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Kaboudi N, Asl SG, Nourani N, Shayanfar A. Solubilization of drugs using beta-cyclodextrin: Experimental data and modeling. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024:S0003-4509(24)00008-7. [PMID: 38340807 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Many drug candidates fail to complete the entire drug development process because of poor physicochemical properties. Solubility is an important physicochemical property which plays a vital role in various stages of drug discovery and development. Several methods have been proposed to enhance the solubility of drugs, and complex formation with cyclodextrins is among them. Beta-cyclodextrin (βCD) is a common excipient for solubilization of drugs. The aim of this study is to develop the mechanistic QSPR models to predict the solubility enhancement of a drug in the presence of βCD. In this study, the solubility enhancement of some drugs in the presence of 10mM βCD at 25°C was experimentally determined or collected from the literature. Two different models to predict the solubilization by βCD were developed by binary logistic regression using structural properties of drugs with more than 80% accuracy. Polar surface area and excess molar refraction are the main parameters for estimating solubilization by βCD. Moreover, other descriptors related to hydrophobicity and the capability of hydrogen bonding formation of molecules could improve the accuracy of the established models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Kaboudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Ghasemi Asl
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasim Nourani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Shayanfar
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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De Gaetano F, Pastorello M, Pistarà V, Rescifina A, Margani F, Barbera V, Ventura CA, Marino A. Rutin/Sulfobutylether-β-Cyclodextrin as a Promising Therapeutic Formulation for Ocular Infection. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:233. [PMID: 38399286 PMCID: PMC10892075 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular pathologies present significant challenges to achieving effective therapeutic results due to various anatomical and physiological barriers. Natural products such as flavonoids, alone or in association with allopathic drugs, present many therapeutic actions including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial action. However, their clinical employment is challenging for scientists due to their low water solubility. In this study, we designed a liquid formulation based on rutin/sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (RTN/SBE-β-CD) inclusion complex for treating ocular infections. The correct stoichiometry and the accurate binding constant were determined by employing SupraFit software (2.5.120) in the UV-vis titration experiment. A deep physical-chemical characterization of the RTN/SBE-β-CD inclusion complex was also performed; it confirmed the predominant formation of a stable complex (Kc, 9660 M-1) in a 1:1 molar ratio, with high water solubility that was 20 times (2.5 mg/mL) higher than the free molecule (0.125 mg/mL), permitting the dissolution of the solid complex within 30 min. NMR studies revealed the involvement of the bicyclic flavonoid moiety in the complexation, which was also confirmed by molecular modeling studies. In vitro, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the formulation was assayed against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The results demonstrated a significant activity of the formulation than that of the free molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Gaetano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Martina Pastorello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Venerando Pistarà
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Fatima Margani
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (F.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Vincenzina Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy; (F.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Cinzia Anna Ventura
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.D.G.); (M.P.)
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Fatkullin R, Kalinina I, Naumenko N, Naumenko E. Use of Micronization and Complex Coacervation to Preserve Antioxidant Properties of Flavonoids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:9456931. [PMID: 37745180 PMCID: PMC10516702 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9456931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The plant flavonoids taxifolin and rutin are among the best known and best studied antioxidants. In addition to their antioxidant properties, other pharmacobiological properties have been established for these substances. At the same time, taxifolin and rutin are chemically labile. They are prone to oxidative degradation and have poor water solubility. Under conditions of their real consumption, all this can lead to a significant reduction or complete loss of bioactivity of these flavonoids. Flavonoid modification and encapsulation techniques can be used to overcome these barrier factors. The use of micronization process for taxifolin and rutin allows changing the lipophilicity values of antioxidants. For micronized taxifolin, the log P value is 1.3 (1.12 for the control forms), and for rutin, it was 0.15 (-0.64 for the control forms). The antioxidant activity of micronized flavonoids has increased about 1.16 times compared to control forms. The present study evaluates the possibility of using encapsulation of premyconized flavonoids by complex coacervation, in order to preserve their antioxidant properties. The results of an in vitro digestion study show that the encapsulated forms of antioxidants retain their bioactivity and bioavailability better than their original forms. The bioavailability indices for the encapsulated forms of flavonoids are more than 1.6 times higher than for their original forms. The digested fractions of the encapsulated properties reveal better antioxidant properties than their original forms in in vitro tests evaluating the antioxidant properties on cultures of the protozoan Paramecium caudatum and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Encapsulated rutin indicates the highest activity, 0.64 relative to PMA. Thus, the studies represent the feasibility of using encapsulation to protect flavonoids during digestion and ensure the preservation of their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Fatkullin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Irina Kalinina
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Natalya Naumenko
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Naumenko
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
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Jakaria SM, Budil DE, Murtagh J. Strategies To Stabilize Dalbavancin in Aqueous Solutions; Section 3: The Effects of 2 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Phosphate Buffer with and without Divalent Metal Ions. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2027-2037. [PMID: 37118348 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE New formulations of the glycopeptide drug dalbavancin containing 2-hydroxpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) with or without divalent metal ions in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were tested to evaluate whether these excipients influence the aqueous solution stability of dalbavancin. METHOD Recovery of dalbavancin from phosphate buffered solutions at pH 7.0 with different concentrations of 2HPβCD and a divalent metal ion (Ca2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+) was evaluated by RP-HPLC and HP-SEC after four weeks of storage at 5°C and 55°C. A long-term study of formulations with 2HPβCD and Mg2+ was carried out over six months at 5°C, 25°C, and 40°C using RP-HPLC. RESULTS Dalbavancin solutions with either 5.5 mM or 55 mM 2HPβCD were significantly more stable with Mg2+ than with the other divalent metal ions, both at 55°C for four weeks and at 40°C for six months. Dalbavancin was found to be more stable in aqueous solutions at a concentration of 1 mg/mL than at 20 mg/mL with 2HPβCD and Mg2+ at 40°C for six months. CONCLUSION The results suggest that 2HPβCD forms an inclusion complex with dalbavancin that slows the formation of the major degradant, mannosyl aglycone (MAG). The effect of 2HPβCD is increased in the presence of Mg2+ and phosphate at pH 7.0, and the complex is more stable at a dalbavancin concentration of 1 mg/mL than at 20 mg/mL. These observations point towards the possibility of formulating a dalbavancin injection solution with a long shelf life at room temperature and physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar M Jakaria
- Hikma Pharmaceuticals, Bedford, OH-44146, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA-02115, USA.
| | - David E Budil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA-02115, USA
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Naeem A, Yu C, Zang Z, Zhu W, Deng X, Guan Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of Rutin–Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Embedded in Xanthan Gum-Based (HPMC-g-AMPS) Hydrogels for Oral Controlled Drug Delivery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030552. [PMID: 36978800 PMCID: PMC10044933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidants play a significant role in causing oxidative stress in the body, which contributes to the development of diseases. Rutin—a powerful antioxidant—may be useful in the prevention and treatment of various diseases by scavenging oxidants and reducing oxidative stress. However, low solubility and oral bioavailability have restricted its use. Due to the hydrophobic nature of rutin, it cannot be easily loaded inside hydrogels. Therefore, first rutin inclusion complexes (RIC) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-βCD) were prepared to improve its solubility, followed by incorporation into xanthan gum-based (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-grafted-2-acrylamido -2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid) hydrogels for controlled drug release in order to improve the bioavailability. Rutin inclusion complexes and hydrogels were validated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and DSC. The highest swelling ratio and drug release occurred at pH 1.2 (28% swelling ratio and 70% drug release) versus pH 7.4 (22% swelling ratio, 65% drug release) after 48 h. Hydrogels showed high porosity (94%) and biodegradation (9% in 1 week in phosphate buffer saline). Moreover, in vitro antioxidative and antibacterial studies (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) confirmed the antioxidative and antibacterial potential of the developed hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Naeem
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (Y.G.)
| | - Chengqun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xuezhen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yongmei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (Y.G.)
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Preparation and Characterization of Clopidogrel Bisulfate-hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Mixed Inclusion Complex for Improved Intestinal Solubility and Anti-Thrombotic Efficacy. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:166-181. [PMID: 35872021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to increase the intestinal solubility and absorption of orally bioavailable clopidogrel-bisulfate (CPB) by complexing with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HCD) to form a binary inclusion complex that was stabilized by Tween 80 (T80) resulting into mixed inclusion complex. The results of phase solubility studies and molecular docking of CPB with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and HCD suggested higher solubility and binding energy of the stable CPB: HCD complex in the presence of T80 as compared to the CPB: β-CD complex. The D-Optimal mixture design was used to optimize the formulation containing the CPB: HCD: T80 mixed inclusion complex. The results suggest the enhanced stability of the CPB: HCD inclusion complex in the presence of T80. The spectral attributes confirmed the inclusion complexation and pointed out the central position of CPB in a hydrophilic cavity of HCD. Further, the prepared soft gelatin capsule successfully confirmed the importance of obliterating the intestinal precipitation associated problem of CPB through an in-vitro release study. The anticoagulant activity in rabbits confirmed that soft gelatin capsules showed 1.2 folds and 1.3 folds increase in clotting time, 1.2 fold and 1.5 folds increase in bleeding time when compared to marketed formulation and pure drug, respectively. Conclusively, soft gelatin capsules exhibit the potential to enhance the oral bioavailability of CPB, leading to reduction of the dose and dose-related side effects.
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Rutin Nanocrystals with Enhanced Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Preparation and Ex Vivo/In Vivo Evaluation in an Inflammatory Rat Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122727. [PMID: 36559220 PMCID: PMC9788119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin is a polyphenolic flavonoid with an interestingly wide therapeutic spectrum. However, its clinical benefits are limited by its poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. In an attempt to overcome these limitations, rutin nanocrystals were prepared using various stabilizers including nonionic surfactants and nonionic polymers. The nanocrystals were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, morphology, colloidal stability, rutin photostability, dissolution rate, and saturation solubility. The selected nanocrystal formulation was dispersed in a hydrogel base and the drug release kinetics and permeability through mouse skin were characterized. Rutin's anti-inflammatory efficacy was studied in a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. The nanocrystals had a size in the range of around 270-500 nm and a polydispersity index of around 0.3-0.5. Nanocrystals stabilized by hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) had the smallest particle size, highest drug entrapment efficiency, best colloidal stability, and highest drug photostability. Nanocrystals had around a 102- to 202-fold and 2.3- to 6.7-fold increase in the drug aqueous solubility and dissolution rate, respectively, depending on the type of stabilizer. HP-β-CD nanocrystals hydrogel had a significantly higher percent of drug released and permeated through the mouse skin compared with the free drug hydrogel. The cumulative drug amount permeated through the skin was 2.5-fold higher than that of the free drug hydrogel. In vivo studies showed that HP-β-CD-stabilized rutin nanocrystals hydrogel had significantly higher edema inhibition compared with the free drug hydrogel and commercial diclofenac sodium gel. These results highlight the potential of HP-β-CD-stabilized nanocrystals as a promising approach to enhance drug solubility, dissolution rate, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Lan Pham T, Usacheva T, Alister D, Thu Ha Nguyen T, Tukumova N, Kuranova N, Minh Vu X, My Hanh Le T, Tung Nguyen Q, Lam Tran D. Thermodynamic parameters and quantum chemical calculations of complex formation between rutin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in water-ethanol solvents. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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AbouSamra MM, Afifi SM, Galal AF, Kamel R. Rutin-loaded Phyto-Sterosomes as a potential approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: In-vitro and in-vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin for Delivery of Sinapic Acid via Inclusion Complex Prepared by Solvent Evaporation Method. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to increase the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of sinapic acid (SA) by formulating binary inclusion complex (BIC) of SA with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) using solvent evaporation (SE) technology. The phase solubility and dissolution studies were conducted to determine the solubility and in vitro release rate of SA. In addition, the prepared inclusion complex was characterized for solid state characterization using techniques such as DSC, PXRD, SEM, and FTIR. Moreover, the prepared SA-BIC was evaluated for its antioxidant activity. Results revealed that the SA solubility can be shown to improve with a change in HPβCD concentration. About 2.59 times higher solubility of SA in water was noticed in the presence of HPβCD (10 mM). Dissolution study demonstrated that the 34.11 ± 4.51% of SA was released from binary physical mixture (BPM), while the maximum release of 46.27 ± 2.79% of SA was observed for SA-BIC prepared by SE method. The prepared SA-BIC demonstrated distinctive properties when compared to pure SA, which was demonstrated by different analytical methods, such as DSC, PXRD, SEM, and FTIR, as evidence of SA inclusion into HPβCD cavity. Further, it was observed that SA-BIC displayed stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than SA. In conclusion, SE technology considerably enhanced the complexity of SA with HPβCD, and these observations could help to heighten the SA solubility, which may lead to a better bioavailability.
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Rajaram R, Angaiah S, Lee YR. Polymer supported electrospun nanofibers with supramolecular materials for biological applications – a review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2075871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajamohan Rajaram
- Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongson, Republic of Korea
| | - Subramania Angaiah
- Electro-Materials Research Laboratory, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongson, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Lee YC. Plant-Derived Nanoscale-Encapsulated Antioxidants for Oral and Topical Uses: A Brief Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073638. [PMID: 35409001 PMCID: PMC8998173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several plant-based nanoscale-encapsulated antioxidant compounds (rutin, myricetin, β-carotene, fisetin, lycopene, quercetin, genkwanin, lutein, resveratrol, eucalyptol, kaempferol, glabridin, pinene, and whole-plant bio-active compounds) are briefly introduced in this paper, along with their characteristics. Antioxidants’ bioavailability has become one of the main research topics in bio-nanomedicine. Two low patient compliance drug delivery pathways (namely, the oral and topical delivery routes), are described in detail in this paper, for nanoscale colloidal systems and gel formulations. Both routes and/or formulations seek to improve bioavailability and maximize the drug agents’ efficiency. Some well-known compounds have been robustly studied, but many remain elusive. The objective of this review is to discuss recent studies and advantages of nanoscale formulations of plant-derived antioxidant compounds.
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Studzińska-Sroka E, Galanty A, Gościniak A, Wieczorek M, Kłaput M, Dudek-Makuch M, Cielecka-Piontek J. Herbal Infusions as a Valuable Functional Food. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114051. [PMID: 34836310 PMCID: PMC8622958 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal infusions are an underestimated and easy to intake a source of biologically active natural compounds (polyphenols), which, in the dissolved form, are more easily absorbed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential of herbal infusions as a functional food to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase) and to reduce the effects of increased blood glucose level (antioxidant effect-DPPH, CUPRAC, and Fe2+ chelating assays, as well as anti-inflammatory activity-inhibition of collagenase). We showed that polyphenols are present in the examined aqueous herbal infusions (including chlorogenic and gallic acids). Subsequently, our research has shown that herbal infusions containing cinnamon bark, mulberry leaves, and blackberry fruits most strongly inhibit glucose release from complex carbohydrates, and that all herbal infusions can, to different degrees, reduce the effects of elevated blood sugar. In conclusion, infusions prepared from herbal blends could be recommended to prevent type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Studzińska-Sroka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.W.); (M.D.-M.); (J.C.-P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Gościniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.W.); (M.D.-M.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Mateusz Wieczorek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.W.); (M.D.-M.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Magdalena Kłaput
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna Str., 60-572 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Marlena Dudek-Makuch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.W.); (M.D.-M.); (J.C.-P.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.G.); (M.W.); (M.D.-M.); (J.C.-P.)
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Gieroba B, Kalisz G, Sroka-Bartnicka A, Płazińska A, Płaziński W, Starek M, Dąbrowska M. Molecular Structure of Cefuroxime Axetil Complexes with α-, β-, γ-, and 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrins: Molecular Simulations and Raman Spectroscopic and Imaging Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105238. [PMID: 34063471 PMCID: PMC8156438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of cefuroxime axetil+cyclodextrin (CA+CD) complexes increases the aqueous solubility of CA, improves its physico-chemical properties, and facilitates a biomembrane-mediated drug delivery process. In CD-based tablet formulations, it is crucial to investigate the molecular details of complexes in final pharmaceutical preparation. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and mapping were applied for the detection and identification of chemical groups involved in α-, β-, γ-, and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (2-HP- β-CD)+CA complexation process. The experimental studies have been complemented by molecular dynamics-based investigations, providing additional molecular details of CA+CD interactions. It has been demonstrated that CA forms the guest–host type inclusion complexes with all studied CDs; however, the nature of the interactions is slightly different. It seems that both α- and β-CD interact with furanyl and methoxy moieties of CA, γ-CD forms a more diverse pattern of interactions with CA, which are not observed in other CDs, whereas 2HP-β-CD binds CA with the contribution of hydrogen bonding. Apart from supporting this interpretation of the experimental data, molecular dynamics simulations allowed for ordering the CA+CD binding affinities. The obtained results proved that the molecular details of the host–guest complexation can be successfully predicted from the combination of Raman spectroscopy and molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gieroba
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (G.K.); (A.S.-B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (W.P.)
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (G.K.); (A.S.-B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (G.K.); (A.S.-B.); (A.P.)
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anita Płazińska
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (G.K.); (A.S.-B.); (A.P.)
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, ul. Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (W.P.)
| | - Małgorzata Starek
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Monika Dąbrowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (M.D.)
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15
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Silva EAP, Carvalho JS, Dos Santos DM, Oliveira AMS, de Souza Araújo AA, Serafini MR, Oliveira Santos LAB, Batista MVDA, Viana Santos MR, Siqueira Quintans JDS, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Barreto AS. Cardiovascular effects of farnesol and its β-cyclodextrin complex in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174060. [PMID: 33819466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene alcohol with a range of reported biological effects including cardioprotective, antioxidant and antiarrhythmic properties. However, due to its volatility, the use of drug incorporation systems, such as cyclodextrins, have been proposed to improve its pharmacological properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the cardiovascular effects of FAR alone, and to investigate the antihypertensive effects of FAR complexed with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) in rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before and after intravenous administration of FAR (0,5; 2,5; 5 and 7,5 mg/kg) in normotensive rats, and after oral acute administration (200 mg/kg) of FAR and FAR/βCD complex in NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) hypertensive rats. In normotensive animals, FAR induced dose-dependent hypotension associated with bradycardia. These effects were not affected by pre-treatment with L-NAME or indomethacin (INDO), but were partially attenuated by atropine. Pre-treatment with hexamethonium (HEXA) only affected hypotension. In the hypertensive rats, FAR/βCD potentialized the antihypertensive effect when compared to FAR alone. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated for the first time that FAR has affinity to bind to the M3 and M2 muscarinic, and nicotinic receptors through hydrogen bonds in the same residues as known ligands. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that FAR induced hypotension associated with bradycardia, possibly through the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. The inclusion complex with βCD improved the antihypertensive effects of FAR, which can be relevant to improve current cardiovascular therapy using volatile natural components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Aian P Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Danillo M Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria S Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriano A de Souza Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Mairim R Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus V de A Batista
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Márcio R Viana Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Jullyana de S Siqueira Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Biotechnology Graduate Program - Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovão, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André S Barreto
- Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
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16
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Dutta Choudhury S, Pal H. Supramolecular and suprabiomolecular photochemistry: a perspective overview. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 22:23433-23463. [PMID: 33112299 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03981k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective review article, we have attempted to bring out the important current trends of research in the areas of supramolecular and suprabiomolecular photochemistry. Since the spans of the subject areas are very vast, it is impossible to cover all the aspects within the limited space of this review article. Nevertheless, efforts have been made to assimilate the basic understanding of how supramolecular interactions can significantly change the photophysical and other related physiochemical properties of chromophoric dyes and drugs, which have enormous academic and practical implications. We have discussed with reference to relevant chemical systems where supramolecularly assisted modulations in the properties of chromophoric dyes and drugs can be used or have already been used in different areas like sensing, dye/drug stabilization, drug delivery, functional materials, and aqueous dye laser systems. In supramolecular assemblies, along with their conventional photophysical properties, the acid-base properties of prototropic dyes, as well as the excited state prototautomerization and related proton transfer behavior of proton donor/acceptor dye molecules, are also largely modulated due to supramolecular interactions, which are often reflected very explicitly through changes in their absorption and fluorescence characteristics, providing us many useful insights into these chemical systems and bringing out intriguing applications of such changes in different applied areas. Another interesting research area in supramolecular photochemistry is the excitation energy transfer from the donor to acceptor moieties in self-assembled systems which have immense importance in light harvesting applications, mimicking natural photosynthetic systems. In this review article, we have discussed varieties of these aspects, highlighting their academic and applied implications. We have tried to emphasize the progress made so far and thus to bring out future research perspectives in the subject areas concerned, which are anticipated to find many useful applications in areas like sensors, catalysis, electronic devices, pharmaceuticals, drug formulations, nanomedicine, light harvesting, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Trombay, Mumbai-400094, India
| | - Haridas Pal
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Trombay, Mumbai-400094, India and Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.
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Franco P, De Marco I. Formation of Rutin-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes by Supercritical Antisolvent Precipitation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020246. [PMID: 33450873 PMCID: PMC7828341 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, rutin (RUT)–β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes are prepared by Supercritical AntiSolvent (SAS) precipitation. Well-defined composite microparticles are obtained at guest:host ratios equal to 1:2 and 1:1 mol:mol. The dimensions of composite particles range between 1.45 ± 0.88 µm and 7.94 ± 2.12 µm. The formation of RUT–β-CD inclusion complexes has been proved by different analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The dissolution tests reveal a significant improvement in the release rate of RUT from inclusion complexes. Indeed, compared to the unprocessed RUT, the dissolution rate is about 3.9 and 2.4 times faster in the case of the complexes RUT–β-CD 1:2 and 1:1 mol:mol, respectively. From a pharmaceutical/nutraceutical point of view, CD-based inclusion complexes allow the reduction of the polymer amount in the SAS composite formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Franco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Iolanda De Marco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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18
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Physico-Chemical and Pharmaco-Technical Characterization of Inclusion Complexes Formed by Rutoside with β-Cyclodextrin and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Used to Develop Solid Dosage Forms. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to obtain rutoside (RUT) inclusion complexes in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), in a 1:1 molar ratio, using the lyophilization method of complexation in solution. The complexes were confirmed and characterized, in comparison with the raw materials and their simple physical mixtures, by SEM, DSC, and FT-IR analyses. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was assessed by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS) radicals, determining the radical scavenging activity, and by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results revealed superior antioxidant ability for the inclusion complexes towards rutoside alone. The inclusion complexes were used as active ingredients in formulations of immediate-release tablets. The preformulation studies were performed on the powders for direct compression obtained after mixing the active ingredients with the excipients (Avicel PH 102, Polyplasdone XL-10, magnesium stearate, and talc). The materials were assessed for particle size, flowability, compressibility, and moisture content, establishing they are suitable for a direct compression process. The tablets were characterized regarding their pharmaco-technical properties and the results proved that the formulations lead to high-quality delivery systems, showing a good mechanical resistance with a low friability, excellent disintegration times, and satisfying dissolution rate. The performances were very similar for both formulations and the physico-mechanical properties of the tablets are not influenced by type of the used cyclodextrin, but the RUT- HP-β-CD tablets presented a higher dissolution rate.
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19
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Effect of cyclodextrin types and reagents solvation on the stability of complexes between B-cyclodextrins and rutin in water-ethanol solvents. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Enhancement of α-Mangostin Wound Healing Ability by Complexation with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin in Hydrogel Formulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100290. [PMID: 33023196 PMCID: PMC7600479 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (α-M), one of the active compounds in Garcinia mangostana peel, has been effectively used in wound healing. However, its poor solubility in aqueous solution causes low bioavailability for skin ulcers, hindering its application in wound healing. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of α-M through complex formation with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (α-M/HP-β-CD CX) and to evaluate the healing activity of the complex. The α-M/HP-β-CD CX was incorporated in a sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel (α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG), and the in vivo healing activity was examined in mice. Evaluation of α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG, including organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, swelling ratio, consistency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in vitro drug release, was carried out. The complex formation of α-M/HP-β-CD CX was confirmed by FTIR and PXRD analysis. The solubility of the α-M/HP-β-CD CX in water linearly increased about 11.7-fold compared to α-M alone, and by 3.5-fold compared to the α-M/HP-β-CD physical mixture (α-M/HP-β-CD CX PM). The α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG was homogenous, the pH was found to be in the neutral range, the spread area was 5 cm, and the consistency was stable until 14 days. SEM analysis showed that α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG surged due to the porous structure of the HG. In addition, in vitro release of α-M from α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG was considerably increased compared to α-M/HP-β-CD PM HG and α-M HG. Notably, in vivo evaluation in mice showed that α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG significantly accelerated the wound healing ability compared to other HGs. Thus, α-M/HP-β-CD CX HG has potential as a new formulation of α-M for wound healing therapy.
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21
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Nouri Z, Fakhri S, Nouri K, Wallace CE, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Targeting Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cancer: The Rutin Therapeutic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2276. [PMID: 32823876 PMCID: PMC7463935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple dysregulated signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. The conventional therapies used in cancer prevention/treatment suffer from low efficacy, considerable toxicity, and high cost. Hence, the discovery and development of novel multi-targeted agents to attenuate the dysregulated signaling in cancer is of great importance. In recent decades, phytochemicals from dietary and medicinal plants have been successfully introduced as alternative anticancer agents due to their ability to modulate numerous oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling pathways. Rutin (also known as rutoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin) is an active plant-derived flavonoid that is widely distributed in various vegetables, fruits, and medicinal plants, including asparagus, buckwheat, apricots, apples, cherries, grapes, grapefruit, plums, oranges, and tea. Rutin has been shown to target various inflammatory, apoptotic, autophagic, and angiogenic signaling mediators, including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins, light chain 3/Beclin, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein, caspases, and vascular endothelial growth factor. A comprehensive and critical analysis of the anticancer potential of rutin and associated molecular targets amongst various cancer types has not been performed previously. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to present an up-to-date and critical evaluation of multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the anticancer effects of rutin are known to be exerted. The current challenges and limitations as well as future directions of research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Carly E. Wallace
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
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22
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Ekaette I, Saldaña MD. Barley starch behavior in the presence of rutin under subcritical water conditions. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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23
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Oliveira MA, Heimfarth L, Passos FRS, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Mingori MR, Moreira JCF, Lauton SS, Barreto RSS, Araújo AAS, Oliveira AP, Oliveira JT, Baptista AF, Martinez AMB, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Naringenin complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin improves the sciatic nerve regeneration through inhibition of p75 NTR and JNK pathway. Life Sci 2020; 241:117102. [PMID: 31790691 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common conditions that often lead to dysfunctions. Although much knowledge exists on the several factors that mediate the complex biological process involved in peripheral nerve regeneration, there is a lack of effective treatments that ensure full functional recovery. Naringenin (NA) is the most abundant flavanone found in citrus fruits and it has promising neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration using an inclusion complex containing NA and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), named NA/HPβCD. A mouse sciatic nerve crush model was used to evaluate the effects of NA/HPβCD on nerve regeneration. Sensory and motor parameters, hyperalgesic behavior and the sciatic functional index (SFI), respectively, improved with NA treatment. Western blot analysis revealed that the levels of p75NTR ICD and p75NTR full length as well phospho-JNK/total JNK ratios were preserved by NA treatment. In addition, NA treatment was able to decrease levels of caspase 3. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased in the lumbar spine, on the other hand there was an increase in IL-10. NA/HPβCD presented a better overall morphological profile but it was not able to increase the number of myelinated fibers. Thus, NA was able to enhance nerve regeneration, and NA/HPβCD decreased effective drug doses while maintaining the effect of the pure drug, demonstrating the advantage of using the complex over the pure compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlange A Oliveira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Rodrigo Miguel-Dos-Santos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Moara R Mingori
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio F Moreira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra S Lauton
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil
| | - Adriano A S Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Aldeidia P Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Júlia T Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Medical School - HUCFF - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria B Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Medical School - HUCFF - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil.
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe; Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, 49100-000 lBrazil.
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Pedrozo RC, Antônio E, Khalil NM, Mainardes RM. Bovine serum albumin-based nanoparticles containing the flavonoid rutin produced by nano spray drying. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000317692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Budzynska B, Faggio C, Kruk-Slomka M, Samec D, Nabavi SF, Sureda A, Devi KP, Nabavi SM. Rutin as Neuroprotective Agent: From Bench to Bedside. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5152-5164. [PMID: 28971760 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171003114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are major dietary constituents of plant-based food found ubiquitously in plant kingdom where they are usually present in substantial amounts. Rutin is a flavonol-type polyphenol which consists of the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Rutin has been reported to exert diverse biological effects such as antitumor and antimicrobial mainly associated to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Mental, neurological, and behavioural disorders are an important and growing cause of morbidity. Most of these disorders combine a high prevalence, early onset, progressive clinical course, and impairment of critical brain functions making them a major contributor to the global disease burden. In the present work, the biological in vitro and in vivo effects and the potential therapeutic applications of rutin in neurodegenerative processes are reviewed, as well as their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, which are essential for a better understanding of its biological effectiveness. Moreover, the present review also provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms through which rutin is proposed to exert its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Budzynska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 98166, S.Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Kruk-Slomka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a Street, 20- 093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dunja Samec
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute Ruder Boskovic, Bijenicka c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), University of Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.,CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cao R, Ma Q, Fu Y, Zhou Z, Zhao X. Preparation, Evaluation and Characterization of Rutin-Chitooligosaccharide Complex. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:328-333. [PMID: 31172349 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rutin possesses a wide range of application prospects with various bioactivities. However, its bitter and water-insoluble properties restrict its application in the field of functional foods. A new complex of rutin and chitooligosaccharide (Rutin-COS) was prepared via spray-drying method (100 °C, 1 L/h) and freeze-drying method (-80 °C, 24 h), respectively. The water solubility, bitterness, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Rutin-COS were evaluated, and the complexation of Rutin-COS was characterized by SEM, 1H-NMR and ROESY. Compared to freeze-drying method, spray-drying method was more effective for preparing stable Rutin-COS complex. The spray-dried Rutin-COS showed increased water solubility, weakened bitterness, enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to rutin. The Rutin-COS complex was demonstrated to be formed through hydrogen bonds between the A, B rings of rutin and COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruge Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Qiuchen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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27
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The impact of Tartary buckwheat extract on the nutritional property of starch in a whole grain context. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vu HTH, Streck S, Hook SM, McDowell A. Utilization of Microfluidics for the Preparation of Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Antioxidant Rutin: A Comparison with Bulk Production. Pharm Nanotechnol 2019; 7:469-483. [PMID: 31648653 DOI: 10.2174/2211738507666191019141049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of rutin-loaded PLGA (poly(lactic-coglycolic acid)) nanoparticles prepared using a single emulsion evaporation method (bulk method) and a nanoprecipitation method using microfluidics. METHODS Rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were produced using different methods and characterized for size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL). A design of experiments approach was used to identify the effect of method parameters to optimize the formulation. DSC was used to investigate the solid-state characteristics of rutin and PLGA and identify any interactions in the rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. The release of rutin from PLGA nanoparticles was examined in biorelevant media and phosphate buffer (PBS). RESULTS The optimal formulation of rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles produced using a microfluidics method resulted in a higher entrapment efficiency of 34 ± 2% and a smaller size of 123 ± 4 nm compared to a bulk method (EE 27 ± 1%, size 179 ± 13 nm). The solidstate of rutin and PLGA changed from crystalline to amorphous with the preparation of rutin- loaded PLGA nanoparticles. More importantly, using microfluidics, rutin released faster from rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in biorelevant media and PBS with higher burst release compared to the rutin release from the nanoparticles prepared by using the bulk method. CONCLUSION Rutin can be encapsulated in nanoparticles formulated with different methods with mean sizes of less than 200 nm. Microfluidics produced more uniform rutin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with a higher EE, DL and faster release compared to a bulk production method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanh T H Vu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Streck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Arlene McDowell
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Vu HT, Hook SM, Siqueira SD, Müllertz A, Rades T, McDowell A. Are phytosomes a superior nanodelivery system for the antioxidant rutin? Int J Pharm 2018; 548:82-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Gul A, Kunwar B, Mazhar M, Faizi S, Ahmed D, Shah MR, Simjee SU. Rutin and rutin-conjugated gold nanoparticles ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in rats through inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:310-317. [PMID: 29679855 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have suggested that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are important mediators of inflammatory response in human and animal models of arthritis. Besides, oxidative stress markers, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxide (PO) are also major contributors in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Over expression of these inflammatory mediators leads to the extracellular matrix degradation, and excessive cartilage and bone resorption, ultimately leading to the irreversible damage to joints. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-arthritic mechanism of bioflavonoids, rutin and rutin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (R-AuNPs) by determining their role in the modulation of NF-κB and iNOS expression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of rats. Arthritis was induced by the subcutaneous administration of bovine type II collagen. Treatment was started with rutin, indomethacin + rutin (I + R) and R-AuNPs on the day of CIA induction. The severity of arthritis was determined by measuring the arthritic score on alternate days until mean arthritic score of 4 was observed. The NO and PO levels were also analyzed in serum samples. NF-κB and iNOS expression levels were determined in spleen tissue samples by real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Marked reduction in the arthritic score as well as in the NO and PO levels was observed in the treated groups. A significant downregulation in the NF-κB and iNOS expression levels was also observed in the treatment groups compared to the arthritic control group. Collectively, the findings suggest potential clinical role of rutin and R-AuNPs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Gul
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bimal Kunwar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mazhar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Faizi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Dania Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shabana U Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Promzeleva M, Volkova T, Proshin A, Siluykov O, Mazur A, Tolstoy P, Ivanov S, Kamilov F, Terekhova I. Improved Biopharmaceutical Properties of Oral Formulations of 1,2,4-Thiadiazole Derivative with Cyclodextrins: in Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:491-501. [PMID: 33418739 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivative displaying biological activity has low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Novel oral formulations of thiadiazole with β- and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins were obtained by grinding and freeze-drying methods with the purpose to improve the aqueous solubility. Complex formation of 1,2,4-thiadiazole derivative with cyclodextrins was confirmed by means of solid-state 13C MAS CP/TOSS NMR. Solubility, dissolution rate and permeability of the solid inclusion complexes were evaluated in different biorelevant media (SGF, FaSSGF, FaSSIF) simulating the conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. It was demonstrated that the content of biorelevant media affects the properties of the inclusion complexes. In particular, solubilizing effect of cyclodextrins became less pronounced when the micelles of taurocholic acid and lecithin are formed in the dissolution media. The inclusion of thiadiazole into cyclodextrin cavity is in competition with its partitioning into the micelles and this should be taken into account when the in vivo behavior is predicted. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments were found to be in agreement and showed the highest solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of the freeze-dried complexes of thiadiazole with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. These complexes can be proposed as more effective dosage forms for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Promzeleva
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Tatyana Volkova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
| | - Alexey Proshin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Oleg Siluykov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia.,St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anton Mazur
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Peter Tolstoy
- St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey Ivanov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Felix Kamilov
- Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450076, Russia
| | - Irina Terekhova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo 153045, Russia
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Mouhid L, Corzo-Martínez M, Torres C, Vázquez L, Reglero G, Fornari T, Ramírez de Molina A. Improving In Vivo Efficacy of Bioactive Molecules: An Overview of Potentially Antitumor Phytochemicals and Currently Available Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2017; 2017:7351976. [PMID: 28555156 PMCID: PMC5438845 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7351976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment exhibit cell toxicity and display teratogenic effect on nontumor cells. Therefore, the search for alternative compounds which are effective against tumor cells but reduce toxicity against nontumor ones is of great importance in the progress or development of cancer treatments. In this sense, scientific knowledge about relevant aspects of nutrition intimately involved in the development and progression of cancer progresses rapidly. Phytochemicals, considered as bioactive ingredients present in plant products, have shown promising effects as potential therapeutic/preventive agents on cancer in several in vitro and in vivo assays. However, despite their bioactive properties, phytochemicals are still not commonly used in clinical practice due to several reasons, mainly attributed to their poor bioavailability. In this sense, new formulation strategies are proposed as carriers to improve their bioefficacy, highlighting the use of lipid-based delivery systems. Here, we review the potential antitumoral activity of the bioactive compounds derived from plants and the current studies carried out in animal and human models. Furthermore, their association with lipids as a formulation strategy to enhance their efficacy in vivo is also reported. The development of high effective bioactive supplements for cancer treatment based on the improvement of their bioavailability goes through this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Mouhid
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corzo-Martínez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Torres
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tiziana Fornari
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Raza A, Sun H, Bano S, Zhao Y, Xu X, Tang J. Preparation, characterization, and in vitro anti-inflammatory evaluation of novel water soluble kamebakaurin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Lee IW, Li J, Chen X, Park HJ. Fabrication of electrospun antioxidant nanofibers by rutin-pluronic solid dispersions for enhanced solubility. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Il Woo Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; 5-Ka, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jinglei Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science; Ocean University of China; Qingdao Shandong 266003 People's Republic of China
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; Korea University; 5-Ka, Anam-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
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Sharma S, Narang JK, Ali J, Baboota S. Synergistic antioxidant action of vitamin E and rutin SNEDDS in ameliorating oxidative stress in a Parkinson's disease model. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:375101. [PMID: 27491690 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/37/375101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress is the leading cause in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Rutin is a naturally occurring strong antioxidant molecule with wide therapeutic applications. It suffers from the problem of low oral bioavailability which is due to its poor aqueous solubility. METHODS In order to increase the solubility self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of rutin were prepared. The oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were selected based on solubility/miscibility studies. Optimization was done by a three-factor, four-level (34) Box-Behnken design. The independent factors were oil, surfactant and co-surfactant concentration and the dependent variables were globule size, self-emulsification time, % transmittance and cumulative percentage of drug release. The optimized SNEDDS formulation (RSE6) was evaluated for various release studies. Antioxidant activity was assessed by various in vitro tests such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assay. Oxidative stress models which had Parkinson's-type symptoms were used to determine the antioxidant potential of rutin SNEDDS in vivo. Permeation was assessed through confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS An optimized SNEDDS formulation consisting of Sefsol + vitamin E-Solutol HS 15-Transcutol P at proportions of 25:35:17.5 (w/w) was prepared and characterized. The globule size and polydispersity index of the optimized formulation was found to be 16.08 ± 0.02 nm and 0.124 ± 0.01, respectively. A significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of drug release was achieved in the case of the optimized formulation as compared to rutin suspension. Pharmacokinetic study showed a 2.3-fold increase in relative oral bioavailability. The optimized formulation had significant in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION Rutin SNEDDS have been successfully prepared and they can serve as an effective tool in enhancing the oral bioavailability and efficacy of rutin, thus helping in ameliorating oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrestha Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Nash LA, Peters SJ, Sullivan PJ, Ward WE. Supraphysiological Levels of Quercetin Glycosides are Required to Alter Mineralization in Saos2 Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E460. [PMID: 27136576 PMCID: PMC4881085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid intake is positively correlated to bone mineral density (BMD) in women. Flavonoids such as quercetin exhibit strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity that may be beneficial for bone health. Quercetin, previously shown to positively influence osteoblasts, is metabolized into glycosides including rutin and hyperoside. We compared the effects of these glycosides on mineralization in human osteoblast (Saos2) cells. Administration of rutin (≥25 µM) and hyperoside (≥5 µM) resulted in higher mineral content, determined using the alizarin red assay. This was accompanied by higher alkaline phosphatase activity with no cell toxicity. The expression of osteopontin, sclerostin, TNFα and IL6, known stimuli for decreasing osteoblast activity, were reduced with the addition of rutin or hyperoside. In summary, rutin and hyperoside require supraphysiological levels, when administered individually, to positively influence osteoblast activity. This information may be useful in developing nutraceuticals to support bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Nash
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Philip J Sullivan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Wendy E Ward
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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38
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Zhao Y, Sun C, Shi F, Firempong CK, Yu J, Xu X, Zhang W. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics study of capsaicin via hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin encapsulation. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:130-138. [PMID: 25853954 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1021816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Capsaicin (CAP) is an effective drug in the treatment of pain and cancer. However, its practical administration has been limited due to poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability, as well as strong gastrointestinal irritation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of CAP by reducing irritation via hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) inclusion complex formulation, in vitro and in vivo analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The complex (CAP-HP-β-CD) was developed via the magnetic stirring method and characterized using ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrometry, infrared radiation (IR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rats were treated with CAP (90 mg × kg(-1)) or CAP-HP-β-CD (corresponding to 90 mg × kg(-1) CAP) by gavage, and all the plasma samples were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The results of UV, IR, and DSC showed that an acceptable CAP-HP-β-CD (encapsulation efficiency, 75.83%; drug loading, 7.44%) was formulated. In vitro release study of CAP-HP-β-CD revealed that the cumulative release of CAP from HP-β-CD encapsulation was obviously enhanced (above 80% increases). Similarly, the in vivo pharmacokinetics parameters also increased, Cmax (from 737.94 to 1117.57 ng × mL(-1)), AUC0- (from 5285.9 to 7409.8 ng × h × mL(-1)) or relative bioavailability (139.38%). The gastric irritation bioassay further showed that the CAP-HP-β-CD was far better than free CAP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION CAP exhibited significant aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, as well as minimal irritation effect after forming inclusion complex with HP-β-CD. Therefore, these findings could provide an equally important alternative option for the clinical use of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhao
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China and
| | - Chaonan Sun
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China and
| | - Feng Shi
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China and
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China and
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China and
| | - Ximing Xu
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , China and
| | - Weiming Zhang
- b Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants , Nanjing , China
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Yang R, Zhou Z, Sun G, Gao Y, Xu J, Strappe P, Blanchard C, Cheng Y, Ding X. Synthesis of homogeneous protein-stabilized rutin nanodispersions by reversible assembly of soybean (Glycine max) seed ferritin. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03542b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the soybean seed ferritin stabilized rutin nanodispersions with improved water-solubility, thermal stability, and UV radiation stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Guoyu Sun
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Yunjing Gao
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- Charles Sturt University
- Wagga Wagga
- Australia
- ARC Functional Grains Centre
| | - Chris Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences
- Charles Sturt University
- Wagga Wagga
- Australia
- ARC Functional Grains Centre
| | - Yao Cheng
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
| | - Xiaodong Ding
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety
- Ministry of Education
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology
- Tianjin 300457
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Inoue Y, Sekiya N, Yamamoto M, Iohara D, Hirayama F, Uekama K. Formation of the Ternary Inclusion Complex of Limaprost with α- and β-Cyclodextrins in Aqueous Solution. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:318-25. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Inoue
- CMC Regulatory and Analytical R&D, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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41
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Design, synthesis and biological activity of a novel Rutin analogue with improved lipid soluble properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Sayed M, Pal H. pH-Assisted control over the binding and relocation of an acridine guest between a macrocyclic nanocarrier and natural DNA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9519-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Controlled binding and relocation of a dye–drug between a macrocyclic nanocarrier and natural DNA is demonstrated using pH as a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhejabeen Sayed
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
| | - Haridas Pal
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai 400 085
- India
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Abstract
CONTEXT Ever since the discovery of cyclodextrins, a family of cyclic oligosaccharides based on α (1 → 4) linkage among glucopyranose subunits, these versatile supramolecular hosts have received tremendous attention for scientific explorations. Due to their property of forming host-guest type inclusion complex, cyclodextrins and their synthetic derivatives exhibit wide range of utilities in different areas viz. pharmaceuticals, drug delivery systems, cosmetics, food and nutrition, textile and chemical industry etc. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to highlight properties, advantages, recent studies and versatile benefits of cyclodextrins and to re-strengthen their prospective applications in novel directions for future research. METHODS This article summarizes a variety of applications of cyclodextrins in various industrial products, technologies, analytical and chemical processes and recent industrial advancements by extensively literature search on various scientific databases, Google and websites of various associated pharmaceutical industries and patenting authorities across the world. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Due to possibility of multidimensional changes in physical and chemical properties of molecules upon inclusion complexation in cyclodextrins, these compounds are of great commercial interest and may offer solution to many of the scientific problems of the current world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- a Department of Quality Assurance , I.S.F. College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- a Department of Quality Assurance , I.S.F. College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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Yao Y, Xie Y, Hong C, Li G, Shen H, Ji G. Development of a myricetin/hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: preparation, characterization, and evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 110:329-37. [PMID: 24906763 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin shows low oral bioavailability (<10%) in rats due to poor aqueous solubility, though it has various pharmacological activities. Complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) is a potent pharmaceutical method to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. The myricetin/HP-β-CD inclusion complex was prepared and confirmed by DSC, PXRD, and SEM. Here, the inclusion mode is described in detail with regard to structural and energetic aspects using a phase solubility diagram and 1H NMR, NOESY, and FT-IR spectra. The water solubility and dissolution rate of myricetin were greatly enhanced by forming the myricetin/HP-β-CD inclusion complex. Consequently, the oral bioavailability of the myricetin/HP-β-CD inclusion complex in rats was effectively increased 9.4-fold over free myricetin, and its antioxidant activity was also improved. The present study provides useful information for the potential application of complexation with myricetin, a naturally occurring hydrophobic phenolic compound in herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Yao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao Hong
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongyi Shen
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Characterization of silk fibroin based films loaded with rutin–β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-014-0396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Khan AW, Kotta S, Ansari SH, Sharma RK, Ali J. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of the poorly water-soluble grapefruit flavonoid Naringenin: design, characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:552-61. [PMID: 24512268 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.878003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin (NRG), predominant flavanone in grapefruits, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, hepato-protective and anti-lipid peroxidation effects. Slow dissolution after oral ingestion due to its poor solubility in water, as well as low bioavailability following oral administration, restricts its therapeutic application. The study is an attempt to improve the solubility and bioavailability of NRG by employing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery technique. Preliminary screening was carried out to select oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, based on solubilization and emulsification efficiency of the components. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the area of nanoemulsification. The developed self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were evaluated in term of goluble size, globule size distribution, zeta potential, and surface morphology of nanoemulsions so obtained. The TEM analysis proves that nanoemulsion shows a droplet size less than 50 nm. Freeze thaw cycling and centrifugation studies were carried out to confirm the stability of the developed SNEDDS. In vitro drug release from SNEDDS was significantly higher (p < 0.005) than pure drug. Furthermore, area under the drug concentration time-curve (AUC(0-24)) of NRG from SNEDDS formulation revealed a significant increase (p < 0.005) in NRG absorption compared to NRG alone. The increase in drug release and bioavailability as compared to drug suspension from SNEDDS formulation may be attributed to the nanosized droplets and enhanced solubility of NRG in the SNEDDS.
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Mohd AB, Sanka K, Bandi S, Diwan PV, Shastri N. Solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for oral delivery of glimepiride: development and antidiabetic activity in albino rabbits. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:499-508. [PMID: 24471856 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.879753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT This study presents novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system potential of oral delivering which leads poorly aqueous soluble drug glimepiride. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to prepare solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (S-SNEDDS) for the improved oral delivery of glimepiride and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy in albino rabbits. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The droplet size analyses revealed a droplet size of less than 200 nm. The solid state characterization of S-SNEDDS by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed the absence of crystalline glimepiride in the S-SNEDDS. The in vitro dissolution studies revealed that the significant improvement in glimepiride release characteristics. The effect of S-SNEDDS on therapeutic efficacy of glimepride was assessed in albino rabbits by monitoring blood glucose levels and compared with free drug suspension, L-SNEDDS. The S-SNEDDS showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in in vitro drug release and therapeutic efficacy as compared with free drug. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that S-SNEDDS is a promising novel drug delivery system of glimepride to enhance oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Bari Mohd
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag Group of Institutions , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh , India and
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48
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Bilia AR, Isacchi B, Righeschi C, Guccione C, Bergonzi MC. Flavonoids Loaded in Nanocarriers: An Opportunity to Increase Oral Bioavailability and Bioefficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.513132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Chakraborty S, Basu S, Basak S. Effect of β-cyclodextrin on the molecular properties of myricetin upon nano-encapsulation: Insight from optical spectroscopy and quantum chemical studies. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 99:116-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Kamel R, Basha M. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of rutin nanostructured liquisolid delivery system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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