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Al Saihati HA, Hussein HAM, Thabet AA, Wardany AA, Mahmoud SY, Farrag ES, Mohamed TIA, Fathy SM, Elnosary ME, Sobhy A, Ahmed AE, El-Adly AM, El-Shenawy FS, Elsadek AA, Rayan A, Zahran ZAM, El-Badawy O, El-Naggar MGM, Afifi MM, Zahran AM. Memory T Cells Discrepancies in COVID-19 Patients. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2737. [PMID: 38004749 PMCID: PMC10673271 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune response implicated in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. The present study aimed to clarify the alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells' compartments in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, with an emphasis on various comorbidities affecting COVID-19 patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 35 COVID-19 patients, 16 recovered individuals, and 25 healthy controls, and analyzed using flow cytometry. Significant alterations were detected in the percentage of CD8+ T cells and effector memory-expressing CD45RA CD8+ T cells (TEMRA) in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Interestingly, altered percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, T effector (TEff), T naïve cells (TNs), T central memory (TCM), T effector memory (TEM), T stem cell memory (TSCM), and TEMRA T cells were significantly associated with the disease severity. Male patients had more CD8+ TSCMs and CD4+ TNs cells, while female patients had a significantly higher percentage of effector CD8+CD45RA+ T cells. Moreover, altered percentages of CD8+ TNs and memory CD8+CD45RO+ T cells were detected in diabetic and non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, respectively. In summary, this study identified alterations in memory T cells among COVID-19 patients, revealing a sex bias in the percentage of memory T cells. Moreover, COVID-19 severity and comorbidities have been linked to specific subsets of T memory cells which could be used as therapeutic, diagnostic, and protective targets for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajir A. Al Saihati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.S.); (E.S.F.)
| | - Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Wardany
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Sabry Y. Mahmoud
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Farrag
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.A.S.); (E.S.F.)
- Department of Microbiology, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Taha I. A. Mohamed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Samah M. Fathy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed E. Elnosary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.S.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Abdelazeem E. Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.S.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Adly
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | - Fareed S. El-Shenawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.A.W.); (T.I.A.M.); (A.M.E.-A.); (F.S.E.-S.)
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | | | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed G. M. El-Naggar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.G.M.E.-N.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Magdy M. Afifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt; (M.E.E.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (M.G.M.E.-N.); (A.M.Z.)
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Rayan A, Shahine MS, Rezk K, Zahran AM, Aboshanif MM, Gamal DA. The dogma of cetuximab in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck after failure of surgery and radiotherapy: is it true among patients in upper Egypt? Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1611. [PMID: 38414964 PMCID: PMC10898904 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aim We aimed from the current study to explore the treatment results of cetuximab in combination with a weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel regimen in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) after failure of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods This study was a non-randomised, single arm, phase 2 efficacy study conducted in two oncology centres in upper Egypt, we recruited 31 patients with recurrent HNSCC previously treated with concurrent chemoradiation ± surgery to receive weekly cetuximab, carboplatin and paclitaxel for 18 weeks followed by maintenance cetuximab every 2 weeks for 12 months. All patients underwent intention to treat analysis. Results The current study revealed a significant reduction of the size of recurrent primary lesion (p < 0.001), without comparable significant reduction of regional lymph nodes (LNs) (p = 0.06), the current overall response rate (ORR) was 83.9%, ≥1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 58.1%, also surgical intervention was succeeded to salvage 32.3% who did not achieve complete response to the current protocol, the median PFS was 12 months which was significantly affected by tumour site (p = 0.012), programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) expression (p = 0.01) and overall response rate (ORR) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Based on favourable treatment outcomes, including high ORR and disease control rate, improved median PFS and tolerable toxicity profile, the current weekly cetuximab, carboplatin and paclitaxel with 1 year maintenance cetuximab in responding patients is considered a feasible and effective regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5995-9177
| | - Mohammed S Shahine
- Maxillofacial Surgery, General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Khalid Rezk
- Surgical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa A Gamal
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Osman HA, Nafady-Hego H, Nasif KA, Ahmed HA, Mahmoud EAR, Abass NM, Rayan A, Mahmoud MA, Nafady A. Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Surface Markers Evaluation in Different Stages of Hepatocellular Carcinoma; in a Trial for Early and Accurate Diagnosis in Patients with Post-Hepatitis Liver Cirrhosis and Unremarkable Raised AFP. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:1047-1058. [PMID: 36987406 PMCID: PMC10040161 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s404914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HCC is frequently diagnosed late, when only palliative treatment is available. So, we try to use different immunological markers to identify early HCC in patients with unremarkable raised AFP. Methods This study was conducted on 112 participants divided into two equal groups: Group I, 56 patients with liver cirrhosis and different stages of HCC; Group II, 56 patients with liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis of HCC was based on AASLD guidelines. TNM and BCLC classification systems are used for staging of HCC. Results A significant reduction in the median percentage of lymphocyte subset (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+) and NK cell percentage (CD56+) has been detected in HCC patients (all P < 0.001). In the HCC group the median monocyte subpopulations CD14+ CD16- Classical, CD14++ CD16+ Intermediate, and CD14-+ CD16++ Non-Classical were 11.7, 4.0, and 3.5, respectively, with marked reduction compared with liver cirrhosis group (all P < 0.001). Patients with advanced stages (BCLC C and D) were more likely to have significantly higher median CD33+ than patients with early stages (BCLC A and B) (P = 0.05); also, the median levels of HLA DR+ lymphocytes % in the HCC case group were 21.8 in patients with advanced disease (BCLC C and D) and 13.1 in patients with early stages of the disease (P = 0.04). Patients with late stage (TNM III) were more likely to have significantly higher median CD14+ CD16- Classical monocyte subset, CD36+ HLA DR+, and CD36+ CD16- than patients with early stages (TNM I and II). Conclusion Patients with HCC with unremarkable raised AFP showed marked reduction in lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and all monocyte subpopulations. In addition, patients with advanced HCC showed increased CD33+ and HLA DR+ lymphocytes %, CD14+ CD16- Classical monocyte subset, CD36+ HLA DR+, and CD36+ CD16- compared with patients with early stages of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ahmed Osman
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
- Correspondence: Heba Ahmed Osman, Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, Email ;
| | - Hanaa Nafady-Hego
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid Ali Nasif
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Sohag Faculty of Medicine Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Noher Mohamad Abass
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Nafady
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Rayan A, Soliman A. Applying a neoscore in locally advanced rectal cancer is beneficial in predicting local recurrences after surgery. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285709. [PMID: 37172066 PMCID: PMC10180662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The current study was undertaken to provide more detailed prognostic models for early prediction of local recurrences and local recurrence free survival (RFS) using different radiologic and pathologic features of locally advanced rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT). METHODS One hundred patients with locally advanced rectal carcinomas decided to receive neoadjuvant CRT were retrospectively recruited, Hazard ratios (HR) were determined in the two cox regression models and only significant ratios were considered for pointing, Models were built to determine their important effects of different predictors including: pathologic T (T), pathologic N (N), grade (G), clinical stage (cTNM), site (S), perineural invasion (PNI), and response to CRT (R) on 3-year RFS, goodness of performance of each model was measured by Harrell's C index. RESULTS HR of 1st group of models: T+N, T+N+G, T+N+G+S, T+N+G+S+PNI, and T+N+G+S+PNI+R were summated and categorized into scores, these scores were significantly correlated with the risk of recurrence (Somer's D = 0.5, p<0.0001) & Harrell's C index = 0.751, (Somer's D = 0.6, p<0.0001) & its Harrell's C index = 0.794, (Somer's D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.826, Somer's D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.827, and (Somer's D = 0.7, p<0.0001) & C index = 0.843 respectively. The 2nd group of models including: cTNM stage, cTNM+G, cTNM+G+S, cTNM+G+S+PNI, cTNM+G+S+PNI+R scores which were significantly correlated with the HR of LRR (Somer's D = 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.6, & 0.6 respectively), (p = 0.006, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001 respectively), the corresponding Harrell's C indices were 0.595, 0.743, 0.782, 0.795, & 0.813 respectively. CONCLUSION We propose that the addition of biologic factors to staging of rectal cancer provide precise stratification and association with local recurrences in patients received preoperative CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Saad ESP, Bakri HM, Rayan A, Barakat D, Khalel MM. Eye metastasis in breast cancer: case report and review of literature. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 16:1353. [PMID: 35510138 PMCID: PMC9023307 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2022.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of breast cancer management has been revolutionised, resulting in prolonged survival that echoes an increasing incidence of metastasis in uncommon sites. With orbital metastases – despite being rare – the incidence scales up to 13% of breast cancer cases with no specific management guidelines. We report a case of a 31-year-old luminal B breast cancer patient who initially presented with T2N2M0 disease and received six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) 600 mg/m2 IV, Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 IV, Cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 IV), followed by radiotherapy (RTH) and adjuvant Tamoxifen. Two years later, the patient experienced successive bone metastasis, so she received several lines of endocrine therapy as Fulvestrant and aromatase inhibitors in combination with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues. Later on, she presented with right eye ptosis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a soft tissue mass in the superior and lateral rectus muscles. The patient received six cycles of chemotherapy with no improvement. Further disease progression occurred 3 months later, so the patient received palliative RTH resulting in no response. One month later, the patient was deceased, secondary to progressive disease. With the rising incidence of ocular metastasis due to breast cancer, oncologists should be aware of symptoms and use the proper diagnostic modalities. Here we provide a literature review on similar cases and discuss possible treatment modalities for those patients. The main concern is to evaluate the need for chemotherapy in such cases in the presence of highly effective endocrinal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ereny Samwel Poles Saad
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Kornish Al Ibrahimeya, Asyut Second, Assiut Governorate, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - HebatAllah Mahmoud Bakri
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Kornish Al Ibrahimeya, Asyut Second, Assiut Governorate, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Kornish Al Ibrahimeya, Asyut Second, Assiut Governorate, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Dina Barakat
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Kornish Al Ibrahimeya, Asyut Second, Assiut Governorate, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mariam Mohsen Khalel
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Kornish Al Ibrahimeya, Asyut Second, Assiut Governorate, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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El-Badawy O, Elsherbiny NM, Abdeltawab D, Magdy DM, Bakkar LM, Hassan SA, Hassan EA, Thabet AM, Ashmawy AM, Moustafa EF, Abbas WA, Ahmad AB, Rayan A, Saad K, Elhoufey A, Hussein HAM, Thabet AA, Zahran AM. COVID-19 Infection in Patients with Comorbidities: Clinical and Immunological Insight. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2022; 28:10760296221107889. [PMID: 35698744 PMCID: PMC9201308 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Our study's objectives were to study the clinical and laboratory characteristics that may serve as biomarkers for predicting disease severity, IL-10 levels, and frequencies of different T cell subsets in comorbid COVID-19 patients. METHODS Sixty-two hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were assessed clinically and radiologically. Blood samples were collected to assess the T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and IL-10 levels by ELISA. RESULTS The most common comorbidities observed in COVID-19 patients were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and malignancies. Common symptoms and signs included fever, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, and sore throat. CRP, ferritin, D dimer, LDH, urea, creatinine, and direct bilirubin were significantly increased in patients than controls. Lymphocyte count and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were significantly decreased in comorbid COVID-19 patients, and CD25 and CD45RA expression were increased. CD4+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased in patients. CONCLUSIONS Many parameters were found to be predictive of severity in the comorbid patients in our study. Significant reductions in the levels and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells were found. In addition, CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs were significant decreased in patients, probably pointing to a prominent role of CD8+ Tregs in dampening CD4+ T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nahla M. Elsherbiny
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdeltawab
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa M. Magdy
- Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamees M. Bakkar
- Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Hassan
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elham A. Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Thabet
- Department of Anesthesia and ICU, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehab F. Moustafa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael A. Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Bahieldeen Ahmad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Critical Care Unit, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Khaled Saad, Professor of Pediatrics,
Assiut University Children's Hospital, Assiut, Egypt. Address: Assiut University
Children's Hospital, Assiut University Campus, 71111, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Amira Elhoufey
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hosni A. M. Hussein
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Thabet
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Zahran ZAM, Rayan A. Microparticles and PD1 interplay added a prognostic impact in treatment outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17681. [PMID: 34480060 PMCID: PMC8417279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple myeloma (MM) is still considered as an incurable disease by current standards, the development of several combination therapies, and immunotherapy approaches has raised the hope towards transforming MM into an indolent, chronic disease, and possibly achieving a cure. We tried to shed light on the expression of PD1 and different Microparticles (MPs) in MM and their interplay as a mechanism of resistance to standardized treatments, in addition, find their associations with prognostic factors of symptomatic MM. Thirty patients with newly diagnosed and chemotherapy naïve active MM, along with 19 healthy participants of comparable age and sex were recruited, after diagnosis of MM; blood samples were collected from both patients and controls for flow cytometric detection of CD4+, CD8+, CD4+PD1+, and CD8+PD1+T cells, total MPs, CD138+ MPs, and platelet MPs. MM patients had statistically significant higher levels of TMPs, CD138+ MPs compared to their controls, while PMPs exhibited no significant difference between both groups. Statistically significant higher percentages of CD8+, PD1CD8+, PD1CD4+T cells were detected in patients compared to controls, while the latter group had a significantly higher percentage of CD4+T cells than MM patients, patients who did not achieve complete response, had significantly higher percentages of PMPs, CD138+MPs, PD1+CD8+, PD1+CD4+, and CD8+T cells (cutoff values = 61, 10.6, 13.5, 11.3 and 20.1 respectively), (p-values = 0.002, 0.003, 0.017, 0.001 and 0.008 respectively). Microparticles and PD1 expressions were associated with proliferative potential and resistance to Bortezomib-based treatments, our results suggested that they played a crucial role in myeloma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Zahran AM, Riad KF, Elsayh KI, Elmasry HM, Rayan A. Role of pretreatment inflammatory indicators in pediatric acute leukemias; where do we stand? A prospective cohort study. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:553-564. [PMID: 32986662 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM There is a limited data at the moment regarding the clinical value of inflammatory indices and malnutrition markers in children with acute leukemias. We have examined the usefulness of prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), Prognostic Index (PI), monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte (PLR) ratios to stratify patients as regards the response to induction therapy correlating them to different prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children with acute leukemia and without microbial-induced inflammation at the time of diagnosis were prospectively recruited. Preliminary total and differential CBC, c-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin (ALB) were used to calculate different inflammatory indicators including NLR, MLR, PLR, PNI, GPS, and PI. RESULTS Higher PNI was significantly more associated to children who achieved remission as compared to those without remission (p< 0.0001). Patients without remission had GPS 1 or 2 compared to GPS 0 or 1 in those who entered remission (p= 0.001). NLR was significantly lower in patients in remission than in those without remission (p= 0.005). Similarly, complete remission was significantly associated to MLR ⩽ 0.45 as compared to MLR > 0.45 (p< 0.0001). CONCLUSION Pretreatment PNI, GPS, CRP, serum albumin, NLR, MLR, and PLR are remission promising prognostic markers in pediatric acute leukemias, which deserve to be further investigated in large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid F Riad
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Pediatric Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elmasry
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, El-Badawy O, Kamel LM, Rayan A, Rezk K, Abdel-Rahim MH. Accumulation of Regulatory T Cells in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Can Boost Immune Disruption. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6019-6029. [PMID: 34377021 PMCID: PMC8349183 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s285128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The present study was conducted to evaluate the number of Tregs in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), in normal breast parenchyma and in the peripheral blood of these patients and controls, in addition to their correlations with the clinico-pathologic features and the outcomes of TNBC. Methods Thirty adult treatment-naïve women with non-metastatic TNBC were recruited. In addition, 20 ages matched healthy females participated as a control group. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants in tubes containing heparin, fresh tumor tissues were also obtained from all patients undergoing surgery, and 20 normal breast tissue samples were obtained from the same patients’ areas adjacent to the safety margins; all these samples were taken for flow cytometric detection of Tregs. Results The mean percentages of CD4+CD25+highT cells and Tregs were higher in TNBC peripheral blood than healthy controls and in malignant tissue than normal tissue. Moreover, the frequencies of tumor-infiltrating CD4+T cells and Tregs were exceeding those in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. Only tumor-infiltrating Tregs have shown increasing levels with the increase in the tumor size and were significantly higher in patients with local recurrences than those without recurrence. In addition, Tregs showed significant inverse relation with DFS and direct relation with the level of the peripheral Tregs. Conclusion The findings of the current study support the possibility that TNBC microenvironment conveys specific characteristics on Tregs distinguishing them from those in normal breast tissue or Tregs in peripheral blood, improving the capabilities of tumor-infiltrating Tregs to enhance tumor growth, local recurrence and reduce the DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid Rezk
- Surgical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona H Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Shibl A, Rayan A, Mohamed MAEH, Osman AMM, Saad K, Mahmoud KH, Ghandour AMA, Elsayh KI, El-Badawy O. Increase in polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T-cells in children with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15039. [PMID: 34294814 PMCID: PMC8298505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to evaluate the levels of MDSCs and Tregs in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), their relation to patients' clinical and laboratory features, and the impact of these cells on the induction response. This study included 31 pediatric B-ALL patients and 27 healthy controls. All patients were treated according to the protocols of the modified St. Jude Children's Research Hospital total therapy study XIIIB for ALL. Levels of MDSCs and Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry. We observed a reduction in the levels of CD4 + T-cells and an increase in both the polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs) and Tregs. The frequencies of PMN-MDSCs and Tregs were directly related to the levels of peripheral and bone marrow blast cells and CD34 + cells. Complete postinduction remission was associated with reduced percentages of PMN-MDSCs and Tregs, with the level of PMN-MDCs in this subpopulation approaching that of healthy controls. PMN-MDSCs and Tregs jointly play a critical role in maintaining an immune-suppressive state suitable for B-ALL tumor progression. Thereby, they could be independent predictors of B-ALL progress, and finely targeting both PMN-MDSCs and Tregs may be a promising approach for the treatment of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza Shibl
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | | | - Amira M M Osman
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled Saad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Aliaa M A Ghandour
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid I Elsayh
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Shaltout AS, Fakhry H, Khallaf SM, Abdel Fattah ON, Temerik DF, Rayan A. Prognostic Significance of Circulating CD28 Negative Suppressor T Cells and Memory B Cells in Patients with Breast Cancer. Iran J Immunol 2021; 17:95-110. [PMID: 32602464 DOI: 10.22034/iji.2020.83420.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that routine assessment and quantification of different lymphocyte subsets can provide clinically meaningful prognostic information in breast cancer (BC). OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and pathological parameters and response to therapy in patients with BC. METHODS Thirty patients with operable breast cancer treated surgically with either modified radical mastectomy or breast conservative surgery, and 20 healthy controls were included. For detection of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood; Fluorochrome-labeled monoclonal antibodies were used andcells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Patients were treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal treatment, and followed up to determine relapse and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS Significant differences were found in the frequencies of B, T, NK, NKT, and CD28‒T cells between patients with BC and controls. Moreover, a significant difference was found in the percentage of CD8+CD28‒ T cells between patients with different pathologic subtypes of BC and negative correlations were observed between the frequency of CD8+CD28‒T cells and memory B cells, and RFS. Also, a significant difference in the frequency of naïve B cells was found in patients with different tumor grades and a negative correlation was found between the frequencies of B cells and NKT cells. CONCLUSION NK, NKT, lymphocytes, and CD28‒ T cells significantly differed between healthy controls and BC patients. Also, memory B cells were associated with good response to treatment while CD28‒ T cells were associated with shorter RFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, El-Badawy O, Ali WA, Mahran ZG, Mahran EEMO, Rayan A. Circulating microparticles and activated platelets as novel prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19; relation to cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246806. [PMID: 33617530 PMCID: PMC7899358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The study aimed to determine whether the MPs levels and platelet activation are affected by the COVID-19 infection in both malignant and non-malignant patients compared to healthy individuals and define their contribution to the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and the relation of these MPs to other hematologic parameters. Patients and methods We recruited 23 malignant patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19, also, 19 COVID-19 non-malignant patients, and 20 healthy volunteers were also enrolled for comparison. Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy donors into 5 mL vacutainer tube containing 3.5% buffered sodium citrate solution for measurement of total microparticles (TMPs), platelet microparticles (PMPs), endothelial microparticles (EMPs), CD62 activated platelets, and CD41 platelet marker. Results COVID-19 malignant patients had significantly lower hemoglobin and platelets compared to COVID non-malignant ones, while they had significantly higher C-reactive protein, LDH, AST, Albunim, creatinine, and prognostic index (PI) compared to COVID-19 non-malignant patients. significant accumulations of TMPs, PMPs, EMPs, and activated platelets in COVID-19 affected patients compared to healthy controls. TMPs, and EMPs were significantly accumulated in COVID-19 malignant compared to COVID-19 non-malignant patients with no significant difference in PMPs between both. Conclusion Circulating MPs and activated platelets may be promising novel prognostic biomarkers capable of identifying potentially severe COVID-19 patients who require immediate care especially in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wageeh A. Ali
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zainab Gaber Mahran
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Essam Eldeen M. O. Mahran
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- * E-mail: ,
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Zahran AM, Hetta HF, Zahran ZAM, Rashad A, Rayan A, Mohamed DO, Elhameed ZAA, Khallaf SM, Batiha GES, Waheed Y, Muhammad K, Nafady-Hego H. Prognostic Role of Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Relation to Different Hematologic Indices. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:3241150. [PMID: 34671684 PMCID: PMC8523286 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3241150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
METHODS We recruited 40 cases of advanced NSCLC, stages III and IV, aged > 18-<70 years old, and eligible to receive chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, along with 20 healthy controls of comparable age and sex; after diagnosis and staging of patients, blood samples were collected for flow cytometric detection of Mo-MDSCs. RESULTS Significant accumulation of Mo-MDSCs in patients compared to their controls (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, these cells accumulated significantly in stage IV compared to stage III (p = 0.006) and correlated negatively with overall survival (r = -0.471, p = 0.002), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (r = -0.446, p = 0.004), and mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC) (r = -0.464, p = 0.003), patients with Mo-MDSCs < 13% had significantly better survival than those with Mo-MDSCs ≥ 13% (p = 0.041). CONCLUSION Mo-MDSCs represent one of the key mechanisms in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to play major roles not only in the carcinogenesis of lung cancer but also in disease progression and prognosis and, in addition, predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; our results provided some support to target Mo-MDSCs and needed to be augmented by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- 1Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Rashad
- 4Department of Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- 5Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Dalia O. Mohamed
- 6Radiation Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - Salah M. Khallaf
- 7Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- 8Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour City, Egypt
| | - Yasir Waheed
- 9Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Muhammad
- 10Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Hanaa Nafady-Hego
- 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Soliman AHM, Zaki NN, Fathy HM, Mohamed AA, Ezzat MA, Rayan A. Genetic polymorphisms in XRCC1, OGG1, and XRCC3 DNA repair genes and DNA damage in radiotherapy workers. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:43786-43799. [PMID: 32740834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage may develop at any dose of ionizing radiation. DNA damage activates pathways that regulate cell growth and division or coordinate its replication and repair. The repair pathways, base excision repair (BER) and single-strand break repair (SSBR), can repair such damages efficiently and maintain genome integrity. Loss of this repair process or alteration of its control will be associated with serious outcomes for cells and individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between XRCC1 (Arg194Trp, Arg280His, and Arg399Gln), OGG1 (Ser326Cys), and XRCC3 (Thr241Met) SNPs and DNA damage and to identify high-risk individuals with reduced DNA repair capacity. This case-control study was conducted on 80 subjects; 50 subjects working in Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department in Assiut University Hospital along with 30 controls. A total of 1 mL blood samples were collected for Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis Technique (Comet Assay) for detection of DNA damage in those subjects. A total of 3 mL fresh blood samples were collected and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based technique. DNA damage detected by comet test was significantly high in IR-exposed workers than control. Statistically high significant difference was found in exposed subjects versus control subjects regarding the frequencies of the variant alleles of hOGG1326, XRCC1280 & 399, and XRCC3241. The level of DNA damage was not affected by OGG1326 SNPs when comparing subjects of wild genotype with those of (pooled) variants either in the exposed staff or in the control group while XRCC1280, 399 and XRCC3241 variant alleles had an influence on the studied DNA damage biomarker. Moreover, genotyping distribution pattern was highly variable in relation to gender. The present study indicated a relationship between DNA damage detected by comet test and single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding for DNA certain repair enzymes. Individuals occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation could be at great risk and more susceptible to the increased DNA damage if they have inherited genetic polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa H M Soliman
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nasef N Zaki
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala M Fathy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aml A Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Zahran AM, Hetta HF, Mansour S, Saad ES, Rayan A. Reviving up dendritic cells can run cancer immune wheel in non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective two-arm study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:733-742. [PMID: 32918587 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths. Dendritic cells (DCs) are heterogeneous components of innate immunity that play a crucial role in the anti-tumor T cell immunity and may represent a promising approach for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of the two major subsets of DCs; plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and monocytic dendritic cells (mDCs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NCSLC) and correlating them with different clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a case-controlled one, included 50 patients with denovo pathologically confirmed NSCLC and 20 healthy controls of comparable age and gender. After diagnosis and staging of patients, the frequency of DCs was evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS We unveiled significantly reduced levels of pDCs (P = 0.024), and mDCs (P = 0.013) in NSCLC patients compared to controls. Furthermore, there was a significant accumulation of pDCs in non-metastatic patients compared to metastatic ones (P < 0.0001), while there was no significant (P = 0.6) differences in mDCs, and mDCs/pDCs ratio (P = 0.9). There was a Significant negative correlation (r = - 0.3, P = 0.04) between OS and mDCs. On the other hand, there was a significantly higher OS with pDCs ≥ 0.82 compared to patients with pDCs < 0.82, log rank Ch2 = 12.128, P < 0.0001. CONCLUSION Despite the controversy about the prognostic role of pDCs not only in NSCLC but also in other solid tumors, our study sheds light on the possible prognostic impact of pDCs and mDCs on treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.
| | - Shimaa Mansour
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Ereny S Saad
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
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Rayan A, Abdel-Kareem S, Hasan H, Zahran AM, Gamal DA. Hypofractionated radiation therapy with temozolomide versus standard chemoradiation in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): A prospective, single institution experience. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:890-898. [PMID: 32982596 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM the study aimed to determine whether hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) with simultaneous and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) was feasible and could provide adequate disease control in primary GBM patients with poor prognostic factors including large tumor size, poor performance status, unresectable or multifocal lesions, poor imaging and inflammatory indices. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 93 patients with glioblastoma multiforme were collected and distributed randomly as 1:1.7 of cases to controls; cases or arm (I) received HFRT with 45 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks concurrently with TMZ. Controls or arm (II) received standard conventional fractionation radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks concurrently with TMZ. RESULTS 35 patients were recruited in arm I while 58 patients in arm II with significant difference in site of GBM, pattern of enhancement, type of surgery, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, while no significant differences in tumor size, focality, responses, progression free survival, and overall survival (OS), only the type of surgery was an independent predictor for OS, no significant difference in the type and degree of toxicity between both arms. CONCLUSION Our results showed that HFRT with concurrent TMZ is a feasible therapeutic approach in patients with GBM, especially those with poor prognostic factors, assuring high treatment compliance and low toxicity rates. Dose escalation and reduction in overall treatment time are clear advantages of HFRT, while at least the same survival rates as conventional fractionated RT are maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Samya Abdel-Kareem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Huda Hasan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Gamal
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Saad E, Rayan A. P-353 Colorectal cancer liver metastases challenges and potential opportunities: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zahran AM, Hetta HF, Rayan A, Eldin AS, Hassan EA, Fakhry H, Soliman A, El-Badawy O. Differential expression of Tim-3, PD-1, and CCR5 on peripheral T and B lymphocytes in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and their impact on treatment outcomes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1253-1263. [PMID: 32170378 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Activation of the immune checkpoints and expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors have been reported to promote HCC progression. This study aimed to assess the differential expression of Tim-3, PD-1, and CCR5 on peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with HCV-related HCC and correlate their expression with the treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study incorporated 40 patients with chronic HCV-related HCC and 40 healthy controls. Patients were radiologically assessed for hepatic focal lesions and portal vein thrombosis. Response to HCC treatment and overall survival (OS) outcomes were determined. The expression of Tim-3, PD-1, and CCR5 among CD19+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Higher frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ cells expressing each of Tim-3 and PD-1 and PD-1+CD19+ cells were observed in the HCV-related HCC patients in comparison with controls. The highest expression of Tim-3 and PD-1 was by the CD8+ cells. Strong relations were detected among PD-1+CD19+, PD-1+CD4+ and PD-1+CD8+ cells. Elevated levels of PD-1+ lymphocytes were significantly associated with poor treatment response and shorter OS. CONCLUSION Modulation of the expression of immune checkpoints as Tim-3 and PD-1, and of CCR5 on T cells is somehow related to HCC. CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 were the most relevant to HCC prognosis (OS and treatment response) and could represent a promising target for immune therapy against HCC. Future studies need to focus on exploring PD-1+ B cells and Tim-3+CD4+ cells, which seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer Sharaf Eldin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Elham Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hussein Fakhry
- Surgical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Moeen SM, Thabet AF, Rayan A, Abdel-Rahim MH, Mohamed WMY, Hetta HF. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: a single center experience. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1645-1652. [PMID: 32077360 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1728747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the frequency of peripheral Mo-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Mo-MDSCs) in newly diagnosed CLL patients and to correlate their level with other prognostic factors such as frequency of CD38 cells and ZAP-70 cells and with the clinical response and survival outcomes in these patients. Fifty CLL patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Flow cytometric detection of ZAP 70, CD38, and Mo-MDSCs was done. Mo-MDSC levels wer significantly higher in CLL patients (27.51 ± 1.70) than healthy controls (16.79 ± 0.66; p < .0001). Higher levels of Mo-MDSCs were detected in advanced Rai clinical staging than Stage I. Mo-MDSCs level was significantly correlated with the frequency of CD38 (r = 0.505; p < .0001) and ZAP-70 cells (r = 0.421; p < .0001). Higher levels of Mo-MDSCs predict poor survival in CLL patients with Mo-MDSCs levels <25% (n = 21) versus >25% (n = 29; log - Rank test, p < .0001). In conclusion, Mo-MDSCs are correlated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M Moeen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmad F Thabet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona Hussein Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael M Y Mohamed
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zahran AM, Zahran ZAM, El-Badawy O, Abdel-Rahim MH, Ali WAM, Rayan A, Abbas El-Masry M, Abozaid MAA, Hetta HF. Prognostic impact of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression on monocytes in Egyptian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunol Res 2020; 67:157-165. [PMID: 31028612 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a role in chronic inflammation. Still, little is known about the expression of TLRs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we tried to assess the prognostic value of TLR2 and TLR4 expression on circulating monocytes in HCC patients and correlate their levels with some clinical, laboratory data, and treatment outcomes. Forty patients with hepatic focal lesions diagnosed radiologically as HCC by triphasic multislice CT pelviabdominal and chest, and in some patients MRI diffusion and 38 age and sex matching healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Subjects were evaluated for liver functions, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), imaging, response to different treatments, and overall survival. TLR2 and TLR4 expression by monocytes was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of both TLR2 and TLR4 on monocytes was significantly increased in HCC patients than the controls, in patients with more progressive HCC than those with lower progression and in patients with poor response to treatment than patients with better treatment response. Moreover, their levels showed positive correlations with ALT, AST, and AFP and inverse correlations with the overall survival of HCC patients. The results of the current study suggest that increased expression ofTLR2 and TLR4 on peripheral monocytes might reflect the development and progression of HCC and can be used to indicate poor prognosis. In addition, high expression of TLR2 correlated significantly with poor response to treatment, while high expression of both TLR2 and TLR4 were associated with poor survival. Our findings will help to design more studies on the role of TLRs in HCC pathogenesis and prognosis which may provide new therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona H Abdel-Rahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wageeh A M Ali
- Departmentof Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Departmentof Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Abbas El-Masry
- Department of internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A A Abozaid
- Department of internal Medicine, Division of gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0595, USA.
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Zahran AM, Rayan A, Sayed HAR, Sobhy A, Solimn A, Darwish AM. Prognostic impact of circulating monocyte subsets in pediatric solid tumors. Cancer Biomark 2019; 25:371-379. [PMID: 31322540 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-182212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to quantify monocyte subsets in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with solid tumors at South Egypt Cancer Institute (SECI) and Assiut University Hospital (AUH), and investigate their roles in the treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective case-controlled study included 100 patients with de novo solid tumors and forty age and sex matched healthy children to provide blood samples as control subjects to determine normal count of monocyte subsets, blood samples were collected from cancer patients before the first cycle of chemotherapy, these blood samples were subjected to routine laboratory tests and assessment of monocyte subsets using flow cytometry. RESULTS Significant accumulations of intermediate monocytes and non classical monocytes (P< 0.000) in pediatric cases compared to controls were detected, there was a significant impact of non classical and intermediate monocytes on the type of response (P< 0.008, P< 0.4 respectively), The median OS for 100 patients with pediatric solid tumors involved in our study was 27 ± 0.589 months with 95% CI = 25.846-28.154, while the median PFS was 26 ± 0.610 months with 95% CI = 24.805-27.195, significant positive correlation between non-classical monocytes and OS (r=+0.659, P< 0.041). CONCLUSION Solid conclusion regarding the impact of monocyte classes in pediatric tumors is premature, although, in this study, non-classical and intermediate monocytes were associated with better response to treatment in pediatric solid tumors and non-classical monocytes were correlated with higher overall survival; further studies are needed for better understanding and specification of monocyte functions in different pediatric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Heba Abdel Razik Sayed
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ali Sobhy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Solimn
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Darwish
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Rayan A, Zahran A, El-Badawy O, Soliman A. Differential expression of CCR5, TIM3 and PD-1 on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes from hepatitis C patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their impact on treatment outcomes. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zahran AM, Rayan A, Fakhry H, Attia AM, Ashmawy AM, Soliman A, Elkady A, Hetta HF. Pretreatment detection of circulating and tissue CD133 + CD44 + cancer stem cells as a prognostic factor affecting the outcomes in Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1237-1248. [PMID: 30799951 PMCID: PMC6369859 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s189653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. As CD133 and CD44 are notable markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) identity, it is thought to be a predictive indicator for colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell cycle state of CD133+ CD44+ and CD133− CD44−cells, isolated from primary human colorectal tumors, and to assess the clinical impact of CD133+ CD44+ CSCs on patients’ outcome regarding disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Materials and methods Tissue samples were collected from 50 primary colorectal cancer patients. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to isolate tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs and CD133− CD44− tumor cells from primary colorectal cancer tissue to compare the cell cycle of both types of cells. Also circulating CSCs were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Higher percentage of tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs isolated from colorectal cancer patients was found in G0/G1 phase. However, tissue CD133− CD44− tumor cells were predominantly found in the S phase; there were significant negative correlations between tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs and DFS and OS (r=−0.470, P<0.001, respectively and r=−0.487, P<0.001, respectively), also significant negative correlations between tissue CSCs and DFS and OS (r=−0.548, P<0.001, respectively and r=−0.497, P<0.001, respectively). Only the pathological grade (P<0.004) and T stage (P<0.004) had a significant effect on circulating CSC counts. Conclusion Tissue CD133+ CD44+ CSCs were more quiescent than tissue CD133− CD44− tumor cells and both circulating CSCs and tissue CSCs were considered independent negative prognostic factors on OS and DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hussein Fakhry
- Department of Surgical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alia M Attia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Soliman
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azza Elkady
- Sohag University Medical Administration, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,
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Zahran AM, Aly SS, Rayan A, El-Badawy O, Fattah MA, Ali AM, ElBadre HM, Hetta HF. Survival outcomes of CD34 +CD38 -LSCs and their expression of CD123 in adult AML patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:34056-34065. [PMID: 30344921 PMCID: PMC6183348 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common leukemias in adults. AML is generally regarded as a stem cell disease characterized by an accumulation of undifferentiated and functionally heterogeneous populations of cells, The aim of the present study was to identify leukemia stem cells in patients with AML and their correlations with treatment outcomes namely remission status, disease free survival, and overall survival. Results The mean percentages of CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38low/−CD123+ LSCs were 2.2± 0.4and 22.3± 2.6, respectively. The percentages of CD34+cells, CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38low/−CD123+ LSCs were significantly lower in AML patients with complete remission than those without complete response (P<0.001, P<0.004, P<0.001 respectively). The mean OS of all study patients was 20.03±1.2 months while the median OS was 21 months (95% CI=18.32-21.48). The mean DFS was 16.96±1.02 months and the median was 18 months (95% CI=8.9-11.4). DFS and OS were significantly higher among those who achieved CR than those without CR. In addition, there were significant negative effects of WBCs, CD34+cells, CD34+CD38- and CD34+CD38-CD123+LSCs on DFS and OS. Patients and methods We investigated 30 patients with newly diagnosed AML; all patients underwent complete history taking, and thorough physical and clinical examination, complete blood count. Peripheral smears and bone marrow aspirates were also examined. Cytochemistry and immunophenotyping of leukemic cells were performed routinely in bone marrow using monoclonal antibodies. Flow cytometry was used to analyze leukemia stem cells and their expression of CD123. Conclusion Our study elucidated that CD34+CD38-LSCs, with or without CD123+LSCs phenotype was present in a significant proportion of AML patients and it could be responsible for resistance to traditional treatments, and high percentage of MRD that was translated into significantly high number of non CR, poor DFS, and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Shaker Aly
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia El-Badawy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maged Abdel Fattah
- Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Arwa Mohammed Ali
- Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala M ElBadre
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Mohammed Saleh MF, Sayed MM, Rayan A, Ali AM, Hetta HF. Up-regulation of regulatory T cells, CD200 and TIM3 expression in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:587-595. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M. Zahran
- Clinical Pathology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Mona M. Sayed
- Radiation Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Arwa Mohammed Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zahran AM, Abdel-Meguid MM, Ashmawy AM, Rayan A, Elkady A, Elsherbiny NM, Hetta HF. Frequency and Implications of Natural Killer and Natural Killer T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Egypt J Immunol 2018; 25:45-52. [PMID: 30600947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A complex role of the immune system has been highlighted in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Natural Killer cells (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT) cells are among the innate immune lymphocytes that predominate in the liver and can prevent tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of the study was to measure the percentages of NK and NKT cells among a sample of Egyptian patients with HCC and to find the association between their frequencies and disease progression. The study included 2 groups; the HCC patient group (n=40) and the healthy control group (n=20). Blood samples were drawn from all subjects for complete blood picture, liver enzymes and alpha fetoprotein serum level measurement. Flow cytometric analysis was performed for CD3 and CD16/56 for determining the percentages of NK and NKT cells. The frequencies of NK cells and NKT cells were significantly decreased in HCC patients (6.58± 1.76 and 5.26 ± 1.13 respectively) as compared to healthy controls (9.01±1.62 and 6.88 ± 1.88 respectively) (P < 0.001 and 0.0008 respectively) and in HCC patients with metastasis (6.01± 1.11 and 5.07± 1.10 respectively) than HCC patients without metastasis (7.75± 1.98 and 5.89± 0.88 respectively) (P= 0.004 and 0.03 respectively). We concluded that the reduced percentages of NK cells and NKT cells in HCC patients especially in those with metastasis point to their important roles in the occurrence and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Zahran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona M Abdel-Meguid
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ashmawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal Rayan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Nahla M Elsherbiny
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Rayan A, Abdel Fattah ON, Soliman A, Hasan HA, Zahran AM. Efficacy of Docetaxel and Oxaliplatin Regimen as a Second-Line Therapy for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:519-524. [DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several topical treatments are used in the management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS), some of which the safety and efficacy has yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of commonly used topical treatments on the sinonasal epithelial barrier. METHODS Normal saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride), hypertonic saline (3% Sodium Chloride), FESS Sinu-Cleanse Hypertonic, FLO Sinus Care and Budesonide 1 mg/ 2 ml were applied to the apical side of air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs) from CRS patients (n=3) and non-CRS controls (n=3) for 24 hours. Epithelial barrier structure and function was assessed using trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), measuring the passage of Fluorescein Isothiocyanate labelled Dextrans (FITC-Dextrans) and assessing the expression of the tight junction protein Zona Occludens-1 (ZO-1) using immunofluorescence. Toxicity was assessed using a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Data was analysed using ANOVA, followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. RESULTS Hypertonic solution and budesonide significantly increased TEER values in CRS derived HNECs. In contrast, FESS Sinu-Cleanse Hypertonic significantly reduced TEER 5 minutes after application of the solution followed by an increase in paracellular permeability of FITC-Dextrans (30 minutes) and increased LDH levels 6 hours after application of the solution. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions do not compromise epithelial barrier function in vitro but underscore the importance of examining safety and efficacy of over-the-counter wash solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery - Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - A Rayan
- Department of Surgery - Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - J L P Smith
- School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - S Vreugde
- Department of Surgery - Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
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Hegazy Y, Bauer S, Hassanein W, Rayan A, Dalladaku F, Bauer K, Ennker J, Sodian R. The Use of Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries for Coronary Revascularization in Patients with COPD: Is it a Good Idea? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sayed H, Moussa E, Zikri W, El Debawy E, Mostafa N, Younes A, Ezzat S, Rayan A. OP4 Salvage chemotherapy in primary resistant or relapsing stage III–IV neuroblastoma. EJC Suppl 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
A stochastic algorithm for constructing multiple loops in homology modeling of proteins is presented. The algorithm discards variable values in iterations based on a cost function and on statistical analysis of results. Values that remain are used for constructing an ensemble of best solutions. In test cases, the stochastic algorithm retains all the best solutions, compared to an exhaustive scan of the full set of conformations. Individual loops are constructed by adding dipeptide units. Dipeptide conformations are extracted from a database of proteins and their conformations include bond lengths and all angles. Single loops are constructed from both N- and C- terminals to the center, and loop closure is evaluated by a combination of penalties for the peptide closure and Miyazawa-Jernigan (MJ) [1]. residue-residue interactions with the rest of the protein. Large ensembles of each loop are clustered and re-evaluated with a refined [2]. energy term. The reduced, clustered set of each loop is then employed to construct simultaneously all the loops. The algorithm was applied to construct simultaneously six loops in c-Src kinase family proteins, incorporating a total of 37-40 residues. The best RMSD for reconstructing the loops is 1.45 A for Lck (structure 1QPE in the Protein Data Bank) and 2.54 A for human c-Src (structure 1FMK). The multiple loop conformations with lowest energy have higher RMSD values, of 2.06 A and 3.09 A, respectively. The average RMSD values for the first 1000 conformations are 3.00 A and 3.46 A, respectively. Models for the "open" structures of c-Src and of Jak-2 were constructed on the basis of 1QPE. The Jak-2 model is found to be more flexible in the loops region than its c-Src counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rayan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Rayan A, Siew N, Cherno-Schwartz S, Matzner Y, Bautsch W, Goldblum A. A novel computational method for predicting the transmembrane structure of G-protein coupled receptors: application to human C5aR and C3aR. Recept Channels 2000; 7:121-37. [PMID: 10952089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel algorithm was applied to the sequences of bacteriorhodopsin (BRh), of rhodopsin (Rh), and of the two human anaphylatoxin receptors, C5a-receptor (hC5aR) and C3a-receptor (hC3aR), that predicts their transmembrane domains (TMD) according to energy criteria alone, on the basis of their sequences and a template structure for each. Two consecutive criteria were applied for the predictions: the first is hydrophobicity of a sequence of residues, which determines the candidate stretches of residues that form one of the transmembrane helices. The second criterion is an energy function composed of inter residue contact energies, of hydrophobic contributions due to membrane exposure and of the interactions of a few residues with the phospholipid head groups. The sequence of candidate residues for each helix is longer than that of the template, and is finally determined by threading each of the candidate stretches on each of the template helices and evaluating the energy for all possible configurations. Contact energies between residues were taken from a database (Miyazawa S and Jernigan RL (1996) J Mol Biol 256 623-44). The algorithm predicts well the TMD structure of BRh based on its own template, and the TMD structure of Rh conforms well with the model of Baldwin et al (Baldwin JM Schertler GFX and Unger VM (1997) J Biol Chem 272 144-64). Results for the construction of the TMD of hC5aR and hC3aR were compared, employing the template structure of Rh. Most of the results for these receptors are in accord with alignments and with mutation experiments on hC5aR and hC3aR. The predictions may serve as a basis for future mutagenesis experiments of these receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Bacteriorhodopsins/chemistry
- Cell Membrane/chemistry
- Humans
- Membrane Proteins
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Complement/chemistry
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Rhodopsin/chemistry
- Sequence Alignment
- Software
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rayan
- The Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Goldblum A, Rayan A, Fliess A, Glick M. Extending crystallographic information with semiempirical quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics: a case of aspartic proteinases. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 1993; 33:270-4. [PMID: 8391019 DOI: 10.1021/ci00012a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The results of crystallographic analysis of a complex between an aspartic proteinase, endothiapepsin, and an inhibitor have been extended through the assignment of protons in the active site, to study various steps in the reaction with a substrate. Mechanistic implications are suggested as a consequence of semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations, indicating that most of the activation energy is required to bring the substrate from an initial binding mode to close distance to a water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goldblum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Rayan A, Fliess A, Kotler M, Chorev M, Goldblum A. Theoretical models of aspartic proteases: active site properties, dimer stability and interactions with model inhibitors. Adv Exp Med Biol 1991; 306:555-8. [PMID: 1812758 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6012-4_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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Rayan A, Matsuda K. The relation of anatomy to water movement and cellular response in young barley leaves. Plant Physiol 1988; 87:853-8. [PMID: 16666237 PMCID: PMC1054858 DOI: 10.1104/pp.87.4.853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Young barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Arivat) leaves were examined anatomically and physiologically to infer the pathway of transpirational water movement and to explain why the growing region is more responsive to osmotic stress than the expanded blade. Vessels with open lumens extend from the intercalary meristem to the expanded blade, and all vessels are clustered in five vascular bundles that are separated by 20 closely packed mesophyll cells. Heat pulse transport data confirmed the anatomical suggestion that water moves through the growing region in vessels and not intercellularly, and also showed that stress reduces xylem water transport within 1 minute while transpiration remained unaffected. Water equal in volume to twice that expected in the xylem, and which exchanges more readily with water in the nutrient solution than with most water in tissues, can be extracted easily from growing tissues. It is hypothesized that this water is xylem plus cell wall water, that osmotic stress will quickly reduce its in situ water potential, and that stress causes growth to stop because cells in the growing region can respond rapidly to changes in water potential around them. In the expanded blade, bundles containing vessels are three and eight cells away from the closest and next substomatal cavities. This allows xylem water loss to occur predominantly through the closest stomata, and the expanded blade is believed to be less responsive because effects of stress on xylem water potential are confined largely to cells immediately around the vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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Rayan A, Goueli SA, Lange P, Ahmed K. Chromatin-associated protein kinases in human normal and benign hyperplastic prostate. Cancer Res 1985; 45:2277-82. [PMID: 2580618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear phosphoproteins and protein kinases of human normal and benign hyperplastic prostate (BPH) were studied in an effort to delineate their properties and to identify any underlying differences therein. Chromatin-associated protein kinases active towards phosvitin, lysine-rich histone, and endogenous nonhistone proteins were characterized in human prostatic nuclei. The general properties of the human chromatin-associated prostatic protein kinases were similar to those of rat ventral prostate chromatin. Polyamines stimulated the phosphorylation of endogenous nonhistone proteins and phosvitin. Protein kinases active towards phosvitin and lysine-rich histones were unaltered in chromatin from BPH tissue as compared with the normal prostate. However, phosphorylation of chromatin-associated nonhistone proteins was markedly enhanced (average, 123%) in BPH tissue as compared with the normal tissue. The results indicate a change in the protein kinase reaction specifically involving chromatin-associated nonhistone proteins of BPH tissue as compared with normal human prostate.
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