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Hoffman J, Zheng S, Zhang H, Murphy RF, Dahl KN. Image-based discrimination of the early stages of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar103. [PMID: 38837346 PMCID: PMC11321037 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-02-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing, multipotent cells, which can be used in cellular and tissue therapeutics. MSCs cell number can be expanded in vitro, but premature differentiation results in reduced cell number and compromised therapeutic efficacies. Current techniques fail to discriminate the "stem-like" population from early stages (12 h) of differentiated MSC population. Here, we imaged nuclear structure and actin architecture using immunofluorescence and used deep learning-based computer vision technology to discriminate the early stages (6-12 h) of MSC differentiation. Convolutional neural network models trained by nucleus and actin images have high accuracy in reporting MSC differentiation; nuclear images alone can identify early stages of differentiation. Concurrently, we show that chromatin fluidity and heterochromatin levels or localization change during early MSC differentiation. This study quantifies changes in cell architecture during early MSC differentiation and describes a novel image-based diagnostic tool that could be widely used in MSC culture, expansion and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hoffman
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Shiyuan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Huaiying Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Robert F. Murphy
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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2
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Janssens S, Rennen S, Agostinis P. Decoding immunogenic cell death from a dendritic cell perspective. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:350-370. [PMID: 38093416 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are myeloid cells bridging the innate and adaptive immune system. By cross-presenting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) liberated upon spontaneous or therapy-induced tumor cell death to T cells, DCs occupy a pivotal position in the cancer immunity cycle. Over the last decades, the mechanisms linking cancer cell death to DC maturation, have been the focus of intense research. Growing evidence supports the concept that the mere transfer of TAAs during the process of cell death is insufficient to drive immunogenic DC maturation unless this process is coupled with the release of immunomodulatory signals by dying cancer cells. Malignant cells succumbing to a regulated cell death variant called immunogenic cell death (ICD), foster a proficient interface with DCs, enabling their immunogenic maturation and engagement of adaptive immunity against cancer. This property relies on the ability of ICD to exhibit pathogen-mimicry hallmarks and orchestrate the emission of a spectrum of constitutively present or de novo-induced danger signals, collectively known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this review, we discuss how DCs perceive and decode danger signals emanating from malignant cells undergoing ICD and provide an outlook of the major signaling and functional consequences of this interaction for DCs and antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Rennen
- Laboratory for ER Stress and Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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3
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Alvarez-Rivera E, Rodríguez-Valentín M, Boukli NM. The Antiviral Compound PSP Inhibits HIV-1 Entry via PKR-Dependent Activation in Monocytic Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:804. [PMID: 36992512 PMCID: PMC10051440 DOI: 10.3390/v15030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin depolymerization factor (ADF) cofilin-1 is a key cytoskeleton component that serves to lessen cortical actin. HIV-1 manipulates cofilin-1 regulation as a pre- and post-entry requisite. Disruption of ADF signaling is associated with denial of entry. The unfolded protein response (UPR) marker Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and interferon-induced protein (IFN-IP) double-stranded RNA- activated protein kinase (PKR) are reported to overlap with actin components. In our published findings, Coriolus versicolor bioactive extract polysaccharide peptide (PSP) has demonstrated anti-HIV replicative properties in THP1 monocytic cells. However, its involvement towards viral infectivity has not been elucidated before. In the present study, we examined the roles of PKR and IRE1α in cofilin-1 phosphorylation and its HIV-1 restrictive roles in THP1. HIV-1 p24 antigen was measured through infected supernatant to determine PSP's restrictive potential. Quantitative proteomics was performed to analyze cytoskeletal and UPR regulators. PKR, IRE1α, and cofilin-1 biomarkers were measured through immunoblots. Validation of key proteome markers was done through RT-qPCR. PKR/IRE1α inhibitors were used to validate viral entry and cofilin-1 phosphorylation through Western blots. Our findings show that PSP treatment before infection leads to an overall lower infectivity. Additionally, PKR and IRE1α show to be key regulators in cofilin-1 phosphorylation and viral restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamόn, PR 00960, USA
| | | | - Nawal M. Boukli
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamόn, PR 00960, USA
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4
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Pontisso I, Ornelas-Guevara R, Combettes L, Dupont G. A journey in UPR modelling. Biol Cell 2023; 115:e2200111. [PMID: 36751133 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding and protein maturation largely occur in the controlled environment of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Perturbation to the correct functioning of this organelle leads to altered proteostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. This condition is commonly known as ER stress and is appearing as an important contributor in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Monitoring of the quality control processes is mediated by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). This response consists in a complex network of signalling pathways that aim to restore protein folding and ER homeostasis. Conditions in which UPR is not able to overcome ER stress lead to a switch of the UPR signalling program from an adaptive to a pro-apoptotic one, revealing a key role of UPR in modulating cell fate decisions. Because of its high complexity and its involvement in the regulation of different cellular outcomes, UPR has been the centre of the development of computational models, which tried to better dissect the role of UPR or of its specific components in several contexts. In this review, we go through the existing mathematical models of UPR. We emphasize how their study contributed to an improved characterization of the role of this intricate response in the modulation of cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pontisso
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) - CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.,"Calcium signaling and microbial infections", Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Laurent Combettes
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC) - CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.,"Calcium signaling and microbial infections", Inserm U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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5
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Rufo N, Yang Y, De Vleeschouwer S, Agostinis P. The "Yin and Yang" of Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer and Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2022; 11:2899. [PMID: 36139473 PMCID: PMC9497201 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological burdens that perturb endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved cytosol-to-nucleus signaling pathway that aims to reinstate the vital biosynthetic and secretory capacity of the ER. Disrupted ER homeostasis, causing maladaptive UPR signaling, is an emerging trait of cancer cells. Maladaptive UPR sustains oncogene-driven reprogramming of proteostasis and metabolism and fosters proinflammatory pathways promoting tissue repair and protumorigenic immune responses. However, when cancer cells are exposed to conditions causing irreparable ER homeostasis, such as those elicited by anticancer therapies, the UPR switches from a survival to a cell death program. This lethal ER stress response can elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of cell death with proinflammatory traits favoring antitumor immune responses. How UPR-driven pathways transit from a protective to a killing modality with favorable immunogenic and proinflammatory output remains unresolved. Here, we discuss key aspects of the functional dichotomy of UPR in cancer cells and how this signal can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit in the context of ICD, especially from the aspect of inflammation aroused by the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Rufo
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yihan Yang
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory of Cell Death Research & Therapy, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Ouban A. Filamin-A expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:125-136. [PMID: 34677823 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs) are tumours with a high incidence of treatment failure and recurrence. Recent strategies to improve the five-year survival rate and to decrease the rates of recurrence and metastases did not improve outcomes significantly. Research efforts in recent years have started focusing on discovering biomarkers of prognosis and management in LSCCs. Filamin-A reportedly has been associated with metastatic disease in a recent study. Analysis of this protein's expression in LSCCs is lacking in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study analysed the expression of filamin-A, using immunohistochemistry, in a tissue microarray of 80 cases of laryngeal squamous cell cancers. Clinical-pathological parameters were analysed according to filamin-A expression in the tissue microarray. Furthermore, a review of possible mechanisms of this protein in cancer, in general, was presented, along with a review of the protein's expression in other head and neck tumours. RESULTS A significant majority of laryngeal squamous cell cancers exhibited positive expression of filamin-A protein. All the filamin-A positive tumours expressed it in their cytoplasm. Significant correlation between filamin-A expression and grade, stage, lymph node status and metastases were found. CONCLUSION The above may suggest an important role for filamin-A in LSCCs. Overall, filamin-A expression in laryngeal cancer is in line with evidence seen in other head and neck cancers. Further studies are in order to pinpoint the exact role of this protein in LSCCs, and its possible utilization in the management of these difficult-to-treat tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Ouban
- Department of Pathology, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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7
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Srivastava N, Tauseef M, Amin R, Joshi B, Joshi JC, Kini V, Klomp J, Li W, Knezevic N, Barbera N, Siddiqui S, Obukhov A, Karginov A, Levitan I, Komarova Y, Mehta D. Noncanonical function of long myosin light chain kinase in increasing ER-PM junctions and augmentation of SOCE. FASEB J 2020; 34:12805-12819. [PMID: 32772419 PMCID: PMC7496663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902462rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability leads to excessive exudation of plasma proteins and leukocytes in the interstitium, which characterizes several vascular diseases including acute lung injury. The myosin light chain kinase long (MYLK-L) isoform is canonically known to regulate the endothelial permeability by phosphorylating myosin light chain (MLC-P). Compared to the short MYLK isoform, MYLK-L contains an additional stretch of ~919 amino acid at the N-terminus of unknown function. We show that thapsigargin and thrombin-induced SOCE was markedly reduced in Mylk-L-/- endothelial cells (EC) or MYLK-L-depleted human EC. These agonists also failed to increase endothelial permeability in MYLK-L-depleted EC and Mylk-L-/- lungs, thus demonstrating the novel role of MYLK-L-induced SOCE in increasing vascular permeability. MYLK-L augmented SOCE by increasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) junctions and STIM1 translocation to these junctions. Transduction of N-MYLK domain (amino acids 1-919 devoid of catalytic activity) into Mylk-L-/- EC rescued SOCE to the level seen in control EC in a STIM1-dependent manner. N-MYLK-induced SOCE augmented endothelial permeability without MLC-P via an actin-binding motif, DVRGLL. Liposomal-mediated delivery of N-MYLK mutant but not ∆DVRGLL-N-MYLK mutant in Mylk-L-/- mice rescued vascular permeability increase in response to endotoxin, indicating that targeting of DVRGLL motif within MYLK-L may limit SOCE-induced vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoILUSA
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Bhagwati Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Jagdish Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Vidisha Kini
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Jennifer Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Weenan Li
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Nebojsa Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Nicolas Barbera
- Department of MedicineThe Uniiversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Shahid Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Alexander Obukhov
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of MedicineThe Uniiversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoILUSA
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8
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Bedard M, Shrestha D, Priestman DA, Wang Y, Schneider F, Matute JD, Iyer SS, Gileadi U, Prota G, Kandasamy M, Veerapen N, Besra G, Fritzsche M, Zeissig S, Shevchenko A, Christianson JC, Platt FM, Eggeling C, Blumberg RS, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Sterile activation of invariant natural killer T cells by ER-stressed antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23671-23681. [PMID: 31690657 PMCID: PMC6876220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910097116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have the unique ability to shape immunity during antitumor immune responses and other forms of sterile and nonsterile inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a variety of classes of endogenous and pathogen-derived lipid antigens that can trigger iNKT cell activation under sterile and nonsterile conditions. However, the context and mechanisms that drive the presentation of self-lipid antigens in sterile inflammation remain unclear. Here we report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stressed myeloid cells, via signaling events modulated by the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway, increase CD1d-mediated presentation of immunogenic endogenous lipid species, which results in enhanced iNKT cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate that actin cytoskeletal reorganization during ER stress results in an altered distribution of CD1d on the cell surface, which contributes to enhanced iNKT cell activation. These results define a previously unidentified mechanism that controls iNKT cell activation during sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuting Wang
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Prota
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matheswaran Kandasamy
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Egdbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Egdbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - John C Christianson
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technologies e.V., 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom;
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9
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Liu P, Zhao L, Kepp O, Kroemer G. Quantitation of calreticulin exposure associated with immunogenic cell death. Methods Enzymol 2019; 632:1-13. [PMID: 32000891 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells treated by immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers emit danger associated molecular patterns (DAMP), including but not limited to calreticulin (CALR), which translocates from the ER lumen to the surface of the cellular membrane where it serves as de novo uptake signal for antigen presenting cells of the immune system. CALR is exposed at an early stage of ICD and dictates tumor antigen transfer and therefore the immunogenicity of cancer cell death. Here, we provide a bi-color flow cytometry protocol for the quantification of ICD-associated CALR cell surface exposure in fixed samples. As compared to the detection of surface exposed CALR by confocal microscopy, the present flow cytometry-based analysis is cost-efficient and does not require sophisticated equipment. Moreover, the staining panel can be extended to a multicolor analysis for the parallel assessment of additional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1138, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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