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Renna FJ, Enriqué Steinberg JH, Gonzalez CD, Manifava M, Tadic MS, Orquera T, Vecino CV, Ropolo A, Guardavaccaro D, Rossi M, Ktistakis NT, Vaccaro MI. Ubiquitination Is a Novel Post-Translational Modification of VMP1 in Autophagy of Human Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12981. [PMID: 37629161 PMCID: PMC10455450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly regulated catabolic process involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles. Ubiquitination plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy. Vacuole Membrane Protein 1 (VMP1) is an essential autophagy protein. The expression of VMP1 in pancreatic cancer stem cells carrying the activated Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) triggers autophagy and enables therapy resistance. Using biochemical and cellular approaches, we identified ubiquitination as a post-translational modification of VMP1 from the initial steps in autophagosome biogenesis. VMP1 remains ubiquitinated as part of the autophagosome membrane throughout autophagic flux until autolysosome formation. However, VMP1 is not degraded by autophagy, nor by the ubiquitin-proteasomal system. Mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation showed that the cell division cycle protein cdt2 (Cdt2), the substrate recognition subunit of the E3 ligase complex associated with cancer, cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex 4 (CRL4), is a novel interactor of VMP1 and is involved in VMP1 ubiquitination. VMP1 ubiquitination decreases under the CRL inhibitor MLN4924 and increases with Cdt2 overexpression. Moreover, VMP1 recruitment and autophagosome formation is significantly affected by CRL inhibition. Our results indicate that ubiquitination is a novel post-translational modification of VMP1 during autophagy in human tumor cells. VMP1 ubiquitination may be of clinical relevance in tumor-cell-therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe J. Renna
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Juliana H. Enriqué Steinberg
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar C1006ACC, Argentina
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio D. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Maria Manifava
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mariana S. Tadic
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Tamara Orquera
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Carolina V. Vecino
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | - Alejandro Ropolo
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
| | | | - Mario Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET, Universidad Austral, Pilar C1006ACC, Argentina
| | | | - Maria I. Vaccaro
- Instituto de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular Prof Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1113AAC, Argentina; (F.J.R.)
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Majeed ST, Majeed R, Andrabi KI. Expanding the view of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy pathway. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:3257-3277. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Tahir Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology Central University of Kashmir Ganderbal Jammu and Kashmir India
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Rabiya Majeed
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
- Department of Biochemistry University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
| | - Khurshid I. Andrabi
- Growth Factor Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology University of Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India
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Class III PI3K Biology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:69-93. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ayinde KS, Olaoba OT, Ibrahim B, Lei D, Lu Q, Yin X, Adelusi TI. AMPK allostery: A therapeutic target for the management/treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Life Sci 2020; 261:118455. [PMID: 32956662 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) with approximately 30-40% of patients with DM developing nephropathy, and it is the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases and diabetic morbidity. The pathogenesis of DN is primarily associated with irregularities in the metabolism of glucose and lipid leading to hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which has been a major target together with blood pressure regulation in the control of DN progression. However, the regulation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved protein kinase for maintaining energy balance and cellular growth and repair has been implicated in the development of DM and its complications. Therefore, targeting AMPK pathway has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes and its complication, although most of the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this review, we discuss the structure of AMPK relevant to understanding its allosteric regulation and its role in the pathogenesis and progression of DN. We also identify therapeutic agents that modulate AMPK and its downstream targets with their specific mechanisms of action in the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olamide Tosin Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Boyenle Ibrahim
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Du Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Temitope Isaac Adelusi
- Computational Biology/Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Meena NK, Ralston E, Raben N, Puertollano R. Enzyme Replacement Therapy Can Reverse Pathogenic Cascade in Pompe Disease. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:199-214. [PMID: 32671132 PMCID: PMC7334420 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease, a deficiency of glycogen-degrading lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA), is a disabling multisystemic illness that invariably affects skeletal muscle in all patients. The patients still carry a heavy burden of the disease, despite the currently available enzyme replacement therapy. We have previously shown that progressive entrapment of glycogen in the lysosome in muscle sets in motion a whole series of “extra-lysosomal” events including defective autophagy and disruption of a variety of signaling pathways. Here, we report that metabolic abnormalities and energy deficit also contribute to the complexity of the pathogenic cascade. A decrease in the metabolites of the glycolytic pathway and a shift to lipids as the energy source are observed in the diseased muscle. We now demonstrate in a pre-clinical study that a recently developed replacement enzyme (recombinant human GAA; AT-GAA; Amicus Therapeutics) with much improved lysosome-targeting properties reversed or significantly improved all aspects of the disease pathogenesis, an outcome not observed with the current standard of care. The therapy was initiated in GAA-deficient mice with fully developed muscle pathology but without obvious clinical symptoms; this point deserves consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar Meena
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evelyn Ralston
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nina Raben
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author Nina Raben, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding author Rosa Puertollano, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Garza-Lombó C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:105-117. [PMID: 31972372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous homeostatic mechanism for the degradation or turnover of cellular components. Degradation of mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy) is involved in a number of physiological processes including cellular homeostasis, differentiation and aging. Upon stress or injury, mitophagy prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and the increased steady state levels of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and cell death. A number of human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, have been linked to the dysregulation of mitophagy. In this mini-review, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitophagy and their relationship with redox signaling and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Zhang Q, Liu H, Yang J. Regulation of TGF-β1 on PI3KC3 and its role in hypertension-induced vascular injuries. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1717-1727. [PMID: 30783440 PMCID: PMC6364233 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PI3KC3) in the peripheral blood in patients with hypertension. A total of 28 patients with primary hypertension and 20 healthy control subjects were included. Peripheral blood samples were collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell chamber assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the cell proliferation, migration ability and cellular apoptosis, respectively. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to detect the intracellular autophagosomes. The expression of TGF-β1 was significantly elevated, whereas the expression of PI3KC3 was significantly downregulated in the patients with hypertension compared with controls. There was negative correlation between the TGF-β1 and PI3KC3 expression. Following treatment with TGF-β1, the protein expression of PI3KC3 was significantly decreased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and the autophagic activity was significantly decreased. Furthermore, following the treatment of TGF-β1 the proliferation of HUVECs was significantly reduced in the HUVECs, the hypoxia-induced apoptosis rates were significantly elevated and the number of penetrating cells were significantly declined (indicating declined migration ability). However, the overexpression of PI3KC3 significantly ameliorated the proliferation, migration ability and hypoxia tolerance of TGF-β1-treated HUVECs. In conclusion, the present results indicated that TGF-β1 expression was elevated in the peripheral blood in hypertensive patients and negatively correlated with the PI3KC3 expression; and that TGF-β1 regulates the PI3KC3 signaling pathway to inhibit the autophagic activity of vascular endothelial cells, and regulate the cell proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis ability, thus aggregating the endothelial cell injuries in hypertension. The results of the current study revealed a novel mechanism of TGF-β1 in the regulation of endothelial cell injury in hypertension, which may provide a potential target for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277101, P.R. China
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Tamargo-Gómez I, Mariño G. AMPK: Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics in the Context of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123812. [PMID: 30501132 PMCID: PMC6321489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed mechanisms that allow them to link growth and proliferation to the availability of energy and biomolecules. AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is one of the most important molecular energy sensors in eukaryotic cells. AMPK activity is able to control a wide variety of metabolic processes connecting cellular metabolism with energy availability. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway whose activity provides energy and basic building blocks for the synthesis of new biomolecules. Given the importance of autophagic degradation for energy production in situations of nutrient scarcity, it seems logical that eukaryotic cells have developed multiple molecular links between AMPK signaling and autophagy regulation. In this review, we will discuss the importance of AMPK activity for diverse aspects of cellular metabolism, and how AMPK modulates autophagic degradation and adapts it to cellular energetic status. We will explain how AMPK-mediated signaling is mechanistically involved in autophagy regulation both through specific phosphorylation of autophagy-relevant proteins or by indirectly impacting in the activity of additional autophagy regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Tamargo-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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Ohashi Y, Tremel S, Williams RL. VPS34 complexes from a structural perspective. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:229-241. [PMID: 30397185 PMCID: PMC6358306 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r089490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VPS34 phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol to produce PtdIns3P and is the progenitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family. VPS34 has a simpler domain organization than class I PI3Ks, which belies the complexity of its quaternary organization, with the enzyme always functioning within larger assemblies. PtdIns3P recruits specific recognition modules that are common in protein-sorting pathways, such as autophagy and endocytic sorting. It is best characterized in two heterotetramers, complexes I and II. Complex I is composed of VPS34, VPS15, Beclin 1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG)14L, whereas complex II replaces ATG14L with UVRAG. Because VPS34 can form a component of several distinct complexes, it enables independent regulation of various pathways that are controlled by PtdIns3P. Complexes I and II are critical for early events in autophagy and endocytic sorting, respectively. Autophagy has a complex association with cancer. In early stages, it inhibits tumorigenesis, but in later stages, it acts as a survival factor for tumors. Recently, various disease-associated somatic mutations were found in genes encoding complex I and II subunits. Lipid kinase activities of the complexes are also influenced by posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Mapping PTMs and somatic mutations on three-dimensional models of the complexes suggests mechanisms for how these affect VPS34 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Tremel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Roger L Williams
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
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Grasso D, Renna FJ, Vaccaro MI. Initial Steps in Mammalian Autophagosome Biogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:146. [PMID: 30406104 PMCID: PMC6206277 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, autophagy has been pointed out as a central process in cellular homeostasis with the consequent implication in most cellular settings and human diseases pathology. At present, there is significant data available about molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy. Nevertheless, autophagy pathway itself and its importance in different cellular aspects are still not completely clear. In this article, we are focused in four main aspects: (a) Induction of Autophagy: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism induced by nutrient starvation or lack of growth factors. In higher eukaryotes, autophagy is a cell response to stress which starts as a consequence of organelle damage, such as oxidative species and other stress conditions. (b) Initiation of Autophagy; The two major actors in this signaling process are mTOR and AMPK. These multitasking protein complexes are capable to summarize the whole environmental, nutritional, and energetic status of the cell and promote the autophagy induction by means of the ULK1-Complex, that is the first member in the autophagy initiation. (c) ULK1-Complex: This is a highly regulated complex responsible for the initiation of autophagosome formation. We review the post-transductional modifications of this complex, considering the targets of ULK1. (d)The mechanisms involved in autophagosome formation. In this section we discuss the main events that lead to the initial structures in autophagy. The BECN1-Complex with PI3K activity and the proper recognition of PI3P are one of these. Also, the transmembrane proteins, such as VMP1 and ATG9, are critically involved. The membrane origin and the cellular localization of autophagosome biogenesis will be also considered. Hence, in this article we present an overview of the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the initial steps of mammalian cell autophagosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grasso
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felipe Javier Renna
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ines Vaccaro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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