1
|
Vegetation ecology: theory, methods and applications with reference to Fennoscandia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/som-1990-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
2
|
Hovick SM, Whitney KD. Propagule pressure and genetic diversity enhance colonization by a ruderal species: a multi‐generation field experiment. ECOL MONOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Hovick
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio 43210 USA
| | - Kenneth D. Whitney
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Powell AJ, Jacobson DJ, Salter L, Natvig DO. Variation among natural isolates ofNeurosporaon small spatial scales. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2004.11833040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Powell
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - David J. Jacobson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Laura Salter
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Donald O. Natvig
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Preciado I, Punzón A, Velasco F. Spatio-temporal variability in the cannibalistic behaviour of European hake Merluccius merluccius: the influence of recruit abundance and prey availability. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1319-1334. [PMID: 25846856 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cannibalistic behaviour of European hake Merluccius merluccius was studied through the analysis of 49 836 gut contents belonging to individuals from 6 to 82 cm in total length (L(T)). Samples were collected every autumn between 1993 and 2009. The results showed that the consumption of conspecific individuals was consistent over space and time. The abundance, spatial distribution patterns and L(T) structure of M. merluccius recruits were the main variables involved in M. merluccius cannibalism. A geographical pattern was found since increasing cannibalism was observed in areas of recruit aggregations. The L(T) spectrum of recruits in autumn was also a key factor and dependent on the spawning period. When adults spawned from late spring to summer, an increasing cannibalism trend was found in autumn, due to the ideal size structure of the prey (M. merluccius recruits) for predators. Depth was also a significant variable, and a cannibal peak was detected at depths ranging between 50 and 200 m, coinciding with a spatial overlap of predator (pre-adults) and prey (recruits). The cannibalistic behaviour of M. merluccius began at c. 12 cm, although 75% were mid-sized individuals between 16 and 30 cm. Additionally, 90% of prey-hake were recruits <18·5 cm. Some biological and ecological aspects such as growth rate, spawning period, predation and competition interactions and the effect of some oceanographic events on M. merluccius cannibalism are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Preciado
- IEO Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Promontorio San Martín, s/n, P. O. Box 240, 39080 Santander, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Appreciation of ecology as a setting or stage for evolution has a long history, but evolutionary ecology became an identifiable discipline in the 1960's, growing mostly out of efforts to understand the evolution of life history components and to formulate a theory of community ecology based on the evolution of species' niches. Since the 1960's, technological advances and conceptual developments, especially the use of null hypotheses and an appreciation of the effects of evolutionary history and Earth history on current patterns, have altered and expanded evolutionary ecology. Many challenging questions remain poorly answered, especially the pressing question of how successful ongoing and future evolution will be in rescuing species from anthropogenic climate change and other human assaults on the natural world.
Collapse
|
6
|
Josefson AB. Distribution of diversity and functional groups of marine benthic infauna in the Skagerrak (eastern North Sea) - Can larval availability affect diversity? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00364827.1985.10419680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
7
|
Chase JM, Myers JA. Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic processes across scales. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011; 366:2351-63. [PMID: 21768151 PMCID: PMC3130433 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deterministic theories in community ecology suggest that local, niche-based processes, such as environmental filtering, biotic interactions and interspecific trade-offs largely determine patterns of species diversity and composition. In contrast, more stochastic theories emphasize the importance of chance colonization, random extinction and ecological drift. The schisms between deterministic and stochastic perspectives, which date back to the earliest days of ecology, continue to fuel contemporary debates (e.g. niches versus neutrality). As illustrated by the pioneering studies of Robert H. MacArthur and co-workers, resolution to these debates requires consideration of how the importance of local processes changes across scales. Here, we develop a framework for disentangling the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes in generating site-to-site variation in species composition (β-diversity) along ecological gradients (disturbance, productivity and biotic interactions) and among biogeographic regions that differ in the size of the regional species pool. We illustrate how to discern the importance of deterministic processes using null-model approaches that explicitly account for local and regional factors that inherently create stochastic turnover. By embracing processes across scales, we can build a more synthetic framework for understanding how niches structure patterns of biodiversity in the face of stochastic processes that emerge from local and biogeographic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Chase
- Department of Biology and Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Lipcius RN, Eggleston DB, Schreiber SJ, Seitz RD, Shen J, Sisson M, Stockhausen WT, Wang HV. Importance of Metapopulation Connectivity to Restocking and Restoration of Marine Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10641260701812574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
10
|
Clark CJ, Poulsen JR, Levey DJ, Osenberg CW. Are Plant Populations Seed Limited? A Critique and Meta‐Analysis of Seed Addition Experiments. Am Nat 2007; 170:128-42. [PMID: 17853997 DOI: 10.1086/518565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We examine the relative importance of processes that underlie plant population abundance and distribution. Two opposing views dominate the field. One posits that the ability to establish at a site is determined by the availability of suitable microsites (establishment limitation), while the second asserts that recruitment is limited by the availability of seeds (seed limitation). An underlying problem is that establishment and seed limitation are typically viewed as mutually exclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of seed addition experiments to assess the relative strength of establishment and seed limitation to seedling recruitment. We asked (1) To what degree are populations seed and establishment limited? (2) Under what conditions (e.g., habitats and life-history traits) are species more or less limited by each? (3) How can seed addition studies be better designed to enhance our understanding of plant recruitment? We found that, in keeping with previous studies, most species are seed limited. However, the effects of seed addition are typically small, and most added seeds fail to recruit to the seedling stage. As a result, establishment limitation is stronger than seed limitation. Seed limitation was greater for large-seeded species, species in disturbed microsites, and species with relatively short-lived seed banks. Most seed addition experiments cannot assess the relationship between number of seeds added and number of subsequent recruits. This shortcoming can be overcome by increasing the number and range of seed addition treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C J Clark
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
For species that have an open population structure, local population size may be strongly influenced by a combination of propagule supply and post-settlement survival. While it is widely recognized that supply of larvae (or recruits) is variable and that variable recruitment may affect the relative contribution of pre- and post-settlement factors, less effort has been made to quantify how variation in the strength of post-settlement mortality (particularly density-dependent mortality) will affect the importance of processes that determine population size. In this study, I examined the effects of habitat complexity on mortality of blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) within nearshore reefs off central California. I first tested whether variation in habitat complexity (measured as three-dimensional complexity of rocky substrate) affected the magnitude of both density-independent and density-dependent mortality. I then used limitation analysis to quantify how variation in habitat complexity alters the relative influence of recruitment, density-independent mortality, and density-dependent mortality in determining local population size. Increased habitat complexity was associated with a reduction in both density-independent and density-dependent mortality. At low levels of habitat complexity, limitation analysis revealed that mortality was strong and recruitment had relatively little influence on population size. However, as habitat complexity increased, recruitment became more important. At the highest levels of habitat complexity, limitation by recruitment was substantial, although density-dependent mortality was ultimately the largest constraint on population size. In high-complexity habitats, population dynamics may strongly reflect variation in recruitment even though fluctuations may be dampened by density-dependent mortality. By affecting both density-independent and density-dependent mortality, variation in habitat complexity may result in qualitative changes in the dynamics of populations. These findings suggest that the relative importance of pre- vs. post-settlement factors may be determined by quantifiable habitat features, rather than ambient recruitment level alone. Because the magnitude of recruitment fluctuations can affect species coexistence and the persistence of populations, habitat-driven changes in population dynamics may have important consequences for both community structure and population viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren W Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kritzer JP, Davies CR. Demographic variation within spatially structured reef fish populations: when are larger-bodied subpopulations more important? Ecol Modell 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Mouquet N, Loreau M. Community Patterns in Source‐Sink Metacommunities. Am Nat 2003; 162:544-57. [PMID: 14618534 DOI: 10.1086/378857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2002] [Accepted: 05/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We present a model of a source-sink competitive metacommunity, defined as a regional set of communities in which local diversity is maintained by dispersal. Although the conditions of local and regional coexistence have been well defined in such systems, no study has attempted to provide clear predictions of classical community-wide patterns. Here we provide predictions for species richness, species relative abundances, and community-level functional properties (productivity and space occupation) at the local and regional scales as functions of the proportion of dispersal between communities. Local (alpha) diversity is maximal at an intermediate level of dispersal, whereas between-community (beta) and regional (gamma) diversity decline as dispersal increases because of increased homogenization of the metacommunity. The relationships between local and regional species richness and the species rank abundance distributions are strongly affected by the level of dispersal. Local productivity and space occupation tend to decline as dispersal increases, resulting in either a hump-shaped or a positive relationship between species richness and productivity, depending on the scale considered (local or regional). These effects of dispersal are buffered by decreasing species dispersal success. Our results provide a niche-based alternative to the recent neutral-metacommunity model and have important implications for conservation biology and landscape management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mouquet
- Department of Biological Science and School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Robertson DR. Competitive ability and the potential for lotteries among territorial reef fishes. Oecologia 1995; 103:180-190. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00329078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/1994] [Accepted: 03/13/1995] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
|
19
|
Fogarty MJ, Sissenwine MP, Cohen EB. Recruitment variability and the dynamics of exploited marine populations. Trends Ecol Evol 1991; 6:241-6. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(91)90069-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
20
|
Carter C, Grove D, Carter D. Trophic resource partitioning between two coexisting flatfish species off the North coast of Anglesey, North Wales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0077-7579(91)90035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Moloney KA. The local distribution of a perennial bunchgrass: biotic or abiotic control? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00049140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
22
|
Silvertown J, Law R. Do plants need niches? Some recent developments in plant community ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 1987; 2:24-6. [DOI: 10.1016/0169-5347(87)90197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Coexistence of competitors in spatially and temporally varying environments: A look at the combined effects of different sorts of variability. Theor Popul Biol 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-5809(85)90030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
El Ni�o mass coral mortality: a test of resource limitation in a coral reef damselfish population. Oecologia 1985; 68:15-19. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00379466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/1985] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
|