in the marginal parts of sub-Saharan Africa. This legume is native to Africa and is cultivated throughout semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa. It is hardy and has been recognized as a nutritious food source in times of scarcity. Drought can negatively affect the germination or establishment of seedlings in the early stages of crop growth. Drought can limit the growing season of certain crops and create conditions that encourage the invasion of insects and diseases. Drought can also lead to a lack of crop yield, leading to rising food prices, shortages, and possibly malnutrition in vulnerable populations. A drought-tolerant genotype can be identified at the germination stage of Bambara groundnut by screening for drought-tolerance traits, and this knowledge can be applied to Bambara crop improvement programs to identify drought-tolerant traits during early growth phases. As an osmolyte, polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) reduced water potential and simulated drought stress in Bambara groundnut seeds of different genotypes. Osmolytes are low-molecular-weight organic compounds that influence biological fluid properties. In this study, 24 Bambara groundnut genotypes were used. Data were collected on seed germination percentage (G%), germination velocity index (GVI), mean germination time (MGT), root dry mass (RDM), root fresh mass (RFM), and seven drought tolerance indices: mean productivity (MP), tolerance index (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) as well as seed coat color measurements. The data were applied to the mean observation of genotypes under simulated drought conditions (Ys) and the mean observation of genotypes under controlled conditions (Yp). Germination%, germination velocity index (GVI), mass germination time (MGT), and root fresh mass (RFM) differed significantly (p < 0.001) between the two stress conditions. Bambara genotypes Acc 82 and Acc 96 were found to be the most drought-tolerant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithembile Kunene
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Alfred Oduor Odindo
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Abe Shegro Gerrano
- Agricultural Research Council, Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag X293, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Takudzwa Mandizvo
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
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12
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Bui KT, Naruse T, Yoshida H, Toda Y, Omori Y, Tsuda M, Kaga A, Yamasaki Y, Tsujimoto H, Ichihashi Y, Hirai M, Fujiwara T, Iwata H, Matsuoka M, Takahashi H, Nakazono M. Effects of irrigation on root growth and development of soybean: A 3-year sandy field experiment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1047563. [PMID: 36589062 PMCID: PMC9795411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the water use efficiency of crops is an important agricultural goal closely related to the root system -the primary plant organ for water and nutrient acquisition. In an attempt to evaluate the response of root growth and development of soybean to water supply levels, 200 genotypes were grown in a sandy field for 3 years under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, and 14 root traits together with shoot fresh weight and plant height were investigated. Three-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of treatments and years on growth of plants, accounting for more than 80% of the total variability. The response of roots to irrigation was consistent over the years as most root traits were improved by irrigation. However, the actual values varied between years because the growth of plants was largely affected by the field microclimatic conditions (i.e., temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation). Therefore, the best linear unbiased prediction values for each trait were calculated using the original data. Principal component analysis showed that most traits contributed to principal component (PC) 1, whereas average diameter, the ratio of thin and medium thickness root length to total root length contributed to PC2. Subsequently, we focused on selecting genotypes that exhibited significant improvements in root traits under irrigation than under non-irrigated conditions using the increment (I-index) and relative increment (RI-index) indices calculated for all traits. Finally, we screened for genotypes with high stability and root growth over the 3 years using the multi-trait selection index (MTSI).Six genotypes namely, GmJMC130, GmWMC178, GmJMC092, GmJMC068, GmWMC075, and GmJMC081 from the top 10% of genotypes scoring MTSI less than the selection threshold of 7.04 and 4.11 under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions, respectively, were selected. The selected genotypes have great potential for breeding cultivars with improved water usage abilities, meeting the goal of water-saving agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuynh The Bui
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Toshiya Naruse
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Toda
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Omori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuda
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akito Kaga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamasaki
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | | | | | - Masami Hirai
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuoka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikio Nakazono
- Graduate School of Bio-Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, Australia
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13
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Mohi-Ud-Din M, Hossain MA, Rohman MM, Uddin MN, Haque MS, Ahmed JU, Abdullah HM, Hossain MA, Pessarakli M. Canopy spectral reflectance indices correlate with yield traits variability in bread wheat genotypes under drought stress. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14421. [PMID: 36452074 PMCID: PMC9703988 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is a major issue impacting wheat growth and yield worldwide, and it is getting worse as the world's climate changes. Thus, selection for drought-adaptive traits and drought-tolerant genotypes are essential components in wheat breeding programs. The goal of this study was to explore how spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) and yield traits in wheat genotypes changed in irrigated and water-limited environments. In two wheat-growing seasons, we evaluated 56 preselected wheat genotypes for SRIs, stay green (SG), canopy temperature depression (CTD), biological yield (BY), grain yield (GY), and yield contributing traits under control and drought stress, and the SRIs and yield traits exhibited higher heritability (H2) across the growing years. Diverse SRIs associated with SG, pigment content, hydration status, and aboveground biomass demonstrated a consistent response to drought and a strong association with GY. Under drought stress, GY had stronger phenotypic correlations with SG, CTD, and yield components than in control conditions. Three primary clusters emerged from the hierarchical cluster analysis, with cluster I (15 genotypes) showing minimal changes in SRIs and yield traits, indicating a relatively higher level of drought tolerance than clusters II (26 genotypes) and III (15 genotypes). The genotypes were appropriately assigned to distinct clusters, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) demonstrated that the clusters differed significantly. It was found that the top five components explained 73% of the variation in traits in the principal component analysis, and that vegetation and water-based indices, as well as yield traits, were the most important factors in explaining genotypic drought tolerance variation. Based on the current study's findings, it can be concluded that proximal canopy reflectance sensing could be used to screen wheat genotypes for drought tolerance in water-starved environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh,Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Motiar Rohman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nesar Uddin
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sabibul Haque
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jalal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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14
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El-Hashash EF, Abou El-Enin MM, Abd El-Mageed TA, Attia MAEH, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, Shaaban A. Bread Wheat Productivity in Response to Humic Acid Supply and Supplementary Irrigation Mode in Three Northwestern Coastal Sites of Egypt. AGRONOMY 2022; 12:1499. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major factor limiting wheat crop production worldwide. The application of humic acid (HA) and the selection of the appropriate genotype in the suitable site is one of the most important methods of tolerance of wheat plants to drought-stress conditions. The aim of this study was achieved using a three-way ANOVA, the stress tolerance index (STI), the Pearson correlation coefficient (rp), and principal component analysis (PCA). Three field experiments in three sites (Al-Qasr, El-Neguilla, and Abo Kwela) during the 2019/21 and 2020/21 seasons were conducted, entailing one Egyptian bread wheat variety (Sakha 94) with three HA rates (0, 30, and 60 kg ha−1) under normal and drought-stress conditions (supplemental irrigation). According to the ANOVA, the sites, supplemental irrigation, HA rates, and their first- and second-order interactions the grain yield and most traits evaluated (p ≤ 0.05 or 0.01) were significantly influenced in both seasons. Drought stress drastically reduced all traits registered in all factors studied compared with normal conditions. The wheat plants at the Al-Qasr site in both seasons showed significantly increased grain yield and most traits compared with that of the other sites under normal and drought-stress conditions. HA significantly promoted all studied traits under drought stress, and was highest when applying 60 kg HA ha−1, regardless of the site. The greatest grain yield and most traits monitored were observed in wheat plants fertilized with 60 kg HA ha−1 at the Al-Qasr site in both seasons under both conditions. Grain yield significantly (p ≤ 0.05 or 0.01) correlated with water and precipitation use efficiency as well as the most studied traits under normal and drought-stress conditions. The results of STI, rp, and PCA from the current study could be useful and could be used as a suitable method for studying drought-tolerance mechanisms to improve wheat productivity. Based on the results of statistical methods used in this study, we recommend the application of 60 kg HA ha−1 to improve wheat productivity under drought conditions along the north-western coast of Egypt.
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15
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Mandizvo T, Odindo AO, Mashilo J, Magwaza LS. Drought tolerance assessment of citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf. ex Greb.) accessions based on morphological and physiological traits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 180:106-123. [PMID: 35405428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cultivation of citron watermelon under water-constrained environments in sub-Saharan Africa resulted in the selection and domestication of highly tolerant genotypes. However, information on the magnitude of variation for drought tolerance in citron watermelon is limited for the effective selection of suitable genotypes for breeding. The objective of this study was to determine variation for drought tolerance among South African citron watermelon landrace accessions for selection and use as genetic stock for drought-tolerance breeding in this crop and closely-related cucurbit crops. Forty genetically differentiated citron watermelon accessions were grown under non-stress (NS) and drought-stress (DS) conditions under glasshouse environment. Data of physiological (i.e., leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) and morphological traits (i.e., shoot and root system architecture traits, and fruit yield) were collected and subjected to various parametric statistical analyses. The accessions varied significantly for assessed traits under both NS and DS conditions which aided classification into five groups, namely; A (highly drought-tolerant), B (drought-tolerant), C (moderate drought-tolerant), D (drought-sensitive) and E (highly drought-sensitive). Drought-tolerant genotypes produced more fruit yield with less water compared with drought-sensitive genotypes. Several physiological and morphological parameters correlated with fruit yield under DS condition namely: instantaneous water-use efficiency (r = 0.97), leaf dry weight (r = 0.77), total root length (r = 0.46) and root dry weight (r = 0.48). The following accessions, namely: WWM-46, WWM-68, WWM-41(A), WWM-15, WWM-64, WWM-57, WWM-47, WWM-37(2), WWM-79, WWM-05 and WWM-50) were identified as highly drought-tolerant and recommended for drought-tolerance breeding in this crop or related cucurbit crops such as sweet dessert watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takudzwa Mandizvo
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
| | - Alfred Oduor Odindo
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Jacob Mashilo
- Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agriculture Regulatory and Technology Development, Directorate, Towoomba Research Centre, Private Bag X1615, Bela-Bela, 0480, South Africa
| | - Lembe Samukelo Magwaza
- Crop Science, School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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16
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Negisho K, Shibru S, Matros A, Pillen K, Ordon F, Wehner G. Association Mapping of Drought Tolerance Indices in Ethiopian Durum Wheat ( Triticum turgidum ssp. durum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:838088. [PMID: 35693182 PMCID: PMC9178276 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.838088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethiopia is a major producer of durum wheat in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its production is prone to drought stress as it is fully dependent on rain, which is erratic and unpredictable. This study aimed to detect marker-trait associations (MTAs) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to indices. Six drought tolerance indices, i.e., drought susceptibility index (DSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), relative drought index (RDI), stress tolerance index (STI), tolerance index (TOL), and yield stability index (YSI) were calculated from least-square means (lsmeans) of grain yield (GY) and traits significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with grain yield (GY) under field drought stress (FDS) and field non-stress (FNS) conditions. GY, days to grain filling (DGF), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, seeds per spike (SPS), harvest index (HI), and thousand kernel weight (TKW) were used to calculate DSI, GMP, RDI, STI, TOL, and YSI drought indices. Accessions, DW084, DW082, DZ004, C037, and DW092 were selected as the top five drought-tolerant based on DSI, RDI, TOL, and YSI combined ranking. Similarly, C010, DW033, DW080, DW124-2, and C011 were selected as stable accessions based on GMP and STI combined ranking. A total of 184 MTAs were detected linked with drought indices at -log10p ≥ 4.0,79 of which were significant at a false discovery rate (FDR) of 5%. Based on the linkage disequilibrium (LD, r 2 ≥ 0.2), six of the MTAs with a positive effect on GY-GMP were detected on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4A, 5B, and 6B, explaining 14.72, 10.07, 26.61, 21.16, 21.91, and 22.21% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. The 184 MTAs were clustered into 102 QTLs. Chromosomes 1A, 2B, and 7A are QTL hotspots with 11 QTLs each. These chromosomes play a key role in drought tolerance and respective QTL may be exploited by marker-assisted selection for improving drought stress tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefyalew Negisho
- National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Surafel Shibru
- Melkassa Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa, Ethiopia
| | - Andrea Matros
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Ordon
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Gwendolin Wehner
- Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany
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17
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Kamara MM, Rehan M, Mohamed AM, El Mantawy RF, Kheir AMS, Abd El-Moneim D, Safhi FA, ALshamrani SM, Hafez EM, Behiry SI, Ali MMA, Mansour E. Genetic Potential and Inheritance Patterns of Physiological, Agronomic and Quality Traits in Bread Wheat under Normal and Water Deficit Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070952. [PMID: 35406932 PMCID: PMC9002629 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a major environmental stress that adversatively impacts wheat growth, production, and quality. Furthermore, drought is predicted to be more frequent and severe as a result of climate change, particularly in arid regions. Hence, breeding for drought-tolerant and high-yielding wheat genotypes has become more decisive to sustain its production and ensure global food security with continuing population growth. The present study aimed at evaluating different parental bread wheat genotypes (exotic and local) and their hybrids under normal and drought stress conditions. Gene action controlling physiological, agronomic, and quality traits through half-diallel analysis was applied. The results showed that water-deficit stress substantially decreased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency (FV/Fm), relative water content, grain yield, and yield attributes. On the other hand, proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POD, and SOD), grain protein content, wet gluten content, and dry gluten content were significantly increased compared to well-watered conditions. The 36 evaluated genotypes were classified based on drought tolerance indices into 5 groups varying from highly drought-tolerant (group A) to highly drought-sensitive genotypes (group E). The parental genotypes P3 and P8 were identified as good combiners to increase chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, relative water content, grain yield, and yield components under water deficit conditions. Additionally, the cross combinations P2 × P4, P3 × P5, P3 × P8, and P6 × P7 were the most promising combinations to increase yield traits and multiple physiological parameters under water deficit conditions. Furthermore, P1, P2, and P5 were recognized as promising parents to improve grain protein content and wet and dry gluten contents under drought stress. In addition, the crosses P1 × P4, P2 × P3, P2 × P5, P2 × P6, P4 × P7, P5 × P7, P5 × P8, P6 × P8, and P7 × P8 were the best combinations to improve grain protein content under water-stressed and non-stressed conditions. Certain physiological traits displayed highly positive associations with grain yield and its contributing traits under drought stress such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), proline content, and relative water content, which suggest their importance for indirect selection under water deficit conditions. Otherwise, grain protein content was negatively correlated with grain yield, indicating that selection for higher grain yield could reduce grain protein content under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Kamara
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Medhat Rehan
- Department of Plant Production and Protection, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Burydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amany M. Mohamed
- Seed Technology Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Rania F. El Mantawy
- Crop Physiology Research Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. S. Kheir
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt;
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Directorate of Programs, Dubai 14660, United Arab Emirates
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt;
| | - Fatmah Ahmed Safhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salha M. ALshamrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; (M.M.K.); (E.M.H.)
| | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. A. Ali
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.M.A.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Elsayed Mansour
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.M.A.A.); (E.M.)
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18
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Shojaei SH, Mostafavi K, Omrani A, Illés Á, Bojtor C, Omrani S, Mousavi SMN, Nagy J. Comparison of Maize Genotypes Using Drought-Tolerance Indices and Graphical Analysis under Normal and Humidity Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:942. [PMID: 35406921 PMCID: PMC9002667 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify drought-tolerant genotypes and to evaluate and compare the response of genotypes under normal conditions and humidity stress. The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) on 12 commercial single cross hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) with three replications in two separate experiments under normal and stress conditions. GT biplot was used to compare genotypes under normal conditions and humidity stress. Based on the polygon diagrams' graphical analysis, KSC206, KSC704, KSC705 and KSC706 genotypes were identified as desirable hybrids. The ranking diagram of genotypes based on ideal genotype also showed that the KSC704 genotype had high desirability in all evaluated traits in normal and stress conditions. TOL, MP, HARM, GMP, SSI and STI indices were used to identify drought-tolerant genotypes, and the genotypes were ranked based on this index. Based on this, KSC260, SC302 and KSC400 hybrids were selected as resistant hybrids. Based on the correlation analysis between drought-tolerance indices, a positive correlation was observed between MP, GMP, HARM and STI indices. Based on the analysis of the PCA on the indices, the first and second principal components were given the titles of grain yield tolerance component under humidity stress conditions and grain yield stability component under normal humidity conditions, respectively. KSC704 was superior to other hybrids in terms of grain yield under normal conditions and stress, and the KSC260 hybrid was identified as a tolerant hybrid in terms of all studied traits under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Habib Shojaei
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Khodadad Mostafavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 3149968111, Iran;
| | - Ali Omrani
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Moghan 193951113, Iran;
| | - Árpád Illés
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.I.); (C.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Csaba Bojtor
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.I.); (C.B.); (J.N.)
| | - Saeed Omrani
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.I.); (C.B.); (J.N.)
| | - János Nagy
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, 138 Böszörményi St., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.I.); (C.B.); (J.N.)
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Helaly MN, El-Hoseiny HM, Elsheery NI, Kalaji HM, de los Santos-Villalobos S, Wróbel J, Hassan IF, Gaballah MS, Abdelrhman LA, Mira AM, Alam-Eldein SM. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and 24-Epibrassinolide Improve the Drought Stress Resilience and Productivity of Banana Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:743. [PMID: 35336624 PMCID: PMC8949027 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth, development, and productivity are adversely affected under drought conditions. Previous findings indicated that 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) play an important role in the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. This study demonstrated the role of ALA and EBL on oxidative stress and photosynthetic capacity of drought-stressed 'Williams' banana grown under the Egyptian semi-arid conditions. Exogenous application of either ALA or EBL at concentrations of 15, 30, and 45 mg·L-1 significantly restored plant photosynthetic activity and increased productivity under reduced irrigation; this was equivalent to 75% of the plant's total water requirements. Both compounds significantly reduced drought-induced oxidative damages by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase 'SOD', catalase 'CAT', and peroxidase 'POD') and preserving chloroplast structure. Lipid peroxidation, electrolyte loss and free non-radical H2O2 formation in the chloroplast were noticeably reduced compared to the control, but chlorophyll content and photosynthetic oxygen evolution were increased. Nutrient uptake, auxin and cytokinin levels were also improved with the reduced abscisic acid levels. The results indicated that ALA and EBL could reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and maintain the stability of the chloroplast membrane structure under drought stress. This study suggests that the use of ALA or EBL at 30 mg·L-1 can promote the growth, productivity and fruit quality of drought-stressed banana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N. Helaly
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hanan M. El-Hoseiny
- Horticulture Department, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Fouka 51511, Egypt;
| | - Nabil I. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Hazem M. Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; or
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, Al.Hrabska 3, 05-090 Pruszków, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Wróbel
- Department of Bioengineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Islam F. Hassan
- Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (I.F.H.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Maybelle S. Gaballah
- Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Agricultural and Biological Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt; (I.F.H.); (M.S.G.)
| | - Lamyaa A. Abdelrhman
- Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (SWERI), Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Amany M. Mira
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
| | - Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt;
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Nergui K, Jin S, Zhao L, Liu X, Xu T, Wei J, Chen X, Yang Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Zhao T, Li Y, Tang L, Sun R, Wang X, Liu Y, Deng X. Comparative analysis of physiological, agronomic and transcriptional responses to drought stress in wheat local varieties from Mongolia and Northern China. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:23-35. [PMID: 34844115 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that threaten wheat production worldwide, especially in the Mongolian Plateau and adjacent regions. This study aims to find local wheat varieties with high yields and drought resistance at various developmental stages based on agronomic traits and drought resistance indices analysis and explore the underlining molecular mechanisms by transcriptome analysis. Our results revealed that drought stress started at the seedling stage has a greater impact on crop yields. Four types of drought responses were found among the tested varieties. Type 1 and type 2 show low tolerance to drought stress despite high or low yield in control condition, type 3 exhibits high yield under control condition but dropped significantly after drought, and type 4 displays relatively high and stable yields under control and drought conditions. Transcriptome analysis performed with the representative varieties of the four types revealed GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched among drought-triggered differential expressed genes (DEGs). A network containing 18 modules was constructed using weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA). Ten modules were significantly correlated to yield by module-trait correlation, and 3 modules showed Darkhan 144 specific gene expression patterns. C2H2 zinc finger factor-recognized motifs were identified from the promoters of genes in these modules. qRT-PCR confirmed several key DEGs with specific expression patterns and physiological measurements validated the relatively low oxidative damage and high antioxidant capacity in the drought tolerant variety Dankhan 144. These findings provide an important basis for local agriculture and breeding of drought-tolerant high yield wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandmaa Nergui
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Songsong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jun Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Runze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Ramtekey V, Bansal R, Aski MS, Kothari D, Singh A, Pandey R, Tripathi K, Mishra GP, Kumar S, Dikshit HK. Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Lens Species at the Seedling Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122711. [PMID: 34961182 PMCID: PMC8707046 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential, non-renewable resource critical for crop productivity across the world. P is immobile in nature and, therefore, the identification of novel genotypes with efficient P uptake and utilization under a low P environment is extremely important. This study was designed to characterize eighty genotypes of different Lens species for shoot and root traits at two contrasting levels of P. A significant reduction in primary root length (PRL), total surface area (TSA), total root tips (TRT), root forks (RF), total dry weight (TDW), root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) in response to P deficiency was recorded. A principal component analysis revealed that the TDW, SDW and RDW were significantly correlated to P uptake and utilization efficiency in lentils. Based on total dry weight (TDW) under low P, L4727, EC718309, EC714238, PL-97, EC718348, DPL15, PL06 and EC718332 were found promising. The characterization of different Lens species revealed species-specific variations for the studied traits. Cultivated lentils exhibited higher P uptake and utilization efficiency as compared to the wild forms. The study, based on four different techniques, identified EC714238 as the most P use-efficient genotype. The genotypes identified in this study can be utilized for developing mapping populations and deciphering the genetics for breeding lentil varieties suited for low P environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Ramtekey
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.R.); (M.S.A.); (D.K.)
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ICAR—Indian Institute of Seed Science, Mau 275103, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India; (R.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Muraleedhar S. Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.R.); (M.S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Deepali Kothari
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.R.); (M.S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida 201303, India;
| | - Renu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR—National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India; (R.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Gyan P. Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.R.); (M.S.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Rabat-Institutes, ICARDA, B.P. 6299, Station Experiment, INRA-Quich, Rue Hafiane Cherkaoui Agdal, Rabat 10112, Morocco
| | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (V.R.); (M.S.A.); (D.K.)
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Reddy VRP, Dikshit HK, Mishra GP, Aski M, Singh A, Bansal R, Pandey R, Nair RM. Comparison of different selection traits for identification of phosphorus use efficient lines in mungbean. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12156. [PMID: 34707926 PMCID: PMC8504459 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is one of the major constraints for crop growth and development, owing to low availability and least mobility in many tropical soil conditions. Categorization of existing germplasm under P deficient conditions is a prerequisite for the selection and development of P efficient genotypes in the mungbean. In the present investigation, 36 diverse genotypes were categorized for phosphorus use efficiency traits using four different techniques for identification of phosphorus use efficient mungbean genotypes. The studied genotypes were categorized for P efficiency based on efficiency, responsiveness, and stress tolerance score of genotypes under normal and low P conditions. The mean values of traits, root dry mass, root to shoot ratio, and P utilization efficiency are significantly higher under low P conditions indicating the high responsiveness of traits to P deficiency. The presence of significant interaction between genotypes and P treatment indicates the evaluated genotypes were significantly affected by P treatment for studied traits. The total P uptake showed significant and positive correlations with root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass,and P concentration under both P regimes. Out of the four techniques used for the categorization of genotypes for P efficiency, three techniques revealed that the genotype PUSA 1333, followed by Pusa Vishal, PUSA 1031, and Pusa Ratna is efficient. The categorization based on stress tolerance score is the finest way to study variation and for the selection of contrasting genotypes for P efficiency. The identified P efficient genotypes would be valuable resources for genetic enhancement of P use efficiency in mungbean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Ravi Prakash Reddy
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, India
| | - Harsh Kumar Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyan Prakash Mishra
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Muraleedhar Aski
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Pandey
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Effect of progressive drought stress on physio-biochemical responses and gene expression patterns in wheat. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:440. [PMID: 34603917 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to decipher the impact of multiple drought stress on wheat. To that effect, Geumgangmil, PL 337 (1AL.1RS), PL 371 (1BL.1RS), and PL 257 (1DL.1RS) seedlings were subjected to four treatments: G1 (control), G2 (stressed thrice with rewatering), G3 (stressed twice with rewatering), and G4 (single stressful event). The findings provided a comprehensive framework of drought-hardening effect at physiological, biochemical, and gene expression levels of drought-stressed wheat genotypes. The treatments resulted in differentially higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), soluble sugar, and proline accumulation, and reduced relative water content (RWC) in wheat plants. Photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll and carotenoid) levels, the membrane stability index (MSI), and shoot biomass decreased dramatically and differently across genotypes, particularly in G3 and G4 compared to G2. The activity of antioxidant enzymes [ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)] increased with the duration and severity of drought treatment. Furthermore, the relative expression of DREB, LEA, HSP, P5CS, SOD1, CAT1, APX1, RBCL, and CCD1 genes was higher in G2 than in other treatments. Drought hardening increased drought tolerance and adaptability in plants under G2 by enhancing growth and activating defensive mechanisms at the physio-biochemical and molecular levels. The findings of the study indicated that early drought stress exposure-induced acclimation (hardening), which enhanced tolerance to subsequent drought stress in wheat seedlings. The findings of this study will be useful in initiating a breeding program to develop wheat cultivars with improved drought tolerance. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02991-6.
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Drought stress-induced changes in redox metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Biol Futur 2021; 72:347-358. [PMID: 34554555 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, influence of water stress on redox metabolism was evaluated in the flag leaf and grains of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes viz DWRB 101, 432 ICARDA, Jyoti and 430 ICARDA at 10th, 20th and 30th days after anthesis (DAA). Relative water content, electrolyte leakage, antioxidative enzymes and their related metabolites were studied during drought stress. Relative water content was well maintained in both the tissues of DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA. The upregulation of catalase at 20th DAA while ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and dehydro reductase at 30th DAA in the flag leaf and grains of DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA may be responsible for lesser increase in H2O2 content as compared to other genotypes. Moreover, the downregulation of superoxide dismutase was comparatively higher in Jyoti and 430 ICARDA. The redox homeostasis was well established during the stress in DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA by maintaining comparatively higher ratios of ascorbate/dehydroascorbate and reduced/oxidized glutathione. Therefore, scrutiny of data indicated that DWRB 101 and 432 ICARDA may perform better under drought stress in comparison with Jyoti and 430 ICARDA.
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Conti V, Romi M, Parri S, Aloisi I, Marino G, Cai G, Cantini C. Morpho-Physiological Classification of Italian Tomato Cultivars ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) According to Drought Tolerance during Vegetative and Reproductive Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1826. [PMID: 34579359 PMCID: PMC8468351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation is fundamental for agriculture but, as climate change becomes more persistent, there is a need to conserve water and use it more efficiently. It is therefore crucial to identify cultivars that can tolerate drought. For economically relevant crops, such as tomatoes, this purpose takes on an even more incisive role and local agrobiodiversity is a large genetic reservoir of promising cultivars. In this study, nine local Italian cultivars of tomatoes plus four widely used commercial cultivars were considered. These experienced about 20 d of drought, either at vegetative or reproductive phase. Various physio-morphological parameters were monitored, such as stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis (A), water use efficiency (WUE), growth (GI) and soil water content (SWC). The different responses and behaviors allowed to divide the cultivars into three groups: tolerant, susceptible, and intermediate. The classification was also confirmed by a principal component analysis (PCA). The study, in addition to deepening the knowledge of local Italian tomato cultivars, reveals how some cultivars perform better under stress condition than commercial ones. Moreover, the different behavior depends on the genotype and on the growth phase of plants. In fact, the Perina cultivar is the most tolerant during vegetative growth while the Quarantino cultivar is mostly tolerant at reproductive stage. The results suggest that selection of cultivars could lead to a more sustainable agriculture and less wasteful irrigation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Romi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Sara Parri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Iris Aloisi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Marino
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.R.); (S.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Claudio Cantini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Bioeconomy (CNR-IBE), 58022 Follonica, Italy;
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Al-Ashkar I, Ibrahim A, Ghazy A, Attia K, Al-Ghamdi AA, Al-Dosary MA. Assessing the correlations and selection criteria between different traits in wheat salt-tolerant genotypes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5414-5427. [PMID: 34466123 PMCID: PMC8381045 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the largest stresses blocking horizontal and vertical expansion in agricultural lands. Establishing salt-tolerant genotypes is a promising method to benefit from poor water quality and salinized lands. An integrated method was developed for accomplishing reliable and effective evaluation of traits stability of salt-tolerant wheat. The study aims were to estimate the genetic relationships between explanatory traits and shoot dry matter (SDM), and determine the traits stability under three salinity levels. Morphophysiological and biochemical traits were evaluated as selection criteria for SDM improvement in wheat for salinity tolerance. Three cultivars and three high-yielding doubled haploid lines (DHLs) were used. Three salt (NaCl) levels (control (washed sand), 7 and 14 dS m-1) were applied for 45 days (at the first signs of death in the sensitive genotypes). All morphophysiological traits gradually decreased as salinity levels increased, excluding the number of roots. Decreases were more visible in sensitive genotypes than in tolerant genotypes. All biochemical traits increased as salinity levels increased. Variance inflation factors (VIFs) and condition number exhibited multicollinearity for membrane stability index and polyphenol oxidase activity. After their removal, all VIFs were <10, thereby increasing path coefficient accuracy. Total chlorophyll content (CHL) and catalase (CAT) provided significant direct effects regarding genetic and phenotypic correlations for the three salinity levels and their interactions in path analysis on SDM, indicating their stability. CHL and CAT had high heritability (>0.60%) and genetic gain (>20%) and highly significant genetic correlation, co-heritability, and selection efficiencies for SDM. CHL and CAT could be used as selection criteria for salinity tolerance in wheat-breeding programs. The tolerated line (DHL21) with the check cultivar (Sakha 93) can be also recommended as novel genetic resource for improving salinity tolerance of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Ibrahim
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhalim Ghazy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kotb Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, Pox 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah A. Al-Dosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Ashkar I, Al-Suhaibani N, Abdella K, Sallam M, Alotaibi M, Seleiman MF. Combining Genetic and Multidimensional Analyses to Identify Interpretive Traits Related to Water Shortage Tolerance as an Indirect Selection Tool for Detecting Genotypes of Drought Tolerance in Wheat Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:931. [PMID: 34066929 PMCID: PMC8148561 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Water shortages have direct adverse effects on wheat productivity and growth worldwide, vertically and horizontally. Productivity may be promoted using water shortage-tolerant wheat genotypes. High-throughput tools have supported plant breeders in increasing the rate of stability of the genetic gain of interpretive traits for wheat productivity through multidimensional technical methods. We used 27 agrophysiological interpretive traits for grain yield (GY) of 25 bread wheat genotypes under water shortage stress conditions for two seasons. Genetic parameters and multidimensional analyses were used to identify genetic and phenotypic variations of the wheat genotypes used, combining these strategies effectively to achieve a balance. Considerable high genotypic variations were observed for 27 traits. Eleven interpretive traits related to GY had combined high heritability (h2 > 60%) and genetic gain (>20%), compared to GY, which showed moderate values both for heritability (57.60%) and genetic gain (16.89%). It was determined that six out of eleven traits (dry leaf weight (DLW), canopy temperature (CT), relative water content (RWC), flag leaf area (FLA), green leaves area (GLA) and leaf area index (LAI)) loaded the highest onto PC1 and PC2 (with scores of >0.27), and five of them had a positive trend with GY, while the CT trait had a negative correlation determined by principal component analysis (PCA). Genetic parameters and multidimensional analyses (PCA, stepwise regression, and path coefficient) showed that CT, RWC, GLA, and LAI were the most important interpretive traits for GY. Selection based on these four interpretive traits might improve genetic gain for GY in environments that are vulnerable to water shortages. The membership index and clustering analysis based on these four traits were significantly correlated, with some deviation, and classified genotypes into five groups. Highly tolerant, tolerant, intermediate, sensitive and highly sensitive clusters represented six, eight, two, three and six genotypes, respectively. The conclusions drawn from the membership index and clustering analysis, signifying that there were clear separations between the water shortage tolerance groups, were confirmed through discriminant analysis. MANOVA indicated that there were considerable variations between the five water shortage tolerance groups. The tolerated genotypes (DHL02, DHL30, DHL26, Misr1, Pavone-76 and DHL08) can be recommended as interesting new genetic sources for water shortage-tolerant wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-S.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Nasser Al-Suhaibani
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-S.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Kamel Abdella
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-S.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Sallam
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-S.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Majed Alotaibi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-S.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.-S.); (K.A.); (M.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
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Mohi-Ud-Din M, Hossain MA, Rohman MM, Uddin MN, Haque MS, Ahmed JU, Hossain A, Hassan MM, Mostofa MG. Multivariate Analysis of Morpho-Physiological Traits Reveals Differential Drought Tolerance Potential of Bread Wheat Genotypes at the Seedling Stage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:879. [PMID: 33925375 PMCID: PMC8145240 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the foremost environmental stresses that can severely limit crop growth and productivity by disrupting various physiological processes. In this study, the drought tolerance potential of 127 diverse bread wheat genotypes was evaluated by imposing polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought followed by multivariate analysis of several growth-related attributes. Results showed significant variations in the mean values of different morpho-physiological traits due to PEG-induced drought effects. Correlation analysis revealed that most of the studied traits were significantly correlated among them. The robust hierarchical co-clustering indicated that all the genotypes were clustered into four major groups, with cluster 4 (26 genotypes) being, in general, drought-tolerant followed by cluster 1 (19 genotypes) whereas, cluster 2 (55 genotypes) and 3 (27 genotypes) being drought-sensitive. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) confirmed that around 90% of the genotypes were correctly assigned to clusters. Squared distance (D2) analysis indicated that the clusters differed significantly from each other. Principal component analysis (PCA) and genotype by trait biplot analysis showed that the first three components accounted for 71.6% of the total variation, with principal component (PC) 1 accounting for 35.4%, PC2 for 24.6% and PC3 for 11.6% of the total variation. Both PCA and LDA revealed that dry weights, tissue water content, cell membrane stability, leaf relative water content, root-shoot weight ratio and seedling vigor index played the most important discriminatory roles in explaining drought tolerance variations among 127 wheat genotypes. Our results conclude that the drought-tolerant and -sensitive wheat genotypes identified in this study would offer valuable genetic tools for further improvement of wheat productivity in arid and semi-arid regions during this time of unpredictable climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.-U.-D.); (M.N.U.); (M.S.H.)
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Alamgir Hossain
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.-U.-D.); (M.N.U.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Md. Motiar Rohman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Nesar Uddin
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.-U.-D.); (M.N.U.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Md. Sabibul Haque
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.M.-U.-D.); (M.N.U.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Jalal Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Akbar Hossain
- Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Lateef D, Mustafa K, Tahir N. Screening of Iraqi barley accessions under PEG-induced drought conditions. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1917456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Djshwar Lateef
- Biotechnology and Crop Sciences Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Kamil Mustafa
- Biotechnology and Crop Sciences Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Nawroz Tahir
- Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
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Alam MS, Tester M, Fiene G, Mousa MAA. Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:712. [PMID: 33917047 PMCID: PMC8067703 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental stresses for sustainable crop production in major arable lands of the globe. Thus, we conducted experiments with 27 tomato genotypes to screen for salinity tolerance at seedling stage, which were treated with non-salinized (S1) control (18.2 mM NaCl) and salinized (S2) (200 mM NaCl) irrigation water. In all genotypes, the elevated salinity treatment contributed to a major depression in morphological and physiological characteristics; however, a smaller decrease was found in certain tolerant genotypes. Principal component analyses (PCA) and clustering with percentage reduction in growth parameters and different salt tolerance indices classified the tomato accessions into five key clusters. In particular, the tolerant genotypes were assembled into one cluster. The growth and tolerance indices PCA also showed the order of salt-tolerance of the studied genotypes, where Saniora was the most tolerant genotype and P.Guyu was the most susceptible genotype. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for salt stress tolerance, we further characterized six tomato genotypes with varying levels of salinity tolerance. A higher increase in proline content, and antioxidants activities were observed for the salt-tolerant genotypes in comparison to the susceptible genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotypes identified in this work herald a promising source in the tomato improvement program or for grafting as scions with improved salinity tolerance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sarowar Alam
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriele Fiene
- Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.); (G.F.)
| | - Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Vegetables, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Dong T, Xi L, Xiong B, Qiu X, Huang S, Xu W, Wang J, Wang B, Yao Y, Duan C, Tang X, Sun G, Wang X, Deng H, Wang Z. Drought resistance in Harumi tangor seedlings grafted onto different rootstocks. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:529-541. [PMID: 33516276 DOI: 10.1071/fp20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study we analysed the influence of drought stress on the leaf morphological characteristics, osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzymes, and resistance-related photosynthetic physiological indices of Harumi tangor plants grafted onto Poncirus trifoliata (Pt), Citrus junos (Cj), and Citrus tangerine (Ct). The leaf relative water content and leaf area of the three rootstocks decreased with increasing drought stress, with the smallest decrease in Cj. The relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content increased with increasing drought stress. Proline, total soluble sugar, soluble protein, and activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase increased with drought stress but decreased under severe drought stress, with Cj exhibiting the greatest increase in enzyme activity. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll a and b content were all lower than those of the control, whereas intercellular CO2 concentration increased with increasing drought stress. The initial fluorescence and maximal quantum yield of PSII were approximately equal for all rootstocks but increased with increasing drought stress severity. The combined analysis of physiological indicators, membership function, and principal components indicated that the drought resistance of grafted H. tangor decreased in the order Cj > Ct > Pt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Xi
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjia Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bozhi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Changwen Duan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; and Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Honghong Deng
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; and Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China; and Corresponding author.
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Assessing the Effect of Drought on Winter Wheat Growth Using Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-Based Phenotyping. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13061144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drought significantly limits wheat productivity across the temporal and spatial domains. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has become an indispensable tool to collect refined spatial and high temporal resolution imagery data. A 2-year field study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 to determine the temporal effects of drought on canopy growth of winter wheat. Weekly UAS data were collected using red, green, and blue (RGB) and multispectral (MS) sensors over a yield trial consisting of 22 winter wheat cultivars in both irrigated and dryland environments. Raw-images were processed to compute canopy features such as canopy cover (CC) and canopy height (CH), and vegetation indices (VIs) such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Excess Green Index (ExG), and Normalized Difference Red-edge Index (NDRE). The drought was more severe in 2018 than in 2019 and the effects of growth differences across years and irrigation levels were visible in the UAS measurements. CC, CH, and VIs, measured during grain filling, were positively correlated with grain yield (r = 0.4–0.7, p < 0.05) in the dryland in both years. Yield was positively correlated with VIs in 2018 (r = 0.45–0.55, p < 0.05) in the irrigated environment, but the correlations were non-significant in 2019 (r = 0.1 to −0.4), except for CH. The study shows that high-throughput UAS data can be used to monitor the drought effects on wheat growth and productivity across the temporal and spatial domains.
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Gedam PA, Thangasamy A, Shirsat DV, Ghosh S, Bhagat KP, Sogam OA, Gupta AJ, Mahajan V, Soumia PS, Salunkhe VN, Khade YP, Gawande SJ, Hanjagi PS, Ramakrishnan RS, Singh M. Screening of Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Physiological and Yield Based Indices Through Multivariate Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:600371. [PMID: 33633759 PMCID: PMC7900547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.600371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a leading abiotic constraints for onion production globally. Breeding by using unique genetic resources for drought tolerance is a vital mitigation strategy. With a total of 100 onion genotypes were screened for drought tolerance using multivariate analysis. The experiment was conducted in a controlled rainout shelter for 2 years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 in a randomized block design with three replications and two treatments (control and drought stress). The plant was exposed to drought stress during the bulb development stage (i.e., 50-75 days after transplanting). The genotypes were screened on the basis of the drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), percent bulb yield reduction, and results of multivariate analysis viz. hierarchical cluster analysis by Ward's method, discriminate analysis and principal component analysis. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the tested genotypes and treatments for all the parameters studied, viz. phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes. Bulb yield was strongly positively correlated with membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and leaf area under drought stress. The genotypes were categorized into five groups namely, highly tolerant, tolerant, intermediate, sensitive, and highly sensitive based on genetic distance. Under drought conditions, clusters II and IV contained highly tolerant and highly sensitive genotypes, respectively. Tolerant genotypes, viz. Acc. 1656, Acc. 1658, W-009, and W-085, had higher DTE (>90%), fewer yield losses (<20%), and performed superiorly for different traits under drought stress. Acc. 1627 and Acc. 1639 were found to be highly drought-sensitive genotypes, with more than 70% yield loss. In biplot, the tolerant genotypes (Acc. 1656, Acc. 1658, W-085, W-009, W-397, W-396, W-414, and W-448) were positively associated with bulb yield, DTE, RWC, MSI, leaf area, and antioxidant enzyme activity under drought stress. The study thus identified tolerant genotypes with favorable adaptive traits that may be useful in onion breeding program for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Thangasamy
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | | | - Sourav Ghosh
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - K. P. Bhagat
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - Onkar A. Sogam
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - A. J. Gupta
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - V. Mahajan
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | - P. S. Soumia
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | | | - Yogesh P. Khade
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
| | | | - P. S. Hanjagi
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Major Singh
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, India
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Agro-Physiologic Responses and Stress-Related Gene Expression of Four Doubled Haploid Wheat Lines under Salinity Stress Conditions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010056. [PMID: 33466713 PMCID: PMC7828821 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Productivity of wheat can be enhanced using salt-tolerant genotypes. However, the assessment of salt tolerance potential in wheat through agro-physiological traits and stress-related gene expression analysis could potentially minimize the cost of breeding programs and be a powerful way for the selection of the most salt-tolerant genotype. The study evaluated the salt tolerance potential of four doubled haploid lines of wheat and compared them with the check cultivar Sakha-93 using an extensive set of agro-physiologic parameters and salt-stress-related gene expressions. The results indicated that the five genotypes tested displayed reduction in all traits evaluated except the canopy temperature and electrical conductivity, which had the greatest decline occurring in the check cultivar and the least decline in DHL2. The genotypes DHL21 and DHL5 exhibited increased expression rate of salt-stress-related genes under salt stress conditions. The multiple linear regression model and path coefficient analysis showed a coefficient of determination of 0.93. Concluding, the number of spikelets, and/or number of kernels were identified to be unbiased traits for assessing wheat DHLs under salinity conditions, given their contribution and direct impact on the grain yield. Moreover, the two most salt-tolerant genotypes DHL2 and DHL21 can be useful as genetic resources for future breeding programs. Abstract Salinity majorly hinders horizontal and vertical expansion in worldwide wheat production. Productivity can be enhanced using salt-tolerant wheat genotypes. However, the assessment of salt tolerance potential in bread wheat doubled haploid lines (DHL) through agro-physiological traits and stress-related gene expression analysis could potentially minimize the cost of breeding programs and be a powerful way for the selection of the most salt-tolerant genotype. We used an extensive set of agro-physiologic parameters and salt-stress-related gene expressions. Multivariate analysis was used to detect phenotypic and genetic variations of wheat genotypes more closely under salinity stress, and we analyzed how these strategies effectively balance each other. Four doubled haploid lines (DHLs) and the check cultivar (Sakha93) were evaluated in two salinity levels (without and 150 mM NaCl) until harvest. The five genotypes showed reduced growth under 150 mM NaCl; however, the check cultivar (Sakha93) died at the beginning of the flowering stage. Salt stress induced reduction traits, except the canopy temperature and initial electrical conductivity, which was found in each of the five genotypes, with the greatest decline occurring in the check cultivar (Sakha-93) and the least decline in DHL2. The genotypes DHL21 and DHL5 exhibited increased expression rate of salt-stress-related genes (TaNHX1, TaHKT1, and TaCAT1) compared with DHL2 and Sakha93 under salt stress conditions. Principle component analysis detection of the first two components explains 70.78% of the overall variation of all traits (28 out of 32 traits). A multiple linear regression model and path coefficient analysis showed a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.93. The models identified two interpretive variables, number of spikelets, and/or number of kernels, which can be unbiased traits for assessing wheat DHLs under salinity stress conditions, given their contribution and direct impact on the grain yield.
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Mahmood T, Abdullah M, Ahmar S, Yasir M, Iqbal MS, Yasir M, Ur Rehman S, Ahmed S, Rana RM, Ghafoor A, Nawaz Shah MK, Du X, Mora-Poblete F. Incredible Role of Osmotic Adjustment in Grain Yield Sustainability under Water Scarcity Conditions in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1208. [PMID: 32942703 PMCID: PMC7569908 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interrogations of local germplasm and landraces can offer a foundation and genetic basis for drought tolerance in wheat. Potential of drought tolerance in a panel of 30 wheat genotypes including varieties, local landraces, and wild crosses were explored under drought stress (DS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Considerable variation for an osmotic adjustment (OA) and yield components, coupled with genotype and environment interaction was observed, which indicates the differential potential of wheat genotypes under both conditions. Reduction in yield per plant (YP), thousand kernel weight (TKW), and induction of OA was detected. Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive association of YP with directly contributing yield components under both environments, indicating the impotence of these traits as a selection-criteria for the screening of drought-tolerant genotypes for drylands worldwide. Subsequently, the association of OA with TKW which contributes directly to YP, indicates that wheat attains OA to extract more water from the soil under low water-potential. Genotypes including WC-4, WC-8 and LLR-29 showed more TKW under both conditions, among them; LLR-29 also has maximum OA and batter yield comparatively. Result provides insight into the role of OA in plant yield sustainability under DS. In this study, we figure out the concept of OA and its incredible role in sustainable plant yield in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mahmood
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
- Crop Science Institute, Agronomy Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Cotton Research Institute, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Muhmmad Yasir
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
| | - Shoaib Ur Rehman
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
| | - Sulaiman Ahmed
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Rashid Mehmood Rana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan; (T.M.); (M.A.); (S.A.); (M.Y.); (M.S.I.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Xiongming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang (CAAS), Anyang 455000, China;
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Badr A, El-Shazly HH, Tarawneh RA, Börner A. Screening for Drought Tolerance in Maize ( Zea mays L.) Germplasm Using Germination and Seedling Traits under Simulated Drought Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E565. [PMID: 32365550 PMCID: PMC7284379 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maize is known to be susceptible to drought stress, which negatively affects vegetative growth and biomass production, as well as the formation of reproductive organs and yield parameters. In this study, 27 responsive traits of germination (G) and seedlings growth were evaluated for 40 accessions of the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) germplasm collection, under no stress and simulated drought stress treatments by 10%, 15%, and 20% of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The three treatments significantly reduced G% and retarded seedlings growth, particularly the 15% and 20% PEG treatments; these two treatments also resulted in a significant increase of abnormal seedlings (AS). The heritability (H2) and correlations of the traits were estimated, and drought tolerance indices (DTIs) were calculated for traits and accessions. The H2 of G% values were reduced, and H2 for AS% increased as the PEG stress increased. Positive correlations were found between most trait pairs, particularly shoot and root traits, with 48 highly significant correlations under no stress and 25 highly significant correlations under the 10% PEG treatments, particularly for shoot and root traits. The medium to high heritability of shoot and root seedling traits provides a sound basis for further genetic analyses. PCA analysis clearly grouped accessions with high DTIs together and the accessions with low DTIs together, indicating that the DTI indicates the stress tolerance level of maize germplasm. However, the resemblance in DTI values does not clearly reflect the origin or taxonomic assignments to subspecies and varieties of the examined accessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah Badr
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11790, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H. El-Shazly
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11341, Egypt;
| | - Rasha A. Tarawneh
- Gene Bank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany;
| | - Andreas Börner
- Gene Bank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany;
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Al-Ashkar I, Alderfasi A, Ben Romdhane W, Seleiman MF, El-Said RA, Al-Doss A. Morphological and Genetic Diversity within Salt Tolerance Detection in Eighteen Wheat Genotypes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E287. [PMID: 32106488 PMCID: PMC7154827 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major obstacle to wheat production worldwide. Salt-affected soils could be used by improving salt-tolerant genotypes depending upon the genetic variation and salt stress response of adapted and donor wheat germplasm. We used a comprehensive set of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker technique with multivariate analysis to accurately demonstrate the phenotypic and genetic variation of 18 wheat genotypes under salinity stress. All genotypes were evaluated without NaCl as a control and with 150 mM NaCl, until the onset of symptoms of death in the sensitive plant (after 43 days of salinity treatment). The results showed that the relative change of the genetic variation was high for all parameters, heritability (> 60%), and genetic gain (> 20%). Stepwise regression analysis, noting the importance of the root dry matter, relative turgidity, and their respective contributions to the shoot dry matter, indicated their relevance in improving and evaluating the salt-tolerant genotypes of breeding programs. The relative change of the genotypes in terms of the relative turgidity and shoot dry matter during salt stress was verified using clustering methods. For cluster analysis, the genotypes were classified into three groups: tolerant, intermediate, and sensitive, representing five, six, and seven genotypes, respectively. The morphological and genetic distances were significantly correlated based on the Mantel test. Of the 23 SSR markers that showed polymorphism, 17 were associated with almost all examined parameters. Therefore, based on the observed molecular marker-phenotypic trait association, the markers were highly useful in detecting tolerant and sensitive genotypes. Thus, it considers a helpful tool for salt tolerance through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Al-Ashkar
- Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (W.B.R.); or (M.F.S.); (A.A.-D.)
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Ali Alderfasi
- Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (W.B.R.); or (M.F.S.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (W.B.R.); or (M.F.S.); (A.A.-D.)
| | - Mahmoud F. Seleiman
- Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (W.B.R.); or (M.F.S.); (A.A.-D.)
- Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shibin El-kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Rania A. El-Said
- Biological and Ecological Department, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Tanta 31732, Egypt;
| | - Abdullah Al-Doss
- Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (W.B.R.); or (M.F.S.); (A.A.-D.)
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Grzesiak MT, Hordyńska N, Maksymowicz A, Grzesiak S, Szechyńska-Hebda M. Variation Among Spring Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Response to the Drought Stress. II-Root System Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E584. [PMID: 31817986 PMCID: PMC6963452 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study analyzed wheat morphological traits to assess the role of roots structure in the tolerance of drought and to recognize the mechanisms of root structure adjustment to dry soil environment. (2) Methods: Root-box and root-basket methods were applied to maintain an intact root system for analysis. (3) Results: Phenotypic differences among six genotypes with variable drought susceptibility index were found. Under drought, the resistant genotypes lowered their shoot-to-root ratio. Dry matter, number, length, and diameter of nodal and lateral roots were higher in drought-tolerant genotypes than in sensitive ones. The differences in the surface area of the roots were greater in the upper parts of the root system (in the soil layer between 0 and 15 cm) and resulted from the growth of roots of the tolerant plant at an angle of 0-30° and 30-60°. (4) Conclusions: Regulation of root bending in a more downward direction can be important but is not a priority in avoiding drought effects by tolerant plants. If this trait is reduced and accompanied by restricted root development in the upper part of the soil, it becomes a critical factor promoting plant sensitivity to water-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej T. Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanisław Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Plant Breeding and Acclimation Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
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Grzesiak MT, Hordyńska N, Maksymowicz A, Grzesiak S, Szechyńska-Hebda M. Variation Among Spring Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Response to the Drought Stress. II-Root System Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:plants8120584. [PMID: 31817986 DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2018.1550817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study analyzed wheat morphological traits to assess the role of roots structure in the tolerance of drought and to recognize the mechanisms of root structure adjustment to dry soil environment. (2) Methods: Root-box and root-basket methods were applied to maintain an intact root system for analysis. (3) Results: Phenotypic differences among six genotypes with variable drought susceptibility index were found. Under drought, the resistant genotypes lowered their shoot-to-root ratio. Dry matter, number, length, and diameter of nodal and lateral roots were higher in drought-tolerant genotypes than in sensitive ones. The differences in the surface area of the roots were greater in the upper parts of the root system (in the soil layer between 0 and 15 cm) and resulted from the growth of roots of the tolerant plant at an angle of 0-30° and 30-60°. (4) Conclusions: Regulation of root bending in a more downward direction can be important but is not a priority in avoiding drought effects by tolerant plants. If this trait is reduced and accompanied by restricted root development in the upper part of the soil, it becomes a critical factor promoting plant sensitivity to water-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej T Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisław Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
- Plant Breeding and Acclimation Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
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Abstract
Improving salt tolerance of genotypes requires a source of genetic variation and multiple accurate selection criteria for discriminating their salt tolerance. A combination of morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters and multivariate analysis was used to detect salt tolerance variation in 15 wheat lines developed by doubled haploid (DHL) technique. They were then compared with the salt-tolerant check cultivar Sakha 93. Salinity stress was investigated at three salinity levels (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) for 25 days. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all traits, as was high heritability (>60%) and genetic gain (>20%). Principal component analysis indicated the ability of nine traits (root number, root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, specific root length, relative water content, membrane stability index, and catalase) to identify differences in salinity tolerance among lines. Three traits (shoot length, shoot dry weight, and catalase) were indicative of salt-tolerance, indicating their importance in improving and evaluating salt tolerant genotypes for breeding programs. The salinity tolerance membership index based on these three traits classified one new line (DHL21) and the check cultivar (Sakha 93) as highly salt-tolerant, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5 as tolerant, and DHL23 and DHL12 as intermediate. Discriminant function analysis and MANOVA suggested differences among the five groups of tolerance. Among the donor genotypes, Sakha 93 remained the donor of choice for improving salinity tolerance during the seedling stage. The tolerated lines (DHL21, DHL25, DHL26, DHL2, DHL11, and DHL5) could be also recommended as useful and novel genetic resources for improving salinity tolerance of wheat in breeding programs.
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