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Zak J, Pratumchai I, Marro BS, Marquardt KL, Zavareh RB, Lairson LL, Oldstone MBA, Varner JA, Hegerova L, Cao Q, Farooq U, Kenkre VP, Bachanova V, Teijaro JR. JAK inhibition enhances checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. Science 2024; 384:eade8520. [PMID: 38900864 PMCID: PMC11283877 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Unleashing antitumor T cell activity by checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy is effective in cancer patients, but clinical responses are limited. Cytokine signaling through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway correlates with checkpoint immunotherapy resistance. We report a phase I clinical trial of the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib with anti-PD-1 antibody nivolumab in Hodgkin lymphoma patients relapsed or refractory following checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. The combination yielded a best overall response rate of 53% (10/19). Ruxolitinib significantly reduced neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and percentages of myeloid suppressor cells but increased numbers of cytokine-producing T cells. Ruxolitinib rescued the function of exhausted T cells and enhanced the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical solid tumor and lymphoma models. This synergy was characterized by a switch from suppressive to immunostimulatory myeloid cells, which enhanced T cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Zak
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Isaraphorn Pratumchai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brett S. Marro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Kristi L. Marquardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Luke L. Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Judith A. Varner
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Livia Hegerova
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Biostatistics Core, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Umar Farooq
- Division of Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | | | - Veronika Bachanova
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - John R. Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
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2
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Pan X, Wang J, Zhang L, Li G, Huang B. Metabolic plasticity of T cell fate decision. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:762-775. [PMID: 38086394 PMCID: PMC10997312 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficacy of adaptive immune responses in cancer treatment relies heavily on the state of the T cells. Upon antigen exposure, T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming, leading to the development of functional effectors or memory populations. However, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic stress impairs CD8 + T cell anti-tumor immunity, resulting in exhausted differentiation. Recent studies suggested that targeting T cell metabolism could offer promising therapeutic opportunities to enhance T cell immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors necessary for metabolic reprogramming during the development of effector and memory T cells in response to acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we delved into the different metabolic switches that occur during T cell exhaustion, exploring how prolonged metabolic stress within the TME triggers alterations in cellular metabolism and the epigenetic landscape that contribute to T cell exhaustion, ultimately leading to a persistently exhausted state. Understanding the intricate relationship between T cell metabolism and cancer immunotherapy can lead to the development of novel approaches to improve the efficacy of T cell-based treatments against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guideng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Element, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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3
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Tan K, Fang Z, Kong L, Cheng C, Hwang S, Xu M. Pan-cancer analyses reveal GTSE1 as a biomarker for the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34996. [PMID: 37653815 PMCID: PMC10470696 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
G2 and S phase-expressed-1 (GTSE1) has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis in many cancer types. However, the knowledge of GTSE1 across 33 cancer types remains scarce, and the mechanisms by which GTSE1 promotes cancer development remain incompletely understood. R language and TIMER2.0 were used to analyze the clinical relevance of GTSE1 across > 10,000 subjects representing 33 cancer types based on the cancer genome atlas databases. The expression of GTSE1 was upregulated in almost all cancer types and hyperactivity of GTSE1 is likely to induce DNA repair response and positively correlates with the tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability which are both promising predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy. GTSE1 was upregulated in TP53 mutation patients. Additionally, GTSE1 also positively correlates with tumor purity and tumor infiltration of immune-suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Consistently, high expression of GTSE1 is associated with poor patient survival in many cancer types. Conclusion: Our study provides new insights into the diagnostic and prognostic role of GTSE1 in cancers and suggests therapeutic approaches for GTSE1-overexpressing cancers by targeting DNA repair response, and the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Fang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingzhen Kong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sydney Hwang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Calderon JJ, Prieto K, Lasso P, Fiorentino S, Barreto A. Modulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment by Natural Products. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:17. [PMID: 37410164 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
During carcinogenesis, the microenvironment plays a fundamental role in tumor progression and resistance. This tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by being highly immunosuppressive in most cases, which makes it an important target for the development of new therapies. One of the most important groups of cells that orchestrate immunosuppression in TME is myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which have multiple mechanisms to suppress the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes and thus protect the tumor. In this review, we will discuss the importance of modulating MDSCs as a therapeutic target and how the use of natural products, due to their multiple mechanisms of action, can be a key alternative for modulating these cells and thus improve response to therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Jairo Calderon
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karol Prieto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Lasso
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Susana Fiorentino
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 # 43-82. Edificio 50 Laboratorio 101, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kajihara N, Kobayashi T, Otsuka R, Nio-Kobayashi J, Oshino T, Takahashi M, Imanishi S, Hashimoto A, Wada H, Seino KI. Tumor-derived interleukin-34 creates an immunosuppressive and chemoresistant tumor microenvironment by modulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:851-864. [PMID: 36104597 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by a lack of therapeutic targets. The paucity of effective treatment options motivated a number of studies to tackle this problem. Immunosuppressive cells infiltrated into the tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC are currently considered as candidates for new therapeutic targets. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been reported to populate in the TME of TNBC, but their roles in the clinical and biological features of TNBC have not been clarified. This study identified that interleukin-34 (IL-34) released by TNBC cells is a crucial immunomodulator to regulate MDSCs accumulation in the TME. We provide evidence that IL-34 induces a differentiation of myeloid stem cells into monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs) that recruits regulatory T (Treg) cells, while suppressing a differentiation into polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs). As a result, the increase in M-MDSCs contributes to the creation of an immunosuppressive TME, and the decrease in PMN-MDSCs suppresses angiogenesis, leading to an acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy. Accordingly, blockade of M-MDSC differentiation with an estrogen receptor inhibitor or anti-IL-34 monoclonal antibody suppressed M-MDSCs accumulation causing retardation of tumor growth and restores chemosensitivity of the tumor by promoting PMN-MDSCs accumulation. This study demonstrates previously poorly understood mechanisms of MDSCs-mediated chemoresistance in the TME of TNBC, which is originated from the existence of IL-34, suggesting a new rationale for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Kajihara
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takuto Kobayashi
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ryo Otsuka
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Oshino
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Seiichi Imanishi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Nagasone-cho 1179-3, Kita-ku, Sakai city, Osaka, 591-8025, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Haruka Wada
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo city, Hokkaido, 060-0815, Japan.
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6
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Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor recurrence. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:113-142. [PMID: 36640224 PMCID: PMC9840433 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of primary tumor cells in distant organs, termed metastasis, is the principal cause of cancer mortality and is a crucial therapeutic target in oncology. Thus, it is critical to establish a better understanding of metastatic progression for the future development of improved therapeutic approaches. Indeed, such development requires insight into the timing of tumor cell dissemination and seeding of distant organs resulting in occult lesions. Following dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor, they can reside in niches in distant organs for years or decades, following which they can emerge as an overt metastasis. This timeline of metastatic dormancy is regulated by interactions between the tumor, its microenvironment, angiogenesis, and tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. An improved understanding of the mechanisms and interactions responsible for immune evasion and tumor cell release from dormancy would help identify and aid in the development of novel targeted therapeutics. One such mediator of dormancy is myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), whose number in the peripheral blood (PB) or infiltrating tumors has been associated with cancer stage, grade, patient survival, and metastasis in a broad range of tumor pathologies. Thus, extensive studies have revealed a role for MDSCs in tumor escape from adoptive and innate immune responses, facilitating tumor progression and metastasis; however, few studies have considered their role in dormancy. We have posited that MDSCs may regulate disseminated tumor cells resulting in resurgence of senescent tumor cells. In this review, we discuss clinical studies that address mechanisms of tumor recurrence including from dormancy, the role of MDSCs in their escape from dormancy during recurrence, the development of occult metastases, and the potential for MDSC inhibition as an approach to prolong the survival of patients with advanced malignancies. We stress that assessing the impact of therapies on MDSCs versus other cellular targets is challenging within the multimodality interventions required clinically.
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Varela VA, da Silva Heinen LB, Marti LC, Caraciolo VB, Datoguia TS, Amano MT, Pereira WO. In vitro differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC-like) from an immature myelomonocytic precursor THP-1. J Immunol Methods 2023; 515:113441. [PMID: 36848984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population with a potent suppressor profile that regulates immune responses. These cells are one of the main components of the microenvironment of several diseases, including solid and hematologic tumors, autoimmunities, and chronic inflammation. However, their wide use in studies is limited due to they comprehend a rare population, which is difficult to isolate, expand, differentiate, and maintain in culture. Additionally, this population has a complex phenotypic and functional characterization. OBJECTIVE To develop a protocol for the in vitro production of MDSC-like population from the differentiation of the immature myeloid cell line THP-1. METHODS We stimulated THP-1 with G-CSF (100 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for seven days to differentiate into the MDSC-like profile. At the end of the protocol, we characterized these cells phenotypically and functionally by immunophenotyping, gene expression analysis, cytokine release dosage, lymphocyte proliferation, and NK-mediated killing essays. RESULTS We differentiate THP-1 cells in an MDSC-like population, named THP1-MDSC-like, which presented immunophenotyping and gene expression profiles compatible with that described in the literature. Furthermore, we verified that this phenotypic and functional differentiation did not deviate to a macrophage profile of M1 or M2. These THP1-MDSC-like cells secreted several immunoregulatory cytokines into the microenvironment, consistent with the suppressor profile related to MDSC. In addition, the supernatant of these cells decreased the proliferation of activated lymphocytes and impaired the apoptosis of leukemic cells induced by NK cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed an effective protocol for MDSC in vitro production from the differentiation of the immature myeloid cell line THP-1 induced by G-CSF and IL-4. Furthermore, we demonstrated that THP1-MDSC-like suppressor cells contribute to the immune escape of AML cells. Potentially, these THP1-MDSC-like cells can be applied on a large-scale platform, thus being able to impact the course of several studies and models such as cancer, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Araújo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Bulcão Caraciolo
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Santos Datoguia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Siemińska I, Baran J. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as Key Players and Promising Therapy Targets in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862416. [PMID: 35860573 PMCID: PMC9289201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most often diagnosed malignancy in men and one of the major causes of cancer death worldwide. Despite genetic predispositions, environmental factors, including a high-fat diet, obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, infections of the prostate, and exposure to chemicals or ionizing radiation, play a crucial role in PC development. Moreover, due to a lack of, or insufficient T-cell infiltration and its immunosuppressive microenvironment, PC is frequently classified as a “cold” tumor. This is related to the absence of tumor-associated antigens, the lack of T-cell activation and their homing into the tumor bed, and the presence of immunological cells with regulatory functions, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). All of them, by a variety of means, hamper anti-tumor immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME), stimulating tumor growth and the formation of metastases. Therefore, they emerge as potential anti-cancer therapy targets. This article is focused on the function and role of MDSCs in the initiation and progression of PC. Clinical trials directly targeting this cell population or affecting its biological functions, thus limiting its pro-tumorigenic activity, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Siemińska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Jagiellonian University - University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jarek Baran
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Jarek Baran,
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Li T, Bou-Dargham MJ, Fultang N, Li X, Pear WS, Sun H, Chen YH. c-Rel-dependent monocytes are potent immune suppressor cells in cancer. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:845-859. [PMID: 35694784 PMCID: PMC9530019 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma0422-518rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of leukocytes that are important for tumorigenesis and tumor immunotherapy. They comprise up to 10% of leukocytes in the blood of tumor patients and their depletion may be required for successful tumor immunotherapy. However, the identity of MDSCs remains obscure, primarily due to their heterogeneity and lack of a known lineage-specific transcription factor specifying their differentiation. Using single-cell transcriptomics and gene knockout approaches, we now describe a subset of murine and human myeloid suppressor cells, named rel-dependent monocytes (rMos), which are programmed by the transcription factor c-Rel of the NF-κB family. Unlike MDSCs described previously, the c-Rel-dependent monocytes expressed a high amount of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β together with a low level of suppressive molecule arginase 1. Both in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice, these c-Rel+ IL-1βhi Arg1- monocytes promoted tumor growth by potently suppressing T cell function and showed a strong migratory phenotype, all of which were impaired by c-Rel deficiency or inhibition. Mechanistic studies revealed that c-Rel controlled the expression of monocyte signature genes through a unique transcriptional complex called the c-Rel enhanceosome, and IL-1β-CCL2 crosstalk between tumor cells and the rel-dependent monocytes maintained the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Thus, c-Rel specifies the development of a suppressive monocyte population and could be selectively targeted for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mayassa J Bou-Dargham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Norman Fultang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Warren S Pear
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Honghong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAS Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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10
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Wen T, Su C, Cheng X, Wang Y, Ma T, Bai Z, Zhang H, Liu Z. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressors cells correlate with clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes undergoing neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1184-1194. [PMID: 34988921 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myeloid-derived suppressors cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immunosuppressive cells, closely related to the development, efficacy and prognosis in various tumors. The relationship between clinicopathological characteristics, efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIO) and circulating MDSCs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated in this study. METHODS This study analyzed the clinical data of patients diagnosed at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital from November 2020 to August 2021. MDSCs and T cells subgroups were measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) at baseline. Flow cytometry was used to detect MDSCs and T cells subgroups. RESULTS A total of 78 patients with NSCLC and 20 patients with benign nodule underwent direct surgery. 23 patients with NSCLC scheduled to accept NCIO before surgery. NSCLC had elevated levels of total MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs compared to patients with benign nodule. MDSCs subgroups were correlated to the pTNM stage in NSCLC patients. The frequency of total MDSCs were moderately positively correlated with regulatory T cells (Tregs)(r = 0.3597, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with CD4 + T cells(r = 0.2714, P < 0.05). The baseline levels of total MDSCs, PMN-MDSCs and Tregs in pCR patients were significantly decreased than those of non-pCR patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Circulating MDSCs were increased in NSCLC patients. MDSC subgroups were related to pTNM stage in NSCLC patients. Total MDSCs were positively correlated with Tregs levels and negatively correlated with CD4 + T cells in peripheral blood. The level of MDSCs and Tregs in peripheral blood may have potential value in predicting pathological response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wen
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - C Su
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - X Cheng
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - T Ma
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Bai
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Z Liu
- No. 2 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Wang JC, Sun L. PD-1/PD-L1, MDSC Pathways, and Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy in Ph(-) Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5837. [PMID: 35628647 PMCID: PMC9143160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been significant progress in immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in many solid tumor types. However, only a single failed study has been published in treating Ph(-) myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). To make progress in CPI studies on this disease, herein, we review and summarize the mechanisms of activation of the PD-L1 promoter, which are as follows: (a) the extrinsic mechanism, which is activated by interferon gamma (IFN γ) by tumor infiltration lymphocytes (TIL) and NK cells; (b) the intrinsic mechanism of EGFR or PTEN loss resulting in the activation of the MAPK and AKT pathways and then stat 1 and 3 activation; and (c) 9p24 amplicon amplification, resulting in PD-L1 and Jak2 activation. We also review the literature and postulate that many of the failures of CPI therapy in MPN are likely due to excessive MDSC activities. We list all of the anti-MDSC agents, especially those with ruxolitinib, IMID compounds, and BTK inhibitors, which may be combined with CPI therapy in the future as part of clinical trials applying CPI therapy to Ph(-) MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Chin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA;
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12
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Anti-Gr-1 Antibody Provides Short-Term Depletion of MDSC in Lymphodepleted Mice with Active-Specific Melanoma Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040560. [PMID: 35455309 PMCID: PMC9032646 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphodepletion, reconstitution and active-specific tumor cell vaccination (LRAST) enhances the induction of tumor-specific T cells in a murine melanoma model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) may counteract the induction of tumor-reactive T cells and their therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate a possible benefit of MDSC depletion using anti-Gr-1 antibodies (Ab) in combination with LRAST. Female C57BL/6 mice with 3 days established subcutaneous (s.c.) D5 melanoma were lymphodepleted with cyclophosphamide and reconstituted with naive splenocytes. Vaccination was performed with irradiated syngeneic mGM-CSF-secreting D5G6 melanoma cells. MDSC depletion was performed using anti-Gr-1 Ab (clone RB6-8C5). Induction of tumor-specific T cells derived from tumor vaccine draining lymph nodes (TVDLN) was evaluated by the amount of tumor-specific interferon (IFN)-γ release. LRAST combined with anti-Gr-1 mAb administration enhanced the induction of tumor-specific T cells in TVDLN capable of releasing IFN-γ in a tumor-specific manner. Additional anti-Gr-1 mAb administration in LRAST-treated mice delayed growth of D5 melanomas by two weeks. Furthermore, we elucidate the impact of anti-Gr-1-depleting antibodies on the memory T cell compartment. Our data indicate that standard of care treatment regimens against cancer can be improved by implementing agents, e.g., depleting antibodies, which target and eliminate MDSC.
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13
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Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Lymphoma: Focus on Epigenetics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061469. [PMID: 35326620 PMCID: PMC8946119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes or natural killer cells characterized by clonal lymphoproliferation. This tumor comprises a diverse and heterogeneous group of malignancies with distinct clinical, histopathological, and molecular characteristics. Despite advances in lymphoma treatment, clinical outcomes of patients with relapsed or refractory disease remain poor. Thus, a deeper understanding of molecular pathogenesis and tumor progression of lymphoma is required. Epigenetic alterations contribute to cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. In fact, over the past decade, dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been identified in lymphomas, and the knowledge of the epigenetic aberrations has led to the emergence of the promising epigenetic therapy field in lymphoma tumors. However, epigenetic aberrations in lymphoma not only have been found in tumor cells, but also in cells from the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells. Whereas the epigenetic dysregulation in lymphoma cells is being intensively investigated, there are limited studies regarding the epigenetic mechanisms that affect the functions of immune cells from the tumor microenvironment in lymphoma. Therefore, this review tries to provide a general overview of epigenetic alterations that affect both lymphoma cells and infiltrating immune cells within the tumor, as well as the epigenetic cross-talk between them.
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14
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Sanchez-Pino MD, Richardson WS, Zabaleta J, Puttalingaiah RT, Chapple AG, Liu J, Kim Y, Ponder M, DeArmitt R, Baiamonte LB, Wyczechowska D, Zheng L, Al-Khami AA, Garai J, Martini R, Davis M, Gorham JK, Wooldridge JB, Rodriguez PC, Miele L, Ochoa AC. Increased inflammatory low-density neutrophils in severe obesity and effect of bariatric surgery: Results from case-control and prospective cohort studies. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103910. [PMID: 35248994 PMCID: PMC8897585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density neutrophils (LDN) are increased in several inflammatory diseases and may also play a role in the low-grade chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Here we explored their role in obesity, determined their gene signatures, and assessed the effect of bariatric surgery. METHODS We compared the number, function, and gene expression profiles of circulating LDN in morbidly obese patients (MOP, n=27; body mass index (BMI) > 40 Kg/m2) and normal-weight controls (NWC, n=20; BMI < 25 Kg/m2) in a case-control study. Additionally, in a prospective longitudinal study, we measured changes in the frequency of LDN after bariatric surgery (n=36) and tested for associations with metabolic and inflammatory parameters. FINDINGS LDN and inflammatory markers were significantly increased in MOP compared to NWC. Transcriptome analysis showed increased neutrophil-related gene expression signatures associated with inflammation, neutrophil activation, and immunosuppressive function. However, LDN did not suppress T cells proliferation and produced low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Circulating LDN in MOP significantly decreased after bariatric surgery in parallel with BMI, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory markers. INTERPRETATION Obesity increases LDN displaying an inflammatory gene signature. Our results suggest that LDN may represent a neutrophil subset associated with chronic inflammation, a feature of obesity that has been previously associated with the appearance and progression of co-morbidities. Furthermore, bariatric surgery, as an efficient therapy for severe obesity, reduces LDN in circulation and improves several components of the metabolic syndrome supporting its recognized anti-inflammatory and beneficial metabolic effects. FUNDING This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH; 5P30GM114732-02, P20CA233374 - A. Ochoa and L. Miele), Pennington Biomedical NORC (P30DK072476 - E. Ravussin & LSU-NO Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center and Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (LACaTS; U54-GM104940 - J. Kirwan).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dulfary Sanchez-Pino
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ramesh Thylur Puttalingaiah
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Andrew G Chapple
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Yonghyan Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michelle Ponder
- Biorepository Unit, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Randi DeArmitt
- Biorepository Unit, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rachel Martini
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Cell and Developmental Biology in Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Davis
- Department of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Cell and Developmental Biology in Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Augusto C Ochoa
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, Room 911, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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15
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Koinis F, Xagara A, Chantzara E, Leontopoulou V, Aidarinis C, Kotsakis A. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Prostate Cancer: Present Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Cells 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 35011582 PMCID: PMC8750906 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several lines of research are being investigated to better understand mechanisms implicated in response or resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in prostate cancer (PCa). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment that promotes progression of various tumor types. The main mechanisms underlying MDSC-induced immunosuppression are currently being explored and strategies to enhance anti-tumor immune response via MDSC targeting are being tested. However, the role of MDSCs in PCa remains elusive. In this review, we aim to summarize and present the state-of-the-art knowledge on current methodologies to phenotypically and metabolically characterize MDSCs in PCa. We describe how these characteristics may be linked with MDSC function and may influence the clinical outcomes of patients with PCa. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging strategies being employed to therapeutically target MDSCs and potentiate the long-overdue improvement in the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippos Koinis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Xagara
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Chantzara
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Vassiliki Leontopoulou
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Chrissovalantis Aidarinis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41221 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece; (F.K.); (E.C.); (V.L.); (C.A.)
- Laboratory of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Thessaly, Greece;
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16
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Han C, Ge M, Ho PC, Zhang L. Fueling T-cell Antitumor Immunity: Amino Acid Metabolism Revisited. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:1373-1382. [PMID: 34716193 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T cells are the key players in eliminating malignant tumors. Adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells and immune checkpoint blockade has yielded durable antitumor responses in the clinic, but not all patients respond initially and some that do respond eventually have tumor progression. Thus, new approaches to enhance the utility of immunotherapy are needed. T-cell activation and differentiation status are tightly controlled at the transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic levels. Amino acids are involved in multiple steps of T-cell antitumor immunity, including T-cell activation, proliferation, effector function, memory formation as well as functional exhaustion. In this review, we briefly discuss how amino acid metabolism is linked to T-cell fate decisions and summarize how amino acid deprivation or accumulation of certain amino acid metabolites within the tumor microenvironment diminishes T-cell functionality. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for immunotherapy via modulating amino acid metabolism either in T cells intrinsically or extrinsically to achieve therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Han
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Minmin Ge
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
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17
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Van Wigcheren GF, De Haas N, Mulder TA, Horrevorts SK, Bloemendal M, Hins-Debree S, Mao Y, Kiessling R, van Herpen CML, Flórez-Grau G, Hato SV, De Vries IJM. Cisplatin inhibits frequency and suppressive activity of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1935557. [PMID: 34239773 PMCID: PMC8237969 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1935557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have induced long-lasting responses in cancer patients including those with melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the majority of treated patients does not achieve clinical benefit from immunotherapy because of systemic tumor-induced immunosuppression. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) are implicated as key players in inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses and their frequencies are closely associated with tumor progression. Tumor-derived signals, including signaling via STAT3-COX-2, induce the transformation of monocytic precursors into suppressive M-MDSCs. In a retrospective assessment, we observed that survival of melanoma patients undergoing dendritic cell vaccination was negatively associated with blood M-MDSC levels. Previously, it was shown that platinum-based chemotherapeutics inhibit STAT signaling. Here, we show that cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment interfere with the development of M-MDSCs, potentially synergizing with cancer immunotherapy. In vitro, subclinical doses of platinum-based drugs prevented the generation of COX-2+ M-MDSCs induced by tumor cells from melanoma patients. This was confirmed in HNSCC patients where intravenous cisplatin treatment drastically lowered M-MDSC frequency while monocyte levels remained stable. In treated patients, expression of COX-2 and arginase-1 in M-MDSCs was significantly decreased after two rounds of cisplatin, indicating inhibition of STAT3 signaling. In line, the capacity of M-MDSCs to inhibit activated T cell responses ex vivo was significantly decreased after patients received cisplatin. These results show that platinum-based chemotherapeutics inhibit the expansion and suppressive activity of M-MDSCs in vitro and in cancer patients. Therefore, platinum-based drugs have the potential to enhance response rates of immunotherapy by overcoming M-MDSC-mediated immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F Van Wigcheren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke De Haas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom A Mulder
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophie K Horrevorts
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Bloemendal
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Hins-Debree
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yumeng Mao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Georgina Flórez-Grau
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stanleyson V Hato
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M De Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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18
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Palazón-Carrión N, Martin Garcia-Sancho A, Nogales-Fernandez E, Carnicero-González F, Ríos-Herranz E, de la Cruz-Vicente F, Rodríguez-García G, Fernández-Álvarez R, Rueda Dominguez A, Casanova-Espinosa M, Martínez-Banaclocha N, Gumà-Padrò J, Gómez-Codina J, Labrador J, Salar-Silvestre A, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Galvez-Carvajal L, Provencio M, Sánchez-Beato M, Guirado-Risueño M, Espejo-García P, Lejeune M, Álvaro T, Sánchez-Margalet V, de la Cruz-Merino L. Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells as immunological biomarkers in refractory/relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: translational results from the R2-GDP-GOTEL trial. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-002323. [PMID: 34158317 PMCID: PMC8728348 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The search for immunological markers with ability of predicting clinical outcome is a priority in lymphomas, and in cancer in general. It is well known that some immunomodulatory cells, such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) or regulatory T cells (Tregs), are recruited by tumors, jeopardizing antitumor immunosurveillance. In this work, we have studied blood levels of these immunosuppressive cells in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R DLBCL), prior to and along the course of the experimental rituximab, gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (R2-GDP) schedule, as a translational substudy of the R2-GDP-GOTEL trial (EudraCT Number: 2014-001620-29), which included lenalidomide as an immunomodulator. Methods Blood samples were taken before treatment, at cycle 3 and end of induction. Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Non-parametric tests were used. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare basal cells distributions, and Wilcoxon test was considered to compare cells distribution at different times. Spearman test was performed to measure the degree of association between cell populations. Results In this study, MDSC and Treg circulating concentration was found increased in all patients compared with a healthy control group and decreased after treatment only in patients with longest overall survival (>24 months), reaching the levels of the healthy group. Likewise, the number of inhibited T lymphocytes expressing Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) were increased in peripheral blood from patients and decreased on the treatment, whereas activated T lymphocytes increased after therapy in those with better overall survival. Conclusions In conclusion, blood concentration of MDSCs and Treg cells may be good prognostic markers for overall survival after 2 years in R/R DLBCL. These results point to a possible role of these elements in the immunosuppression of these patients, as assessed by the circulating activated and inhibited T lymphocytes, and therefore, they may be considered as therapeutic targets in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Esteban Nogales-Fernandez
- Clinical Oncology Dept. Medicine Department, University of Seville, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Josep Gumà-Padrò
- Clinical Oncology Dept, Sant Joan de Reus University Hospital URV, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Labrador
- Hematology Dept, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Galvez-Carvajal
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica de Málaga, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Clinical Oncology Dept, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sánchez-Beato
- Lymphoma Research Group, Clinical Oncology Dept, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Guirado-Risueño
- Clinical Oncology Dept, Elche General University Hospital General, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Espejo-García
- Clinical Oncology Dept. Medicine Department, University of Seville, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Marylene Lejeune
- Pathology Department, Plataforma de Estudios Histológicos, Citológicos y de Digitalización, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, IISPV, URV, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tomás Álvaro
- Pathology Dept, Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Catalan Institute of Health, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victor Sánchez-Margalet
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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19
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Yan X, Xie Y, Yang F, Hua Y, Zeng T, Sun C, Yang M, Huang X, Wu H, Fu Z, Li W, Jiao S, Yin Y. Comprehensive description of the current breast cancer microenvironment advancements via single-cell analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:142. [PMID: 33906694 PMCID: PMC8077685 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01949-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a complex microenvironment consisting of tumor cells, immune cells, fibroblasts and vascular cells. These cancer-associated cells shape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence the progression of breast cancer and the therapeutic responses in patients. The exact composition of the intra-tumoral cells is mixed as the highly heterogeneous and dynamic nature of the TME. Recent advances in single-cell technologies such as single-cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and mass cytometry have provided new insights into the phenotypic and functional diversity of tumor-infiltrating cells in breast cancer. In this review, we have outlined the recent progress in single-cell characterization of breast tumor ecosystems, and summarized the phenotypic diversity of intra-tumoral cells and their potential prognostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Yan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yinghong Xie
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yijia Hua
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mengzhu Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Shiping Jiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Drum Tower Institute of clinical medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yongmei Yin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:391-411. [PMID: 33411082 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spread of primary tumor cells to distant organs, termed metastasis, is the principal cause of cancer mortality and is a critical therapeutic target in oncology. Thus, a better understanding of metastatic progression is critical for improved therapeutic approaches requiring insight into the timing of tumor cell dissemination and seeding of distant organs, which can lead to the formation of occult lesions. However, due to limitations in imaging techniques, primary tumors can only be detected when they reach a relatively large size (e.g., > 1 cm3), which, based on our understanding of tumor evolution, is 10 to 20 years (30 doubling times) following tumor initiation. Recent insights into the timing of metastasis are based on the genomic profiling of paired primary tumors and metastases, suggesting that tumor cell seeding of secondary sites occurs early during tumor progression and years prior to diagnosis. Following seeding, tumor cells may remain in a dormant state as single cells or micrometastases before emerging as overt lesions. This timeline and the role of metastatic dormancy are regulated by interactions between the tumor, its microenvironment, and tumor-specific T cell responses. An improved understanding of the mechanisms and interactions responsible for immune evasion and tumor cell release from dormancy would support the development of novel targeted therapeutics. We posit herein that the immunosuppressive mechanisms mediated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a major contributor to tumor progression, and that these mechanisms promote tumor cell escape from dormancy. Thus, while extensive studies have demonstrated a role for MDSCs in the escape from adoptive and innate immune responses (T-, natural killer (NK)-, and B cell responses), facilitating tumor progression and metastasis, few studies have considered their role in dormancy. In this review, we discuss the role of MDSC expansion, driven by tumor burden, and its role in escape from dormancy, resulting in occult metastases, and the potential for MDSC inhibition as an approach to prolong the survival of patients with advanced malignancies.
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21
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Yin K, Xia X, Rui K, Wang T, Wang S. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: A New and Pivotal Player in Colorectal Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:610104. [PMID: 33384962 PMCID: PMC7770157 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a devastating human malignancy with poor prognosis. Of the various factors, immune evasion mechanisms play pivotal roles in CRC progression and impede the effects of cancer therapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute an immature population of myeloid cells that are typical during tumor progression. These cells have the ability to induce strong immunosuppressive effects within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promote CRC development. Indeed, MDSCs have been shown to accumulate in both tumor-bearing mice and CRC patients, and may therefore become an obstacle for cancer immunotherapy. Consequently, numerous studies have focused on the characterization of MDSCs and their immunosuppressive capacity, as well as developing novel approaches to suppress MDSCs function with different approaches. Current therapeutic strategies that target MDSCs in CRC include inhibition of their recruitment and alteration of their function, alone or in combination with other therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we summarize the recent roles and mechanisms of MDSCs in CRC progression. In addition, a brief review of MDSC-targeting approaches for potential CRC therapy is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xueli Xia
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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Jøntvedt Jørgensen M, Jenum S, Tonby K, Mortensen R, Walzl G, Du Plessis N, Dyrhol-Riise AM. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells reflect tuberculosis severity and are influenced by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 110:177-186. [PMID: 33155730 PMCID: PMC8359170 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0720-409rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) increase in tuberculosis (TB) and may be targets for host‐directed therapy (HDT). In this study, we use flow cytometry to analyze the effects of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors (COX‐2i) on monocytic (M)‐MDSCs in blood from TB patients attending a clinical trial of COX‐2i. The effects of COX‐2i on M‐MDSCs and mycobacterial uptake were also studied by an in vitro mycobacterial infection model. We found that M‐MDSC frequencies correlated with TB disease severity. Reduced M‐MDSC (P = 0.05) and IDO (P = 0.03) expression was observed in the COX‐2i group. We show that peripheral blood‐derived M‐MDSCs successfully internalized Mycobacterium bovis and that in vitro mycobacterial infection increased COX‐2 (P = 0.002), PD‐L1 (P = 0.01), and Arginase‐1 (P = 0.002) expression in M‐MDSCs. Soluble IL‐1β, IL‐10, and S100A9 were reduced in COX‐2i‐treated M‐MDSCs cultures (P < 0.05). We show novel data that COX‐2i had limited effect in vivo but reduced M‐MDSC cytokine production in vitro. The relevance of COX‐2i in a HDT strategy needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Jenum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Mortensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Nelita Du Plessis
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Yaseen MM, Abuharfeil NM, Darmani H, Daoud A. Mechanisms of immune suppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells: the role of interleukin-10 as a key immunoregulatory cytokine. Open Biol 2020; 10:200111. [PMID: 32931721 PMCID: PMC7536076 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic immune activation and inflammation are unwanted consequences of many pathological conditions, since they could lead to tissue damage and immune exhaustion, both of which can worsen the pathological condition status. In fact, the immune system is naturally equipped with immunoregulatory cells that can limit immune activation and inflammation. However, chronic activation of downregulatory immune responses is also associated with unwanted consequences that, in turn, could lead to disease progression as seen in the case of cancer and chronic infections. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are now considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory pathological conditions, including different types of cancer and chronic infections. As a potent immunosuppressor cell population, MDSCs can inhibit specific and non-specific immune responses via different mechanisms that, in turn, lead to disease persistence. One such mechanism by which MDSCs can activate their immunosuppressive effects is accomplished by secreting copious amounts of immunosuppressant molecules such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). In this article, we will focus on the pathological role of MDSC expansion in chronic inflammatory conditions including cancer, sepsis/infection, autoimmunity, asthma and ageing, as well as some of the mechanisms by which MDSCs/IL-10 contribute to the disease progression in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mohammad Yaseen
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nizar Mohammad Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Homa Darmani
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ammar Daoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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24
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Manfredi F, Cianciotti BC, Potenza A, Tassi E, Noviello M, Biondi A, Ciceri F, Bonini C, Ruggiero E. TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1689. [PMID: 33013822 PMCID: PMC7494743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach designed to harness T cell specificity and function to fight diseases. Based on the evidence that T lymphocytes can mediate a potent anti-tumor response, initially ACT solely relied on the isolation, in vitro expansion, and infusion of tumor-infiltrating or circulating tumor-specific T cells. Although effective in a subset of cases, in the first ACT clinical trials several patients experienced disease progression, in some cases after temporary disease control. This evidence prompted researchers to improve ACT products by taking advantage of the continuously evolving gene engineering field and by improving manufacturing protocols, to enable the generation of effective and long-term persisting tumor-specific T cell products. Despite recent advances, several challenges, including prioritization of antigen targets, identification, and optimization of tumor-specific T cell receptors, in the development of tools enabling T cells to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, still need to be faced. This review aims at summarizing the major achievements, hurdles and possible solutions designed to improve the ACT efficacy and safety profile in the context of liquid and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Claudia Cianciotti
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Inhibitory effect of kaempferol on mouse melanoma cell line B16 in vivo and in vitro. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 38:498-504. [PMID: 34377134 PMCID: PMC8330872 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Melanoma is a malignant tumour and is the leading cause of death in patients with skin tumours. Aim Kaempferol belongs to a class of flavonoids, and is associated with many biological functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-cancer. However, the inhibitory effect of kaempferol on melanoma still remains unclear. Material and methods The effect of kaempferol on melanoma was determined by conducting both in vitro and in vivo experiments using MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results The in vitro results revealed that kaempferol obviously inhibited cell viability of melanoma B16 cells, induced cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. The in vivo results showed that kaempferol effectively inhibited the growth of mice xenografts. More importantly, kaempferol down-regulated the number of MDSC cells and up-regulated the number of NKT cells and CD8 T cells in the spleen. Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that kaempferol might play an inhibitory role in the growth of melanoma by enhancing anti-tumour immunity of organisms.
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26
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Law AMK, Valdes-Mora F, Gallego-Ortega D. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030561. [PMID: 32121014 PMCID: PMC7140518 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has been an astounding breakthrough in cancer treatments. In particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4, have shown remarkable therapeutic outcomes. However, response rates from immunotherapy have been reported to be varied, with some having pronounced success and others with minimal to no clinical benefit. An important aspect associated with this discrepancy in patient response is the immune-suppressive effects elicited by the tumour microenvironment (TME). Immune suppression plays a pivotal role in regulating cancer progression, metastasis, and reducing immunotherapy success. Most notably, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells, have potent mechanisms to inhibit T-cell and NK-cell activity to promote tumour growth, development of the pre-metastatic niche, and contribute to resistance to immunotherapy. Accumulating research indicates that MDSC can be a therapeutic target to alleviate their pro-tumourigenic functions and immunosuppressive activities to bolster the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we provide an overview of the general immunotherapeutic approaches and discuss the characterisation, expansion, and activities of MDSCs with the current treatments used to target them either as a single therapeutic target or synergistically in combination with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. K. Law
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.L.); (F.V.-M.); (D.G.-O.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9355-5894 (A.M.K.L); +61-(0)2-9385-0143 (F.V.-M); +61-(0)2-9355-5776 (D.G.-O)
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Histone Variants Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.L.); (F.V.-M.); (D.G.-O.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9355-5894 (A.M.K.L); +61-(0)2-9385-0143 (F.V.-M); +61-(0)2-9355-5776 (D.G.-O)
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- Tumour Development Group, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.M.K.L.); (F.V.-M.); (D.G.-O.); Tel.: +61-(0)2-9355-5894 (A.M.K.L); +61-(0)2-9385-0143 (F.V.-M); +61-(0)2-9355-5776 (D.G.-O)
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27
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Vetsika EK, Koukos A, Kotsakis A. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Major Figures that Shape the Immunosuppressive and Angiogenic Network in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1647. [PMID: 31847487 PMCID: PMC6953061 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a vast population of immature myeloid cells implicated in various conditions. Most notably, their role in cancer is of great complexity. They exert immunosuppressive functions like hampering cancer immunity mediated by T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, while simultaneously they can recruit T regulatory cells to further promote immunosuppression, thus shielding tumor cells against the immune defenses. In addition, they were shown to support tumor invasion and metastasis by inducing vascularization. Yet again, in order to exert their angiogenic activities, they do have at their disposal a variety of occasionally overlapping mechanisms, mainly driven by VEGF/JAK/STAT signaling. In this concept, they have risen to be a rather attractive target for therapies, including depletion or maturation, so as to overcome cancer immunity and suppress angiogenic activity. Even though, many studies have been conducted to better understand these cells, there is much to be done yet. This article hopes to shed some light on the paradoxal complexity of these cells, while elucidating some of the key features of MDSCs in relation to immunosuppression and, most importantly, to the vascularization processes, along with current therapeutic options in cancer, in relation to MDSC depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni-Kyriaki Vetsika
- Department of Medicine, pMEDgr, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Aristeidis Koukos
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41334 Larissa, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 41334 Larissa, Greece
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De Cicco P, Ercolano G, Rubino V, Terrazzano G, Ruggiero G, Cirino G, Ianaro A. Modulation of the functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells : a new strategy of hydrogen sulfide anti-cancer effects. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:884-897. [PMID: 31392723 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a major obstacle to cancer treatment, as they negatively regulate anti-tumour immunity through the suppression of tumour-specific T lymphocytes. Thus, the efficacy of immunotherapies may be improved by targeting MDSCs. In this study, we assessed the ability of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), a gasotransmitter whose anti-cancer effects are well known, to inhibit the accumulation and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs in melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of H2 S on the host immune response to cancer were evaluated using an in vivo syngeneic model of murine melanoma. B16F10-melanoma-bearing mice were treated with the H2 S donor, diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and analysed for content of MDSCs, dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells. Effects of H2 S on expression of immunosuppressive genes in MDSCs and on T cell proliferation were evaluated. KEY RESULTS In melanoma-bearing mice, DATS inhibited tumour growth, and this effect was associated with a reduction in the frequency of MDSCs in the spleen, in the blood as well as in the tumour micro-environment. In addition, we found that CD8+ T cells and DCs were increased. Furthermore, DATS reduced the immuno-suppressive activity of MDSCs, restoring T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The H2 S donor compound, DATS, inhibited the expansion and the suppressive functions of MDSCs, suggesting a novel role for H2 S as a modulator of MDSCs in cancer. Therefore, H2 S donors may provide a novel approach for enhancing the efficacy of melanoma immunotherapy. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Cicco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Ianaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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29
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Hellsten R, Lilljebjörn L, Johansson M, Leandersson K, Bjartell A. The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone inhibits the generation of MDSC-like monocytes by prostate cancer cells and decreases immunosuppressive and tumorigenic factors. Prostate 2019; 79:1611-1621. [PMID: 31348843 PMCID: PMC6771992 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is implicated in cancer drug resistance, metastasis, and immunosuppression and has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for new anticancer drugs. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a major role in the suppression of antitumor immunity and STAT3 is involved in the accumulation, generation, and function of MDSCs. Thus, targeting STAT3 holds the potential of reversing immunosuppression in cancer. This study aims to investigate the effect of the small molecule STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone on prostate cancer cell- induced generation of MDSCs from monocytes and the effect on immunosuppressive factors and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Primary human monocytes were cocultured with prostate cancer cells (DU145, PC3, and LNCaP-IL6) or with conditioned medium (CM) from prostate cancer cells in the presence or absence of the STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone. Monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry for an MDSC-like phenotype (CD14+ HLA-DR-/lo ). The secretion and gene expression of immunosuppressive factors and inflammatory cytokines from prostate cancer cells and monocytes were investigated. RESULTS Galiellalactone blocked the prostate cancer cell-induced generation of MDSC-like monocytes with an immunosuppressive phenotype ex vivo. Monocytes cultured with CM from prostate cancer cells showed increased expression of phosphorylated STAT3. Prostate cancer cells increased the expression of interleukin1β (IL1β), IL10, and IL6 in monocytes which was inhibited by galiellalactone. In addition, galiellalactone decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene expression in monocytes. Galiellalactone reduced the levels of IL8 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in prostate cancer cells per se. CONCLUSION The STAT3 inhibitor galiellalactone may prevent the prostate cancer cell-induced generation of MDSCs and reverse the immunosuppressive mechanisms caused by the interplay between prostate cancer cells and MDSCs. This is a potential new immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Hellsten
- Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Lisa Lilljebjörn
- Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | | | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Division of Urological Cancers, Department of Translational MedicineLund UniversityMalmöSweden
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30
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Mohrherr J, Haber M, Breitenecker K, Aigner P, Moritsch S, Voronin V, Eferl R, Moriggl R, Stoiber D, Győrffy B, Brcic L, László V, Döme B, Moldvay J, Dezső K, Bilban M, Popper H, Moll HP, Casanova E. JAK-STAT inhibition impairs K-RAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma progression. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:3376-3388. [PMID: 31407334 PMCID: PMC6856680 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic K‐RAS has been difficult to target and currently there is no K‐RAS‐based targeted therapy available for patients suffering from K‐RAS‐driven lung adenocarcinoma (AC). Alternatively, targeting K‐RAS‐downstream effectors, K‐RAS‐cooperating signaling pathways or cancer hallmarks, such as tumor‐promoting inflammation, has been shown to be a promising therapeutic strategy. Since the JAK–STAT pathway is considered to be a central player in inflammation‐mediated tumorigenesis, we investigated here the implication of JAK–STAT signaling and the therapeutic potential of JAK1/2 inhibition in K‐RAS‐driven lung AC. Our data showed that JAK1 and JAK2 are activated in human lung AC and that increased activation of JAK–STAT signaling correlated with disease progression and K‐RAS activity in human lung AC. Accordingly, administration of the JAK1/2 selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib reduced proliferation of tumor cells and effectively reduced tumor progression in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mouse models of K‐RAS‐driven lung AC. Notably, JAK1/2 inhibition led to the establishment of an antitumorigenic tumor microenvironment, characterized by decreased levels of tumor‐promoting chemokines and cytokines and reduced numbers of infiltrating myeloid derived suppressor cells, thereby impairing tumor growth. Taken together, we identified JAK1/2 inhibition as promising therapy for K‐RAS‐driven lung AC. What's new? A drug that inhibits the JAK–STAT pathway may score a hit against K‐RAS driven lung cancer. Here, the authors Investigated the JAK STAT pathway as a possible target in lung adenocarcinoma because of its role in inflammation‐mediated tumorigenesis. First, they showed that JAK1 and JAK2 are both activated in lung adenocarcinoma patients with oncogenic mutations in K‐RAS. Next, they treated the tumors with ruxolitinib, which inhibits JAK1/2. The drug successfully slowed tumor proliferation and progression in immunocompetent mouse models. Furthermore, treatment with ruxolitinib reduced the tumor‐promoting factors present in the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mohrherr
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Marcel Haber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Kristina Breitenecker
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Viktor Voronin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer ResearchMedical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)ViennaAustria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and Second Department of PediatricsSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Viktória László
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Balázs Döme
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender ImagingMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of PulmonologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryNational Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of PulmonologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- SE‐NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of PathologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Katalin Dezső
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Core FacilitiesMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Helmut Popper
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of PathologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Herwig P. Moll
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC)Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI‐CR)ViennaAustria
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31
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Chen S, Wainwright DA, Wu JD, Wan Y, Matei DE, Zhang Y, Zhang B. CD73: an emerging checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2019; 11:983-997. [PMID: 31223045 PMCID: PMC6609898 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 is a novel immune checkpoint associated with adenosine metabolism that promotes tumor progression by suppressing antitumor immune response and promoting angiogenesis. The inhibition of CD73, in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, targeted therapy or conventional therapy, improves antitumor effects in numerous preclinical mouse models of cancer. Emerging evidence suggests that the combination of anti-CD73 and immune checkpoint blockade has promising clinical activity in patients with advanced solid tumors. In this review, we will discuss the specific role of CD73 on both tumor cells and nontumor cells in regulating tumor immunity and tumorigenesis and provide an update on the current view of the antitumor activity of targeting CD73 by mAb or small molecule selective inhibitors in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniela E Matei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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32
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STAT Family Protein Expression and Phosphorylation State during moDC Development Is Altered by Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutics. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7458238. [PMID: 31309123 PMCID: PMC6594321 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7458238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The STAT signaling pathway is important in dendritic cell (DC) development and function. Tumor cells can induce STAT signaling, thereby inhibiting DC maturation and immunostimulatory functions, leading to hampered efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies. Platinum-based chemotherapeutics can inhibit STAT signaling, thereby making them an interesting tool to improve DC development and function. In this study, we provide a comprehensive overview of STAT expression and phosphorylation during DC differentiation and maturation and investigate the effects of platinum drugs on STAT signaling during these processes. Monocytes were differentiated into monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) with IL-4 and GM-CSF and matured with cytokines or TLR ligands. STAT expression and phosphorylation were analyzed by western blotting, and moDC viability and phenotype were analyzed by flow cytometry. Platinum drugs were added at day 3 of differentiation or at the start of maturation to investigate regulation of the STAT signaling pathway. All STAT proteins were expressed during moDC differentiation and STAT1, STAT5, and STAT6 were phosphorylated. No significant changes occurred in the expression and phosphorylation state of the STAT proteins during differentiation. After maturation with TLR ligands, the expression of STAT1 increased, but other STAT proteins were not affected. Phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 increased during maturation, where TLR ligands induced significantly higher levels of phosphorylation than cytokines. Platinum drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin significantly inhibited phosphorylation of STAT6 during differentiation and maturation. Treatment did not affect the phenotype or viability of the cells. As STAT6 is an important regulator of DC function, these findings suggest a role for platinum-based chemotherapeutics to enhance DC function via inhibition of STAT signaling, thereby potentially enhancing efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies.
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33
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Martin Lluesma S, Graciotti M, Chiang CLL, Kandalaft LE. Does the Immunocompetent Status of Cancer Patients Have an Impact on Therapeutic DC Vaccination Strategies? Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:E79. [PMID: 30477198 PMCID: PMC6313858 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although different types of therapeutic vaccines against established cancerous lesions in various indications have been developed since the 1990s, their clinical benefit is still very limited. This observed lack of effectiveness in cancer eradication may be partially due to the often deficient immunocompetent status of cancer patients, which may facilitate tumor development by different mechanisms, including immune evasion. The most frequently used cellular vehicle in clinical trials are dendritic cells (DCs), thanks to their crucial role in initiating and directing immune responses. Viable vaccination options using DCs are available, with a positive toxicity profile. For these reasons, despite their limited therapeutic outcomes, DC vaccination is currently considered an additional immunotherapeutic option that still needs to be further explored. In this review, we propose potential actions aimed at improving DC vaccine efficacy by counteracting the detrimental mechanisms recognized to date and implicated in establishing a poor immunocompetent status in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martin Lluesma
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Michele Graciotti
- Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Cheryl Lai-Lai Chiang
- Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
| | - Lana E Kandalaft
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
- Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland.
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34
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Valdes-Mora F, Handler K, Law AMK, Salomon R, Oakes SR, Ormandy CJ, Gallego-Ortega D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics in Cancer Immunobiology: The Future of Precision Oncology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2582. [PMID: 30483257 PMCID: PMC6240655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous and complex disease. Tumors are formed by cancer cells and a myriad of non-cancerous cell types that together with the extracellular matrix form the tumor microenvironment. These cancer-associated cells and components contribute to shape the progression of cancer and are deeply involved in patient outcome. The immune system is an essential part of the tumor microenvironment, and induction of cancer immunotolerance is a necessary step involved in tumor formation and growth. Immune mechanisms are intimately associated with cancer progression, invasion, and metastasis; as well as to tumor dormancy and modulation of sensitivity to drug therapy. Transcriptome analyses have been extensively used to understand the heterogeneity of tumors, classifying tumors into molecular subtypes and establishing signatures that predict response to therapy and patient outcomes. However, the classification of the tumor cell diversity and specially the identification of rare populations has been limited in these transcriptomic analyses of bulk tumor cell populations. Massively-parallel single-cell RNAseq analysis has emerged as a powerful method to unravel heterogeneity and to study rare cell populations in cancer, through unsupervised sampling and modeling of transcriptional states in single cells. In this context, the study of the role of the immune system in cancer would benefit from single cell approaches, as it will enable the characterization and/or discovery of the cell types and pathways involved in cancer immunotolerance otherwise missed in bulk transcriptomic information. Thus, the analysis of gene expression patterns at single cell resolution holds the potential to provide key information to develop precise and personalized cancer treatment including immunotherapy. This review is focused on the latest single-cell RNAseq methodologies able to agnostically study thousands of tumor cells as well as targeted single-cell RNAseq to study rare populations within tumors. In particular, we will discuss methods to study the immune system in cancer. We will also discuss the current challenges to the study of cancer at the single cell level and the potential solutions to the current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristina Handler
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew M K Law
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Salomon
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha R Oakes
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher J Ormandy
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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35
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Abstract
Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages promote cancer initiation and malignant progression by stimulating angiogenesis, increasing tumour cell migration, invasion and intravasation and suppressing antitumour immunity. At metastatic sites, macrophages promote tumour cell extravasation, survival and subsequent growth. Each of these pro-tumoural activities is promoted by a subpopulation of macrophages that express canonical markers but have unique transcriptional profiles, which makes tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) good targets for anticancer therapy in humans through either their ablation or their re-differentiation away from pro-tumoural towards antitumoural states. In this Review, we evaluate the state of the art of TAM-targeting strategies, focusing on the limitations and potential side effects of the different therapies such as toxicity, rebound effects and compensatory mechanisms. We provide an extensive overview of the different types of therapy used in the clinic and their limitations in light of known macrophage biology and propose new strategies for targeting TAMs.
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36
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Blomberg OS, Spagnuolo L, de Visser KE. Immune regulation of metastasis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/10/dmm036236. [PMID: 30355585 PMCID: PMC6215427 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the leading cause of death in cancer patients. Metastasis formation involves a cascade of events for which the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. During the metastatic cascade, cancer cells tightly interact with the immune system and they influence each other, both in the tumor microenvironment and systemically. The crosstalk between cancer and immune cells adds another layer of complexity to our understanding of metastasis formation, but at the same time opens new therapeutic opportunities for cancer patients. The intensifying development of immunotherapeutic strategies calls for a better understanding of immune regulation of metastasis in order to maximize the therapeutic benefit for patients with metastatic disease. In this Review and accompanying poster, we describe the main mechanisms of immune regulation of metastasis that have been reported to date, and present promising immunotherapeutic options that are currently available, or may become so in the near future, to tackle metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S Blomberg
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Spagnuolo
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Phytochemicals inhibit the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): Impact on cancer and age-related chronic inflammatory disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:231-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Cassetta L, Kitamura T. Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages as a Potential Strategy to Enhance the Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:38. [PMID: 29670880 PMCID: PMC5893801 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of immune checkpoint pathways in CD8+ T cell is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of solid tumors that has shown significant anti-tumor effects and is now approved by the FDA to treat patients with melanoma and lung cancer. However the response to this therapy is limited to a certain fraction of patients and tumor types, for reasons still unknown. To ensure success of this treatment, CD8+ T cells, the main target of the checkpoint inhibitors, should exert full cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However recent studies show that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) can impede this process by different mechanisms. In this mini-review we will summarize recent studies showing the effect of TAM targeting on immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy. We will also discuss on the limitations of the current strategies as well on the future scientific challenges for the progress of the tumor immunology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cassetta
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Takanori Kitamura
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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39
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Shinko D, Diakos CI, Clarke SJ, Charles KA. Cancer-Related Systemic Inflammation: The Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities for Personalized Medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:599-610. [PMID: 28699186 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade there has been significant progress towards the development of personalized or "precision" medicine for many patients with cancer. However, there still remain subpopulations of cancer patients that do not possess a tumor mutation profile that is successfully targeted by the newer molecular anticancer drugs and further personalized approaches are needed. The presence of cancer-related systemic inflammation represents an underappreciated subpopulation of cancer patients needing personalized therapy. For ∼25% of all advanced cancer patients, regardless of histological subtype, the patients with systemic inflammation have significantly poorer response to chemotherapy and also shorter overall survival compared to those cancer patients without inflammation. The development of cancer-related systemic inflammation involves interactions between host and tumor cells that are potential new drug targets in cancer chemotherapy. In this review we discuss the challenges and clinical opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies for this underappreciated drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Shinko
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Connie I Diakos
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Bill Walsh Translational Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Clarke
- Northern Sydney Cancer Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Bill Walsh Translational Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kellie A Charles
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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40
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Mondino A, Vella G, Icardi L. Targeting the tumor and its associated stroma: One and one can make three in adoptive T cell therapy of solid tumors. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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41
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Turbocharging vaccines: emerging adjuvants for dendritic cell based therapeutic cancer vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 47:35-43. [PMID: 28732279 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been hindered by the many pro-tumorigenic mechanisms at play in cancer patients that serve to suppress both antigen presenting cells and T cells. In face of these obstacles, cancer vaccines are most likely to promote anti-tumorigenic immune responses only when formulated with strong adjuvants, and in combination with new immune interventions designed to reverse immune suppression and exhaustion of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DCs) are often termed 'nature's adjuvant' due to their exceptional capacity for initiating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Hence, the past decade has witnessed a flurry of activity in testing DC based immunotherapies for cancer intervention. In this review we will discuss advances in conventional adjuvants and provide insight into new adjuvants as they pertain to DC cancer therapy.
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42
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Buschow SI, Ramazzotti M, Reinieren-Beeren IMJ, Heinzerling LM, Westdorp H, Stefanini I, Beltrame L, Hato SV, Ellebaek E, Gross S, Nguyen VA, Weinlich G, Ragoussis J, Baban D, Schuler-Thurner B, Svane IM, Romani N, Austyn JM, De Vries IJM, Schuler G, Cavalieri D, Figdor CG. Survival of metastatic melanoma patients after dendritic cell vaccination correlates with expression of leukocyte phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1/Raf kinase inhibitory protein. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67439-67456. [PMID: 28978044 PMCID: PMC5620184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma offers great promise but, to date, only a subset of patients have responded. There is an urgent need to identify ways of allocating patients to the most beneficial therapy, to increase survival and decrease therapy-associated morbidity and costs. Blood-based biomarkers are of particular interest because of their straightforward implementation in routine clinical care. We sought to identify markers for dendritic cell (DC) vaccine-based immunotherapy against metastatic melanoma through gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A large-scale microarray analysis of 74 samples from two treatment centers, taken directly after the first round of DC vaccination, was performed. We found that phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1 (PEBP1)/Raf Kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) expression can be used to identify a significant proportion of patients who performed poorly after DC vaccination. This result was validated by q-PCR analysis on blood samples from a second cohort of 95 patients treated with DC vaccination in four different centers. We conclude that low PEBP1 expression correlates with poor overall survival after DC vaccination. Intriguingly, this was only the case for expression of PEBP1 after, but not prior to, DC vaccination. Moreover, the change in PEBP1 expression upon vaccination correlated well with survival. Further analyses revealed that PEBP1 expression positively correlated with genes involved in T cell responses but inversely correlated with genes associated with myeloid cells and aberrant inflammation including STAT3, NOTCH1, and MAPK1. Concordantly, PEBP1 inversely correlated with the myeloid/lymphoid-ratio and was suppressed in patients suffering from chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Inge M J Reinieren-Beeren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucie M Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Stefanini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Stanleyson V Hato
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Ellebaek
- CCIT, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology and Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Gross
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Van Anh Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Weinlich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Current address: McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dilair Baban
- Genomics Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Inge M Svane
- CCIT, Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Hematology and Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nikolaus Romani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Austyn
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - I Jolanda M De Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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43
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Redd PS, Ibrahim ML, Klement JD, Sharman SK, Paschall AV, Yang D, Nayak-Kapoor A, Liu K. SETD1B Activates iNOS Expression in Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2834-2843. [PMID: 28381543 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) generates nitric oxide (NO) in myeloid cells that acts as a defense mechanism to suppress invading microorganisms or neoplastic cells. In tumor-bearing mice, elevated iNOS expression is a hallmark of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). MDSCs use NO to nitrate both the T-cell receptor and STAT1, thus inhibiting T-cell activation and the antitumor immune response. The molecular mechanisms underlying iNOS expression and regulation in tumor-induced MDSCs are unknown. We report here that deficiency in IRF8 results in diminished iNOS expression in both mature CD11b+Gr1- and immature CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in vivo Strikingly, although IRF8 was silenced in tumor-induced MDSCs, iNOS expression was significantly elevated in tumor-induced MDSCs, suggesting that the expression of iNOS is regulated by an IRF8-independent mechanism under pathologic conditions. Furthermore, tumor-induced MDSCs exhibited diminished STAT1 and NF-κB Rel protein levels, the essential inducers of iNOS in myeloid cells. Instead, tumor-induced MDSCs showed increased SETD1B expression as compared with their cellular equivalents in tumor-free mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that H3K4me3, the target of SETD1B, was enriched at the nos2 promoter in tumor-induced MDSCs, and inhibition or silencing of SETD1B diminished iNOS expression in tumor-induced MDSCs. Our results show how tumor cells use the SETD1B-H3K4me3 epigenetic axis to bypass a normal role for IRF8 expression in activating iNOS expression in MDSCs when they are generated under pathologic conditions. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2834-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarah K Sharman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amy V Paschall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Asha Nayak-Kapoor
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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44
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Zhou J, Yao Y, Shen Q, Li G, Hu L, Zhang X. Demethylating agent decitabine disrupts tumor-induced immune tolerance by depleting myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1371-1380. [PMID: 28321548 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immunoregulatory effect of demethylating agent decitabine (DAC) has been recognized recently. However, little is known about its impact on immune tolerance. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of DAC on the immune tolerance induced by tumor cells. METHODS The effects of DAC on immune cells in vivo were measured by flow cytometry. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were sorted using magnetic beads and cultured in vitro. The mixed lymphocyte reaction was used to determine the immunoregulatory effect of DAC in vitro. An adoptive transfusion mouse model was established to evaluate the effect in vivo. RESULTS We found that DAC treatment significantly depleted MDSCs in vivo by inducing MDSCs apoptosis. When given at a low dose, the immune effector cells were less affected by the treatment, except for MDSCs. The mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro showed that T-cell responses were enhanced when MDSCs were depleted. Supplementation of MDSCs would attenuate this T-cell activation effect. Using an adoptive transfusion mouse model, we further demonstrated in vivo that DAC treatment could induce autologous anti-tumor immune response by depleting MDSCs. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to illustrate DAC's immunoregulatory effect on immune tolerance. The disruption of immune tolerance is due to MDSCs depletion that induces an autologous immune response in vivo. By depleting MDSCs, DAC treatment removes one of the obstacles affecting anti-tumor immune activation and warrants further experimental and clinical studies to explore its potential utility in combination with various anti-tumor immunotherapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyou Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, 1017 Dongmen North Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that constitute a major component of the immune system’s role in the recognition, elimination, and tolerance of cancer. The unique immunologic capabilities of DCs have recently been harnessed for therapeutic use with the creation of DC-based anti-tumor vaccines, several of which have moved into testing in clinical trials for hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes how treatment strategies using DC-based anti-tumor vaccines are advancing immunotherapeutic options for these diseases.
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46
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Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28258700 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12528]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are newly developing interventions that modify the patient's immune system to fight cancer, by either directly stimulating rejection-type processes or blocking suppressive pathways. Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes and encompass aspects of the biochemistry of these molecules as well as detailing the distribution and function on immune cells. Effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic and other purinergic-targeting therapies and forecast how these might develop in combination with other anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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47
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Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28258700 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12528] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are newly developing interventions that modify the patient's immune system to fight cancer, by either directly stimulating rejection-type processes or blocking suppressive pathways. Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes and encompass aspects of the biochemistry of these molecules as well as detailing the distribution and function on immune cells. Effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic and other purinergic-targeting therapies and forecast how these might develop in combination with other anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon C Robson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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48
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Allard B, Longhi MS, Robson SC, Stagg J. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73: Novel checkpoint inhibitor targets. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:121-144. [PMID: 28258700 PMCID: PMC5338647 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 616] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are able to grow by subverting immune suppressive pathways, to prevent the malignant cells as being recognized as dangerous or foreign. This mechanism prevents the cancer from being eliminated by the immune system and allows disease to progress from a very early stage to a lethal state. Immunotherapies are newly developing interventions that modify the patient's immune system to fight cancer, by either directly stimulating rejection-type processes or blocking suppressive pathways. Extracellular adenosine generated by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 is a newly recognized "immune checkpoint mediator" that interferes with anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes and encompass aspects of the biochemistry of these molecules as well as detailing the distribution and function on immune cells. Effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition in preclinical and clinical studies are discussed. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of adenosinergic and other purinergic-targeting therapies and forecast how these might develop in combination with other anti-cancer modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, USA. 02215
| | - Simon C. Robson
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, USA. 02215
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Netherby CS, Abrams SI. Mechanisms overseeing myeloid-derived suppressor cell production in neoplastic disease. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:989-996. [PMID: 28224211 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in myeloid cell differentiation are common in neoplasia, culminating in immature populations known as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs favor tumor progression due to their ability to suppress host immunity or promote invasion and metastasis. They are thought to originate from the bone marrow as a result of exposure to stromal- or circulating tumor-derived factors (TDFs). Although great interest has been placed on understanding how MDSCs function, less is known regarding how MDSCs develop at a transcriptional level. Our work explores the premise that MDSCs arise because cancer cells, through the production of certain TDFs, inhibit the expression of interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) that is ordinarily essential for controlling fundamental properties of myeloid cell differentiation. Our interest in IRF8 has been based on the following rationale. First, it is well-recognized that IRF8 is a 'master regulator' of normal myelopoiesis, critical not only for producing monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and neutrophils, but also for controlling the balance of all three major myeloid cell types. This became quite evident in IRF8-/- mice, whereby the loss of IRF8 leads to a disproportionate accumulation of neutrophils at the expense of monocytes and DCs. Second, we showed that such myeloid populations from IRF8-/- mice exhibit similar characteristics to MDSCs from tumor-bearing mice. Third, in a reciprocal fashion, we showed that enforced expression of IRF8 in the myeloid system significantly mitigates tumor-induced MDSC accumulation and improves immunotherapy efficacy. Altogether, these observations support the hypothesis that IRF8 is an integral negative regulator of MDSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Netherby
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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50
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Lin CF, Lin CM, Lee KY, Wu SY, Feng PH, Chen KY, Chuang HC, Chen CL, Wang YC, Tseng PC, Tsai TT. Escape from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:10. [PMID: 28143527 PMCID: PMC5286687 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune interferon (IFN), also known as IFN-γ, promotes not only immunomodulation but also antimicrobial and anticancer activity. After IFN-γ binds to the complex of IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) 1-IFNGR2 and subsequently activates its downstream signaling pathways, IFN-γ immediately causes transcriptional stimulation of a variety of genes that are principally involved in its biological activities. Regarding IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance, IFN-γ can directly suppress tumorigenesis and infection and/or can modulate the immunological status in both cancer cells and infected cells. Regarding the anticancer effects of IFN-γ, cancer cells develop strategies to escape from IFN-γ-dependent cancer immunosurveillance. Immune evasion, including the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, and suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, is speculated to be elicited by the oncogenic microenvironment. All of these events effectively downregulate IFN-γ-expressing cells and IFN-γ production. In addition to these extrinsic pathways, cancer cells may develop cellular tolerance that manifests as hyporesponsiveness to IFN-γ stimulation. This review discusses the potential escape mechanisms from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, 265, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- Translational Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
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