1
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Singh N, Zhang P, Li KJ, Gordon KL. The Rac pathway prevents cell fragmentation in a nonprotrusively migrating leader cell during C. elegans gonad organogenesis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2387-2402.e5. [PMID: 38776905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The C. elegans hermaphrodite distal tip cell (DTC) leads gonadogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in a C. elegans ortholog of the Rac1 GTPase (ced-10) and its GEF complex (ced-5/DOCK180, ced-2/CrkII, ced-12/ELMO) cause gonad migration defects related to directional sensing; we discovered an additional defect class of gonad bifurcation in these mutants. Using genetic approaches, tissue-specific and whole-body RNAi, and in vivo imaging of endogenously tagged proteins and marked cells, we find that loss of Rac1 or its regulators causes the DTC to fragment as it migrates. Both products of fragmentation-the now-smaller DTC and the membranous patch of cellular material-localize important stem cell niche signaling (LAG-2 ligand) and migration (INA-1/integrin subunit alpha) factors to their membranes, but only one retains the DTC nucleus and therefore the ability to maintain gene expression over time. The enucleate patch can lead a bifurcating branch off the gonad arm that grows through germ cell proliferation. Germ cells in this branch differentiate as the patch loses LAG-2 expression. While the nucleus is surprisingly dispensable for aspects of leader cell function, it is required for stem cell niche activity long term. Prior work found that Rac1-/-;Rac2-/- mouse erythrocytes fragment; in this context, our new findings support the conclusion that maintaining a cohesive but deformable cell is a conserved function of this important cytoskeletal regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen Jian Li
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kacy Lynn Gordon
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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2
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Yurchenco PD, Kulczyk AW. Polymerizing Laminins in Development, Health and Disease. J Biol Chem 2024:107429. [PMID: 38825010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerizing laminins are multi-domain basement membrane (BM) glycoproteins that self-assemble into cell-anchored planar lattices to establish the initial BM scaffold. Nidogens, collagen-IV and proteoglycans then bind to the scaffold at different domain loci to create a mature BM. The LN domains of adjacent laminins bind to each other to form a polymer node, while the LG domains attach to cytoskeletal-anchoring integrins and dystroglycan, as well as to sulfatides and heparan sulfates. The polymer node, the repeating unit of the polymer scaffold, is organized into a near-symmetrical triskelion. The structure, recently solved by cryo-electron microscopy in combination with AlphaFold2 modelling and biochemical studies, reveals how the LN surface residues interact with each other and how mutations cause failures of self-assembly in an emerging group of diseases, the LN-lamininopathies, that include LAMA2-related dystrophy and Pierson syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Yurchenco
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Arkadiusz W Kulczyk
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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3
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Martinez MAQ, Zhao CZ, Moore FEQ, Yee C, Zhang W, Shen K, Martin BL, Matus DQ. Cell cycle perturbation uncouples mitotic progression and invasive behavior in a post-mitotic cell. Differentiation 2024; 137:100765. [PMID: 38522217 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The acquisition of the post-mitotic state is crucial for the execution of many terminally differentiated cell behaviors during organismal development. However, the mechanisms that maintain the post-mitotic state in this context remain poorly understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we used the genetically and visually accessible model of C. elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion into the vulval epithelium. The AC is a terminally differentiated uterine cell that normally exits the cell cycle and enters a post-mitotic state before initiating contact between the uterus and vulva through a cell invasion event. Here, we set out to identify the set of negative cell cycle regulators that maintain the AC in this post-mitotic, invasive state. Our findings revealed a critical role for CKI-1 (p21CIP1/p27KIP1) in redundantly maintaining the post-mitotic state of the AC, as loss of CKI-1 in combination with other negative cell cycle regulators-including CKI-2 (p21CIP1/p27KIP1), LIN-35 (pRb/p107/p130), FZR-1 (Cdh1/Hct1), and LIN-23 (β-TrCP)-resulted in proliferating ACs. Remarkably, time-lapse imaging revealed that these ACs retain their ability to invade. Upon examination of a node in the gene regulatory network controlling AC invasion, we determined that proliferating, invasive ACs do so by maintaining aspects of pro-invasive gene expression. We therefore report that the requirement for a post-mitotic state for invasive cell behavior can be bypassed following direct cell cycle perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Q Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Chris Z Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Frances E Q Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Callista Yee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Kang Shen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin L Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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4
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Watanabe-Takano H, Kato K, Oguri-Nakamura E, Ishii T, Kobayashi K, Murata T, Tsujikawa K, Miyata T, Kubota Y, Hanada Y, Nishiyama K, Watabe T, Fässler R, Ishii H, Mochizuki N, Fukuhara S. Endothelial cells regulate alveolar morphogenesis by constructing basement membranes acting as a scaffold for myofibroblasts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1622. [PMID: 38438343 PMCID: PMC10912381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveologenesis is a spatially coordinated morphogenetic event, during which alveolar myofibroblasts surround the terminal sacs constructed by epithelial cells and endothelial cells (ECs), then contract to form secondary septa to generate alveoli in the lungs. Recent studies have demonstrated the important role of alveolar ECs in this morphogenetic event. However, the mechanisms underlying EC-mediated alveologenesis remain unknown. Herein, we show that ECs regulate alveologenesis by constructing basement membranes (BMs) acting as a scaffold for myofibroblasts to induce septa formation through activating mechanical signaling. Rap1, a small GTPase of the Ras superfamily, is known to stimulate integrin-mediated cell adhesions. EC-specific Rap1-deficient (Rap1iECKO) mice exhibit impaired septa formation and hypo-alveolarization due to the decreased mechanical signaling in myofibroblasts. In Rap1iECKO mice, ECs fail to stimulate integrin β1 to recruit Collagen type IV (Col-4) into BMs required for myofibroblast-mediated septa formation. Consistently, EC-specific integrin β1-deficient mice show hypo-alveolarization, defective mechanical signaling in myofibroblasts, and disorganized BMs. These data demonstrate that alveolar ECs promote integrin β1-mediated Col-4 recruitment in a Rap1-dependent manner, thereby constructing BMs acting as a scaffold for myofibroblasts to induce mechanical signal-mediated alveologenesis. Thus, this study unveils a mechanism of organ morphogenesis mediated by ECs through intrinsic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Watanabe-Takano
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Eri Oguri-Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsujikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hanada
- Department of Cardiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
- Laboratory for Vascular and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1962, Japan
| | - Koichi Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Vascular and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki, 889-1962, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Reinhard Fässler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Shigetomo Fukuhara
- Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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5
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Martinez MAQ, Zhao CZ, Moore FEQ, Yee C, Zhang W, Shen K, Martin BL, Matus DQ. Cell cycle perturbation uncouples mitotic progression and invasive behavior in a post-mitotic cell. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.16.533034. [PMID: 38370624 PMCID: PMC10871222 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.533034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The acquisition of the post-mitotic state is crucial for the execution of many terminally differentiated cell behaviors during organismal development. However, the mechanisms that maintain the post-mitotic state in this context remain poorly understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we used the genetically and visually accessible model of C. elegans anchor cell (AC) invasion into the vulval epithelium. The AC is a terminally differentiated uterine cell that normally exits the cell cycle and enters a post-mitotic state, initiating contact between the uterus and vulva through a cell invasion event. Here, we set out to identify the set of negative cell cycle regulators that maintain the AC in this post-mitotic, invasive state. Our findings revealed a critical role for CKI-1 (p21CIP1/p27KIP1) in redundantly maintaining the post-mitotic state of the AC, as loss of CKI-1 in combination with other negative cell cycle regulators-including CKI-2 (p21CIP1/p27KIP1), LIN-35 (pRb/p107/p130), FZR-1 (Cdh1/Hct1), and LIN-23 (β-TrCP)-resulted in proliferating ACs. Remarkably, time-lapse imaging revealed that these ACs retain their ability to invade. Upon examination of a node in the gene regulatory network controlling AC invasion, we determined that proliferating, invasive ACs do so by maintaining aspects of pro-invasive gene expression. We therefore report that the requirement for a post-mitotic state for invasive cell behavior can be bypassed following direct cell cycle perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Q Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chris Z Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Frances E Q Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Callista Yee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kang Shen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin L Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - David Q Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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6
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Singh N, Jian Li K, Lynn Gordon K. Getting there in one piece: The Rac pathway prevents cell fragmentation in a nonprotrusively migrating leader cell during organogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569642. [PMID: 38106045 PMCID: PMC10723291 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The C. elegans hermaphrodite distal tip cell (DTC) leads gonadogenesis. Loss-of-function mutations in a C. elegans ortholog of the Rac1 GTPase (ced-10) and its GEF complex (ced-5/DOCK180, ced-2/CrkII, ced-12/ELMO) cause gonad migration defects related to directional sensing; we discovered an additional defect class of gonad bifurcation in these mutants. Using genetic approaches, tissue-specific and whole-body RNAi, and in vivo imaging of endogenously tagged proteins and marked cells, we find that loss of Rac1 or its regulators causes the DTC to fragment as it migrates. Both products of fragmentation-the now-smaller DTC and the membranous patch of cellular material-localize important stem cell niche signaling (LAG-2/DSL ligand) and migration (INA-1/integrin subunit alpha) factors to their membranes, but only one retains the DTC nucleus and therefore the ability to maintain gene expression over time. The enucleate patch can lead a bifurcating branch off the gonad arm that grows through germ cell proliferation. Germ cells in this branch differentiate as the patch loses LAG-2 expression. While the nucleus is surprisingly dispensable for aspects of leader cell function, it is required for stem cell niche activity long-term. Prior work found that Rac1-/-;Rac2-/- mouse erythrocytes fragment; in this context, our new findings support the conclusion that maintaining a cohesive but deformable cell is a conserved function of this important cytoskeletal regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Karen Jian Li
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Kacy Lynn Gordon
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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7
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Summers JA, Yarbrough M, Liu M, McDonald WH, Hudson BG, Pastor-Pareja JC, Boudko SP. Collagen IV of basement membranes: IV. Adaptive mechanism of collagen IV scaffold assembly in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105394. [PMID: 37890775 PMCID: PMC10694668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen IV is an essential structural protein in all metazoans. It provides a scaffold for the assembly of basement membranes, a specialized form of extracellular matrix, which anchors and signals cells and provides microscale tensile strength. Defective scaffolds cause basement membrane destabilization and tissue dysfunction. Scaffolds are composed of α-chains that coassemble into triple-helical protomers of distinct chain compositions, which in turn oligomerize into supramolecular scaffolds. Chloride ions mediate the oligomerization via NC1 trimeric domains, forming an NC1 hexamer at the protomer-protomer interface. The chloride concentration-"chloride pressure"-on the outside of cells is a primordial innovation that drives the assembly and dynamic stabilization of collagen IV scaffolds. However, a Cl-independent mechanism is operative in Ctenophora, Ecdysozoa, and Rotifera, which suggests evolutionary adaptations to environmental or tissue conditions. An understanding of these exceptions, such as the example of Drosophila, could shed light on the fundamentals of how NC1 trimers direct the oligomerization of protomers into scaffolds. Here, we investigated the NC1 assembly of Drosophila. We solved the crystal structure of the NC1 hexamer, determined the chain composition of protomers, and found that Drosophila adapted an evolutionarily unique mechanism of scaffold assembly that requires divalent cations. By studying the Drosophila case we highlighted the mechanistic role of chloride pressure for maintaining functionality of the NC1 domain in humans. Moreover, we discovered that the NC1 trimers encode information for homing protomers to distant tissue locations, providing clues for the development of protein replacement therapy for collagen IV genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Summers
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Madison Yarbrough
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Min Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Proteomics Laboratory, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - José C Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Neurosciences, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Sergei P Boudko
- Aspirnaut Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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8
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Lv R, Duan L, Gao J, Si J, Feng C, Hu J, Zheng X. Bioinformatics-based analysis of the roles of basement membrane-related gene AGRN in systemic lupus erythematosus and pan-cancer development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231611. [PMID: 37841281 PMCID: PMC10570813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease involving many systems and organs, and individuals with SLE exhibit unique cancer risk characteristics. The significance of the basement membrane (BM) in the occurrence and progression of human autoimmune diseases and tumors has been established through research. However, the roles of BM-related genes and their protein expression mechanisms in the pathogenesis of SLE and pan-cancer development has not been elucidated. Methods In this study, we applied bioinformatics methods to perform differential expression analysis of BM-related genes in datasets from SLE patients. We utilized LASSO logistic regression, SVM-RFE, and RandomForest to screen for feature genes and construct a diagnosis model for SLE. In order to attain a comprehensive comprehension of the biological functionalities of the feature genes, we conducted GSEA analysis, ROC analysis, and computed levels of immune cell infiltration. Finally, we sourced pan-cancer expression profiles from the TCGA and GTEx databases and performed pan-cancer analysis. Results We screened six feature genes (AGRN, PHF13, SPOCK2, TGFBI, COL4A3, and COLQ) to construct an SLE diagnostic model. Immune infiltration analysis showed a significant correlation between AGRN and immune cell functions such as parainflammation and type I IFN response. After further gene expression validation, we finally selected AGRN for pan-cancer analysis. The results showed that AGRN's expression level varied according to distinct tumor types and was closely correlated with some tumor patients' prognosis, immune cell infiltration, and other indicators. Discussion In conclusion, BM-related genes play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE, and AGRN shows immense promise as a target in SLE and the progression of multiple tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Lv
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Jigang Si
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Children’s Health, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Demler C, Lawlor JC, Yelin R, Llivichuzcha-Loja D, Shaulov L, Kim D, Stewart M, Lee F, Schultheiss T, Kurpios N. An atypical basement membrane forms a midline barrier in left-right asymmetric gut development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553395. [PMID: 37645918 PMCID: PMC10461973 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Correct intestinal morphogenesis depends on the early embryonic process of gut rotation, an evolutionarily conserved program in which a straight gut tube elongates and forms into its first loops. However, the gut tube requires guidance to loop in a reproducible manner. The dorsal mesentery (DM) connects the gut tube to the body and directs the lengthening gut into stereotypical loops via left-right (LR) asymmetric cellular and extracellular behavior. The LR asymmetry of the DM also governs blood and lymphatic vessel formation for the digestive tract, which is essential for prenatal organ development and postnatal vital functions including nutrient absorption. Although the genetic LR asymmetry of the DM has been extensively studied, a divider between the left and right DM has yet to be identified. Setting up LR asymmetry for the entire body requires a Lefty1+ midline barrier to separate the two sides of the embryo-without it, embryos have lethal or congenital LR patterning defects. Individual organs including the brain, heart, and gut also have LR asymmetry, and while the consequences of left and right signals mixing are severe or even lethal, organ-specific mechanisms for separating these signals are not well understood. Here, we uncover a midline structure composed of a transient double basement membrane, which separates the left and right halves of the embryonic chick DM during the establishment of intestinal and vascular asymmetries. Unlike other basement membranes of the DM, the midline is resistant to disruption by intercalation of Netrin4 (Ntn4). We propose that this atypical midline forms the boundary between left and right sides and functions as a barrier necessary to establish and protect organ asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Demler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John Coates Lawlor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ronit Yelin
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Dhana Llivichuzcha-Loja
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lihi Shaulov
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - David Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Megan Stewart
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Thomas Schultheiss
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Natasza Kurpios
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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10
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McIntyre DC, Nance J. Niche cells regulate primordial germ cell quiescence in response to basement membrane signaling. Development 2023; 150:dev201640. [PMID: 37497562 PMCID: PMC10445801 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation are controlled by interactions with niche cells and a specialized extracellular matrix called basement membrane (BM). Direct interactions with adjacent BM are known to regulate stem cell quiescence; however, it is less clear how niche BM relays signals to stem cells that it does not contact. Here, we examine how niche BM regulates Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). BM regulates PGC quiescence even though PGCs are enwrapped by somatic niche cells and do not contact the BM; this can be demonstrated by depleting laminin, which causes normally quiescent embryonic PGCs to proliferate. We show that following laminin depletion, niche cells relay proliferation-inducing signals from the gonadal BM to PGCs via integrin receptors. Disrupting the BM proteoglycan perlecan blocks PGC proliferation when laminin is depleted, indicating that laminin functions to inhibit a proliferation-inducing signal originating from perlecan. Reducing perlecan levels in fed larvae hampers germline growth, suggesting that BM signals regulate germ cell proliferation under physiological conditions. Our results reveal how BM signals can regulate stem cell quiescence indirectly, by activating niche cell integrin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. McIntyre
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- University of Virginia, Department of Biology, 90 Geldard Drive, Physical Life Science Building Room 318, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeremy Nance
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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11
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Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) is a thin, planar-organized extracellular matrix that underlies epithelia and surrounds most organs. During development, the BM is highly dynamic and simultaneously provides mechanical properties that stabilize tissue structure and shape organs. Moreover, it is important for cell polarity, cell migration, and cell signaling. Thereby BM diverges regarding molecular composition, structure, and modes of assembly. Different BM organization leads to various physical features. The mechanisms that regulate BM composition and structure and how this affects mechanical properties are not fully understood. Recent studies show that precise control of BM deposition or degradation can result in BMs with locally different protein densities, compositions, thicknesses, or polarization. Such heterogeneous matrices can induce temporospatial force anisotropy and enable tissue sculpting. In this Review, I address recent findings that provide new perspectives on the role of the BM in morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Töpfer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, V6T 1Z3
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12
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Gui H, Chen X, Ye L, Ma H. Seven basement membrane-specific expressed genes are considered potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:493-505. [PMID: 36627452 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a diabetes-related chronic vasculitis. DN diminishes kidney function over time and, of course, leads to end stage renal disease in people (ESRD). In spite of the advances in diagnostic and treatment methods for DN, DN continues to impose a significant physical and psychological burden on patients, severely impacting their quality of life, making the hunt for novel therapeutic targets necessary. METHODS The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets GSE1009, GSE30122, GSE142153, and GSE96804 were downloaded to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in kidney tissues from patients in the DN group and normal controls. These three datasets were examined for genes associated with basement membranes (BMs) with differential gene expression. The target genes were then subjected to gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. BM-related genes underwent PPI network analysis and screening of the top 10 hub genes, along with immune infiltration analysis and column line graph model development. Finally, we conducted DN therapeutic medication prediction and the creation of something like a miRNA network for genetic markers with BMs. RESULTS Seven candidate BM-related genes (COL4A1, COL4A2, COL6A2, COL6A3, FN1, ITGQ4, and LAMB1) with acceptable helps the healthcare were discovered. Enrichment analysis of diabetes-related genes event occurred the role of biological processes including extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structural organization, and collagen-containing extracellular matrix, as well as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, in diabetic complications. These genes may also be associated in immune cells and autoimmune activities, such as Macrophages and MHC class I, in order to impact the immune process in DN. In the meanwhile, based on these seven BM-related genes, we discovered that Ginsenoside Rh1 was very significant for drug targeting. CONCLUSIONS This research identified seven BM-related genes as possible diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for DN. Analysis of inflammatory infiltration indicated that these genes may be important in inflammatory processes through Macrophages and MHC class I, hence impacting the course and development of DN illness. The development of a correlated column line graph model for it also shown excellent predictive capabilities. In addition, we have found pharmaceuticals, such as Ginsenoside Rh1, that may provide fresh insights into the personalized management of patients with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- HouShan Gui
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - LuFen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Yichun University, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Yichun University School of Aesthetic Medicine, No. 576 Yuanzhou District, Yichun, 336000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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13
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Park K, Jayadev R, Payne SG, Kenny-Ganzert IW, Chi Q, Costa DS, Ramos-Lewis W, Thendral SB, Sherwood DR. Reciprocal discoidin domain receptor signaling strengthens integrin adhesion to connect adjacent tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532639. [PMID: 36993349 PMCID: PMC10055161 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Separate tissues connect through adjoining basement membranes to carry out molecular barrier, exchange, and organ support functions. Cell adhesion at these connections must be robust and balanced to withstand independent tissue movement. Yet, how cells achieve synchronized adhesion to connect tissues is unknown. Here, we have investigated this question using the C. elegans utse-seam tissue connection that supports the uterus during egg-laying. Through genetics, quantitative fluorescence, and cell specific molecular disruption, we show that type IV collagen, which fastens the linkage, also activates the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR-2) in both the utse and seam. RNAi depletion, genome editing, and photobleaching experiments revealed that DDR-2 signals through LET-60/Ras to coordinately strengthen an integrin adhesion in the utse and seam that stabilizes their connection. These results uncover a synchronizing mechanism for robust adhesion during tissue connection, where collagen both affixes the linkage and signals to both tissues to bolster their adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieop Park
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ranjay Jayadev
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara G. Payne
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Daniel S. Costa
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | | | - David R. Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Lin K, Xu D, Wang X, Shi J, Gao W. Development of a basement membrane gene signature and identification of the potential candidate therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Gland Surg 2023; 12:263-281. [PMID: 36915817 PMCID: PMC10005979 DOI: 10.21037/gs-23-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is a deadly cancer with a poor prognosis. In light of mounting evidence that basement membrane genes (BMGs) play a role in the development of cancer, we sought to examine the prognostic importance and role of BMGs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Methods BMGs were obtained from previous top research studies. The clinical and messenger ribonucleic acid expression data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data sets, respectively. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used for the PDAC risk modeling and gene identification. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare outcomes between the low- and high-risk groups. Finally, we analyzed small-molecule drugs that could be used to target BMGs for treatment using the Enrichr data set and validated the function of the tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen (TINAG) in pancreatic cancer. Results We successfully constructed and validated a 7 BMG-based model to predict PDAC patient outcomes. Additionally, we discovered that 7 BMG-based model was an independent predictive factor for PDAC. According to our functional analysis, the majority of the signaling pathways enriched in BMGs were those connected to malignancy. Immune cell infiltration and immunological checkpoints were also linked to the BMG-based model. Further, we identified 5 small-molecule drugs that may be useful in treating PDAC patients. We also found that TINAG promoted cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. Conclusions Our study extended understandings of how BMGs work in PDAC. We identified a credible predictive biomarker for PDAC patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of GCP Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Pancreas Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Chen Z, Sun X, Kang Y, Zhang J, Jia F, Liu X, Zhu H. A novel risk model based on the correlation between the expression of basement membrane genes and immune infiltration to predict the invasiveness of pituitary adenomas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1079777. [PMID: 36686480 PMCID: PMC9846255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Invasive pituitary adenomas (IPAs) are common tumors of the nervous system tumors for which invasive growth can lead to difficult total resection and a high recurrence rate. The basement membrane (BM) is a special type of extracellular matrix and plays an important role in the invasion of pituitary adenomas (PAs). The aim of this study was to develop a risk model for predicting the invasiveness of PAs by analyzing the correlation between the expression of BM genes and immune infiltration. Methods Four datasets, featuring samples IPAs and non-invasive pituitary adenomas (NIPAs), were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). R software was then used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analyze their functional enrichment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to screen BM genes, which were analyzed for immune infiltration; this led to the generation of a risk model based on the correlation between the expression of BM genes and immunity. A calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate and validate the model. Subsequently, the differential expression levels of BM genes between IPA and NIPA samples collected in surgery were verified by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and the prediction model was further evaluated. Finally, based on our analysis, we recommend potential drug targets for the treatment of IPAs. Results The merged dataset identified 248 DEGs that were mainly enriching in signal transduction, the extracellular matrix and channel activity. The PPI network identified 11 BM genes from the DEGs: SPARCL1, GPC3, LAMA1, SDC4, GPC4, ADAMTS8, LAMA2, LAMC3, SMOC1, LUM and THBS2. Based on the complex correlation between these 11 genes and immune infiltration, a risk model was established to predict PAs invasiveness. Calibration curve and ROC curve analysis (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.7886194) confirmed the good predictive ability of the model. The consistency between the qPCR results and the bioinformatics results confirmed the reliability of data mining. Conclusion Using a variety of bioinformatics methods, we developed a novel risk model to predict the probability of PAs invasion based on the correlation between 11 BM genes and immune infiltration. These findings may facilitate closer surveillance and early diagnosis to prevent or treat IPAs in patients and improve the clinical awareness of patients at high risk of IPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yin Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiyao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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16
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Martinez MAQ, Mullarkey AA, Yee C, Zhao CZ, Zhang W, Shen K, Matus DQ. Reevaluating the relationship between EGL-43 (EVI1) and LIN-12 (Notch) during C. elegans anchor cell invasion. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059668. [PMID: 36445013 PMCID: PMC9751802 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the Caenorhabditis elegans reproductive tract is orchestrated by the anchor cell (AC). This occurs in part through a cell invasion event that connects the uterine and vulval tissues. Several key transcription factors regulate AC invasion, such as EGL-43, HLH-2, and NHR-67. Specifically, these transcription factors function together to maintain the post-mitotic state of the AC, a requirement for AC invasion. Recently, a mechanistic connection has been made between loss of EGL-43 and AC cell-cycle entry. The current model states that EGL-43 represses LIN-12 (Notch) expression to prevent AC proliferation, suggesting that Notch signaling has mitogenic effects in the invasive AC. To reexamine the relationship between EGL-43 and LIN-12, we first designed and implemented a heterologous co-expression system called AIDHB that combines the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system of plants with a live cell-cycle sensor based on human DNA helicase B (DHB). After validating AIDHB using AID-tagged GFP, we sought to test it by using AID-tagged alleles of egl-43 and lin-12. Auxin-induced degradation of either EGL-43 or LIN-12 resulted in the expected AC phenotypes. Lastly, we seized the opportunity to pair AIDHB with RNAi to co-deplete LIN-12 and EGL-43, respectively, which revealed that LIN-12 is not required for AC proliferation following loss of EGL-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Q. Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Angelina A. Mullarkey
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Callista Yee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chris Z. Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Wan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kang Shen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Q. Matus
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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17
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Tentaku A, Kurisu S, Sejima K, Nagao T, Takahashi A, Yonemura S. Proximal deposition of collagen IV by fibroblasts contributes to basement membrane formation by colon epithelial cells in vitro. FEBS J 2022; 289:7466-7485. [PMID: 35730982 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) underlying epithelial tissue is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that governs tissue integrity and function. Epithelial BMs are generally assembled using BM components secreted from two origins: epithelium and stroma. Although de novo BM formation involves self-assembly processes of large proteins, it remains unclear how stroma-derived macromolecules are transported and assembled, specifically in the BM region. In this study, we established an in vitro co-culture model of BM formation in which DLD-1 human colon epithelial cells were cultured on top of collagen I gel containing human embryonic OUMS-36T-2 fibroblasts as stromal cells. A distinct feature of our system is represented by OUMS-36T-2 cells which are almost exclusively responsible for synthesis of collagen IV, a major BM component. Exploiting this advantage, we found that collagen IV incorporation was significantly impaired in culture conditions where OUMS-36T-2 cells were not allowed to directly contact DLD-1 cells. Soluble collagen IV, once diluted in the culture medium, did not accumulate in the BM region efficiently. Live imaging of fluorescently tagged collagen IV revealed that OUMS-36T-2 cells deposited collagen IV aggregates directly onto the basal surface of DLD-1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate a novel mode of collagen IV deposition in which fibroblasts proximal to epithelial cells exclusively contribute to collagen IV assembly during BM formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Tentaku
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shusaku Kurisu
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kurumi Sejima
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nagao
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Student Lab, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Preventive Environment and Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan.,Laboratory for Ultrastructural Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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18
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Gianakas CA, Keeley DP, Ramos-Lewis W, Park K, Jayadev R, Kenny IW, Chi Q, Sherwood DR. Hemicentin-mediated type IV collagen assembly strengthens juxtaposed basement membrane linkage. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213571. [PMID: 36282214 PMCID: PMC9597354 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) matrices surround and separate most tissues. However, through poorly understood mechanisms, BMs of adjacent tissue can also stably link to support organ structure and function. Using endogenous knock-in fluorescent proteins, conditional RNAi, optogenetics, and quantitative live imaging, we identified extracellular matrix proteins mediating a BM linkage (B-LINK) between the uterine utse and epidermal seam cell BMs in Caenorhabditis elegans that supports the uterus during egg-laying. We found that hemicentin is secreted by the utse and promotes fibulin-1 assembly to jointly initiate the B-LINK. During egg-laying, however, both proteins' levels decline and are not required for B-LINK maintenance. Instead, we discovered that hemicentin recruits ADAMTS9/20, which facilitates the assembly of high levels of type IV collagen that sustains the B-LINK during the mechanically active egg-laying period. This work reveals mechanisms underlying BM-BM linkage maturation and identifies a crucial function for hemicentin and fibulin-1 in initiating attachment and type IV collagen in strengthening this specialized form of tissue linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A. Gianakas
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Kieop Park
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - David R. Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC,Correspondence to David R. Sherwood:
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19
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Tao J, Li X, Liang C, Liu Y, Zhou J. Expression of basement membrane genes and their prognostic significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026331. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a malignant tumor with limited treatment options. A recent study confirmed the involvement of basement membrane (BM) genes in the progression of many cancers. Therefore, we studied the role and prognostic significance of BM genes in ccRCC.MethodsCo-expression analysis of ccRCC-related information deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas database and a BM geneset from a recent study was conducted. The differentially expressed BM genes were validated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and univariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify a BM gene signature with prognostic significance for ccRCC. Multivariate Cox regression, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic, Kaplan–Meier, and nomogram analyses were implemented to appraise the prognostic ability of the signature and the findings were further verified using a Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. Additionally, immune cell infiltration and and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using ImmuCellAI and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), respectively. Finally, the DSIGDB dataset was used to screen small-molecule therapeutic drugs that may be useful in treating ccRCC patients.ResultsWe identified 108 BM genes exhibiting different expression levels compared to that in normal kidney tissues, among which 32 genes had prognostic values. The qRT-PCR analyses confirmed that the expression patterns of four of the ten selected genes were the same as the predicted ones. Additionally, we successfully established and validated a ccRCC patient prediction model based on 16 BM genes and observed that the model function is an independent predictor. GSEA revealed that differentially expressed BM genes mainly displayed significant enrichment of tumor and metabolic signaling cascades. The BM gene signature was also associated with immune cell infiltration and checkpoints. Eight small-molecule drugs may have therapeutic effects on ccRCC patients.ConclusionThis study explored the function of BM genes in ccRCC for the first time. Reliable prognostic biomarkers that affect the survival of ccRCC patients were determined, and a BM gene-based prognostic model was established.
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20
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Zhou T, Chen W, Wu Z, Cai J, Zhou C. A newly defined basement membrane-related gene signature for the prognosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:994208. [PMID: 36186476 PMCID: PMC9520985 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.994208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Basement membranes (BMs) are associated with cell polarity, differentiation, migration, and survival. Previous studies have shown that BMs play a key role in the progression of cancer, and thus could serve as potential targets for inhibiting the development of cancer. However, the association between basement membrane-related genes (BMRGs) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. To address that gap, we constructed a novel risk signature utilizing BMRGs to explore the relationship between ccRCC and BMs.Methods: We gathered transcriptome and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and randomly separated the data into training and test sets to look for new potential biomarkers and create a predictive signature of BMRGs for ccRCC. We applied univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analyses to establish the model. The risk signature was further verified and evaluated through principal component analysis (PCA), the Kaplan-Meier technique, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC). A nomogram was constructed to predict the overall survival (OS). The possible biological pathways were investigated through functional enrichment analysis. In this study, we also determined tumor mutation burden (TMB) and performed immunological analysis and immunotherapeutic drug analysis between the high- and low-risk groups.Results: We identified 33 differentially expressed genes and constructed a risk model of eight BMRGs, including COL4A4, FREM1, CSPG4, COL4A5, ITGB6, ADAMTS14, MMP17, and THBS4. The PCA analysis showed that the signature could distinguish the high- and low-risk groups well. The K-M and ROC analysis demonstrated that the model could predict the prognosis well from the areas under the curves (AUCs), which was 0.731. Moreover, the nomogram showed good predictability. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis validated that the model results supported the hypothesis that BMRGs were independent risk factors for ccRCC. Furthermore, immune cell infiltration, immunological checkpoints, TMB, and the half-inhibitory concentration varied considerably between high- and low-risk groups.Conclusion: Employing eight BMRGs to construct a risk model as a prognostic indicator of ccRCC could provide us with a potential progression trajectory as well as predictions of therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weikang Chen
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wu, ; Jian Cai, ; Chaofeng Zhou,
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wu, ; Jian Cai, ; Chaofeng Zhou,
| | - Chaofeng Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Wu, ; Jian Cai, ; Chaofeng Zhou,
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21
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Li X, Singh N, Miller C, Washington I, Sosseh B, Gordon KL. The C. elegans gonadal sheath Sh1 cells extend asymmetrically over a differentiating germ cell population in the proliferative zone. eLife 2022; 11:75497. [PMID: 36094368 PMCID: PMC9467509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caenorhabditis elegans adult hermaphrodite germline is surrounded by a thin tube formed by somatic sheath cells that support germ cells as they mature from the stem-like mitotic state through meiosis, gametogenesis, and ovulation. Recently, we discovered that the distal Sh1 sheath cells associate with mitotic germ cells as they exit the niche Gordon et al., 2020. Here, we report that these sheath-associated germ cells differentiate first in animals with temperature-sensitive mutations affecting germ cell state, and stem-like germ cells are maintained distal to the Sh1 boundary. We analyze several markers of the distal sheath, which is best visualized with endogenously tagged membrane proteins, as overexpressed fluorescent proteins fail to localize to distal membrane processes and can cause gonad morphology defects. However, such reagents with highly variable expression can be used to determine the relative positions of the two Sh1 cells, one of which often extends further distal than the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Noor Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Camille Miller
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - India Washington
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Bintou Sosseh
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kacy Lynn Gordon
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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22
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Lausecker F, Koehler S, Fresquet M, Naylor RW, Tian P, Wanner N, Braun F, Butt L, Huber TB, Lennon R. Integrating basic science with translational research: the 13th International Podocyte Conference 2021. Kidney Int 2022; 102:708-719. [PMID: 35964799 PMCID: PMC9386279 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 13th International Podocyte Conference was held in Manchester, UK, and online from July 28 to 30, 2021. Originally planned for 2020, this biannual meeting was postponed by a year because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and proceeded as an innovative hybrid meeting. In addition to in-person attendance, online registration was offered, and this attracted 490 conference registrations in total. As a Podocyte Conference first, a day for early-career researchers was introduced. This premeeting included talks from graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. It gave early career researchers the opportunity to ask a panel, comprising academic leaders and journal editors, about career pathways and the future for podocyte research. The main meeting over 3 days included a keynote talk and 4 focused sessions each day incorporating invited talks, followed by selected abstract presentations, and an open panel discussion. The conference concluded with a Patient Day, which brought together patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry representatives. The Patient Day was an interactive and diverse day. As well as updates on improving diagnosis and potential new therapies, the Patient Day included a PodoArt competition, exercise and cooking classes with practical nutrition advice, and inspirational stories from patients and family members. This review summarizes the exciting science presented during the 13th International Podocyte Conference and demonstrates the resilience of researchers during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryline Fresquet
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard W Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Pinyuan Tian
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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23
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Jayadev R, Morais MRPT, Ellingford JM, Srinivasan S, Naylor RW, Lawless C, Li AS, Ingham JF, Hastie E, Chi Q, Fresquet M, Koudis NM, Thomas HB, O’Keefe RT, Williams E, Adamson A, Stuart HM, Banka S, Smedley D, Sherwood DR, Lennon R. A basement membrane discovery pipeline uncovers network complexity, regulators, and human disease associations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2265. [PMID: 35584218 PMCID: PMC9116610 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are ubiquitous extracellular matrices whose composition remains elusive, limiting our understanding of BM regulation and function. By developing a bioinformatic and in vivo discovery pipeline, we define a network of 222 human proteins and their animal orthologs localized to BMs. Network analysis and screening in C. elegans and zebrafish uncovered BM regulators, including ADAMTS, ROBO, and TGFβ. More than 100 BM network genes associate with human phenotypes, and by screening 63,039 genomes from families with rare disorders, we found loss-of-function variants in LAMA5, MPZL2, and MATN2 and show that they regulate BM composition and function. This cross-disciplinary study establishes the immense complexity of BMs and their impact on in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Jayadev
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Mychel R. P. T. Morais
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jamie M. Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sandhya Srinivasan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Richard W. Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anna S. Li
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jack F. Ingham
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Eric Hastie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Maryline Fresquet
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nikki-Maria Koudis
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Huw B. Thomas
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Raymond T. O’Keefe
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emily Williams
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Helen M. Stuart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| | - Genomics England Research Consortium
- William Harvey Research Institute, Charterhouse Square, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - David R. Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
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24
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Morais MRPT, Tian P, Lawless C, Murtuza-Baker S, Hopkinson L, Woods S, Mironov A, Long DA, Gale DP, Zorn TMT, Kimber SJ, Zent R, Lennon R. Kidney organoids recapitulate human basement membrane assembly in health and disease. eLife 2022; 11:73486. [PMID: 35076391 PMCID: PMC8849328 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are complex macromolecular networks underlying all continuous layers of cells. Essential components include collagen IV and laminins, which are affected by human genetic variants leading to a range of debilitating conditions including kidney, muscle, and cerebrovascular phenotypes. We investigated the dynamics of BM assembly in human pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids. We resolved their global BM composition and discovered a conserved temporal sequence in BM assembly that paralleled mammalian fetal kidneys. We identified the emergence of key BM isoforms, which were altered by a pathogenic variant in COL4A5. Integrating organoid, fetal, and adult kidney proteomes, we found dynamic regulation of BM composition through development to adulthood, and with single-cell transcriptomic analysis we mapped the cellular origins of BM components. Overall, we define the complex and dynamic nature of kidney organoid BM assembly and provide a platform for understanding its wider relevance in human development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mychel RPT Morais
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Pinyuan Tian
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Craig Lawless
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Syed Murtuza-Baker
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise Hopkinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr Mironov
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Telma MT Zorn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom,Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
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25
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Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Liu R, Wang S, Pu Y, Yin L. Integrating transcriptomics and behavior tests reveals how the C. elegans responds to copper induced aging. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112494. [PMID: 34265532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) pollution in water and agricultural soil has always been a worldwide concern. This research aims to investigate the health effects of copper exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) under the existing environmental quality standards (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) via lifespan, reproduction, biological markers and transcriptome analysis. The results showed that copper of these two environmental standards shorten the lifespan of nematodes, reduced the brood size, reduced the frequency of pharyngeal pumps and prolonged defecation time as aging-related behaviors, and increased the levels of aging-related markers ROS, MDA and H2O2. There was a certain effect trend for the two exposure concentrations. Further, the possible molecular mechanism of copper-induced aging and reproductive effects on C. elegans was explored. Differential gene expression analysis was performed, and 2332 genes (567 up- and 1765 down-regulated genes) in the 1 mg/L group, 2449 DEGs (724 up- and 1725 down-regulated genes) in the 2 mg/L group in response to copper treatment. The top 20 regulated genes were vit (vit-1, vit-3, vit-4) genes, col genes (col-35, col-72, col-114, col-123, col-164, col-183, col-185), eea-1, him-18 and grl-20, which suggested that cuticle collagen synthesis and yolk expression were disrupted by copper. Analysis of KEGG pathway showed copper exposure widely affects longevity regulation pathways, thereby promoting aging. In summary, the sequencing results extensively and deeply reveal the health hazards of environmentally relevant doses of copper exposure to C. elegans, and behavioral testing verified that copper promoted aging of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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26
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Langthasa J, Sarkar P, Narayanan S, Bhagat R, Vadaparty A, Bhat R. Extracellular matrix mediates moruloid-blastuloid morphodynamics in malignant ovarian spheroids. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000942. [PMID: 34376568 PMCID: PMC8358442 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer metastasizes into peritoneum through dissemination of transformed epithelia as multicellular spheroids. Harvested from the malignant ascites of patients, spheroids exhibit startling features of organization typical to homeostatic glandular tissues: lumen surrounded by smoothly contoured and adhered epithelia. Herein, we demonstrate that cells of specific ovarian cancer lines in suspension, aggregate into dysmorphic solid "moruloid" clusters that permit intercellular movement, cell penetration, and interspheroidal coalescence. Moruloid clusters subsequently mature into "blastuloid" spheroids with smooth contours, a temporally dynamic lumen and immotile cells. Blastuloid spheroids neither coalesce nor allow cell penetration. Ultrastructural examination reveals a basement membrane-like extracellular matrix coat on the surface of blastuloid, but not moruloid, spheroids. Quantitative proteomics reveals down-regulation in ECM protein Fibronectin-1 associated with the moruloid-blastuloid transition; immunocytochemistry also confirms the relocalization of basement membrane ECM proteins: collagen IV and laminin to the surface of blastuloid spheroids. Fibronectin depletion accelerates, and enzymatic basement membrane debridement impairs, lumen formation, respectively. The regulation by ECM dynamics of the morphogenesis of cancer spheroids potentially influences the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimpi Langthasa
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Purba Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shruthi Narayanan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rahul Bhagat
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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27
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Sherwood DR. Basement membrane remodeling guides cell migration and cell morphogenesis during development. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:19-27. [PMID: 34015751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are thin, dense forms of extracellular matrix that underlie or surround most animal tissues. BMs are enormously complex and harbor numerous proteins that provide essential signaling, mechanical, and barrier support for tissues during their development and normal functioning. As BMs are found throughout animal tissues, cells frequently migrate, change shape, and extend processes along BMs. Although sometimes used only as passive surfaces by cells, studies in developmental contexts are finding that BMs are often actively modified to help guide cell motility and cell morphogenesis. Here, I provide an overview of recent work revealing how BMs are remodeled in remarkably diverse ways to direct cell migration, cell orientation, axon guidance, and dendrite branching events during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham 27710, USA.
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28
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Amran A, Pigatto L, Pocock R, Gopal S. Functions of the extracellular matrix in development: Lessons from Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110006. [PMID: 33857577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-extracellular matrix interactions are crucial for the development of an organism from the earliest stages of embryogenesis. The main constituents of the extracellular matrix are collagens, laminins, proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans that form a network of interactions. The extracellular matrix and its associated molecules provide developmental cues and structural support from the outside of cells during development. The complex nature of the extracellular matrix and its ability for continuous remodeling poses challenges when investigating extracellular matrix-based signaling during development. One way to address these challenges is to employ invertebrate models such as Caenorhabditis elegans, which are easy to genetically manipulate and have an invariant developmental program. C. elegans also expresses fewer extracellular matrix protein isoforms and exhibits reduced redundancy compared to mammalian models, thus providing a simpler platform for exploring development. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the extracellular matrix controls the development of neurons, muscles and the germline in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqilah Amran
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lara Pigatto
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sandeep Gopal
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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29
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EPB41L5 controls podocyte extracellular matrix assembly by adhesome-dependent force transmission. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108883. [PMID: 33761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the kidney filtration barrier essentially relies on the balanced interplay of podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we show by analysis of in vitro and in vivo models that a loss of the podocyte-specific FERM-domain protein EPB41L5 results in impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. By using quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretome and matrisome, we demonstrate a shift in ECM composition characterized by diminished deposition of core GBM components, such as LAMA5. Integrin adhesome proteomics reveals that EPB41L5 recruits PDLIM5 and ACTN4 to integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). Consecutively, EPB41L5 knockout podocytes show insufficient maturation of integrin adhesion sites, which translates into impaired force transmission and ECM assembly. These observations build the framework for a model in which EPB41L5 functions as a cell-type-specific regulator of the podocyte adhesome and controls a localized adaptive module in order to prevent podocyte detachment and thereby ensures GBM integrity.
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30
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Xu Y, Kirchner M. Collagen Mimetic Peptides. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:5. [PMID: 33466358 PMCID: PMC7824840 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first synthesis in the late 1960s, collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) have been used as a molecular tool to study collagen, and as an approach to develop novel collagen mimetic biomaterials. Collagen, a major extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, plays vital roles in many physiological and pathogenic processes. Applications of CMPs have advanced our understanding of the structure and molecular properties of a collagen triple helix-the building block of collagen-and the interactions of collagen with important molecular ligands. The accumulating knowledge is also paving the way for developing novel CMPs for biomedical applications. Indeed, for the past 50 years, CMP research has been a fast-growing, far-reaching interdisciplinary field. The major development and achievement of CMPs were documented in a few detailed reviews around 2010. Here, we provided a brief overview of what we have learned about CMPs-their potential and their limitations. We focused on more recent developments in producing heterotrimeric CMPs, and CMPs that can form collagen-like higher order molecular assemblies. We also expanded the traditional view of CMPs to include larger designed peptides produced using recombinant systems. Studies using recombinant peptides have provided new insights on collagens and promoted progress in the development of collagen mimetic fibrillar self-assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA;
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31
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Roy S, Kim D. Retinal capillary basement membrane thickening: Role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 82:100903. [PMID: 32950677 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular basement membrane (BM) thickening has been hailed over half a century as the most prominent histological lesion in diabetic microangiopathy, and represents an early ultrastructural change in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Although vascular complications of DR have been clinically well established, specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying dysfunction of small vessels are not well understood. In DR, small vessels develop insidiously as BM thickening occurs. Studies examining high resolution imaging data have established BM thickening as one of the foremost structural abnormalities of retinal capillaries. This fundamental structural change develops, at least in part, from excess accumulation of BM components. Although BM thickening is closely associated with the development of DR, its contributory role in the pathogenesis of DR is coming to light recently. DR develops over several years before clinical manifestations appear, and it is during this clinically silent period that hyperglycemia induces excess synthesis of BM components, contributes to vascular BM thickening, and promotes structural and functional lesions including cell death and vascular leakage in the diabetic retina. Studies using animal models show promising results in preventing BM thickening with subsequent beneficial effects. Several gene regulatory approaches are being developed to prevent excess synthesis of vascular BM components in an effort to reduce BM thickening. This review highlights current understanding of capillary BM thickening development, role of BM thickening in retinal vascular lesions, and strategies for preventing vascular BM thickening as a potential therapeutic strategy in alleviating characteristic lesions associated with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayon Roy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dongjoon Kim
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Abstract
The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) is a key component of the glomerular capillary wall and is essential for kidney filtration. The major components of the GBM include laminins, type IV collagen, nidogens and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In addition, the GBM harbours a number of other structural and regulatory components and provides a reservoir for growth factors. New technologies have improved our ability to study the composition and assembly of basement membranes. We now know that the GBM is a complex macromolecular structure that undergoes key transitions during glomerular development. Defects in GBM components are associated with a range of hereditary human diseases such as Alport syndrome, which is caused by defects in the genes COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5, and Pierson syndrome, which is caused by variants in LAMB2. In addition, the GBM is affected by acquired autoimmune disorders and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Current treatments for diseases associated with GBM involvement aim to reduce intraglomerular pressure and to treat the underlying cause where possible. As our understanding about the maintenance and turnover of the GBM improves, therapies to replace GBM components or to stimulate GBM repair could translate into new therapies for patients with GBM-associated disease.
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33
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Recent Advances in the Genetic, Anatomical, and Environmental Regulation of the C. elegans Germ Line Progenitor Zone. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8030014. [PMID: 32707774 PMCID: PMC7559772 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8030014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The C. elegans germ line and its gonadal support cells are well studied from a developmental genetics standpoint and have revealed many foundational principles of stem cell niche biology. Among these are the observations that a niche-like cell supports a self-renewing stem cell population with multipotential, differentiating daughter cells. While genetic features that distinguish stem-like cells from their differentiating progeny have been defined, the mechanisms that structure these populations in the germ line have yet to be explained. The spatial restriction of Notch activation has emerged as an important genetic principle acting in the distal germ line. Synthesizing recent findings, I present a model in which the germ stem cell population of the C. elegans adult hermaphrodite can be recognized as two distinct anatomical and genetic populations. This review describes the recent progress that has been made in characterizing the undifferentiated germ cells and gonad anatomy, and presents open questions in the field and new directions for research to pursue.
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Gordon KL, Zussman JW, Li X, Miller C, Sherwood DR. Stem cell niche exit in C. elegans via orientation and segregation of daughter cells by a cryptic cell outside the niche. eLife 2020; 9:e56383. [PMID: 32692313 PMCID: PMC7467730 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside in and rely upon their niche to maintain stemness but must balance self-renewal with the production of daughters that leave the niche to differentiate. We discovered a mechanism of stem cell niche exit in the canonical C. elegans distal tip cell (DTC) germ stem cell niche mediated by previously unobserved, thin, membranous protrusions of the adjacent somatic gonad cell pair (Sh1). A disproportionate number of germ cell divisions were observed at the DTC-Sh1 interface. Stem-like and differentiating cell fates segregated across this boundary. Spindles polarized, pairs of daughter cells oriented between the DTC and Sh1, and Sh1 grew over the Sh1-facing daughter. Impeding Sh1 growth by RNAi to cofilin and Arp2/3 perturbed the DTC-Sh1 interface, reduced germ cell proliferation, and shifted a differentiation marker. Because Sh1 membrane protrusions eluded detection for decades, it is possible that similar structures actively regulate niche exit in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacy L Gordon
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Jay W Zussman
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Camille Miller
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Regeneration Next, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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Keeley DP, Hastie E, Jayadev R, Kelley LC, Chi Q, Payne SG, Jeger JL, Hoffman BD, Sherwood DR. Comprehensive Endogenous Tagging of Basement Membrane Components Reveals Dynamic Movement within the Matrix Scaffolding. Dev Cell 2020; 54:60-74.e7. [PMID: 32585132 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are supramolecular matrices built on laminin and type IV collagen networks that provide structural and signaling support to tissues. BM complexity, however, has hindered an understanding of its formation, dynamics, and regulation. Using genome editing, we tagged 29 BM matrix components and receptors in C. elegans with mNeonGreen. Here, we report a common template that initiates BM formation, which rapidly diversifies during tissue differentiation. Through photobleaching studies, we show that BMs are not static-surprisingly, many matrix proteins move within the laminin and collagen scaffoldings. Finally, quantitative imaging, conditional knockdown, and optical highlighting indicate that papilin, a poorly studied glycoprotein, is the most abundant component in the gonadal BM, where it facilitates type IV collagen removal during BM expansion and tissue growth. Together, this work introduces methods for holistic investigation of BM regulation and reveals that BMs are highly dynamic and capable of rapid change to support tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Keeley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Eric Hastie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ranjay Jayadev
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura C Kelley
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiuyi Chi
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sara G Payne
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan L Jeger
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brenton D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Ngandu Mpoyi E, Cantini M, Sin YY, Fleming L, Zhou DW, Costell M, Lu Y, Kadler K, García AJ, Van Agtmael T, Salmeron-Sanchez M. Material-driven fibronectin assembly rescues matrix defects due to mutations in collagen IV in fibroblasts. Biomaterials 2020; 252:120090. [PMID: 32413593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialised extracellular matrices that provide structural support to tissues as well as influence cell behaviour and signalling. Mutations in COL4A1/COL4A2, a major BM component, cause a familial form of eye, kidney and cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, while common variants in these genes are a risk factor for intracerebral haemorrhage in the general population. These phenotypes are associated with matrix defects, due to mutant protein incorporation in the BM and/or its absence by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention. However, the effects of these mutations on matrix stiffness, the contribution of the matrix to the disease mechanism(s) and its effects on the biology of cells harbouring a collagen IV mutation remain poorly understood. To shed light on this, we employed synthetic polymer biointerfaces, poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) coated with ECM proteins laminin or fibronectin (FN), to generate controlled microenvironments and investigate their effects on the cellular phenotype of primary fibroblasts harbouring a COL4A2+/G702D mutation. FN nanonetworks assembled on PEA induced increased deposition and assembly of collagen IV in COL4A2+/G702D cells, which was associated with reduced ER size and enhanced levels of protein chaperones such as BIP, suggesting increased protein folding capacity of the cell. FN nanonetworks on PEA also partially rescued the reduced stiffness of the deposited matrix and cells, and enhanced cell adhesion through increased actin-myosin contractility, effectively rescuing some of the cellular phenotypes associated with COL4A1/4A2 mutations. The mechanism by which FN nanonetworks enhanced the cell phenotype involved integrin β1-mediated signalling. Collectively, these results suggest that biomaterials and enhanced integrin signalling via assembled FN are able to shape the matrix and cellular phenotype of the COL4A2+/G702D mutation in patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Ngandu Mpoyi
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Yuan Yan Sin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Lauren Fleming
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Dennis W Zhou
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de València, Doctor Moliner s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Yinhui Lu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karl Kadler
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tom Van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Pastor-Pareja JC. Atypical basement membranes and basement membrane diversity - what is normal anyway? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/8/jcs241794. [PMID: 32317312 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.241794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of basement membranes (BMs) played an essential role in the organization of animal cells into tissues and diversification of body plans. The archetypal BM is a compact extracellular matrix polymer containing laminin, nidogen, collagen IV and perlecan (LNCP matrix) tightly packed into a homogenously thin planar layer. Contrasting this clear-cut morphological and compositional definition, there are numerous examples of LNCP matrices with unusual characteristics that deviate from this planar organization. Furthermore, BM components are found in non-planar matrices that are difficult to categorize as BMs at all. In this Review, I discuss examples of atypical BM organization. First, I highlight atypical BM structures in human tissues before describing the functional dissection of a plethora of BMs and BM-related structures in their tissue contexts in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster To conclude, I summarize our incipient understanding of the mechanisms that provide morphological, compositional and functional diversity to BMs. It is becoming increasingly clear that atypical BMs are quite prevalent, and that even typical planar BMs harbor a lot of diversity that we do not yet comprehend.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Pastor-Pareja
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
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Hastie E, Sellers R, Valan B, Sherwood DR. A Scalable CURE Using a CRISPR/Cas9 Fluorescent Protein Knock-In Strategy in Caenorhabditis elegans. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2019; 20:jmbe-20-60. [PMID: 31890079 PMCID: PMC6914349 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.v20i3.1847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9 technology has advanced from the lab bench to clinical application with multiple trials underway. This article introduces a course-based undergraduate experience (CURE) combining CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing (using a modified two-plasmid system) and the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. This CURE is designed to be a scalable, semester-long laboratory that will introduce the students to literature searches, molecular biology, experiment planning, microscopy, CRISPR bioethics discussion, and scientific writing. Here, students challenged themselves to endogenously tag the C. elegans gene zmp-4, a matrix metalloproteinase enzyme, with a fluorescent protein marker and successfully generated a new worm strain. The knock-in was confirmed with genotyping and imaging and will be available for use by the entire worm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hastie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Ryan Sellers
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Bruno Valan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - David R. Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
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Integrins Have Cell-Type-Specific Roles in the Development of Motor Neuron Connectivity. J Dev Biol 2019; 7:jdb7030017. [PMID: 31461926 PMCID: PMC6787651 DOI: 10.3390/jdb7030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of the nervous system requires a complex series of events including proper extension and guidance of neuronal axons and dendrites. Here we investigate the requirement for integrins, a class of transmembrane cell adhesion receptors, in regulating these processes across classes of C. elegans motor neurons. We show α integrin/ina-1 is expressed by both GABAergic and cholinergic motor neurons. Despite this, our analysis of hypomorphic ina-1(gm144) mutants indicates preferential involvement of α integrin/ina-1 in GABAergic commissural development, without obvious involvement in cholinergic commissural development. The defects in GABAergic commissures of ina-1(gm144) mutants included both premature termination and guidance errors and were reversed by expression of wild type ina-1 under control of the native ina-1 promoter. Our results also show that α integrin/ina-1 is important for proper outgrowth and guidance of commissures from both embryonic and post-embryonic born GABAergic motor neurons, indicating an ongoing requirement for integrin through two phases of GABAergic neuron development. Our findings provide insights into neuron-specific roles for integrin that would not be predicted based solely upon expression analysis.
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