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Abstract
Mitochondria are the power stations of the eukaryotic cell, using the energy released by the oxidation of glucose and other sugars to produce ATP. Electrons are transferred from NADH, produced in the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix, to oxygen by a series of large protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which create a transmembrane electrochemical gradient by pumping protons across the membrane. The flow of protons back into the matrix via a proton channel in the ATP synthase leads to conformational changes in the nucleotide binding pockets and the formation of ATP. The three proton pumping complexes of the electron transfer chain are NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase or complex I, ubiquinone-cytochrome c oxidoreductase or complex III, and cytochrome c oxidase or complex IV. Succinate dehydrogenase or complex II does not pump protons, but contributes reduced ubiquinone. The structures of complex II, III and IV were determined by x-ray crystallography several decades ago, but complex I and ATP synthase have only recently started to reveal their secrets by advances in x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. The complexes I, III and IV occur to a certain extent as supercomplexes in the membrane, the so-called respirasomes. Several hypotheses exist about their function. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures show the architecture of the respirasome with near-atomic detail. ATP synthase occurs as dimers in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which by their curvature are responsible for the folding of the membrane into cristae and thus for the huge increase in available surface that makes mitochondria the efficient energy plants of the eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Sousa
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Edoardo D'Imprima
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Vonck
- Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Fernández-Morán H. NEW APPROACHES IN CORRELATIVE STUDIES OF BIOLOGICAL ULTRASTRUCTURE BY HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1964.tb00528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Parsons DF. Mitochondrial Structure: Two Types of Subunits on Negatively Stained Mitochondrial Membranes. Science 2010; 140:985-7. [PMID: 17836486 DOI: 10.1126/science.140.3570.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Projecting subunits were seen on the cristae of all 11 types of mitochondria examined by electron microscopy. These consisted of a stem, 30 to 35 A wide and 45 to 50 A long, and a round head 75 to 80 A in diameter. The outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria showed regular arrays of hollow cylindrical subunits 60 A by 60 A.
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BURTON PAULR. Fine Structure of Mitochondria ofSpirostomum ambiguumas Seen in Sectioned and Negatively-Stained Preparations*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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ZWILLENBERG LO. FILAMENT-CARRYING TUBULES DEMONSTRATED BY NEGATIVE STAINING IN VARIOUS MAMMALIAN CELL TYPES. Cell Tissue Res 1996; 66:415-26. [PMID: 14312253 DOI: 10.1007/bf00334723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mikami K, Sato S, Nakazawa N, Asano G, Watanabe T. Ethanol-elicited structural and biochemical alterations in mitochondrial ATPase in cultured myocardial cells. VIRCHOWS ARCHIV. B, CELL PATHOLOGY INCLUDING MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY 1993; 63:365-71. [PMID: 8100660 DOI: 10.1007/bf02899285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ethanol (12.5-500 mM for up to 24 h) on mitochondrial structure including that of ATPase particles in cultured ventricular myocardial cells were studied using negative-stain electron microscopy. The activity of mitochondrial ATPase after ethanol treatment was also examined cytochemically and biochemically. At 5 min after the addition of all the concentrations of ethanol examined, some mitochondrial cristae were expanded and the arrangement of mitochondrial ATPase particles on these cristae was disordered. At and after 30 min the cristae decreased in number and some were expanded, vesiculated or fragmented. ATPase particles also decreased in number, particularly after the application of ethanol in concentrations of more than 50 mM. All the mitochondria had broadened and translucent cristae, and lacked ATPase particles with 200 and 500 mM ethanol at 24 h, although with 12.5 and 50 mM ethanol some mitochondria had similar negatively stained images but others had ATPase particles on broadened cristae. The enzymatic activity of the mitochondrial ATPase was unchanged with 200 and 500 mM ethanol at 24 h, compared with controls. The cytochemical technique also detected enzyme activity with all the concentrations of ethanol examined at 24 h. The discrepancy between the structural and biochemical alterations in mitochondrial ATPase induced by ethanol is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mikami
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Parsons DF. Electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and element analysis of wet biological specimens. CELL BIOPHYSICS 1988; 13:159-71. [PMID: 2465825 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Temperature controlled differentially pumped environmental chambers now allow more routine examination of wet specimens in the electron microscope. A sensitive test of their efficiency is the ability to provide high resolution electron diffraction patterns from wet, unfixed protein microcrystals. Fortunately, wet specimens can be prepared with only a few tens of nanometers thickness of remaining water, so extraneous electron scattering by liquid water can be kept to a minimum. It still remains to be determined whether microprobe analysis (X-ray or electron energy-loss spectroscopy) using wet specimens gives better element localization in cells than the current freezing methods. More extensive comparisons are also required of the ultrastructural preservation and visibility of macromolecules immersed in a thin layer of water vs immersion in a thin layer of amorphous ice. However, the recent introduction of commercial forms of the necessary equipment now make these comparisons more feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Parsons
- NIH High Voltage Electron Microscopy Biotechnology Resource, Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201
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Schneider M, Wiese S, Kunkel B, Hauk H, Pfeiffer B. Development and regression of right heart ventricular hypertrophy: biochemical and morphological aspects. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KARDIOLOGIE 1988; 76 Suppl 3:1-8. [PMID: 2963447 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-85369-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were exposed, in a hypobaric chamber, to a simulated altitude of 6000 m for up to four weeks. The animals quickly developed pulmonary hypertension with an important media hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteries, followed by severe right heart hypertrophy (cor pulmonale). Right heart hypertrophy is evident in three morphologically and biochemically definable stages. In stage 1 (1st-2nd week) a manifest thickening of heart muscle cells develops due to increased protein synthesis. In stage 2 (2nd-3rd week) one can find, in the regular biochemical composition of heart muscle, an activation of mitochondrial ATPase, a multiplication of mitochondria, a proliferation of interstitial cells and an increase in interstitial volume. In stage 3 (3rd-4th week) the hypertrophied myocardium exhibits signs of biochemical and morphological decompensation. Besides a loss of myofibrils and a reduction in mitochondrial ATPase, DNA and protein concentrations sink to subnormal values. Only myocardium from stage 1 of hypertrophy shows complete reversibility after cessation of hypobaric conditions, but not so in stage 3. Parallel with the developing cor pulmonale, the animals also react with a small hypertrophy of the left heart ventricle. This concomitant growth persists under normobaric conditions, too. These investigations document that growth of myocardium under extreme conditions shows a phasic development. Severe forms of myocardial hypertrophy do not always seem to be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schneider
- Senckenbergisches Zentrum der Pathologie, Universitätsklinik Frankfurt/M, F.R.G
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Tsuchie H, Katsumoto T, Hattori N, Kawatani T, Kurimura T, Hinuma Y. Budding process and fine structure of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). Microbiol Immunol 1986; 30:545-52. [PMID: 3018458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1986.tb02980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The budding process and fine structure of lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), were studied by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and electron microscopy (EM). By IF, LAV antigen was seen to be distributed focally within infected CCRF-CEM cells. Consistent with this finding, electron micrographs showed that LAV particles occurred in a focally aggregated state in a restricted area of the surface of the infected cells. LAV particles possessed bar-shaped, dense and central or eccentric cores. In addition, two or more cores were occasionally observed in one virus particle, or the cores were sometimes absent when thin sections were examined. The envelope of the virus particles had an irregular structure, although LAV particles were approximately spherical.
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Hoon DB, Wang HC, Ramshaw IA. Increased metastatic ability and bone formation of a mammary adenocarcinoma in vivo after in vitro passaging. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER & CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 1984; 20:1517-26. [PMID: 6594243 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(84)90145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
On in vitro passaging of the rat mammary adenocarcinoma R3230AC cell line, phenotypic changes occurred that were expressed in vivo. The histology of this mammary adenocarcinoma changed to a fibrosarcoma and then to an osteosarcoma. The overall population of early passaged cells consisted of a mixture of predominantly epithelial-like cells and few fibroblast-like cells; however, later passaged cells consisted more of the latter type. Along with the changes in histology, the tumor line also became highly metastatic in animals after in vitro passaging. The etiology of these phenotypic changes was not determined. Cytogenetic studies revealed chromosome changes in cells of later passages. Cells of 90 or greater passages that produced bone tumors were found to have fewer chromosomes and a metacentric marker isochromosome. In this report a correlation is made between the aberrant change in histology, increased metastatic ability and the presence of a marker chromosome of the R3230AC tumor.
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Akhrem AA, Andrianov VT, Bokut SB, Luka ZA, Kissel MA, Skornyakova TG, Kisselev PA. Thermotropic behaviour of phospholipid vesicles reconstituted with rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 692:287-95. [PMID: 7171597 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(82)90533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 with phospholipids has been investigated employing differential scanning microcalorimetry. It is shown that the thermotropic behaviour of phospholipid vesicles reconstituted with cytochrome P-450 depends on liposome composition, protein concentration and the mode of reconstituted system preparation. From the delta H dependence on protein concentration in proteoliposomes it was calculated that one cytochrome P-450 molecule influence 350 +/- 50 dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) molecules. The electrostatic interaction of cytochrome P-450 and negatively charged phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol (PI), mixed with DMPC involves the temperature stabilization of proteoliposomes at a phase transition of phospholipid bilayers. The thermal denaturation temperature is increased due to negatively charged PI added.
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Dhalla SS, Sharma RK, Wang JH. Dependence of the order of addition of MAPs and GTP for microtubule assembly. FEBS Lett 1981; 134:257-60. [PMID: 7308490 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(81)80614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Beyersdorf F, Gauhl C, Elert O, Satter P. Electron microscopic visible ischemic changes of the mitochondrial ATPases in human myocardial cells during extracorporal circulation. Basic Res Cardiol 1981; 76:106-13. [PMID: 6453581 DOI: 10.1007/bf01908166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During open heart surgery, needle biopsy material was obtained in four patients, and electron microscopic preparations of the mitochondrial ATPases (coupling factors 1) in human myocardial cells were performed. The pre-ischemic, normal structure of the mitochondrial ATPases and the changes which occur during the ischemic interval were described. An increase in the center-to-center space was shown in the post-ischemic phase. This result was discussed for the pathogenesis of subcellular injuries due to ischemia.
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Basu S. Superstructures of wet inactive chromatin and the chromosome surface. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1979; 10:377-95. [PMID: 117265 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Superpacking of chromatin and the surface features of metaphase chromosomes have been studied by SiO replication of wet, unstained, and unfixed specimens in an exceedingly thin (less than or equal to nm) aqueous layer, keeping them wet. Hydrophilic Formvar substrates allow controlled thinning of the aqueous layer covering the wet specimens. Whole mounts of chromatin and chromosomes were prepared by applying a microsurface spreading method to swollen nuclei and mitotic cells at metaphase. The highest level of nucleosome folding of the inactive chromatin in chicken erythrocytes and rat liver nuclei is basically a second-order superhelical organization (width 150--200 nm, pitch distance 50--150 nm) of the elementary nucleosome filament. In unfavorable environments (as determined by ionic agents, fixative, and dehydrating agetns) this superstructure collapses into chains of superbeads and beads. Formalin (10%) apparently attacks at discrete sites of chromatin, which are then separated into superbeads. The latter consist of 4--6 nucleosomes and seemingly correspond to successive turns of an original solenoidal coil (width 30--35 nm), which forms the superhilical organization. When this organization is unfolded, eg, in 1--2 mM EDTA, DNAse-sensitive filaments (diameter 1.7 nm) are seen to be wrapped around the nucleosomes. The wet chromosomes in each metaphase spread are held to each other by smooth microtubular fibers, 20--20 nm in diameter. Before they enter into a chromsome, these fibers branch into 9--13 protofilaments, each 5 nm wide. The chromosome surface contains a dense distribution of subunits about 10--25 nm in diameter. This size distribution corresponds to that of nucleosomes and their superbeads. Distinct from this beaded chromosome surface are several smooth, 23--30-nm-diameter fibers, which are longitudinal at the centromere and seem to continue into the chromatid structure. The surface replicas of dried chromosomes do not show these features, which are revealed only in wet chromosomes.
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Kimura G, Katsumoto T, Itagaki A. Morphological phenotype of temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40 in productive infection. Virology 1977; 79:355-68. [PMID: 68621 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gobara F, Itagaki A, Ito Y, Saito K, Katsumoto T. Properties of virus isolated from an epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in 1973 in the city of Matsue. Comparison with Coxsackievirus group A type 16 prototype. Microbiol Immunol 1977; 21:207-17. [PMID: 875762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1977.tb00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The virus strains isolated from clinical cases in an epidemic of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Matsue in 1973 were characterized and its properties were compared with those of the Coxsackievirus group A type 16 (CA 16) prototype strain. The virus isolated in 1973 was similar to CA16 prototype virus with respect to morphology in electron microscopy, resistance to ether and capability to replicate in meidum containing fluorodeoxyuridine. Cross neutralization tests using guinea-pig and horse antisera revealed that there was little or no detectable common antigen between the two viruses. The two viruses also differed in heat stability of virion infectivity: the 1973-viruses were much more resistant to heat than the prototype virus. Under one-step growth conditions in Vero cell cultures, growth rate and virus yield of the 1973-viruses were lower than those of CA16, but this property was independent of incubation temperatures, pH of culture medium and other culture conditions. Several other differences in property between the 2 strains are also described. It is concluded that the epidemic in 1973 was caused by a virus whose properties differed greatly from those of the CA16 prototype.
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Isenberg G, Wohlfarth-Bottermann KE. Transformation of cytoplasmic actin. Importance for the organization of the contractile gel reticulum and the contraction--relasation cycle of cytoplasmic actomyosin. Cell Tissue Res 1976; 173:495-528. [PMID: 1033037 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
(1) Within the low viscous flowing endoplasm of Physarum polycephalum a considerable amount of actin is in the non-filamentous state. This can be demonstrated by applying poly-L-lysin to surface spreads of native protoplasm. (2) It has been shown that in protoplasmic drops the endoplasm-ectoplasm transformation is accompanied by an actin polymerization from the non-filamentous state to F-actin. (3) The actual state of the labile G-F-actin equilibrium determines the varying consistency (viscosity) of the cytoplasm. (4) Increasing viscosity can be interpreted as being brought about by a) shifting of the G-F-actin equilibrium to the filamentous side, and (b) increased myosin-mediated binding sites between actin filaments. (5) Polymerization and depolymerization processes are involved in the rhythmically occurring contraction-relaxation cycle of cytoplasmic actomyosin in Physarum. (6) Cytoplasmic actin and myosin represent the architectural proteins of the contractile gel reticulum in eukaryotic cells. (7) The importance of the regulation of actin polymerization as a basic control mechanism of the eukaryotic cell is discussed.
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Boegman RJ. The isolation and partial characterization of membranes from dystrophic and normal muscle. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1974; 48:237-44. [PMID: 4151361 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(74)90704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Parsons DF, Matricardi VR, Moretz RC, Turner JN. Electron microscopy and diffraction of wet unstained and unfixed biological objects. ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 1974; 15:161-270. [PMID: 4135010 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-005215-8.50012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Parsons DF, Uydees I, Matricardi VR. High voltage electron microscopy of wet whole cells. Effect of different wet cell preparation methods on visibility of structures. J Microsc 1974; 100:153-67. [PMID: 4597869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1974.tb03925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Maré CJ, Graham DL. Falcon Herpesvirus, the etiologic agent of inclusion body disease of falcons. Infect Immun 1973; 8:118-25. [PMID: 4352453 PMCID: PMC422819 DOI: 10.1128/iai.8.1.118-126.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A viral agent has been isolated from five fatal cases of naturally occurring inclusion body disease in three different falcon species, namely, the prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), the red-headed falcon (F. chiquera), and the peregrine falcon (F. peregrinus). The virus has been shown to possess the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a herpesvirus and has been used to reproduce inclusion body disease in the prairie falcon, merlin (F. columbarius), and American kestrel (F. sparverius). A similar disease was also produced with this virus in the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), screech owl (Otus asio), and ring-necked turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria). Serological comparison of the falcon herpesvirus with other known avian herpesviruses revealed that the virus is antigenically closely related to a pigeon herpesvirus and an owl herpesvirus while differing from the former in host range. No antigenic relationship to infectious laryngotracheitis virus, duck virus enteritis, or Marek's disease virus could be demonstrated.
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Rostgaard J, Thuneberg L. Electron microscopical observations on the brush border of proximal tubule cells of mammalian kidney. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1972; 132:473-96. [PMID: 4118174 DOI: 10.1007/bf00306637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, Eckroade RJ, Dessel BH. Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1971; 1:1257-60. [PMID: 4104715 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Morgan DG, Epstein MA, Achong BG, Meléndez LV. Morphological confirmation of the herpes nature of a carcinogenic virus of primates (Herpes saimiri). Nature 1970; 228:170-2. [PMID: 4318968 DOI: 10.1038/228170a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Boegman RJ, Manery JF, Pinteric L. The separation and partial purification of membrane-bound (Na + + K + )-dependent Mg 2+ -ATPase and (Na + +K + (Na + +K + )-independent Mg 2+ -ATPase from frog skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 203:506-30. [PMID: 4257137 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(70)90189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chang A, Faine S. Electron-microscopic evidence for reactions of axial filaments of Leptospira with IgM and IgG antibodies. Bull World Health Organ 1970; 43:571-7. [PMID: 5313069 PMCID: PMC2427786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological identifications of structural components of leptospires have not previously been reported although morphological and antigenic studies have been carried out extensively.The antigenic activity of isolated axial filaments was characterized by direct electron-microscopic visualization of immune precipitates with fractionated antisera. The precipitates were composed of axial filament with IgM or IgG antibodies attached.The axial filament is the first structural component of leptospires to be identified serologically. Knowledge of the pattern of cross-reactivity of this axial filament antigen among various serotypes may be of value in helping to establish a new system of classification based on specific antigens rather than the current system using reciprocal agglutinin-absorption tests, which measures the resultant of many antigens.
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Copius Peereboom JW. Modern Views on the Physical Structure of the Membrane of the Fat Globules in Milk and Cream and a Possible Relation with the Migration of Copper During Butter Manufacture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1969. [DOI: 10.1002/lipi.19690710421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ghosh BK, Murray RG. Fractionation and characterization of the plasma and mesosome membrane of Listeria monocytogenes. J Bacteriol 1969; 97:426-40. [PMID: 4303541 PMCID: PMC249627 DOI: 10.1128/jb.97.1.426-440.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoplasts of Listeria monocytogenes strain 42 were fractionated after control lysis on a Ficoll (a polysucrose) density gradient. Visually, five zones could be recognized in the gradient. The first one was composed of amorphous cytoplasmic solutes (fraction 1a) and a mixture of particles (fraction 1b). These were: (i) light particles that were lipase-sensitive and composed of six subunits and (ii) heavy particles, sensitive to ribonuclease and devoid of fine structure. The second zone consisted of tubules and vesicles still harboring cytoplasmic components (fraction 2), whereas the third zone contained only empty vesicles and protoplast ghosts (fraction 3). The material congregating into the fourth zone was morphologically identical to that of the third (fraction 3a). The fifth and heaviest zone contained a mixture of (i) particles without any substructure and (ii) partly lysed protoplasts (fraction 4). Fractions 1b and 4 were the richest in nucleic acids (ribonucleic acid, 11.4 and 9.4%, respectively; deoxyribonucleic acid, 5.1 and 4.8%, respectively), whereas fraction 1b had the highest protein contents (74.6%). Phospholipids were mainly found in fractions 2 and 3. Except for fraction 1, all materials contained significant amounts of protein-bound phosphorus. The main concentrations of four enzymes were: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (fraction 1a); adenosine triphosphatase and reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate oxidase (fraction 3); nitro blue tetrazolium chloride reductase (fraction 2). Fractionation of strain 42 after addition of (32)P during the mid-log phase of growth revealed that the radio-activity was mainly detected in fraction 1b, when growth in the presence of the marker was allowed for 10 min, and in fraction 2, when growth was allowed for 90 min. The vesicles of fraction 2, often tubular, are probably of mesosomal origin, whereas those of fraction 3, which are always spherical, represent, most likely, the bulk of the cell plasma membrane. Our data showed slight chemical differences between these two fractions, but the differences in enzymatic activities and lipid-phosphorus incorporation during long pulse experiments were most dramatic.
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Malviya AN, Parsa B, Yodaiken RE, Elliott WB. Ultrastructure of sonic and digitonin fragments from beef heart mitochondria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1968; 162:195-209. [PMID: 4176215 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(68)90102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dun AE, Ogilvie MM. Intranuclear virus particles in human genital wart tissue: observations on the ultrastructure of the epidermal layer. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1968; 22:282-95. [PMID: 5657278 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(68)90021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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38
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Burton PR. Effects of various treatments on microtubules and axial units of lung-fluke spermatozoa. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ZELLFORSCHUNG UND MIKROSKOPISCHE ANATOMIE (VIENNA, AUSTRIA : 1948) 1968; 87:226-48. [PMID: 4884465 DOI: 10.1007/bf00319722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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39
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41
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Monroe JH, Schidlovsky G, Chandra S. Membrane pores and herpesvirus-type particles in negatively stained whole cells. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1967; 21:134-44. [PMID: 4170956 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Almeida JD, Waterson AP, Plowright W. The morphological characteristics of African swine fever virus and its resemblance to tipula iridescent virus. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1967; 20:392-6. [PMID: 5628255 DOI: 10.1007/bf01241958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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Burton PR. Fine structure of the unique central region of the axial unit of lung-fluke spermatozoa. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1967; 19:166-72. [PMID: 6067528 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80066-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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44
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Mitchell RF. Structural changes in swollen ascites tumor mitochondria. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1967; 18:257-76. [PMID: 6067299 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mitchell RF. Localized swelling of the inner compartment in negatively stained mitochondria. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1967; 18:277-86. [PMID: 4164866 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(67)80118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Reale E, Luciano L. [Histochemical reactions and "negative staining" of cellular fractions. I. Studies on the activity of acid phosphatase in spleen lysosomes]. HISTOCHEMIE. HISTOCHEMISTRY. HISTOCHIMIE 1967; 11:296-304. [PMID: 4884493 DOI: 10.1007/bf00305806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Electron Microscopy of Isolated Virus Particles and Their Components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1967. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4832-3219-5.50017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Burton PR. A Comparative electron microscopic study of cytoplasmic microtubules and axial unit tubules in a spermatozoon and a protozoan. J Morphol 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051200406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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