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Rubinstein A, Kudryavtsev I, Malkova A, Mammedova J, Isakov D, Isakova-Sivak I, Kudlay D, Starshinova A. Sarcoidosis-related autoimmune inflammation in COVID-19 convalescent patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1271198. [PMID: 38179278 PMCID: PMC10765615 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1271198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are a large number of reports about the development of autoimmune conditions after COVID-19. Also, there have been cases of sarcoid-like granulomas in convalescents as a part of the post-COVID-19 syndrome. Since one of the etiological theories of sarcoidosis considers it to be an autoimmune disease, we decided to study changes in the adaptive humoral immune response in sarcoidosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection and to find out whether COVID-19 can provoke the development of sarcoidosis. This review discusses histological changes in lymphoid organs in sarcoidosis and COVID-19, changes in B cell subpopulations, T-follicular helper cells (Tfh), and T-follicular regulatory cells (Tfr), and analyzes various autoantibodies detected in these pathologies. Based on the data studied, we concluded that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause the development of autoimmune pathologies, in particular contributing to the onset of sarcoidosis in convalescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Rubinstein
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institution of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Annа Malkova
- Ariel University Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Dmitry Isakov
- First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- NRC Institute of Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Al Saihati HA, Hussein HAM, Thabet AA, Wardany AA, Mahmoud SY, Farrag ES, Mohamed TIA, Fathy SM, Elnosary ME, Sobhy A, Ahmed AE, El-Adly AM, El-Shenawy FS, Elsadek AA, Rayan A, Zahran ZAM, El-Badawy O, El-Naggar MGM, Afifi MM, Zahran AM. Memory T Cells Discrepancies in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2737. [PMID: 38004749 PMCID: PMC10673271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response implicated in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. The present study aimed to clarify the alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells' compartments in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, with an emphasis on various comorbidities affecting COVID-19 patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 35 COVID-19 patients, 16 recovered individuals, and 25 healthy controls, and analyzed using flow cytometry. Significant alterations were detected in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and effector memory-expressing CD45RA CD8+ T cells (TEMRA) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, altered percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, T effector (TEff), T naïve cells (TNs), T central memory (TCM), T effector memory (TEM), T stem cell memory (TSCM), and TEMRA T cells were significantly associated with the disease severity. Male patients had more CD8+ TSCMs and CD4+ TNs cells, while female patients had a significantly higher percentage of effector CD8+CD45RA+ T cells. Moreover, altered percentages of CD8+ TNs and memory CD8+CD45RO+ T cells were detected in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, respectively. In summary, this study identified alterations in memory T cells among COVID-19 patients, revealing a sex bias in the percentage of memory T cells. Moreover, COVID-19 severity and comorbidities have been linked to specific subsets of T memory cells which could be used as therapeutic, diagnostic, and protective targets for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajir A. Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.S.); (E.S.F.)
| | - Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Wardany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Sabry Y. Mahmoud
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Farrag
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.S.); (E.S.F.)
- Department of Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Taha I. A. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Samah M. Fathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed E. Elnosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.S.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Abdelazeem E. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.S.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Adly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Fareed S. El-Shenawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | | | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed G. M. El-Naggar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.G.M.E.-N.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Magdy M. Afifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.G.M.E.-N.); (A.M.Z.)
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Mohammadi B, Dua K, Saghafi M, Singh SK, Heydarifard Z, Zandi M. COVID-19-induced autoimmune thyroiditis: Exploring molecular mechanisms. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29001. [PMID: 37515444 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) damages multiple organs, including the thyroid, by direct invasion and cell entry via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or indirectly by promoting excessive inflammation in the body. The immune system is a critical factor in antiviral immunity and disease progression. In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immune system may become overly activated, resulting in a shift from regulatory to effector responses, which may subsequently promote the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. The incidence of autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as subacute thyroiditis, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, increases in individuals with COVID-19 infection. This phenomenon may be attributed to aberrant responses of T-cell subtypes, the presence of autoantibodies, impaired regulatory cell function, and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Therefore, insights into the immune responses involved in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease according to COVID-19 can help identify potential therapeutic approaches and guide the development of effective interventions to alleviate patients' symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Innovated Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Mohammadreza Saghafi
- Department of Immunology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Innovated Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Zahra Heydarifard
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- School of Medicine, Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Milad Zandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Starshinova A, Kudryavtsev I, Rubinstein A, Malkova A, Dovgaluk I, Kudlay D. Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Dually Affect Human Th17 Cell Immune Response. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2123. [PMID: 37626620 PMCID: PMC10452633 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection not only profoundly impacts the detection of tuberculosis infection (Tbc) but also affects modality in tuberculosis patient immune response. It is important to determine immune response alterations in latent tuberculosis infection as well as in SARS-CoV-2-infected tuberculosis patients. Such changes may have underlying effects on the development and course of further tuberculosis. Here, we aimed to review the characteristics of immune response in TB patients or convalescent COVID-19 patients with latent TB infection (LTBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the features of immune response in tuberculosis and COVID-19 patients. For this, we analyzed publications released from December 2019 to March 2023; those which were published in accessible international databases ("Medline", "PubMed", "Scopus") and with keywords such as "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "tuberculosis", "pulmonary tuberculosis", "latent tuberculosis infection", "Treg", "follicular Treg", and "Treg subsets", we considered. RESULTS Through our analysis, we found that tuberculosis patients who had been infected with COVID-19 previously and elevated Th1 and Th2 cell levels. High levels of Th1 and Th2 cells may serve as a positive marker, characterizing activated immune response during TB infection. COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 subjects showed decreased Th17 levels, indicating a lack of tuberculosis development. Moreover, the typical course of tuberculosis is associated with an increase in Treg level, but COVID-19 contributes to a hyperinflammatory response. CONCLUSION According to the data obtained, the course of tuberculosis proceeds in a dissimilar way due to the distinct immune response, elicited by SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, the development of active tuberculosis with a severe course is associated with a decline in Treg levels. Both pathogens lead to disturbed immune responses, increasing the risk of developing severe TB. The insights and findings of this paper may be used to improve the future management of individuals with latent and active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starshinova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Artem Rubinstein
- Department of Immunology, Institution of Experimental Medicine, 197022 St-Petersburg, Russia; (I.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Anna Malkova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Irina Dovgaluk
- Phthisiopulmonology Department, Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 St-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Kudlay
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115478 Moscow, Russia
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Hussein HAM, Thabet AAA, Mohamed TIA, Elnosary ME, Sobhy A, El-Adly AM, Wardany AA, Bakhiet EK, Afifi MM, Abdulraouf UM, Fathy S.M, Sayed NG, Zahran AM. Phenotypical changes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in COVID-19 patients: Correlation with disease status. Cent Eur J Immunol 2023; 48:97-110. [PMID: 37692025 PMCID: PMC10485691 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2023.129981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) play a crucial role in the context of viral infections and their associated diseases. The link between HSCs and HPCs and disease status in COVID-19 patients is largely unknown. This study aimed to monitor the kinetics and contributions of HSCs and HPCs in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients and to evaluate their diagnostic performance in differentiating between healthy and COVID-19 patients as well as severe and non-severe cases. Peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from 48 COVID-19 patients, 16 recovered, and 27 healthy controls and subjected to deep flow cytometric analysis to determine HSCs and progenitor cells. Their diagnostic value and correlation with C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin levels were determined. The percentages of HSCs and common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) declined significantly, while the percentage of multipotent progenitors (MPPs) increased significantly in COVID-19 patients. There were no significant differences in the percentages of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs) between all groups. Severe COVID-19 patients had a significantly low percentage of HSCs, CMPs, and GMPs compared to non-severe cases. Contrarily, the levels of CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin increased significantly in severe COVID-19 patients. MPPs and CMPs showed excellent diagnostic performance in distinguishing COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and severe from non-severe COVID-19 patients, respectively. Collectively, our study indicated that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are significantly altered by COVID-19 and could be used as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ali A. A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Taha I. A. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Elnosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Adly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Wardany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elsayed K. Bakhiet
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Magdy M. Afifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Usama M. Abdulraouf
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Samah . M. Fathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Noha G. Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Li C, Liu P, Yao H, Zhu H, Zhang S, Meng F, Li S, Li G, Peng Y, Gu J, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Dai A. Regulatory B cells protect against chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension by modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance. Immunology 2023; 168:580-596. [PMID: 36221236 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a progressive and lethal disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and obstructive vascular remodelling. Previous research demonstrated that Breg cells were involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. This work aimed to evaluate the regulatory function of Breg cells in HPH. HPH mice model were established and induced by exposing to chronic hypoxia for 21 days. Mice with HPH were treated with anti-CD22 or adoptive transferred of Breg cells. The coculture systems of Breg cells with CD4+ T cells and Breg cells with PASMCs in vitro were constructed. Lung pathology was evaluated by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining. The frequencies of Breg cells, Tfh cells and Tfr cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Serum IL-21 and IL-10 levels were determined by ELISA. Protein levels of Blimp-1, Bcl-6 and CTLA-4 were determined by western blot and RT-PCR. Proliferation rate of PASMCs was measured by EdU. Compared to the control group, mean PAP, RV/(LV + S) ratio, WA% and WT% were significantly increased in the model group. Anti-CD22 exacerbated abnormal hemodynamics, pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricle hypertrophy in HPH, which ameliorated by adoptive transfer of Breg cells into HPH mice. The proportion of Breg cells on day 7 induced by chronic hypoxia was significantly higher than control group, which significantly decreased on day 14 and day 21. The percentage of Tfh cells was significantly increased, while percentage of Tfr cells was significantly decreased in HPH than those of control group. Anti-CD22 treatment increased the percentage of Tfh cells and decreased the percentage of Tfr cells in HPH mice. However, Breg cells restrained the Tfh cells differentiation and expanded Tfr cells differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Breg cells inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs under hypoxic condition in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggested that Breg cells may be a new therapeutic target for modulating the Tfh/Tfr immune balance in HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Emergency, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Emergency Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Yao
- Department of General Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoze Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Meng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - San Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Asadpour-Behzadi A, Kariminik A, Kheirkhah B. MicroRNA-155 and 194 alter expression of Th17 and T regulatory-related transcription factors in the patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunobiology 2023; 228:152343. [PMID: 36750001 PMCID: PMC9883212 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been demonstrated that the patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) suffer from severe inflammation. Due to the ethnics, the immune responses may be different. Additionally, microRNAs may alter immune responses in the patients. The current study was aimed to evaluate the expression of T helper subsets-related transcription factors, some T helper 17 (Th17) products, and two microRNAs, including miR-155 and miR-194, in the Iranian hospitalized patients. METHODS In this study, T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), GATA binding protein 3, The retinoid orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-8, and CC ligand 20 (CCL20) mRNA levels and, miR-155 and miR-194 levels were evaluated in 70 patients suffered from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 70 healthy subjects using Real-Time qPCR technique. RESULTS The findings showed that RORγt, and FOXP3 mRNA levels were significantly increased, while IL-17A, IL-8, and CCL20 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Although the levels of miR-155 and miR-194 were not different between groups, miR-194 has negative and positive correlations with RORγt and IL-17A in the Iranian healthy controls. CONCLUSION This study reports although RORγt was up-regulated, IL-17A, IL-8, and CCL20 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in the hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. It may be concluded that up-regulation of FOXP3, via development of T regulatory lymphocytes suppresses Th17 functions and neutralizes Th17 activities. MiR-194 may play crucial roles in regulation of RORγt and IL-17A expression in healthy people, the phenomenon that is disrupted in the severe SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Babak Kheirkhah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Baft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Baft, Iran
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Zhu Q, Xu Y, Wang T, Xie F. Innate and adaptive immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection-Current perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1053437. [PMID: 36505489 PMCID: PMC9727711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic, caused by a novel coronavirus strain with strong infectivity, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the in-depth research, the close relationship between COVID-19 and immune system has been dug out. During the infection, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, Th1, Th17, Tfh cells and effector B cells are all involved in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses, however, the dysfunctional immune responses will ultimately lead to the excessive inflammation, acute lung injury, even other organ failure. Thus, a detailed understanding of pertinent immune response during COVID-19 will provide insights in predicting disease outcomes and developing appropriate therapeutic approaches. In this review, we mainly clarify the role of immune cells in COVID-19 and the target-vaccine development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiugang Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shangyu People’s Hospital of Shaoxing, Shaoxing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Feiting Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Feiting Xie,
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Elgenidy A, Awad AK, Saad K, Atef M, El-Leithy HH, Obiedallah AA, Hammad EM, Ahmad FA, Ali AM, Dailah HG, Elhoufey A, Taha SF. Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis of 124,597 children with diabetes. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1149-1160. [PMID: 35953513 PMCID: PMC9366798 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study will not only shed light on such life-threatening complications but also be a step to increase the awareness of healthcare providers about such complications in the upcoming pandemic waves and increased dependence on telemedicine. Thus, we aimed to further investigate the increase of DKA in pediatrics. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were broadly searched for studies assessing the incidence of DKA in pediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Our study included 24 papers with a total of 124,597 children with diabetes. A statistically significant increase occurred in the risk of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM patients during the pandemic (RR 1.41; 95% CI 1.19, 1.67; p < 0.01; I2 = 86%), especially in the severe form of DKA (RR 1.66: 95% CI 1.3, 2.11) when compared to before. CONCLUSION DKA in newly diagnosed children with T1DM has increased during the pandemic and presented with a severe form. This may reflect that COVID-19 may have contributed not only to the development but also the severity of DKA. IMPACT Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) that has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study included 25 papers with a total of 124,597 children with diabetes. A statistically significant increase occurred in the risk of DKA among newly diagnosed T1DM patients during the pandemic. Our findings reflect that COVID-19 may have an altered presentation in T1DM and can be related to DKA severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed K Awad
- Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Atef
- Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A Obiedallah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hammad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmad M Ali
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hamad Ghaleb Dailah
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Elhoufey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Alddrab University College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaher Fathy Taha
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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10
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El-Badawy O, Elsherbiny NM, Abdeltawab D, Magdy DM, Bakkar LM, Hassan SA, Hassan EA, Thabet AM, Ashmawy AM, Moustafa EF, Abbas WA, Ahmad AB, Rayan A, Saad K, Elhoufey A, Hussein HAM, Thabet AA, Zahran AM. COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Comorbidities: Clinical and Immunological Insight. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221107889. [PMID: 35698744 PMCID: PMC9201308 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Our study's objectives were to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics that may serve as biomarkers for predicting disease severity, IL-10 levels, and frequencies of different T cell subsets in comorbid COVID-19 patients. METHODS Sixty-two hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were assessed clinically and radiologically. Blood samples were collected to assess the T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and IL-10 levels by ELISA. RESULTS The most common comorbidities observed in COVID-19 patients were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and malignancies. Common symptoms and signs included fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, and sore throat. CRP, ferritin, D dimer, LDH, urea, creatinine, and direct bilirubin were significantly increased in patients than controls. Lymphocyte count and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were significantly decreased in comorbid COVID-19 patients, and CD25 and CD45RA expression were increased. CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in patients. CONCLUSIONS Many parameters were found to be predictive of severity in the comorbid patients in our study. Significant reductions in the levels and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were found. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were significant decreased in patients, probably pointing to a prominent role of CD8+ Tregs in dampening CD4+ T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahla M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdeltawab
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M. Magdy
- Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamees M. Bakkar
- Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Hassan
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elham A. Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Thabet
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehab F. Moustafa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael A. Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Bahieldeen Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Khaled Saad, Professor of Pediatrics,
Assiut University Children's Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Address: Assiut University
Children's Hospital, Assiut University Campus, 71111, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amira Elhoufey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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11
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Ghosh S, Leavenworth JW. Current Advances in Follicular Regulatory T-Cell Biology. Crit Rev Immunol 2022; 42:35-47. [PMID: 37017287 PMCID: PMC11034780 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2022045746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular regulatory T (TFR) cells are a population of CD4+ T-cells that concomitantly express markers for regulatory T-cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and have been predominantly implicated in the regulation of humoral immunity via their suppressive functions. Rapid and robust progress has been made in the field of TFR cell research since the discovery of this subset over a decade ago. However, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of TFR cells under various physiologic and pathologic settings. In this review article, we aim to highlight the most up-to-date concepts and investigations in both experimental animal models and human studies to provide a perspective on our understanding of TFR biology with particular emphasis on these cells in the context of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashib Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Jianmei W. Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- The O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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