1
|
Talaat KR, Porter CK, Chakraborty S, Feijoo BL, Brubaker J, Adjoodani BM, DeNearing B, Prouty MG, Poole ST, Bourgeois AL, Billingsley M, Sack DA, Eder-Lingelbach S, Taucher C. Validation of a Human Challenge Model Using an LT-Expressing Enterotoxigenic E. coli Strain (LSN03-016011) and Characterization of Potential Amelioration of Disease by an Investigational Oral Vaccine Candidate (VLA1701). Microorganisms 2024; 12:727. [PMID: 38674674 PMCID: PMC11051778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled human infection models are important tools for the evaluation of vaccines against diseases where an appropriate correlate of protection has not been identified. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain LSN03-016011/A (LSN03) is an LT enterotoxin and CS17-expressing ETEC strain useful for evaluating vaccine candidates targeting LT-expressing strains. We sought to confirm the ability of the LSN03 strain to induce moderate-to-severe diarrhea in a healthy American adult population, as well as the impact of immunization with an investigational cholera/ETEC vaccine (VLA-1701) on disease outcomes. A randomized, double-blinded pilot study was conducted in which participants received two doses of VLA1701 or placebo orally, one week apart; eight days after the second vaccination, 30 participants (15 vaccinees and 15 placebo recipients) were challenged with approximately 5 × 109 colony-forming units of LSN03. The vaccine was well tolerated, with no significant adverse events. The vaccine also induced serum IgA and IgG responses to LT. After challenge, 11 of the placebo recipients (73.3%; 95%CI: 48.0-89.1) and 7 of the VLA1701 recipients (46.7%; 95%CI: 24.8-68.8) had moderate-to-severe diarrhea (p = 0.26), while 14 placebo recipients (93%) and 8 vaccine recipients (53.3%) experienced diarrhea of any severity, resulting in a protective efficacy of 42.9% (p = 0.035). In addition, the vaccine also appeared to provide protection against more severe diarrhea (p = 0.054). Vaccinees also tended to shed lower levels of the LSN03 challenge strain compared to placebo recipients (p = 0.056). In addition, the disease severity score was lower for the vaccinees than for the placebo recipients (p = 0.046). In summary, the LSN03 ETEC challenge strain induced moderate-to-severe diarrhea in 73.3% of placebo recipients. VLA1701 vaccination ameliorated disease severity, as observed by several parameters, including the percentage of participants experiencing diarrhea, as well as stool frequency and ETEC severity scores. These data highlight the potential value of LSN03 as a suitable ETEC challenge strain to evaluate LT-based vaccine targets (NCT03576183).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar R. Talaat
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Chad K. Porter
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.P.); (M.G.P.); (S.T.P.)
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Brittany L. Feijoo
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Jessica Brubaker
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Brittany M. Adjoodani
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Barbara DeNearing
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Michael G. Prouty
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.P.); (M.G.P.); (S.T.P.)
| | - Steven T. Poole
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; (C.K.P.); (M.G.P.); (S.T.P.)
| | - A. Louis Bourgeois
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Madison Billingsley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | - David A. Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.C.); (B.L.F.); (B.M.A.); (B.D.); (A.L.B.); (M.B.); (D.A.S.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colston JM, Fang B, Houpt E, Chernyavskiy P, Swarup S, Gardner LM, Nong MK, Badr HS, Zaitchik BF, Lakshmi V, Kosek MN. The Planetary Child Health & Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO): A protocol for an interdisciplinary research initiative and web-based dashboard for mapping enteric infectious diseases and their risk factors and interventions in LMICs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297775. [PMID: 38412156 PMCID: PMC10898779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea remains a leading cause of childhood illness throughout the world that is increasing due to climate change and is caused by various species of ecologically sensitive pathogens. The emerging Planetary Health movement emphasizes the interdependence of human health with natural systems, and much of its focus has been on infectious diseases and their interactions with environmental and human processes. Meanwhile, the era of big data has engendered a public appetite for interactive web-based dashboards for infectious diseases. However, enteric infectious diseases have been largely overlooked by these developments. METHODS The Planetary Child Health & Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO) is a new initiative that builds on existing partnerships between epidemiologists, climatologists, bioinformaticians, and hydrologists as well as investigators in numerous low- and middle-income countries. Its objective is to provide the research and stakeholder community with an evidence base for the geographical targeting of enteropathogen-specific child health interventions such as novel vaccines. The initiative will produce, curate, and disseminate spatial data products relating to the distribution of enteric pathogens and their environmental and sociodemographic determinants. DISCUSSION As climate change accelerates there is an urgent need for etiology-specific estimates of diarrheal disease burden at high spatiotemporal resolution. Plan-EO aims to address key challenges and knowledge gaps by making and disseminating rigorously obtained, generalizable disease burden estimates. Pre-processed environmental and EO-derived spatial data products will be housed, continually updated, and made publicly available for download to the research and stakeholder communities. These can then be used as inputs to identify and target priority populations living in transmission hotspots and for decision-making, scenario-planning, and disease burden projection. STUDY REGISTRATION PROSPERO protocol #CRD42023384709.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh M. Colston
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eric Houpt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Pavel Chernyavskiy
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Samarth Swarup
- Biocomplexity Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Gardner
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Malena K. Nong
- University of Virginia College of Arts & Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hamada S. Badr
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Benjamin F. Zaitchik
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Venkataraman Lakshmi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Margaret N. Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Colston JM, Chernyavskiy P, Gardner L, Nong M, Fang B, Houpt E, Swarup S, Badr H, Zaitchik B, Lakshmi V, Kosek M. The Planetary Child Health & Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO): a protocol for an interdisciplinary research initiative and web-based dashboard for mapping enteric infectious diseases and their risk factors and interventions in LMICs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2640564. [PMID: 36993232 PMCID: PMC10055683 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2640564/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Diarrhea remains a leading cause of childhood illness throughout the world that is increasing due to climate change and is caused by various species of ecologically sensitive pathogens. The emerging Planetary Health movement emphasizes the interdependence of human health with natural systems, and much of its focus has been on infectious diseases and their interactions with environmental and human processes. Meanwhile, the era of big data has engendered a public appetite for interactive web-based dashboards for infectious diseases. However, enteric infectious diseases have been largely overlooked by these developments. Methods The Planetary Child Health and Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO) is a new initiative that builds on existing partnerships between epidemiologists, climatologists, bioinformaticians, and hydrologists as well as investigators in numerous low- and middle-income countries. Its objective is to provide the research and stakeholder community with an evidence base for the geographical targeting of enteropathogen-specific child health interventions such as novel vaccines. The initiative will produce, curate, and disseminate spatial data products relating to the distribution of enteric pathogens and their environmental and sociodemographic determinants. Discussion As climate change accelerates there is an urgent need for etiology-specific estimates of diarrheal disease burden at high spatiotemporal resolution. Plan-EO aims to address key challenges and knowledge gaps by making rigorously obtained, generalizable disease burden estimates freely available and accessible to the research and stakeholder communities. Pre-processed environmental and EO-derived spatial data products will be housed, continually updated, and made publicly available to the research and stakeholder communities both within the webpage itself and for download. These inputs can then be used to identify and target priority populations living in transmission hotspots and for decision-making, scenario-planning, and disease burden projection. Study registration PROSPERO protocol #CRD42023384709.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malena Nong
- University of Virginia College of Arts & Sciences
| | | | - Eric Houpt
- University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Colston JM, Chernyavskiy P, Gardner L, Nong M, Fang B, Houpt E, Swarup S, Badr H, Zaitchik B, Lakshmi V, Kosek M. The Planetary Child Health & Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO): a protocol for an interdisciplinary research initiative and web-based dashboard for mapping enteric infectious diseases and their risk factors and interventions in LMICs. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2640564. [PMID: 36993232 PMCID: PMC10055683 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2640564/v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Diarrhea remains a leading cause of childhood illness throughout the world that is increasing due to climate change and is caused by various species of ecologically sensitive pathogens. The emerging Planetary Health movement emphasizes the interdependence of human health with natural systems, and much of its focus has been on infectious diseases and their interactions with environmental and human processes. Meanwhile, the era of big data has engendered a public appetite for interactive web-based dashboards for infectious diseases. However, enteric infectious diseases have been largely overlooked by these developments. Methods The Planetary Child Health and Enterics Observatory (Plan-EO) is a new initiative that builds on existing partnerships between epidemiologists, climatologists, bioinformaticians, and hydrologists as well as investigators in numerous low- and middle-income countries. Its objective is to provide the research and stakeholder community with an evidence base for the geographical targeting of enteropathogen-specific child health interventions such as novel vaccines. The initiative will produce, curate, and disseminate spatial data products relating to the distribution of enteric pathogens and their environmental and sociodemographic determinants. Discussion As climate change accelerates there is an urgent need for etiology-specific estimates of diarrheal disease burden at high spatiotemporal resolution. Plan-EO aims to address key challenges and knowledge gaps by making rigorously obtained, generalizable disease burden estimates freely available and accessible to the research and stakeholder communities. Pre-processed environmental and EO-derived spatial data products will be housed, continually updated, and made publicly available to the research and stakeholder communities both within the webpage itself and for download. These inputs can then be used to identify and target priority populations living in transmission hotspots and for decision-making, scenario-planning, and disease burden projection. Study registration PROSPERO protocol #CRD42023384709.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malena Nong
- University of Virginia College of Arts & Sciences
| | | | - Eric Houpt
- University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duplessis C, Clarkson KA, Ross Turbyfill K, Alcala AN, Gutierrez R, Riddle MS, Lee T, Paolino K, Weerts HP, Lynen A, Oaks EV, Porter CK, Kaminski R. GMP manufacture of Shigella flexneri 2a Artificial Invaplex (Invaplex AR) and evaluation in a Phase 1 Open-label, dose escalating study administered intranasally to healthy, adult volunteers. Vaccine 2023; 41:6261-6271. [PMID: 37666695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Shigella species cause severe disease among travelers to, and children living in, endemic countries. Although significant efforts have been made to improve sanitation, increased antibiotic resistance and other factors suggest an effective vaccine is a critical need. Artificial Invaplex (InvaplexAR) is a subunit vaccine approach complexing Shigella LPS with invasion plasmid antigens. In pre-clinical studies, the InvaplexAR vaccine demonstrated increased immunogenicity as compared to the first generation product and was subsequently manufactured under cGMP for clinical testing in a first-in-human Phase 1 study. The primary objective of this study was the safety of S. flexneri 2a InvaplexAR given by intranasal (IN) immunization (without adjuvant) in a single-center, open-label, dose-escalating Phase 1 trial and secondarily to assess immunogenicity to identify a dose of InvaplexAR for subsequent clinical evaluations. Subjects received three IN immunizations of InvaplexAR, two weeks apart, in increasing dose cohorts (10 µg, 50 µg, 250 µg, and 500 μg). Adverse events were monitored using symptom surveillance, memory aids, and targeted physical exams. Samples were collected throughout the study to investigate vaccine-induced systemic and mucosal immune responses. There were no adverse events that met vaccination-stopping criteria. The majority (96%) of vaccine-related adverse events were mild in severity (most commonly nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and post-nasal drip). Vaccination with InvaplexAR induced anti-LPS serum IgG responses and anti-Invaplex IgA and IgG antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses at vaccine doses ≥250 µg. Additionally, mucosal immune responses and functional antibody responses were seen from the serum bactericidal assay measurements. Notably, the responder rates and the kinetics of ASCs and antibody lymphocyte secretion (ALS) were similar, suggesting that either assay may be employed to identify IgG and IgA secreting cells. Further studies with InvaplexAR will evaluate alternative immunization routes, vaccination schedules and formulations to further optimize immunogenicity. (Clinical Trial Registry Number NCT02445963).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Duplessis
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Kristen A Clarkson
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: Horizon Therapeutics, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - K Ross Turbyfill
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Ashley N Alcala
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: Tigermed-BDM, Somerset, NJ, USA
| | - Ramiro Gutierrez
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark S Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Tida Lee
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kristopher Paolino
- Clinical Trials Center, Division of Translational Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Hailey P Weerts
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: National Institute of Allery and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Lynen
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Edwin V Oaks
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: Patuxent Research and Consulting Group, Gambrills, MD, USA
| | - Chad K Porter
- Naval Medical Research Command, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Robert Kaminski
- Department of Diarrheal Disease Research, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Current Affiliation: Latham BioPharm Group, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Montero DA, Garcia-Betancourt R, Vidal RM, Velasco J, Palacios PA, Schneider D, Vega C, Gómez L, Montecinos H, Soto-Shara R, Oñate Á, Carreño LJ. A chimeric protein-based vaccine elicits a strong IgG antibody response and confers partial protection against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186368. [PMID: 37575242 PMCID: PMC10413102 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a foodborne pathogen that causes gastrointestinal infections, ranging from acute diarrhea and dysentery to life-threatening diseases such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Currently, a vaccine to prevent STEC infection is an unmet medical need. Results We developed a chimeric protein-based vaccine targeting seven virulence factors of STEC, including the Stx2B subunit, Tir, Intimin, EspA, Cah, OmpT, and AggA proteins. Immunization of mice with this vaccine candidate elicited significant humoral and cellular immune responses against STEC. High levels of specific IgG antibodies were found in the serum and feces of immunized mice. However, specific IgA antibodies were not detected in either serum or feces. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 was observed in the spleens of immunized mice. Notably, the immunized mice showed decreased shedding of STEC O157:H7 and STEC O91:H21 strains and were protected against weight loss during experimental infection. Additionally, infection with the STEC O91:H21 strain resulted in kidney damage in control unimmunized mice; however, the extent of damage was slightly lower in immunized mice. Our findings suggest that IgG antibodies induced by this vaccine candidate may have a role in inhibiting bacterial adhesion and complement-mediated killing. Conclusion This study provides evidence that IgG responses are involved in the host defense against STEC. However, our results do not rule out that other classes of antibodies also participate in the protection against this pathogen. Additional work is needed to improve the protection conferred by our vaccine candidate and to elucidate the relevant immune responses that lead to complete protection against this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Montero
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Richard Garcia-Betancourt
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto M. Vidal
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana Velasco
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico, Clínica Hospital del Profesor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Formación de Especialista en Medicina de Urgencia, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Vega
- Plataforma Experimental, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Hernán Montecinos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Soto-Shara
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ángel Oñate
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Chimeric Subunit Vaccine against Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Pregnant Cows. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032771. [PMID: 36769094 PMCID: PMC9917558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes gastroenteritis and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Cattle are the main animal reservoir, excreting the bacteria in their feces and contaminating the environment. In addition, meat can be contaminated by releasing the intestinal content during slaughtering. Here, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine candidate against STEC that was formulated with two chimeric proteins (Chi1 and Chi2), which contain epitopes of the OmpT, Cah and Hes proteins. Thirty pregnant cows in their third trimester of gestation were included and distributed into six groups (n = 5 per group): four groups were administered intramuscularly with three doses of the formulation containing 40 µg or 100 µg of each protein plus the Quil-A or Montanide™ Gel adjuvants, while two control groups were administered with placebos. No local or systemic adverse effects were observed during the study, and hematological parameters and values of blood biochemical indicators were similar among all groups. Furthermore, all vaccine formulations triggered systemic anti-Chi1/Chi2 IgG antibody levels that were significantly higher than the control groups. However, specific IgA levels were generally low and without significant differences among groups. Notably, anti-Chi1/Chi2 IgG antibody levels in the serum of newborn calves fed with colostrum from their immunized dams were significantly higher compared to newborn calves fed with colostrum from control cows, suggesting a passive immunization through colostrum. These results demonstrate that this vaccine is safe and immunogenic when applied to pregnant cows during the third trimester of gestation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Immunologically effective biomaterials-enhanced vaccines against infection of pathogenic microorganisms. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
|
9
|
Cloutier M, Gauthier C. Progress toward the Development of Glycan-Based Vaccines against Campylobacteriosis. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:969-986. [PMID: 32579844 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main causes of bacterial diarrhea and a major risk factor for triggering Guillain-Barré autoimmune syndrome, campylobacteriosis, that is, Campylobacter spp. infections, represents a major health issue worldwide. There is thus a pressing need for developing an effective and broad-coverage campylobacteriosis vaccine. Campylobacter jejuni, an encapsulated, multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacterium, expresses virulence-associated capsular polysaccharides (CPSs), which constitute exquisite targets for the design of glycoconjugate vaccines. In that context, synthetic carbohydrate chemistry acts as a crucial enabling technology for the preparation of homogeneous constructs while allowing antigenic epitopes to be deciphered and probed at the molecular level. This review aims at covering recent developments in CPS-based campylobacteriosis vaccines as well as in the total syntheses of C. jejuni-related mono- and oligosaccharide mimics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Cloutier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), 531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
von Mentzer A, Blackwell GA, Pickard D, Boinett CJ, Joffré E, Page AJ, Svennerholm AM, Dougan G, Sjöling Å. Long-read-sequenced reference genomes of the seven major lineages of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) circulating in modern time. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9256. [PMID: 33927221 PMCID: PMC8085198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an enteric pathogen responsible for the majority of diarrheal cases worldwide. ETEC infections are estimated to cause 80,000 deaths annually, with the highest rates of burden, ca 75 million cases per year, amongst children under 5 years of age in resource-poor countries. It is also the leading cause of diarrhoea in travellers. Previous large-scale sequencing studies have found seven major ETEC lineages currently in circulation worldwide. We used PacBio long-read sequencing combined with Illumina sequencing to create high-quality complete reference genomes for each of the major lineages with manually curated chromosomes and plasmids. We confirm that the major ETEC lineages all harbour conserved plasmids that have been associated with their respective background genomes for decades, suggesting that the plasmids and chromosomes of ETEC are both crucial for ETEC virulence and success as pathogens. The in-depth analysis of gene content, synteny and correct annotations of plasmids will elucidate other plasmids with and without virulence factors in related bacterial species. These reference genomes allow for fast and accurate comparison between different ETEC strains, and these data will form the foundation of ETEC genomics research for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid von Mentzer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Grace A Blackwell
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Enrique Joffré
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Page
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Åsa Sjöling
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Protective Immunity Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by Oral Vaccination of Engineered Lactococcus lactis. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3464-3473. [PMID: 34264362 PMCID: PMC8280578 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the leading causes of diarrhea in children globally, and thus suitable vaccines are desired. Antigen display on lactic acid bacteria is a reliable approach for efficient oral vaccination and preventing bowel diseases. To develop an oral vaccine against ETEC, the gene of the binding domain from heat-labile toxin (LTB), a key ETEC virulence factor, was codon-optimized and cloned into a construct containing a signal peptide and an anchor for display on L. lactis. Bioinformatics analysis showed a codon adaptation index of 0.95 for the codon-optimized gene. Cell surface expression of LTB was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and blotting. White New Zealand rabbits were immunized per os (PO) with the recombinant L. lactis, and the antibody titers were assayed with ELISA. In vitro neutralization assay was performed using mouse adrenal tumor cells and rabbit ileal loop test was performed as the in vivo assay. ELISA results indicated that oral administration of the engineered L. lactis elicited a significant production of IgA in the intestine. In vitro neutralization assay showed that the effect of the toxin could be neutralized with 500 µg/ml of IgG isolated from the oral vaccine group. Furthermore, the dose of ETEC causing fluid accumulation in the ileal loop test showed a tenfold increase in rabbits immunized with either recombinant L. lactis or LTB protein compared to other groups. Our results imply that recombinant L. lactis could potentially be an effective live oral vaccine against ETEC toxicity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Deciphering Additional Roles for the EF-Tu, l-Asparaginase II and OmpT Proteins of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081184. [PMID: 32759661 PMCID: PMC7464798 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. STEC O157:H7 is the most clinically relevant serotype in the world. The major virulence determinants of STEC O157:H7 are the Shiga toxins and the locus of enterocyte effacement. However, several accessory virulence factors, mainly outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that interact with the host cells may contribute to the virulence of this pathogen. Previously, the elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu), l-asparaginase II and OmpT proteins were identified as antigens in OMP extracts of STEC. The known subcellular location of EF-Tu and l-asparaginase II are the cytoplasm and periplasm, respectively. Therefore, we investigate whether these two proteins may localize on the surface of STEC and, if so, what roles they have at this site. On the other hand, the OmpT protein, a well characterized protease, has been described as participating in the adhesion of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains. Thus, we investigate whether OmpT has this role in STEC. Our results show that the EF-Tu and l-asparaginase II are secreted by O157:H7 and may also localize on the surface of this bacterium. EF-Tu was identified in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), suggesting it as a possible export mechanism for this protein. Notably, we found that l-asparaginase II secreted by O157:H7 inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation, but the role of EF-Tu at the surface of this bacterium remains to be elucidated. In the case of OmpT, we show its participation in the adhesion of O157:H7 to human epithelial cells. Thus, this study extends the knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of STEC.
Collapse
|
13
|
Inhibition of invasive salmonella by orally administered IgA and IgG monoclonal antibodies. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007803. [PMID: 32203503 PMCID: PMC7117778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica strains, including serovar Typhimurium (STm), are an emerging cause of invasive disease among children and the immunocompromised, especially in regions of sub-Saharan Africa. STm invades the intestinal mucosa through Peyer's patch tissues before disseminating systemically. While vaccine development efforts are ongoing, the emergence of multidrug resistant strains of STm affirms the need to seek alternative strategies to protect high-risk individuals from infection. In this report, we investigated the potential of an orally administered O5 serotype-specific IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb), called Sal4, to prevent infection of invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm) in mice. Sal4 IgA was delivered to mice prior to or concurrently with STm challenge. Infectivity was measured as bacterial burden in Peyer's patch tissues one day after challenge. Using this model, we defined the minimal amount of Sal4 IgA required to significantly reduce STm uptake into Peyer's patches. The relative efficacy of Sal4 in dimeric and secretory IgA (SIgA) forms was compared. To assess the role of isotype in oral passive immunization, we engineered a recombinant IgG1 mAb carrying the Sal4 variable regions and evaluated its ability to block invasion of STm into epithelial cells in vitro and Peyer's patch tissues. Our results demonstrate the potential of orally administered monoclonal IgA and SIgA, but not IgG, to passively immunize against invasive Salmonella. Nonetheless, the prophylactic window of IgA/SIgA in the mouse was on the order of minutes, underscoring the need to develop formulations to protect mAbs in the gastric environment and to permit sustained release in the small intestine.
Collapse
|
14
|
Montero DA, Del Canto F, Salazar JC, Céspedes S, Cádiz L, Arenas-Salinas M, Reyes J, Oñate Á, Vidal RM. Immunization of mice with chimeric antigens displaying selected epitopes confers protection against intestinal colonization and renal damage caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:20. [PMID: 32194997 PMCID: PMC7067774 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause diarrhea and dysentery, which may progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Vaccination has been proposed as a preventive approach against STEC infection; however, there is no vaccine for humans and those used in animals reduce but do not eliminate the intestinal colonization of STEC. The OmpT, Cah and Hes proteins are widely distributed among clinical STEC strains and are recognized by serum IgG and IgA in patients with HUS. Here, we develop a vaccine formulation based on two chimeric antigens containing epitopes of OmpT, Cah and Hes proteins against STEC strains. Intramuscular and intranasal immunization of mice with these chimeric antigens elicited systemic and local long-lasting humoral responses. However, the class of antibodies generated was dependent on the adjuvant and the route of administration. Moreover, while intramuscular immunization with the combination of the chimeric antigens conferred protection against colonization by STEC O157:H7, the intranasal conferred protection against renal damage caused by STEC O91:H21. This preclinical study supports the potential use of this formulation based on recombinant chimeric proteins as a preventive strategy against STEC infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Montero
- 1Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,2Programa Disciplinario de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Del Canto
- 1Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Salazar
- 1Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Céspedes
- 1Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro Cádiz
- 1Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Arenas-Salinas
- 3Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - José Reyes
- 4Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ángel Oñate
- 4Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto M Vidal
- 1Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,5Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rimmer JE, Harro C, Sack DA, Talaat KR, Gutierrez RL, DeNearing B, Brubaker J, Laird RM, Poly F, Maue AC, Jaep K, Alcala A, Mochalova Y, Gariepy CL, Chakraborty S, Guerry P, Tribble DR, Porter CK, Riddle MS. Rifaximin Fails to Prevent Campylobacteriosis in the Human Challenge Model: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:1435-1441. [PMID: 29145631 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter species are a leading cause of diarrheal disease globally with significant morbidity. Primary prevention efforts have yielded limited results. Rifaximin chemoprophylaxis decreases rates of travelers' diarrhea and may be suitable for high-risk persons. We assessed the efficacy of rifaximin in the controlled human infection model for Campylobacter jejuni. Methods Twenty-eight subjects were admitted to an inpatient facility and randomized to a twice-daily dose of 550 mg rifaximin or placebo. The following day, subjects ingested 1.7 × 105 colony-forming units of C. jejuni strain CG8421. Subjects continued prophylaxis for 3 additional days, were followed for campylobacteriosis for 144 hours, and were subsequently treated with azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. Samples were collected to assess immunologic responses to CG8421. Results There was no difference (P = 1.0) in the frequency of campylobacteriosis in those receiving rifaximin (86.7%) or placebo (84.6%). Additionally, there were no differences in the clinical signs and symptoms of C. jejuni infection to include abdominal pain/cramps (P = 1.0), nausea (P = 1.0), vomiting (P = .2), or fever (P = 1.0) across study groups. Immune responses to the CG8421 strain were comparable across treatment groups. Conclusions Rifaximin did not prevent campylobacteriosis in this controlled human infection model. Given the morbidity associated with Campylobacter infection, primary prevention efforts remain a significant need. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02280044.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Rimmer
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland.,School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham.,Academic Department of Military Medicine, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine (Academia and Research), Medical Directorate, Joint Medical Command, Information and Communications Technology Centre, Birmingham Research Park, United Kingdom
| | - Clayton Harro
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - David A Sack
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Kawsar R Talaat
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Ramiro L Gutierrez
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Barbara DeNearing
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Jessica Brubaker
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Renee M Laird
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Frédéric Poly
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Alexander C Maue
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kayla Jaep
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ashley Alcala
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Yelizaveta Mochalova
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Christina L Gariepy
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
| | - Patricia Guerry
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chad K Porter
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Mark S Riddle
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lou H, Li X, Guo F, Ding M, Hu Y, Chen H, Yan J. Evaluations of Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase B cell antigen epitope as a potential epitope vaccine against Campylobacter jejuni. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1117-1122. [PMID: 31516338 PMCID: PMC6734151 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to screen and find alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) B cell dominant epitope of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Materials and methods Bio-informatic algorithms were used to predict B cell epitopes of AhpC. The AhpC protein and chemically synthesized antigenic epitopes of C. jejuni were considered as antigens, and the AhpC antibody was used as the primary antibody, ELISA and dot blot were used to analyze and screen the dominant epitope. The specific IgG of mice serum and IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. The protective efficacy was evaluated by animal disease index and tissue histopathological staining of the jejunum. Results Seven epitopes of AhpC were predicted, one epitope (AhpC4–16) was found to recognize the antibodies of AhpC and had strong antigenicity by ELISA and dot blot analysis. In epitope AhpC4–16 immunized mice, specific IgG of serum and IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatant were significantly higher. The illness index decreased significantly, the protective rate was 66.67%. Histopathology displayed that the jejunum morphology was better than the control group. Conclusions These findings suggested that epitope AhpC4–16 showed effective protective role against C. jejuni and is a candidate epitope of vaccine against this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Lou
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Fangming Guo
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding authors.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feodorova VA, Lyapina AM, Zaitsev SS, Khizhnyakova MA, Sayapina LV, Ulianova OV, Ulyanov SS, Motin VL. New Promising Targets for Synthetic Omptin-Based Peptide Vaccine against Gram-Negative Pathogens. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7020036. [PMID: 30974891 PMCID: PMC6630670 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omptins represent a family of proteases commonly found in various Gram-negative pathogens. These proteins play an important role in host-pathogen interaction and have been recognized as key virulence factors, highlighting the possibility of developing an omptin-based broad-spectrum vaccine. The prototypical omptin, His-tagged recombinant Pla, was used as a model target antigen. In total, 46 linear and 24 conformational epitopes for the omptin family were predicted by the use of ElliPro service. Among these we selected highly conserved, antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic B-cell epitopes. Five epitopes (2, 6, 8, 10, and 11 corresponding to Pla regions 52-60, 146-150, 231-234, 286-295, and 306-311, respectively) could be the first choice for the development of the new generation of target-peptide-based vaccine against plague. The partial residues of omptin epitopes 6, 8, and 10 (regions 136-145, 227-230, and 274-285) could be promising targets for the multi-pathogen vaccine against a group of enterobacterial infections. The comparative analysis and 3D modeling of amino acid sequences of several omptin family proteases, such as Pla (Yersinia pestis), PgtE (Salmonella enterica), SopA (Shigella flexneri), OmpT, and OmpP (Escherichia coli), confirmed their high cross-homology with respect to the identified epitope clusters and possible involvement of individual epitopes in host-pathogen interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Feodorova
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and NanoBiotechnology, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Anna M Lyapina
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and NanoBiotechnology, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Sergey S Zaitsev
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and NanoBiotechnology, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Maria A Khizhnyakova
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and NanoBiotechnology, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Lidiya V Sayapina
- Department of Vaccine Control, Scientific Center on Expertise of Medical Application Products, 127051, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Onega V Ulianova
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and NanoBiotechnology, Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Branch in Saratov, 410028 Saratov, Russia.
| | - Sergey S Ulyanov
- Department for Medical Optics, Saratov State University, 410012, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Vladimir L Motin
- Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Naili I, Vinot J, Baudner BC, Bernalier-Donadille A, Pizza M, Desvaux M, Jubelin G, D'Oro U, Buonsanti C. Mixed mucosal-parenteral immunizations with the broadly conserved pathogenic Escherichia coli antigen SslE induce a robust mucosal and systemic immunity without affecting the murine intestinal microbiota. Vaccine 2018; 37:314-324. [PMID: 30503655 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergence and dissemination of multidrug resistance among pathogenic Escherichia coli have posed a serious threat to public health across developing and developed countries. In combination with a flexible repertoire of virulence mechanisms, E. coli can cause a vast range of intestinal (InPEC) and extraintestinal (ExPEC) diseases but only a very limited number of antibiotics still remains effective against this pathogen. Hence, a broad spectrum E. coli vaccine could be a promising alternative to prevent the burden of such diseases, while offering the potential for covering against several InPEC and ExPEC at once. SslE, the Secreted and Surface-associated Lipoprotein of E. coli, is a widely distributed protein among InPEC and ExPEC. SslE functions ex vivo as a mucinase capable of degrading mucins and reaching the surface of mucus-producing epithelial cells. SslE was identified by reverse vaccinology as a protective vaccine candidate against an ExPEC murine model of sepsis, and further shown to be cross-effective against other ExPEC and InPEC models of infection. In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the immune response to antigen SslE and identify an immunization strategy suited to generate robust mucosal and systemic immune responses. We showed, by analyzing T cell and antibody responses, that mice immunized with SslE via an intranasal prime followed by two intramuscular boosts developed an enhanced overall immune response compared to either intranasal-only or intramuscular-only protocols. Importantly, we also report that this regimen of immunization did not impact the richness of the murine gut microbiota, and mice had a comparable cecal microbial composition, whether immunized with SslE or PBS. Collectively, our findings further support the use of SslE in future vaccination strategies to effectively target both InPEC and ExPEC while not perturbing the resident gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Naili
- GSK, Siena, Italy; Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Grégory Jubelin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR454 MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lind J, Schollin Ask L, Juarez S, Hjern A. Hospital care for viral gastroenteritis in socio-economic and geographical context in Sweden 2006-2013. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:2011-2018. [PMID: 29863748 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated socio-economic and geographical determinants of hospital care for viral gastroenteritis in young children. METHOD This is a register-based study in a national birth cohort of 752 078 children 0-5 years of age in Sweden during 2006-2012. Hazard ratios (HR) of time to first admission and first episode of outpatient emergency department (ED) care with a diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis were estimated with Cox regression. RESULTS The adjusted HRs for hospital admission with a diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis were increased when the mother was below 25 years at the birth of the child, 1.30 (95% CI: 1.24-1.35), had a short (<=9 years) education, 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.23), a psychiatric disorder, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.30-1.39), and/or when parents were born outside Europe, 1.23 (95% CI: 1.18-1.29). In contrast, the disposable income of the family was only marginally associated with such hospital admissions. The pattern of HRs for outpatient ED hospital care was similar. Hospital care incidences for viral gastroenteritis differed considerably between Swedish counties. CONCLUSION Parental indicators associated with a lower level of health literacy increase the risk for hospital care due to gastroenteritis in young children. Information about oral rehydration should be provided in ways that are accessible to these parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Schollin Ask
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital; South General Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine; Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sol Juarez
- CHESS; Centre for Health Equity Studies; Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Hjern
- Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital; South General Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Medicine; Clinical Epidemiology Unit; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- CHESS; Centre for Health Equity Studies; Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cádiz L, Torres A, Valdés R, Vera G, Gutiérrez D, Levine MM, Montero DA, O'Ryan M, Rasko DA, Stine OC, Vidal R, Del Canto F. Coli Surface Antigen 26 Acts as an Adherence Determinant of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Is Cross-Recognized by Anti-CS20 Antibodies. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2463. [PMID: 30459723 PMCID: PMC6232838 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coli surface antigen 26 (CS26) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) had been described as a putative adhesive pilus based on the partial sequence of the crsH gene, detected in isolates from children with diarrhea in Egypt. However, its production and activity as adherence determinant has not been experimentally addressed. The crsH was identified as a homolog of genes encoding structural subunits of ETEC colonization factors (CFs) CS12, CS18, and CS20. These CFs, along with the recently discovered CS30, belong to the γ2 family of pili assembled by the chaperone-usher pathway (CU pili). Further, the complete CS26 locus, crsHBCDEFG, was described in an O141 ETEC strain (ETEC 100664) obtained from a diarrhea case in The Gambia, during the Global Enterics Multicenter Study. Here, we report that CS26 is a pilus of ∼10 nm in diameter, with the capacity to increase the cell adherence of the non-pathogenic strain E. coli DH10B. As for other related pili, production of CS26 seems to be regulated by phase variation. Deletion of crsHBCDEFG in ETEC 100664 significantly decreased its adherence capacity, which was recovered by in trans complementation. Furthermore, CrsH was cross-recognized by polyclonal antibodies directed against the major structural subunit of CS20, CsnA, as determined by Western blotting and immunogold labeling. ETEC CS26+ strains were found to harbor the heat-labile enterotoxin only, within three different sequence types of phylogroups A and B1, the latter suggesting acquisition through independent events of horizontal transfer. Overall, our results demonstrate that CS26 is an adhesive pilus of human ETEC. In addition, cross-reactivity with anti-CsnA antibodies indicate presence of common epitopes in γ2-CFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Cádiz
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Torres
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Valdés
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Vera
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Gutiérrez
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David A Montero
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David A Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - O Colin Stine
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Del Canto
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Riddle M, Chen W, Kirkwood C, MacLennan C. Update on vaccines for enteric pathogens. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1039-1045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Rodrigues KMDP, Moreira BM. Preventing diseases in round-the-world travelers: a contemporary challenge for travel medicine advice. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2018; 51:125-132. [PMID: 29768543 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0418-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing advice for travelers embarking on long-term trips poses a challenge in travel medicine. A long duration of risk exposure is associated with underuse of protective measures and poor adherence to chemoprophylaxis, increasing the chances of acquiring infections. Recently, in our clinic, we observed an increase in the number of travelers undertaking round-the-world trips. These individuals are typically aged around 32 years and quit their jobs to embark on one-to-two-year journeys. Their destinations include countries in two or more continents, invariably Southeast Asia and Indonesia, and mostly involve land travel and visiting rural areas. Such trips involve flexible plans, increasing the challenge, especially with regard to malaria prophylaxis. Advising round-the-world travelers is time-consuming because of the amount of information that must be provided to the traveler. Advisors must develop strategies to commit the traveler to his/her own health, and verify their learnings on disease-prevention measures. Contacting the advisor after the appointment or during the trip can be helpful to clarify unclear instructions or diagnosis made and prescriptions given abroad. Infectious diseases are among the most frequent problems affecting travelers, many of which are preventable by vaccines, medicines, and precautionary measures. The dissemination of counterfeit medicines, particularly antibiotics and antimalarial medicines, emphasizes the need for travelers to carry medicines that they may possibly need on their trip. Additional advice on altitude, scuba diving, and other possible risks may also be given. Considering the difficulties in advising this group, we present a review of the main recommendations on advising these travelers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karis Maria de Pinho Rodrigues
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Centro de Informação em Saúde para Viajantes (Cives), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Meurer Moreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goés, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Webb C, Cabada MM. A Review on Prevention Interventions to Decrease Diarrheal Diseases’ Burden in Children. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-018-0134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
24
|
Jung TH, Choi JH, Koh KC, Jeon WM, Han KS. Purification and Anti-pathogenic Properties of Immunoglobulin Concentrates from Porcine Blood. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:743-751. [PMID: 29147098 PMCID: PMC5686333 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.5.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During slaughtering, animal blood is typically discarded, resulting in water pollution. However, this discarded blood has valuable components, such as immunoglobulin (Ig). Although several studies have been conducted to develop methods for effective recycling of slaughterhouse blood, they have not been commercially utilized in Korea. Here, we extracted an Ig-rich fraction from porcine blood that was then subjected to various in vitro tests, including pathogen growth inhibition, antigenic cross-reactivity, and anti-toxin activity. The porcine immunoglobulin concentrate (PIC) was effectively purified by eliminating other components, such as albumin, and consisted of approximately 63.2±2.9% IgG and 7.2±0.4% IgM on a protein basis. The results showed that it significantly suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and bound to all tested pathogens, including both gram-positive and gram-negative species, although the degree of activity differed according to strain. The PIC bound to two types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) obtained from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the PIC restored the proliferation activity of the lymphoblast K-562 cells when co-incubated with pathogenic LPS. These results confirm that the PIC prepared in this study is a potentially valuable functional food material or diet supplement as an alternative to antibiotics that can protect animals from pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hwan Jung
- Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | | | - Woo-Min Jeon
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Health and Bio-Convergence, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.,Department of Animal Biotechnology and Resource, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rosales-Mendoza S, Sández-Robledo C, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo C. Corn-based vaccines: current status and prospects. PLANTA 2017; 245:875-888. [PMID: 28349257 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Corn is an attractive host for vaccine production and oral delivery. The present review provides the current outlook and perspectives for this field. Among seed-crops, corn represents a key source of biomass for food, fuel production, and other applications. Since the beginning of the development of plant-based vaccines, corn was explored for the production and delivery of vaccines. About a dozen of pathogens have been studied under this technology with distinct degrees of development. A vaccine prototype against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was evaluated in a phase I clinical trial and several candidates targeting bacterial and viral diseases are under preclinical evaluation. The present review provides an updated outlook on this topic highlighting the employed expression strategies; perspectives for the field are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, Mexico.
| | - Cristhian Sández-Robledo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Bañuelos-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, Mexico
| | - Carlos Angulo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, SC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, BCS, 23096, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hur J, Özgür A, He Y. Ontology-based literature mining of E. coli vaccine-associated gene interaction networks. J Biomed Semantics 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28288685 PMCID: PMC5348867 DOI: 10.1186/s13326-017-0122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic Escherichia coli infections cause various diseases in humans and many animal species. However, with extensive E. coli vaccine research, we are still unable to fully protect ourselves against E. coli infections. To more rational development of effective and safe E. coli vaccine, it is important to better understand E. coli vaccine-associated gene interaction networks. Methods In this study, we first extended the Vaccine Ontology (VO) to semantically represent various E. coli vaccines and genes used in the vaccine development. We also normalized E. coli gene names compiled from the annotations of various E. coli strains using a pan-genome-based annotation strategy. The Interaction Network Ontology (INO) includes a hierarchy of various interaction-related keywords useful for literature mining. Using VO, INO, and normalized E. coli gene names, we applied an ontology-based SciMiner literature mining strategy to mine all PubMed abstracts and retrieve E. coli vaccine-associated E. coli gene interactions. Four centrality metrics (i.e., degree, eigenvector, closeness, and betweenness) were calculated for identifying highly ranked genes and interaction types. Results Using vaccine-related PubMed abstracts, our study identified 11,350 sentences that contain 88 unique INO interactions types and 1,781 unique E. coli genes. Each sentence contained at least one interaction type and two unique E. coli genes. An E. coli gene interaction network of genes and INO interaction types was created. From this big network, a sub-network consisting of 5 E. coli vaccine genes, including carA, carB, fimH, fepA, and vat, and 62 other E. coli genes, and 25 INO interaction types was identified. While many interaction types represent direct interactions between two indicated genes, our study has also shown that many of these retrieved interaction types are indirect in that the two genes participated in the specified interaction process in a required but indirect process. Our centrality analysis of these gene interaction networks identified top ranked E. coli genes and 6 INO interaction types (e.g., regulation and gene expression). Conclusions Vaccine-related E. coli gene-gene interaction network was constructed using ontology-based literature mining strategy, which identified important E. coli vaccine genes and their interactions with other genes through specific interaction types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13326-017-0122-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
| | - Arzucan Özgür
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Yongqun He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Del Canto F, O'Ryan M, Pardo M, Torres A, Gutiérrez D, Cádiz L, Valdés R, Mansilla A, Martínez R, Hernández D, Caro B, Levine MM, Rasko DA, Hill CM, Pop M, Stine OC, Vidal R. Chaperone-Usher Pili Loci of Colonization Factor-Negative Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 6:200. [PMID: 28111618 PMCID: PMC5216030 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common causes of diarrhea worldwide. Among the 25 different ETEC adhesins, 22 are known as "colonization factors" (CFs), of which 17 are assembled by the chaperone-usher (CU) mechanism. Currently, there is no preventive therapy against ETEC, and CFs have been proposed as components for vaccine development. However, studies of diarrhea-causing ETEC strains worldwide indicate that between 15 and 50% of these are negative for known CFs, hindering the selection of the most widespread structures and suggesting that unknown adhesins remain to be identified. Here, we report the result of a comprehensive analysis of 35 draft genomes of ETEC strains which do not carry known adhesin genes; our goal was to find new CU pili loci. The phylogenetic profiles and serogroups of these strains were highly diverse, a majority of which produced only the heat-labile toxin. We identified 10 pili loci belonging to CU families β (1 locus), γ2 (7 loci), κ (1 locus), and π (1 locus), all of which contained the required number of open reading frames (ORFs) to encode functional structures. Three loci were variants of previously-known clusters, three had been only-partially described, and four are novel loci. Intra-loci genetic variability identified would allow the synthesis of up to 14 different structures. Clusters of putative γ2-CU pili were most common (23 strains), followed by putative β-CU pili (12 strains), which have not yet been fully characterized. Overall, our findings significantly increase the number of ETEC adhesion genes associated with human infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Del Canto
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Mirka Pardo
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Torres
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Gutiérrez
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro Cádiz
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Raul Valdés
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Aquiles Mansilla
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Martínez
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Hernández
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamin Caro
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Myron M Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Rasko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Hill
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mihai Pop
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies College Park, MD, USA
| | - O Colin Stine
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Vidal
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Riddle MS, Kaminski RW, Di Paolo C, Porter CK, Gutierrez RL, Clarkson KA, Weerts HE, Duplessis C, Castellano A, Alaimo C, Paolino K, Gormley R, Gambillara Fonck V. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Candidate Bioconjugate Vaccine against Shigella flexneri 2a Administered to Healthy Adults: a Single-Blind, Randomized Phase I Study. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:908-917. [PMID: 27581434 PMCID: PMC5139601 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00224-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several candidate vaccines against Shigella spp. are in development, but the lack of a clear correlate of protection from challenge with the induction of adequate immune responses among the youngest age groups in the developing world has hampered Shigella vaccine development over the past several decades. Bioconjugation technology, exploited here for an Shigella flexneri 2a candidate vaccine, offers a novel and potentially cost-effective way to develop and produce vaccines against a major pathogen of global health importance. Flexyn2a, a novel S. flexneri 2a bioconjugate vaccine made of the polysaccharide component of the S. flexneri 2a O-antigen, conjugated to the exotoxin protein A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (EPA), was evaluated for safety and immunogenicity among healthy adults in a single-blind, phase I study with a staggered randomization approach. Thirty subjects (12 receiving 10 μg Flexyn2a, 12 receiving Flexyn2a with aluminum adjuvant, and 6 receiving placebo) were administered two injections 4 weeks apart and were followed for 168 days. Flexyn2a was well-tolerated, independently of the adjuvant and number of injections. The Flexyn2a vaccine elicited statistically significant S. flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific humoral responses at all time points postimmunization in all groups that received the vaccine. Elicited serum antibodies were functional, as evidenced by bactericidal activity against S. flexneri 2a. The bioconjugate candidate vaccine Flexyn2a has a satisfactory safety profile and elicited a robust humoral response to S. flexneri 2a LPS with or without inclusion of an adjuvant. Moreover, the bioconjugate also induced functional antibodies, showing the technology's features in producing a promising candidate vaccine. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02388009.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Riddle
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W Kaminski
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Chad K Porter
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Hailey E Weerts
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Amy Castellano
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Gormley
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Surface proteome mining for identification of potential vaccine candidates against Campylobacter jejuni: an in silico approach. Funct Integr Genomics 2016; 17:27-37. [PMID: 27778110 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-016-0530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni remains a major cause of human gastroenteritis with estimated annual incidence rate of 450 million infections worldwide. C. jejuni is a major burden to public health in both socioeconomically developing and industrialized nations. Virulence determinants involved in C. jejuni pathogenesis are multifactorial in nature and not yet fully understood. Despite the completion of the first C. jejuni genome project in 2000, there are currently no vaccines in the market against this pathogen. Traditional vaccinology approach is an arduous and time extensive task. Omics techniques coupled with sequencing data have engaged researcher's attention to reduce the time and resources applied in the process of vaccine development. Recently, there has been remarkable increase in development of in silico analysis tools for efficiently mining biological information obscured in the genome. In silico approaches have been crucial for combating infectious diseases by accelerating the pace of vaccine development. This study employed a range of bioinformatics approaches for proteome scale identification of peptide vaccine candidates. Whole proteome of C. jejuni was investigated for varied properties like antigenicity, allergenicity, major histocompatibility class (MHC)-peptide interaction, immune cell processivity, HLA distribution, conservancy, and population coverage. Predicted epitopes were further tested for binding in MHC groove using computational docking studies. The predicted epitopes were conserved; covered more than 80 % of the world population and were presented by MHC-I supertypes. We conclude by underscoring that the epitopes predicted are believed to expedite the development of successful vaccines to control or prevent C. jejuni infections albeit the results need to be experimentally validated.
Collapse
|
30
|
Oral delivery of macromolecular drugs: Where we are after almost 100years of attempts. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 101:108-121. [PMID: 26826437 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first attempt to administer insulin orally in humans more than 90years ago, the oral delivery of macromolecular drugs (>1000g/mol) has been rather disappointing. Although several clinical pilot studies have demonstrated that the oral absorption of macromolecules is possible, the bioavailability remains generally low and variable. This article reviews the formulations and biopharmaceutical aspects of orally administered biomacromolecules on the market and in clinical development for local and systemic delivery. The most successful approaches for systemic delivery often involve a combination of enteric coating, protease inhibitors and permeation enhancers in relatively high amounts. However, some of these excipients have induced local or systemic adverse reactions in preclinical and clinical studies, and long-term studies are often missing. Therefore, strategies aimed at increasing the oral absorption of macromolecular drugs should carefully take into account the benefit-risk ratio. In the absence of specific uptake pathways, small and potent peptides that are resistant to degradation and that present a large therapeutic window certainly represent the best candidates for systemic absorption. While we acknowledge the need for systemically delivering biomacromolecules, it is our opinion that the oral delivery to local gastrointestinal targets is currently more promising because of their accessibility and the lacking requirement for intestinal permeability enhancement.
Collapse
|