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Zhou Z, Zhang H, Du J, Yang J, Pan W, Zhang Q, Wang H, Tang P, Ba Y, Zhang H. A spatiotemporal comparative analysis on tumor immune microenvironment characteristics between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative immunotherapy for ESCC. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:663. [PMID: 39256364 PMCID: PMC11387609 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The average five-year survival rate for esophageal cancer, a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, is barely 20%. The majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients had already progressed to a locally advanced or even advanced stage at initial diagnosis, making routine surgery ineffective. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy are important neoadjuvant treatments for ESCC, however, it remains unknown how treatment will affect the immunological microenvironment, especially at the spatial level. Here, we presented the TME characters of ESCC from the temporal and spatial dimensions using scRNA-seq and ST, investigated the changes of immune cell clusters in the TME under neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative immunotherapy, and explored the potential mechanisms. It was found that compared with chemotherapy, immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy increased the level of T cell proliferation, partially restored the function of exhausted T cells, induced the expansion of specific exhausted CD8 T cells, increased the production of dendritic cells (DCs), and supported the immune hot microenvironment of the tumor. We also found that CD52 and ID3 have potential as biomarkers of ESCC. Particularly, CD52 may be served as a predictor of the efficacy to screen the advantaged population of different regimens. Through multiple pathways, CAF2 and CAF5's antigen-presenting role affected the other fibroblast clusters, resulting in malignant transformation. We analyzed the immune microenvironment differences between the two regimens to provide a more thorough description of the ESCC microenvironment profile and serve as a foundation for customized neoadjuvant treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Hongdian Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Jian Du
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Wen Pan
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Qiumo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Huiya Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China
| | - Peng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300202, China.
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100032, China.
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300121, China.
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2
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Jin Z, Zhou Q, Cheng JN, Jia Q, Zhu B. Heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment and clinical interventions. Front Med 2023; 17:617-648. [PMID: 37728825 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is broadly composed of various immune cells, and its heterogeneity is characterized by both immune cells and stromal cells. During the course of tumor formation and progression and anti-tumor treatment, the composition of the TIME becomes heterogeneous. Such immunological heterogeneity is not only present between populations but also exists on temporal and spatial scales. Owing to the existence of TIME, clinical outcomes can differ when a similar treatment strategy is provided to patients. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of TIME heterogeneity is essential for developing precise and effective therapies. Facilitated by advanced technologies, it is possible to understand the complexity and diversity of the TIME and its influence on therapy responses. In this review, we discuss the potential reasons for TIME heterogeneity and the current approaches used to explore it. We also summarize clinical intervention strategies based on associated mechanisms or targets to control immunological heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jin
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Research Institute, GloriousMed Clinical Laboratory (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, China
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jia-Nan Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Xiao J, Bi J, Li XY, Chen G, Lu L. Review immune response of targeting CD39 in cancer. Biomark Res 2023; 11:63. [PMID: 37287049 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-adenosine pathway has emerged as a promising target for cancer therapy, but challenges remain in achieving effective tumor control. Early research focused on blocking the adenosine generating enzyme CD73 and the adenosine receptors A2AR or A2BR in cancer. However, recent studies have shown that targeting CD39, the rate-limiting ecto-enzyme of the ATP-adenosine pathway, can provide more profound anti-tumor efficacy by reducing immune-suppressive adenosine accumulation and increasing pro-inflammatory ATP levels. In addition, combining CD39 blocking antibody with PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy may have synergistic anti-tumor effects and improve patient survival. This review will discuss the immune components that respond to CD39 targeting in the tumor microenvironment. Targeting CD39 in cancer has been shown to not only decrease adenosine levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but also increase ATP levels. Additionally, targeting CD39 can limit the function of Treg cells, which are known to express high levels of CD39. With phase I clinical trials of CD39 targeting currently underway, further understanding and rational design of this approach for cancer therapy are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiacheng Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of R&D, OriCell Therapeutics Co. Ltd, No.1227, Zhangheng Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guokai Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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4
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Liu Z, Liu X, Shen H, Xu X, Zhao X, Fu R. Adenosinergic axis and immune checkpoint combination therapy in tumor: A new perspective for immunotherapy strategy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:978377. [PMID: 36159861 PMCID: PMC9493240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are two figures and one table in this review, the review consists of 5823 words, without the description of figures and table, but including references. Tumor cells escape anti-tumor immune responses in various ways, including functionally shaping the microenvironment through the secretion of various chemokines and, cytokines. Adenosine is a powerful immunosuppressive metabolite, that is frequently elevated in the extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, it has recently been proposed as a novel antitumor immunoassay for targeting adenosine- generating enzymes, such as CD39, CD73, and adenosine receptors. In recent years, the discovery of the immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death 1(PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), has also greatly changed treatment methods and ideas for malignant tumors. Malignant tumor immunotherapy has been developed from point-to-point therapy targeting immune checkpoints, combining different points of different pathways to create a therapy based on the macroscopic immune regulatory system network. This article reviews the theoretical basis of the adenosine energy axis and immune checkpoint combined therapy for malignant tumors and the latest advances in malignant tumors.
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How the Potassium Channel Response of T Lymphocytes to the Tumor Microenvironment Shapes Antitumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153564. [PMID: 35892822 PMCID: PMC9330401 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Competent antitumor immune cells are fundamental for tumor surveillance and combating active cancers. Once established, tumors generate a tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of complex cellular and metabolic elements that serve to suppress the function of antitumor immune cells. T lymphocytes are key cellular elements of the TME. In this review, we explore the role of ion channels, particularly K+ channels, in mediating the suppressive effects of the TME on T cells. First, we will review the complex network of ion channels that mediate Ca2+ influx and control effector functions in T cells. Then, we will discuss how multiple features of the TME influence the antitumor capabilities of T cells via ion channels. We will focus on hypoxia, adenosine, and ionic imbalances in the TME, as well as overexpression of programmed cell death ligand 1 by cancer cells that either suppress K+ channels in T cells and/or benefit from regulating these channels’ activity, ultimately shaping the immune response. Finally, we will review some of the cancer treatment implications related to ion channels. A better understanding of the effects of the TME on ion channels in T lymphocytes could promote the development of more effective immunotherapies, especially for resistant solid malignancies.
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6
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Harou O, Cros-Perrial E, Alix E, Callet-Bauchu E, Bertheau C, Dumontet C, Devouassoux-Shisheboran M, Jordheim LP. Variability in CD39 and CD73 protein levels in uveal melanoma patients. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1099-1108. [PMID: 35199627 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2032738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is produced from ATP by CD39 and CD73, and can modulate tumor development by acting on cancer cells or immune cells. Adenosine metabolism has been poorly studied in uveal melanoma. We studied the protein levels of CD39 and CD73 in a small, well described cohort of patients with uveal melanoma. Our results show a high variability in the levels of the two proteins, both in positivity and in intensity. Our results suggest that similar studies on larger cohorts could determine the clinical value and the druggability of these enzymes in the given clinical setting.Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2022.2032738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Harou
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, France
| | - Emeline Cros-Perrial
- Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Eudeline Alix
- Department of Cytogenetics, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Evelyne Callet-Bauchu
- Department of Cytogenetics, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Charlotte Bertheau
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
- Department of Cytogenetics, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Department of Cytogenetics, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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7
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Muniz-Bongers LR, McClain CB, Saxena M, Bongers G, Merad M, Bhardwaj N. MMP2 and TLRs modulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. JCI Insight 2021; 6:144913. [PMID: 34032639 PMCID: PMC8262464 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.144913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle in the success of cancer immunotherapies. Because extracellular matrix components can shape the microenvironment, we investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) in melanoma tumorigenesis. We found that MMP2 signals proinflammatory pathways on antigen presenting cells, and this requires both TLR2 and TLR4. B16 melanoma cells that express MMP2 at baseline have slower kinetics in Tlr2–/–Tlr4–/– mice, implicating MMP2 in promoting tumor growth. Indeed, Mmp2 overexpression in B16 cells potentiated rapid tumor growth, which was accompanied by reduced intratumoral cytolytic cells and increased M2 macrophages. In contrast, knockdown of Mmp2 slowed tumor growth and enhanced T cell proliferation and NK cell recruitment. Finally, we found that these effects of MMP2 are mediated through dysfunctional DC–T cell cross-talk as they are lost in Batf3–/– and Rag2–/– mice. These findings provide insights into the detrimental role of endogenous alarmins like MMP2 in modulating immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansi Saxena
- Tisch Cancer Institute.,Hematology and Oncology Department, and
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Tisch Cancer Institute.,Oncological Sciences Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Tisch Cancer Institute.,Oncological Sciences Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute.,Hematology and Oncology Department, and
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8
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Luo L, Ma F, Wang Q. Response of the ileum transcriptome to probiotic and fructo-oligosaccharides in Taiping chicken. J Appl Genet 2021; 62:307-317. [PMID: 33638812 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-021-00624-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Taiping chicken is indigenous chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), which was one of China's excellent poultry species, is an excellent chicken in Gansu Province. As the problems caused by the overuse of antibiotics become more and more severe, people begin to look for ways to replace them. Among them, probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides are the research hotspot to replace antibiotics. Probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides can promote the absorption of nutrients, improve the ability to resist and prevent diseases, and improve the intestinal tissue morphology. In this study, we used RNA-Seq analysis to study the gene expression in ileum tissue after Taiping chicken was given probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides. In total, 67 genes were differentially expressed in the ileum. Ten of the differently expressed genes were further validated by RT-qPCR. In addition, these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched to tyrosine metabolism, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, phenylalanine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. The results which this study provides contribute to our understanding application of probiotics and fructo-oligosaccharides in indigenous chickens production and provide a theoretical basis for the genetic development of indigenous chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintong Luo
- College of Biological Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou District, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu Province, P. R. China
| | - Fang Ma
- College of Biological Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou District, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Qianning Wang
- College of Biological Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, South Xihe Road, Qinzhou District, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu Province, P. R. China
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9
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Festag J, Thelemann T, Schell M, Raith S, Michel S, Jaschinski F, Klar R. Preventing ATP Degradation by ASO-Mediated Knockdown of CD39 and CD73 Results in A2aR-Independent Rescue of T Cell Proliferation. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:656-669. [PMID: 32739778 PMCID: PMC7393471 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine axis contributes to the suppression of antitumor immune responses. The ectonucleotidase CD39 degrades extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which is degraded to adenosine by CD73. Adenosine binds to, e.g., the A2a receptor (A2aR), which reportedly suppresses effector immune cells. We investigated effects of ATP, AMP, and adenosine analogs on T cell proliferation, apoptosis, and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. CD39 and CD73 expression were suppressed using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and A2aR was blocked using small molecules. Addition of ATP to T cells reduced proliferation and induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, those effects were reverted by suppression of CD39 and/or CD73 expression but not A2aR inhibition. Adenosine analogs did not suppress proliferation but inhibited secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we suggest that suppression of T cell proliferation is not directly mediated by A2aR but by intracellular downstream metabolites of adenosine, as blockade of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) or adenosine kinase rescued proliferation and prevented induction of apoptosis. In conclusion, adenosine might primarily affect cytokine secretion directly via adenosine receptors, whereas adenosine metabolites might impair T cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of CD39 and/or CD73 has evident advantages over A2aR blockade to fully revert suppression of antitumor immune responses by the adenosine axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Festag
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tamara Thelemann
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Monika Schell
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raith
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frank Jaschinski
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Richard Klar
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, 82152 Planegg/Martinsried, Germany.
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10
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Tang B, Zhao Q, Wang D, Liu Y, Guo M, Zhao S, Qi Y, Zhang Y, Huang L. IL-6-induced CD39 expression on tumor-infiltrating NK cells predicts poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2371-2380. [PMID: 32524362 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a predominant innate lymphocyte subset, mediates eradicating malignant cells. Purinergic signaling by ectonucleotidase CD39 can suppress T-cell response in caner. However, the role of CD39 in NK cells has not been fully elucidated. Here, we characterized CD39 expression on NK cells and its clinical relevance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Peripheral blood and tissue samples were collected from 36 ESCC patients. We observed that the proportion of NK cells significantly decreased but CD39 was obviously up-regulated on NK cells from cancerous tissues compared to paired peripheral blood in ESCC patients. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrating NK cells with high CD39 expression exhibited a phenotype of functional impairment. In vitro, conditioned media of ESCC cell lines could induce CD39 expression on peripheral NK cells from healthy donors. IL-6 was identified as the major cytokine produced by ESCC cell lines and also elevated in both tumor tissues and blood serum from ESCC patients. Recombinant IL-6 significantly induced surface CD39 expression in human NK cells, while IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab prevented this effect. Finally, tumor-infiltrating CD39+ NK cells were correlated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Thus, tumor-derived IL-6 might impair NK cell functions through induction of CD39 expression. CD39+ NK cells may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zheng
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Tang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitai Zhao
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxing Guo
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Huang
- Biotherapy Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Guerrouahen BS, Maccalli C, Cugno C, Rutella S, Akporiaye ET. Reverting Immune Suppression to Enhance Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1554. [PMID: 32039024 PMCID: PMC6985581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors employ strategies to escape immune control. The principle aim of most cancer immunotherapies is to restore effective immune surveillance. Among the different processes regulating immune escape, tumor microenvironment-associated soluble factors, and/or cell surface-bound molecules are mostly responsible for dysfunctional activity of tumor-specific CD8+T cells. These dynamic immunosuppressive networks prevent tumor rejection at several levels, limiting also the success of immunotherapies. Nevertheless, the recent clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors or of molecules modulating cellular targets and immunosuppressive enzymes highlights the great potential of approaches based on the selective disruption of immunosuppressive networks. Currently, the administration of different categories of immunotherapy in combination regimens is the ultimate modality for impacting the survival of cancer patients. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, designed to mount an effective antitumor immune response, profound changes occurred in cancer immunotherapy: from a global stimulation of the immune system to a specific targeting of an immune component. This review will specifically highlight the players, the mechanisms limiting an efficient antitumor response and the current immunotherapy modalities tailored to target immune suppressive pathways. We also discuss the ongoing challenges encountered by these strategies and provide suggestions for circumventing hurdles to new immunotherapeutic approaches, including the use of relevant biomarkers in the optimization of immunotherapy regimens and the identification of patients who can benefit from defined immune-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella S Guerrouahen
- Sidra Medicine, Member of Qatar Foundation, Research Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- Sidra Medicine, Member of Qatar Foundation, Research Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chiara Cugno
- Sidra Medicine, Member of Qatar Foundation, Research Department, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sergio Rutella
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel T Akporiaye
- Veana Therapeutics, Inc., Portland, OR, United States.,Providence Cancer Center, Portland, OR, United States
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12
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Li XY, Moesta AK, Xiao C, Nakamura K, Casey M, Zhang H, Madore J, Lepletier A, Aguilera AR, Sundarrajan A, Jacoberger-Foissac C, Wong C, Dela Cruz T, Welch M, Lerner AG, Spatola BN, Soros VB, Corbin J, Anderson AC, Effern M, Hölzel M, Robson SC, Johnston RL, Waddell N, Smith C, Bald T, Geetha N, Beers C, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. Targeting CD39 in Cancer Reveals an Extracellular ATP- and Inflammasome-Driven Tumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2019; 9:1754-1773. [PMID: 31699796 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We explored the mechanism of action of CD39 antibodies that inhibit ectoenzyme CD39 conversion of extracellular ATP (eATP) to AMP and thus potentially augment eATP-P2-mediated proinflammatory responses. Using syngeneic and humanized tumor models, we contrast the potency and mechanism of anti-CD39 mAbs with other agents targeting the adenosinergic pathway. We demonstrate the critical importance of an eATP-P2X7-ASC-NALP3-inflammasome-IL18 pathway in the antitumor activity mediated by CD39 enzyme blockade, rather than simply reducing adenosine as mechanism of action. Efficacy of anti-CD39 activity was underpinned by CD39 and P2X7 coexpression on intratumor myeloid subsets, an early signature of macrophage depletion, and active IL18 release that facilitated the significant expansion of intratumor effector T cells. More importantly, anti-CD39 facilitated infiltration into T cell-poor tumors and rescued anti-PD-1 resistance. Anti-human CD39 enhanced human T-cell proliferation and Th1 cytokine production and suppressed human B-cell lymphoma in the context of autologous Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell transfer. SIGNIFICANCE: Overall, these data describe a potent and novel mechanism of action of antibodies that block mouse or human CD39, triggering an eATP-P2X7-inflammasome-IL18 axis that reduces intratumor macrophage number, enhances intratumor T-cell effector function, overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance, and potentially enhances the efficacy of adoptive T-cell transfer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Christos Xiao
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mika Casey
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia Roman Aguilera
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashmitha Sundarrajan
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Celia Jacoberger-Foissac
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Megan Welch
- Tizona Therapeutics, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | | | - John Corbin
- Tizona Therapeutics, San Francisco, California
| | - Ana C Anderson
- Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maike Effern
- Unit of RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit of RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Oncology (IEO), University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca L Johnston
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Corey Smith
- Translational and Human Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- Oncology and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nishamol Geetha
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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13
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Chambers AM, Matosevic S. Immunometabolic Dysfunction of Natural Killer Cells Mediated by the Hypoxia-CD73 Axis in Solid Tumors. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:60. [PMID: 31396523 PMCID: PMC6668567 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
NK cell infiltration into solid tumors is often low and is largely represented by the poorly-cytotoxic CD56bright subset. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CD73, overexpressed under conditions of hypoxia, is involved in a variety of physiological processes, while its overexpression has been correlated with tumor invasiveness, metastasis and poorer patient survival in many cancers. Hypoxia itself favors aggressive glycolytic fueling of cancer cells, in turn driving reprogramming of NK cell metabolism. In addition, the hypoxia-driven activity of CD73 immunometabolically impairs NK cells in tumors, due to its catalytic role in the generation of the highly immunosuppressive metabolite adenosine. Adenosinergic signaling was shown to alter NK cell metabolic programs, leading to tumor-promoting environments characterized by NK cell dysfunction. Despite the demonstrated role of NK cell responses in the context of CD73 targeting, the engagement of NK cells in the setting of hypoxia/CD73 signaling has not been extensively studied or exploited. Here, we discuss available evidence on the role of hypoxic signaling on CD73-mediated activity, and how this relates to the immunometabolic responses of NK cells, with a particular focus on the therapeutic targeting of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Chambers
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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14
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Zhang H, Vijayan D, Li XY, Robson SC, Geetha N, Teng MWL, Smyth MJ. The role of NK cells and CD39 in the immunological control of tumor metastases. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1593809. [PMID: 31069159 PMCID: PMC6492967 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1593809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastases are responsible for death in the majority of cancer patients. Here we have explored the role of the ectonucleotidase CD39 in select models of tumor metastases and further tested the therapeutic anticancer activity of the NTPDase inhibitor sodium polyoxotungstate (POM-1). CD39 was expressed on tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid cells and some NK cells, and it was upregulated on these cells within tumors early after inoculation in vivo. NK cell numbers and effector functions were increased in globally CD39-deficient mice and also in WT mice treated with POM-1. Dosing with POM-1 suppressed experimental and spontaneous metastases in four different tumor models and was well tolerated. This anti-metastatic activity was completely abrogated in mice, that were depleted of NK cells, had IFNγ neutralized or were deficient in CD39 expression in bone marrow-derived cells. POM-1 was highly effective in suppressing metastases when used in combination with BRAFi/MEKi or anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 or IL-2. These data highlight the importance of the CD39 pathway in suppressing NK cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and validate further the development of CD39-based therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Dipti Vijayan
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishamol Geetha
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Michele W L Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
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15
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Kashyap AS, Thelemann T, Klar R, Kallert SM, Festag J, Buchi M, Hinterwimmer L, Schell M, Michel S, Jaschinski F, Zippelius A. Antisense oligonucleotide targeting CD39 improves anti-tumor T cell immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:67. [PMID: 30871609 PMCID: PMC6419472 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells are known to develop mechanisms to circumvent effective anti-tumor immunity. The two ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 are promising drug targets, as they act in concert to convert extracellular immune-stimulating ATP to adenosine. CD39 is expressed by different immune cell populations as well as cancer cells of different tumor types and supports the tumor in escaping immune recognition and destruction. Thus, increasing extracellular ATP and simultaneously reducing adenosine concentrations in the tumor can lead to effective anti-tumor immunity. Methods We designed locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with specificity for human or mouse CD39 that do not need a transfection reagent or delivery system for efficient target knockdown. Knockdown efficacy of ASOs on mRNA and protein level was investigated in cancer cell lines and in primary human T cells. The effect of CD39 knockdown on ATP-degrading activity was evaluated by measuring levels of ATP in tumor cell supernatants and analysis of T cell proliferation in the presence of extracellular ATP. The in vivo effects of CD39-specific ASOs on target expression, anti-tumor immune responses and on tumor growth were analyzed in syngeneic mouse tumor models using multi-color flow cytometry. Results CD39-specific ASOs suppressed expression of CD39 mRNA and protein in different murine and human cancer cell lines and in primary human T cells. Degradation of extracellular ATP was strongly reduced by CD39-specific ASOs. Strikingly, CD39 knockdown by ASOs was associated with improved CD8+ T cell proliferation. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with CD39-specific ASOs led to dose-dependent reduction of CD39-protein expression in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages. Moreover, frequency of intratumoral Tregs was substantially reduced in CD39 ASO-treated mice. As a consequence, the ratio of CD8+ T cells to Tregs in tumors was improved, while PD-1 expression was induced in CD39 ASO-treated intratumoral CD8+ T cells. Consequently, CD39 ASO treatment demonstrated potent reduction in tumor growth in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment. Conclusion Targeting of CD39 by ASOs represents a promising state-of-the art therapeutic approach to improve immune responses against tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0545-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S Kashyap
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Richard Klar
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sandra M Kallert
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Present address: Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Festag
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melanie Buchi
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Monika Schell
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Alfred Zippelius
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Bensussan A, Janela B, Thonnart N, Bagot M, Musette P, Ginhoux F, Marie-Cardine A. Identification of CD39 as a Marker for the Circulating Malignant T-Cell Clone of Sézary Syndrome Patients. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:725-728. [PMID: 30798854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armand Bensussan
- INSERM U976, Oncodermatology, Immunology and Cutaneous stem cells, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Janela
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore
| | - Nicolas Thonnart
- INSERM U976, Oncodermatology, Immunology and Cutaneous stem cells, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Bagot
- INSERM U976, Oncodermatology, Immunology and Cutaneous stem cells, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Saint Louis Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Musette
- INSERM U976, Oncodermatology, Immunology and Cutaneous stem cells, Paris, France
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Singapore
| | - Anne Marie-Cardine
- INSERM U976, Oncodermatology, Immunology and Cutaneous stem cells, Paris, France; University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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17
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Wang J, Matosevic S. Adenosinergic signaling as a target for natural killer cell immunotherapy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:903-913. [PMID: 30069747 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling through adenosine plays a key role in immune regulation. Hypoxia-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine results in the generation of an immunosuppressive niche that fuels tumor development. Such immunometabolic modulation has shown to be a promising therapeutic target through blockade of adenosine receptors which mediate adenosine's immunosuppressive function, or cancer-associated ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 that catalyze the synthesis of adenosine. Adenosinergic signaling heavily implicates natural killer cells through both direct and indirect effects on their cytolytic activity, expression of cytotoxic granules, interferon-γ, and activating receptors. Continuing work has uncovered multiple checkpoints linked to adenosine within the purinergic signaling cascade as contributing to immune evasion from NK cell effector function. Here, we discuss these checkpoints and the recent body of work that focuses on adenosinergic signaling as a target for natural killer cell of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Wang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. .,Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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18
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Leone RD, Emens LA. Targeting adenosine for cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:57. [PMID: 29914571 PMCID: PMC6006764 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint antagonists (CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1) and CAR T-cell therapies generate unparalleled durable responses in several cancers and have firmly established immunotherapy as a new pillar of cancer therapy. To extend the impact of immunotherapy to more patients and a broader range of cancers, targeting additional mechanisms of tumor immune evasion will be critical. Adenosine signaling has emerged as a key metabolic pathway that regulates tumor immunity. Adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced at high levels within the tumor microenvironment. Hypoxia, high cell turnover, and expression of CD39 and CD73 are important factors in adenosine production. Adenosine signaling through the A2a receptor expressed on immune cells potently dampens immune responses in inflamed tissues. In this article, we will describe the role of adenosine signaling in regulating tumor immunity, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in the pathway. We will also review preclinical data for each target and provide an update of current clinical activity within the field. Together, current data suggest that rational combination immunotherapy strategies that incorporate inhibitors of the hypoxia-CD39-CD73-A2aR pathway have great promise for further improving clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Leone
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. .,Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 409, Cancer Research Building 1, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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19
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cells (Treg) characterized by expression of FOXP3 and strong immunosuppressive activity play a key role in regulating homeostasis in health and disease. Areas covered: Human Treg are highly diverse phenotypically and functionally. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), Treg are reprogrammed by the tumor, acquiring an activated phenotype and enhanced suppressor functions. No unique phenotypic markers for Treg accumulating in human tumors exist. Treg are heterogeneous and use numerous mechanisms to mediate suppression, which either silences anti-tumor immune surveillance or prevents tissue damage by activated T cells. Treg plasticity in the TME endows them with dual functionality. Treg frequency in tumors associates either with poor or improved survival. Treg responses to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) differ from the restorative effects ICIs induce in other immune cells. Therapies used to silence Treg, including ICIs, are only partly successful. Treg persistence and resistance to depletion are critical for maintaining homeostasis. Expert opinion: Treg emerge as a heterogeneous subset of immunosuppressive T cells, which usually, but not always, favor tumor progression. Treg are also engaged in non-immune activities that benefit the host. Therapeutic silencing of Treg in cancer requires a deeper understanding of Treg activities in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Whiteside
- a Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Otolaryngology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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20
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Lee JS, Yilmaz Ö. Unfolding Role of a Danger Molecule Adenosine Signaling in Modulation of Microbial Infection and Host Cell Response. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E199. [PMID: 29315226 PMCID: PMC5796148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73, specific nucleotide metabolizing enzymes located on the surface of the host, can convert a pro-inflammatory environment driven by a danger molecule extracellular-ATP to an adenosine-mediated anti-inflammatory milieu. Accordingly, CD39/CD73 signaling have has strongly implicated in modulating the intensity, duration, and composition of purinergic danger signals delivered to host. Recent studies have eluted potential roles for CD39 and CD73 in selective triggering of a variety of host immune cells and molecules in the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or microbial virulence molecules. Growing evidence also suggests that CD39 and CD73 present complimentary, but likely differential, actions against pathogens to shape the course and severity of microbial infection as well as the associated immune response. Similarly, adenosine receptors A2A and A2B have been proposed to be major immunomodulators of adenosine signaling during chronic inflammatory conditions induced by opportunistic pathogens, such as oral colonizer Porphyromonas gingivalis. Therefore, we here review the recent studies that demonstrate how complex network of molecules in the extracellular adenosine signaling machinery and their interactions can reshape immune responses and may also be targeted by opportunistic pathogens to establish successful colonization in human mucosal tissues and modulate the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaden S Lee
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 29425 Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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21
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Cari L, Nocentini G, Migliorati G, Riccardi C. Potential effect of tumor-specific Treg-targeted antibodies in the treatment of human cancers: A bioinformatics analysis. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1387705. [PMID: 29308313 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1387705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the mechanisms of tumor rejection in immune-modulatory treatments is antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that infiltrate tumors in which cells expressing activating Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) are present. Our objective was to identify, through a bioinformatics analysis, Treg marker(s) expressed at the highest levels in nine types of human cancers, in order to determine the best targets for ADCC-inducing antitumor antibodies. We analyzed the mRNA levels of 24 surface Treg markers evaluated by the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array in 5728 cancer samples obtained via the Genevestigator v3 suite. Our analysis was based on overexpression of markers in tumors as compared to healthy tissues (HTs) and correlation between overexpression of the markers and the tumor suppressive microenvironment. Moreover, we evaluated tumoral infiltration of activating FcγR-expressing cells and calculated the ADCC index for each overexpressed marker, as an indicator of whether the marker was a good target for ADCC induction in tumor-infiltrating Tregs. The results demonstrated that the ADCC strategy is unlikely to succeed in colorectal, liver, prostate and ovarian cancers. Moreover, we identified nine Treg markers that could be targeted in the other tumors: 4-1BB, CD39, galectin-9, GITR, IL-21R, LAP, neuropilin-1, TIGIT and TNFR2. GITR and TIGIT were the only markers that could be potentially useful as targets for the treatment of three cancers: non-squamous and squamous NSCLC and breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma. LAP, neuropilin-1 and CD39 presented as good targets in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Our findings may have value for the development of new anti-tumor antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Cari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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22
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Barjon C, Michaud HA, Fages A, Dejou C, Zampieri A, They L, Gennetier A, Sanchez F, Gros L, Eliaou JF, Bonnefoy N, Lafont V. IL-21 promotes the development of a CD73-positive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell regulatory population. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1379642. [PMID: 29296543 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1379642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells contribute to the immune response against many tumor types through their direct cytotoxic activity and capacity to regulate the biological functions of other immune cells, such as dendritic cells and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. However, their presence in the tumor microenvironment has also been associated with poor prognosis in breast, colon and pancreatic cancers. Additionally, recent studies demonstrated that cytokines can confer some plasticity to Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and promote their differentiation into cells with regulatory functions. Here, we demonstrated that activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells isolated from healthy donors and cultured in the presence of IL-21 favors the emergence of a subpopulation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that express the ectonucleotidase CD73 and inhibits T cell proliferation in a CD73/adenosine-dependent manner. This subpopulation produces IL-10 and IL-8 and displays lower effector functions and cytotoxic activity than CD73-negative Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We also showed, in a syngeneic mouse tumor model, the existence of a tumor-infiltrating γδ T cell subpopulation that produces IL-10 and strongly expresses CD73. Moreover, maturation, IL-12 production and induction of antigen-specific T cell proliferation are impaired in DC co-cultured with IL-21-amplified Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Altogether, these data indicate that IL-21 promotes Vγ9Vδ2 T cell regulatory functions by favoring the development of an immunosuppressive CD73+ subpopulation. Thus, when present in the tumor microenvironment, IL-21 might negatively impact γδ T cell anti-tumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Barjon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Henri-Alexandre Michaud
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Angeline Fages
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alexandre Zampieri
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Laetitia They
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Gennetier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Sanchez
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Eliaou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France.,OREGA Biotech, Ecully, France.,Département d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Nathalie Bonnefoy
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Lafont
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM); INSERM, U1194; Université Montpellier; Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France.,Département d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier et Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montpellier, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier cedex 5, France
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23
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Gardner JK, Mamotte CD, Jackaman C, Nelson DJ. Modulation of dendritic cell and T cell cross-talk during aging: The potential role of checkpoint inhibitory molecules. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 38:40-51. [PMID: 28736117 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) undergo continuous changes throughout life, and there is evidence that elderly DCs have a reduced capacity to stimulate T cells, which may contribute to impaired anti-tumour immune responses in elderly people with cancer. Changes in checkpoint inhibitory molecules/pathways during aging may be one mechanism that impairs the ability of elderly DCs to activate T cells. However, little is currently known regarding the combined effects of aging and cancer on DC and T cell inhibitory molecules/pathways. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the influence of aging and cancer on key DC and T cell inhibitory molecules/pathways, the potential underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to their modulation, and the possibility of therapeutically targeting inhibitory molecules in elderly cancer patients.
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24
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Ma SR, Deng WW, Liu JF, Mao L, Yu GT, Bu LL, Kulkarni AB, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Blockade of adenosine A2A receptor enhances CD8 + T cells response and decreases regulatory T cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:99. [PMID: 28592285 PMCID: PMC5461710 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer immunotherapy offers a promising approach in cancer treatment. The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) could protect cancerous tissues from immune clearance via inhibiting T cells response. To date, the role of A2AR in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has not been investigated. Here, we sought to explore the expression and immunotherapeutic value of A2AR blockade in HNSCC. METHODS The expression of A2AR was evaluated by immunostaining in 43 normal mucosae, 48 dysplasia and 165 primary HNSCC tissues. The immunotherapeutic value of A2AR blockade was assessed in vivo in genetically defined immunocompetent HNSCC mouse model. RESULTS Immunostaining of HNSCC tissue samples revealed that increased expression of A2AR on tumor infiltrating immune cells correlated with advanced pathological grade, larger tumor size and positive lymph node status. Elevated A2AR expression was also detected in recurrent HNSCC and HNSCC tissues with induction chemotherapy. The expression of A2AR was found to be significantly correlated with HIF-1α, CD73, CD8 and Foxp3. Furthermore, the increased population of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which partially expressed A2AR, was observed in an immunocompetent mouse model that spontaneously develops HNSCC. Pharmacological blockade of A2AR by SCH58261 delayed the tumor growth in the HNSCC mouse model. Meanwhile, A2AR blockade significantly reduced the population of CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs and enhanced the anti-tumor response of CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS These results offer a preclinical proof for the administration of A2AR inhibitor on prophylactic experimental therapy of HNSCC and suggest that A2AR blockade can be a potential novel strategy for HNSCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Rui Ma
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079
| | - Liang Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079
| | - Ashok B Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China, 430079. .,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Anwar SL, Wulaningsih W, Lehmann U. Transposable Elements in Human Cancer: Causes and Consequences of Deregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E974. [PMID: 28471386 PMCID: PMC5454887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) comprise nearly half of the human genome and play an essential role in the maintenance of genomic stability, chromosomal architecture, and transcriptional regulation. TEs are repetitive sequences consisting of RNA transposons, DNA transposons, and endogenous retroviruses that can invade the human genome with a substantial contribution in human evolution and genomic diversity. TEs are therefore firmly regulated from early embryonic development and during the entire course of human life by epigenetic mechanisms, in particular DNA methylation and histone modifications. The deregulation of TEs has been reported in some developmental diseases, as well as for different types of human cancers. To date, the role of TEs, the mechanisms underlying TE reactivation, and the interplay with DNA methylation in human cancers remain largely unexplained. We reviewed the loss of epigenetic regulation and subsequent genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations, transcriptional deregulation, oncogenic activation, and aberrations of non-coding RNAs as the potential mechanisms underlying TE deregulation in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumadi Lukman Anwar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany.
- PILAR (Philippine and Indonesian Scholar) Research and Education, 20 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2JD, UK.
| | - Wahyu Wulaningsih
- PILAR (Philippine and Indonesian Scholar) Research and Education, 20 Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2JD, UK.
- MRC (Medical Research Council) Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London WC1B 5JU, UK.
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany.
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26
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Whiteside TL. Targeting adenosine in cancer immunotherapy: a review of recent progress. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 17:527-535. [PMID: 28399672 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2017.1316197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adenosine pathway plays a key role in modulating immune responses in health and in disease. In health, anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine balance pro-inflammatory ATP, limiting tissue destruction by activated immune cells. In disease, this balance is disturbed. Areas covered: This review focuses on cancer and explains how in the microenvironment, the ATP-adenosine balance shifts towards an excess of extracellular adenosine Expert commentary: The CD73-adenosine axis plays a key role in the inhibition of anti-tumor functions of immune effector cells. Today, adenosine emerges as one of the immune checkpoints that are implicated in the tumor escape from the host immune system. The adenosine pathway is currently viewed as a significant barrier to the effectiveness of immune therapies and becomes an important therapeutic target in cancer. Pharmacologic inhibitors or antibodies specific for the components of the adenosine pathways or adenosine receptors show efficacy in pre-clinical studies and are entering the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Whiteside
- a Department of Pathology, Immunology and Otolaryngology , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
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27
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Wennerberg E, Lhuillier C, Vanpouille-Box C, Pilones KA, García-Martínez E, Rudqvist NP, Formenti SC, Demaria S. Barriers to Radiation-Induced In Situ Tumor Vaccination. Front Immunol 2017; 8:229. [PMID: 28348554 PMCID: PMC5346586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunostimulatory properties of radiation therapy (RT) have recently generated widespread interest due to preclinical and clinical evidence that tumor-localized RT can sometimes induce antitumor immune responses mediating regression of non-irradiated metastases (abscopal effect). The ability of RT to activate antitumor T cells explains the synergy of RT with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which has been well documented in mouse tumor models and is supported by observations of more frequent abscopal responses in patients refractory to immunotherapy who receive RT during immunotherapy. However, abscopal responses following RT remain relatively rare in the clinic, and antitumor immune responses are not effectively induced by RT against poorly immunogenic mouse tumors. This suggests that in order to improve the pro-immunogenic effects of RT, it is necessary to identify and overcome the barriers that pre-exist and/or are induced by RT in the tumor microenvironment. On the one hand, RT induces an immunogenic death of cancer cells associated with release of powerful danger signals that are essential to recruit and activate dendritic cells (DCs) and initiate antitumor immune responses. On the other hand, RT can promote the generation of immunosuppressive mediators that hinder DCs activation and impair the function of effector T cells. In this review, we discuss current evidence that several inhibitory pathways are induced and modulated in irradiated tumors. In particular, we will focus on factors that regulate and limit radiation-induced immunogenicity and emphasize current research on actionable targets that could increase the effectiveness of radiation-induced in situ tumor vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wennerberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | - Claire Lhuillier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | | | - Karsten A Pilones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | - Elena García-Martínez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY , USA
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28
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Buqué A, Bloy N, Aranda F, Cremer I, Eggermont A, Fridman WH, Fucikova J, Galon J, Spisek R, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch-Small molecules targeting the immunological tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1149674. [PMID: 27471617 PMCID: PMC4938376 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1149674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressing malignancies establish robust immunosuppressive networks that operate both systemically and locally. In particular, as tumors escape immunosurveillance, they recruit increasing amounts of myeloid and lymphoid cells that exert pronounced immunosuppressive effects. These cells not only prevent the natural recognition of growing neoplasms by the immune system, but also inhibit anticancer immune responses elicited by chemo-, radio- and immuno therapeutic interventions. Throughout the past decade, multiple strategies have been devised to counteract the accumulation or activation of tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells for therapeutic purposes. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical advances on the use of small molecules that target the immunological tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy. These agents include inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1), prostaglandin E2, and specific cytokine receptors, as well as modulators of intratumoral purinergic signaling and arginine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Fernando Aranda
- Group of Immune receptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | | | - Wolf Hervé Fridman
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 13, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
- Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U970, Paris, France
- Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
- Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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29
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Weiler M, Schmetzer H, Braeu M, Buhmann R. Inhibitory effect of extracellular purine nucleotide and nucleoside concentrations on T cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 349:1-14. [PMID: 27233214 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The release of nucleic acids and derivatives after tissue-injury may affect cellular immune-response. We studied the impact of extracellular ribo-, desoxyribonucleotides and nucleosides on T-cell immunity. Peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) or isolated CD3+T-cells obtained from 6 healthy donors were stimulated via CD3/CD28 Dynabeads or dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence or absence of pyrimidine-, purine-nucleotides and -nucleosides (range 2-200µM). Addition of deoxy-, guanosine-triphosphate (dGTP, GTP) and guanosine resulted concentration dependent in a complete, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) in a partial inhibition of the induced T-cell-proliferation. Deoxyadenosine-triphosphate (dATP), adenosine and the pyrimidine-ribo- and -deoxyribonucleotides displayed no inhibitory capacity. Inhibitory effects of dGTP and GTP, but not of guanosine and ATP were culture-media-dependent and could be almost abrogated by use of the serum-free lymphocyte-culture-media X-Vivo15 instead of RPMI1640 with standard-supplementation. In contrast to RPMI1640, X-Vivo15 resulted in a significant down-regulation of the cell-surface-located ectonucleotidases CD39 (Ecto-Apyrase) and CD73 (Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase), critical for the extracellular nucleotides-hydrolysis to nucleosides, explaining the loss of inhibition mediated by dGTP and GTP, but not Guanosine. In line with previous findings ATP was found to exert immunosuppressive effects on T-cell-proliferation. Purine-nucleotides, dGTP and GTP displayed a higher inhibitory capacity, but seem to be strictly dependent on the microenvironmental conditions modulating the responsiveness of the respective T-lymphocytes. Further evaluation of experimental and respective clinical settings should anticipate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Weiler
- Department of Medicine III and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga Schmetzer
- Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Marion Braeu
- Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine III and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Raymund Buhmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich; German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine III and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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30
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Therapy-induced microenvironmental changes in cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:497-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Rampazzo C, Tozzi MG, Dumontet C, Jordheim LP. The druggability of intracellular nucleotide-degrading enzymes. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:883-93. [PMID: 26614508 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide metabolism is the target of a large number of anticancer drugs including antimetabolites and specific enzyme inhibitors. We review scientific findings that over the last 10-15 years have allowed the identification of several intracellular nucleotide-degrading enzymes as cancer drug targets, and discuss further potential therapeutic applications for Rcl, SAMHD1, MTH1 and cN-II. We believe that enzymes involved in nucleotide metabolism represent potent alternatives to conventional cancer chemotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rampazzo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France.,Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France.,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France.,Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon 1, 69622, Lyon, France. .,Université de Lyon 1, 69000, Lyon, France. .,INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France. .,Centre Léon Bérard, 69008, Lyon, France. .,Equipe Anticorps-Anticancer, INSERM U1052 - CNRS UMR 5286, Faculté Rockefeller, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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