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Siracusano M, Dante C, Sarnataro R, Arturi L, Riccioni A, Carloni E, Cicala M, Gialloreti LE, Galasso C, Conteduca G, Coviello D, Mazzone L. A longitudinal characterization of the adaptive and behavioral profile in Sotos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63553. [PMID: 38318994 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Delineation of a developmental and behavioral trajectory is a key-topic in the context of a genetic syndrome. Short- and long-term implications concerning school outcome, independent living, and working opportunities are strictly linked to the cognitive and behavioral profile of an individual. For the first time, we present a longitudinal characterization of the adaptive and behavioral profile of a pediatric sample of 32 individuals with Sotos Syndrome (SoS) (18 males, 14 females; mean age 9.7 ± 4 years, eight carrying the NSD1 5q35 microdeletion and 24 with an intragenic mutation). We performed two clinical assessments: at baseline (T0) and at distance evaluation (T1) of adaptive and behavioral skills with a mean distance of 1.56 ± 0.95 years among timepoints. Our study reports a stability over the years-meant as lack of statistically significant clinical worsening or improvement-of both adaptive and behavioral skills investigated, regardless the level of Intellectual Quotient and chronological age at baseline. However, participants who did not discontinue intervention among T0 and T1, were characterized by a better clinical profile in terms of adaptive skills and behavioral profile at distance, emphasizing that uninterrupted intervention positively contributes to the developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Siracusano
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Dante
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Sarnataro
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Arturi
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Assia Riccioni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Carloni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Cicala
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Galasso
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Bostanova F, Levchenko O, Sharova M, Semenova N. Clinical Case of Mild Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome Caused by a Nonsense Variant in DNMT3A Gene. Clin Pract 2024; 14:928-933. [PMID: 38804405 PMCID: PMC11130837 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract14030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in the DNMT3A gene, which is an important participant in epigenetic regulation, especially during embryonic development, and is highly expressed in all tissues. The main features of the syndrome are high growth, macrocephaly, intellectual disability, and facial dysmorphic features. We present a clinical case of Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome in a ten-year-old boy with macrocephaly with learning difficulties, progressive eye impairment, and fatigue suspected by a deep learning-based diagnosis assistance system, Face2Gene. The proband underwent whole-exome sequencing, which revealed a recurrent nonsense variant in the 12th exon of the DNMT3A, leading to the formation of a premature stop codon-NM_022552.5:c.1443C>A (p.Tyr481Ter), in a heterozygous state. This variant was not found in parents, confirming its de novo status. The patient case described here contributes to the understanding of the clinical diversity of Tatton-Brown-Raman syndrome with a mild clinical presentation that expands the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. We report the first recurrent nonsense variant in the DNMT3A gene, suggesting a mutational hot-spot. Differential diagnoses of this syndrome with Sotos syndrome, Weaver syndrome, and Cowden syndrome, as well as molecular confirmation, are extremely important, since the presence of certain types of pathogenic variants in the DNMT3A gene significantly increases the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia.
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Ren Z, Yue L, Hu HY, Hou XL, Chen WQ, Tan Y, Dong Z, Zhang J. Identification of Novel NSD1 variations in four Pediatric cases with sotos Syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:116. [PMID: 38684994 PMCID: PMC11059674 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sotos syndrome (SOTOS) is an uncommon genetic condition that manifests itself with the following distinctive features: prenatal overgrowth, facial abnormalities, and intellectual disability. This disorder is often associated with haploinsufficiency of the nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1)gene. We investigated four pediatric cases characterized by early-onset overgrowth and developmental delay. The primary objective of this study was to achieve accurate genetic diagnoses. DESIGN&METHODS A sequential analysis approach comprising chromosomal karyotyping, whole exome sequencing, and microarray analysis was conducted. RESULTS All four cases exhibited variations in the NSD1 gene, with the identification of four previously unreported de novo variants, each specific to one case.Specifically, Case 1 carried the NSD1 (NM_022455): c.2686 C > T(p.Q896X) variant, Case 2 had the NSD1 (NM_022455): c.2858_2859delCT(p.S953X) variant, Case 3 displayed a chromosomal aberration, chr5: 5q35.2q35.3(176,516,604-176,639,249)×1, which encompassed the 5'-untranslated region of NSD1, and Case 4 harbored the NSD1 (NM_022455): c.6397T > G(p.C2133G) variant. CONCLUSION This study not only provided precise diagnoses for these cases but also supplied significant evidence to facilitate informed consultations. Furthermore, our findings expanded the spectrum of mutations associated with SOTOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Rehabilitation, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua-Ying Hu
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Hou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 16 Tangu-North Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 16 Tangu-North Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 16 Tangu-North Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Conteduca G, Baldo C, Arado A, da Silva JSM, Testa B, Baldassari S, Zara F, Filaci G, Coviello D, Malacarne M. Generation of IGGi003-A induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with Sotos Syndrome carrying c.1633delA NSD1 variant in exon 5. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103324. [PMID: 38301425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome (SoS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that results from NSD1 mutations that cause haploinsufficiency of NSD1. Here, we generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from fibroblasts of a SoS patient carrying the pathogenic variant (c.1633delA). The cell line shows typical iPSC morphology, high expression of pluripotent markers, normal karyotype, and it differentiates into three germ layers in vitro. This line is a valuable resource for studying pathological pathways involved in SoS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Arado
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Testa
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Gilberto Filaci
- Biotherapy Unit, IRCCS San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Department of internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
| | - Michela Malacarne
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Yue X, Liu B, Han T, Guo D, Ding R, Wang G. The first pineoblastoma case report of a patient with Sotos syndrome harboring NSD1 germline mutation. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:166. [PMID: 38459438 PMCID: PMC10921566 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations of NSD1 are associated with Sotos syndrome, characterized by distinctive facial features, overgrowth, and developmental delay. Approximately 3% of individuals with Sotos syndrome develop tumors. In this study, we describe an infant in pineoblastoma with facial anomalies, learning disability and mild autism at 1 years diagnosed as Sotos syndrome owing to carrying a novel mutation de novo germline NSD1 likely pathogenic variant. This patient expands both the mutation and phenotype spectrum of the Sotos Syndrome and provides new clinical insights into the potential mechanism of underlying pinealoblastoma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizan Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 2 Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 2 Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Didi Guo
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Ding
- The State Key Lab of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
- The Medical Department, Jiangsu Simcere Diagnostics Co., Ltd, Nanjing Simcere Medical Laboratory Science Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1 Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 2 Jinan Children's Hospital, Jinan, China.
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Schnee P, Pleiss J, Jeltsch A. Approaching the catalytic mechanism of protein lysine methyltransferases by biochemical and simulation techniques. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024:1-49. [PMID: 38449437 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2318547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) transfer up to three methyl groups to the side chains of lysine residues in proteins and fulfill important regulatory functions by controlling protein stability, localization and protein/protein interactions. The methylation reactions are highly regulated, and aberrant methylation of proteins is associated with several types of diseases including neurologic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer. This review describes novel insights into the catalytic machinery of various PKMTs achieved by the combined application of biochemical experiments and simulation approaches during the last years, focusing on clinically relevant and well-studied enzymes of this group like DOT1L, SMYD1-3, SET7/9, G9a/GLP, SETD2, SUV420H2, NSD1/2, different MLLs and EZH2. Biochemical experiments have unraveled many mechanistic features of PKMTs concerning their substrate and product specificity, processivity and the effects of somatic mutations observed in PKMTs in cancer cells. Structural data additionally provided information about the substrate recognition, enzyme-substrate complex formation, and allowed for simulations of the substrate peptide interaction and mechanism of PKMTs with atomistic resolution by molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. These simulation technologies uncovered important mechanistic details of the PKMT reaction mechanism including the processes responsible for the deprotonation of the target lysine residue, essential conformational changes of the PKMT upon substrate binding, but also rationalized regulatory principles like PKMT autoinhibition. Further developments are discussed that could bring us closer to a mechanistic understanding of catalysis of this important class of enzymes in the near future. The results described here illustrate the power of the investigation of enzyme mechanisms by the combined application of biochemical experiments and simulation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schnee
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pleiss
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Bornstein E, Reiss S, Malinger G. Prenatal characterization of novel neurosonographic findings in a fetus with SOTOS syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2024; 44:360-363. [PMID: 38152001 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that occurs in less than 1 in 10,000 births. It is characterized by rapid growth during childhood (tall stature and unusually large head), typical facial dysmorphic features, neurodevelopmental delays of both mental and movement abilities, and learning disabilities. Prenatal diagnosis of Sotos syndrome is infrequent and sonographic findings are not well characterized as the condition is generally detected during childhood. We present a case in which routine third trimester ultrasound detected intracranial findings including ventriculomegaly, periventricular pseudocysts, and increased periventricular echogenicity. Although initially suspected to be the result of fetal infection with CMV, amniocentesis excluded fetal infection and microarray analysis detected a de novo 2.13 MB interstitial deletion of 5q35.2-35.3 involving several genes including the NSD1 gene, thus confirming the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome. This case provides novel characterization of the sonographic phenotype in a fetus with Sotos syndrome and discusses the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Bornstein
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of OBGYN, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Reiss
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of OBGYN, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gustavo Malinger
- Division of OBGYN Ultrasound, Lis Women's and Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Frattale I, Sarnataro R, Siracusano M, Riccioni A, Galasso C, Valeriani M, Conteduca G, Coviello D, Mazzone L, Moavero R. Sleep disturbances and behavioral symptoms in pediatric Sotos syndrome. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1360055. [PMID: 38434199 PMCID: PMC10904657 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1360055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sotos syndrome (SoS) is a rare overgrowth genetic disease caused by intragenic mutations or microdeletions of the NSD1 gene located on chromosome 5q35. SoS population might present cognitive impairment and a spectrum of behavioral characteristics, with a worse profile in patients with microdeletion. Although patients with SoS are known to have impaired sleep habits, very little data are available. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders (SDs) in a pediatric cohort of patients with SoS and their correlation with neuropsychiatric profiles. Methods We included patients with a SoS diagnosis and age < 18 years; all patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment, including evaluation of cognition, adaptive functions through the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-Second Edition (ABAS-II), and behavioral problems using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised (CPRS-R:L) questionnaire. To investigate the presence of SD parents, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) was completed. Results Thirty-eight patients (M 61%, F 39%, mean age 11.1 ± 4.65 years) were included in the study. Although only two had a prior SD diagnosis, 71.1% (N = 27) exhibited pathological scores on SDSC. No statistically significant associations were found between positive SDSC results and genetic microdeletion, intellectual disability (ID), or other medical conditions/treatments. However, a positive correlation emerged between SDSC scores and Conners' Global Index (p = 0.048) and Restless/Impulsive (p = 0.01) scores, CBCL externalizing (p = 0.02), internalizing (p = 0.01), and total scores (p = 0.05). Conversely, a negative linear relationship was observed between the SDSC score and the ABAS GAC and ABAS CAD scores (p = 0.025). Conclusion We detected an SD in 71.1% of our sample, with a positive relation between SD and internalizing and externalizing symptom levels, especially hyperactivity and impulsivity. Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of SD in pediatric patients with SoS, highlighting that all patients should be screened for this problem, which has a great impact on the quality of life of patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Frattale
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Sarnataro
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Siracusano
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Assia Riccioni
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Galasso
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Developmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Domenico Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Mazzone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Wellbeing of Mental and Neurological, Dental and Sensory Organ Health, Policlinico Tor Vergata Foundation Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Moavero
- Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Developmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Lui JC, Baron J. Epigenetic Causes of Overgrowth Syndromes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:312-320. [PMID: 37450557 PMCID: PMC11032252 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Human overgrowth disorders are characterized by excessive prenatal and/or postnatal growth of various tissues. These disorders often present with tall stature, macrocephaly, and/or abdominal organomegaly and are sometimes associated with additional phenotypic abnormalities such as intellectual disability and increased cancer risk. As the genetic etiology of these disorders have been elucidated, a surprising pattern has emerged. Multiple monogenic overgrowth syndromes result from variants in epigenetic regulators: variants in histone methyltransferases NSD1 and EZH2 cause Sotos syndrome and Weaver syndrome, respectively, variants in DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A cause Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome, and variants in chromatin remodeler CHD8 cause an autism spectrum disorder with overgrowth. In addition, very recently, a variant in histone reader protein SPIN4 was identified in a new X-linked overgrowth disorder. In this review, we discuss the genetics of these overgrowth disorders and explore possible common underlying mechanisms by which epigenetic pathways regulate human body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian C Lui
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chen S, Zou P, Ge L, Cheng X. Sotos syndrome treated with traditional Chinese medicine and rehabilitation: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36169. [PMID: 38050304 PMCID: PMC10695627 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sotos syndrome is an congenital overgrowth syndrome characterized by the primary features including overgrowth, distinctive facial features, learning disability, and accompanied with various second features. NSD1 deletion or mutation is a major pathogenic cause. Although there are some reports on treatment of this disease worldwide, less cases under treatment have been published in China. PATIENT CONCERNS A 1-year-old boy had macrocephaly, gigantism, excessive high body height, a particular face and delayed development, with a pathogenic gene of NSD1 (NM_022455.5:c.3536delA in exon 5). DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTIONS The child was definitely diagnosed as Sotos syndrome and have 3 months' combination treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and rehabilitation. OUTCOMES The child made a great progress in global development. LESSONS This case firstly describes the traditional Chinese medicine and rehabilitation to treat Sotos syndrome in China. There is no radical cure, but our therapy could improve the prognosis and the life quality of the patient. Therefore, this case provides a reference to the clinical treatment of Sotos syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Children Genetics and Endocrinology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pinfang Zou
- Department of Children Rehabilitation, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Ge
- Department of Children Genetics and Endocrinology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinran Cheng
- Department of Children Genetics and Endocrinology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Liu X, Chen C, Wan L, Zhu G, Zhao Y, Hu L, Liang Y, Gao J, Wang J, Yang G. A novel nonsense variant in NSD1 gene in a female child with Sotos syndrome: A case report and literature review. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3290. [PMID: 37908045 PMCID: PMC10726859 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sotos syndrome (SS) is an overgrowth disease characterized by distinctive facial features, advanced bone age, macrocephaly, and developmental delay is associated with alterations in the NSD1 gene. Here, we report a case of a 4-year-old female child with SS caused by NSD1 gene nonsense mutation. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was applied for probands and her parents. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the mutation. We performed the literature review using PubMed and found 12 articles and 14 patients who presented with SS. RESULTS The patient showed typical facial features of SS, hand deformities, and seizure. WES revealed de novo heterozygous variant: NSD1 (NM_022455.5), c.6095G > A, p.TRP2032*. We also reviewed the phenotype spectrum of 14 patients with SS, who exhibited a variety of clinical phenotypes, including developmental delay, seizures, scoliosis, hearing loss, cardiac and urinary system abnormalities, and so on. DISCUSSION The lack of correlation between mutation sites or types and phenotypes was summarized by literature reviewing. The NSD1 protein contains 14 functional domains and this nonsense mutation was located in SET domain. Early appearance of the termination codon leads to protein truncation. Haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene causes the overgrowth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Liu
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Chen Chen
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lin Wan
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Gang Zhu
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhao
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lizhu Hu
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Yan Liang
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese PLABeijingChina
| | - Jing Gao
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Senior Department of Pediatricsthe Seventh Medical Center of PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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12
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Beard DC, Zhang X, Wu DY, Martin JR, Erickson A, Boua JV, Hamagami N, Swift RG, McCullough KB, Ge X, Bell-Hensley A, Zheng H, Palmer CW, Fuhler NA, Lawrence AB, Hill CA, Papouin T, Noguchi KK, McAlinden A, Garbow JR, Dougherty JD, Maloney SE, Gabel HW. Distinct disease mutations in DNMT3A result in a spectrum of behavioral, epigenetic, and transcriptional deficits. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113411. [PMID: 37952155 PMCID: PMC10843706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders can arise from differential severity of variants underlying disease, but how distinct alleles drive variable disease presentation is not well understood. Here, we investigate missense mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), a DNA methyltransferase associated with overgrowth, intellectual disability, and autism, to uncover molecular correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity. We generate a Dnmt3aP900L/+ mouse mimicking a mutation with mild to moderate severity and compare phenotypic and epigenomic effects with a severe R878H mutation. P900L mutants exhibit core growth and behavioral phenotypes shared across models but show subtle epigenomic changes, while R878H mutants display extensive disruptions. We identify mutation-specific dysregulated genes that may contribute to variable disease severity. Shared transcriptomic disruption identified across mutations overlaps dysregulation observed in other developmental disorder models and likely drives common phenotypes. Together, our findings define central drivers of DNMT3A disorders and illustrate how variable epigenomic disruption contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity in neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Beard
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dennis Y Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenna R Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alyssa Erickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jane Valeriane Boua
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Hamagami
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raylynn G Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine B McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin Bell-Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cory W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole A Fuhler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin B Lawrence
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Cheryl A Hill
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin K Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan E Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Lee S, Menzies L, Hay E, Ochoa E, Docquier F, Rodger F, Deshpande C, Foulds NC, Jacquemont S, Jizi K, Kiep H, Kraus A, Löhner K, Morrison PJ, Popp B, Richardson R, van Haeringen A, Martin E, Toribio A, Li F, Jones WD, Sansbury FH, Maher ER. Epigenotype-genotype-phenotype correlations in SETD1A and SETD2 chromatin disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3123-3134. [PMID: 37166351 PMCID: PMC10630252 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in two genes encoding the lysine-specific histone methyltransferase genes SETD1A and SETD2 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) characterized by developmental delay and congenital anomalies. The SETD1A and SETD2 gene products play a critical role in chromatin-mediated regulation of gene expression. Specific methylation episignatures have been detected for a range of chromatin gene-related NDDs and have impacted clinical practice by improving the interpretation of variant pathogenicity. To investigate if SETD1A and/or SETD2-related NDDs are associated with a detectable episignature, we undertook targeted genome-wide methylation profiling of > 2 M CpGs using a next-generation sequencing-based assay. A comparison of methylation profiles in patients with SETD1A variants (n = 6) did not reveal evidence of a strong methylation episignature. A review of the clinical and genetic features of the SETD2 patient group revealed that, as reported previously, there were phenotypic differences between patients with truncating mutations (n = 4, Luscan-Lumish syndrome; MIM:616831) and those with missense codon 1740 variants [p.Arg1740Trp (n = 4) and p.Arg1740Gln (n = 2)]. Both SETD2 subgroups demonstrated a methylation episignature, which was characterized by hypomethylation and hypermethylation events, respectively. Within the codon 1740 subgroup, both the methylation changes and clinical phenotype were more severe in those with p.Arg1740Trp variants. We also noted that two of 10 cases with a SETD2-NDD had developed a neoplasm. These findings reveal novel epigenotype-genotype-phenotype correlations in SETD2-NDDs and predict a gain-of-function mechanism for SETD2 codon 1740 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lara Menzies
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Eleanor Hay
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Eguzkine Ochoa
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - France Docquier
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Stratified Medicine Core Laboratory NGS Hub, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fay Rodger
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Stratified Medicine Core Laboratory NGS Hub, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola C Foulds
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Services, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khadije Jizi
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Henriette Kiep
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alison Kraus
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Service, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Katharina Löhner
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick J Morrison
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center of Functional Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Richardson
- Northern Genetics Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ezequiel Martin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Stratified Medicine Core Laboratory NGS Hub, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Toribio
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Stratified Medicine Core Laboratory NGS Hub, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fudong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, The School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wendy D Jones
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Francis H Sansbury
- All Wales Medical Genomics Service, NHS Wales Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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14
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Hai X, Liangjie G, Qian Z, Tao L, Hongdan W, Bing K, Ke Y, Qiannan G, Dong W, Shixiu L. Genetic Analysis of a Case of Sotos Syndrome with Suspected Germinal Mosaicism in Mother. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5792-5801. [PMID: 36708490 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study is to identify the pathogenic mutation of a child with Sots syndrome and provide prenatal diagnosis for his pregnant mother. Chromosome microarray technology was used to detect whether there were minor deletions/duplication in patients' chromosomes. The gene mutation of patients was screened by next-generation sequencing technology, and it was verified by Sanger sequencing. Prenatal diagnosis of the fetus was conducted according to the selected pathogenic sites, and genetic counseling was conducted for her parents. Chromosome microarray results showed that there was no minor deletion in a chromosome 5q35 region, and the second-generation sequencing results showed that there was a c.4138delG heterozygous mutation in the patient's NSD1 gene, and the pathogenic of this mutation was not reported in related databases. Sanger sequencing found that there was a c.4138delG heterozygous mutation in the NSD1 gene of the patient and her parents' genotype at this locus was wild type. The prenatal gene test results indicated that there was heterozygous mutation of NSD1 gene c.4138delG in the fetus, so it was suggested to terminate the pregnancy. Gentling results indicated that the fetus and the patient inherited the same maternal chromosome 5. The heterozygous mutation of NSD1 gene c.4138delG is the pathogenic mutation of this Sots syndrome patient, and the mother may be germinal mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hai
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Guo Liangjie
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhang Qian
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Medical Laboratory of Central China Fuwai Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wang Hongdan
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Kang Bing
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Guo Qiannan
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Liao Shixiu
- Medical Genetics Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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15
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Oka A, Inubushi T, Kani R, Yamashiro T. Orthodontic Management of Severe Hypodontia and Impacted Maxillary Second Molars in a Patient with Sotos Syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2023:10556656231201834. [PMID: 37735913 DOI: 10.1177/10556656231201834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by distinct craniofacial features, overgrowth in childhood, and impaired intellectual development. We herein report the successful orthodontic treatment of a 14-year-old boy with Sotos syndrome caused by a heterozygous mutation in the NSD1 gene. He showed severe hypodontia, impaction of the maxillary second molars and a skeletal Class III jaw-base relationship. Orthodontic management, including space control by protraction of the maxillary first molars and traction of the impacted molars, was performed using fixed appliances and miniscrews. As a result, acceptable occlusion was obtained without any discernible relapse 18 months postretention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Oka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inubushi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Renshiro Kani
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Sun Z, Lin Y, Islam MT, Koche R, Hedehus L, Liu D, Huang C, Vierbuchen T, Sawyers CL, Helin K. Chromatin regulation of transcriptional enhancers and cell fate by the Sotos syndrome gene NSD1. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2398-2416.e12. [PMID: 37402365 PMCID: PMC10529604 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET-domain protein 1 (NSD1), a methyltransferase that catalyzes H3K36me2, is essential for mammalian development and is frequently dysregulated in diseases, including Sotos syndrome. Despite the impacts of H3K36me2 on H3K27me3 and DNA methylation, the direct role of NSD1 in transcriptional regulation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that NSD1 and H3K36me2 are enriched at cis-regulatory elements, particularly enhancers. NSD1 enhancer association is conferred by a tandem quadruple PHD (qPHD)-PWWP module, which recognizes p300-catalyzed H3K18ac. By combining acute NSD1 depletion with time-resolved epigenomic and nascent transcriptomic analyses, we demonstrate that NSD1 promotes enhancer-dependent gene transcription by facilitating RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) pause release. Notably, NSD1 can act as a transcriptional coactivator independent of its catalytic activity. Moreover, NSD1 enables the activation of developmental transcriptional programs associated with Sotos syndrome pathophysiology and controls embryonic stem cell (ESC) multilineage differentiation. Collectively, we have identified NSD1 as an enhancer-acting transcriptional coactivator that contributes to cell fate transition and Sotos syndrome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Yuan Lin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohammed T Islam
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lin Hedehus
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dingyu Liu
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Thomas Vierbuchen
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charles L Sawyers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Kristian Helin
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, UK.
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17
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Shi L, McDonald-McGinn DM, Crowley TB, McGinn DE, Tran OT, Miller D, Lin JR, Zackai E, Johnston HR, Chow EWC, Vorstman JAS, Vingerhoets C, van Amelsvoort T, Gothelf D, Swillen A, Breckpot J, Vermeesch JR, Eliez S, Schneider M, van den Bree MBM, Owen MJ, Kates WR, Repetto GM, Shashi V, Schoch K, Bearden CE, Digilio MC, Unolt M, Putotto C, Marino B, Pontillo M, Armando M, Vicari S, Angkustsiri K, Campbell L, Busa T, Heine-Suñer D, Murphy KC, Murphy D, García-Miñaúr S, Fernández L, Zhang ZD, Goldmuntz E, Gur RE, Emanuel BS, Zheng D, Marshall CR, Bassett AS, Wang T, Morrow BE. Chromatin regulators in the TBX1 network confer risk for conotruncal heart defects in 22q11.2DS. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:17. [PMID: 37463940 PMCID: PMC10354062 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) affecting the conotruncal region of the heart, occurs in 40-50% of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). This syndrome is a rare disorder with relative genetic homogeneity that can facilitate identification of genetic modifiers. Haploinsufficiency of TBX1, encoding a T-box transcription factor, is one of the main genes responsible for the etiology of the syndrome. We suggest that genetic modifiers of conotruncal defects in patients with 22q11.2DS may be in the TBX1 gene network. To identify genetic modifiers, we analyzed rare, predicted damaging variants in whole genome sequence of 456 cases with conotruncal defects and 537 controls, with 22q11.2DS. We then performed gene set approaches and identified chromatin regulatory genes as modifiers. Chromatin genes with recurrent damaging variants include EP400, KAT6A, KMT2C, KMT2D, NSD1, CHD7 and PHF21A. In total, we identified 37 chromatin regulatory genes, that may increase risk for conotruncal heart defects in 8.5% of 22q11.2DS cases. Many of these genes were identified as risk factors for sporadic CHD in the general population. These genes are co-expressed in cardiac progenitor cells with TBX1, suggesting that they may be in the same genetic network. The genes KAT6A, KMT2C, CHD7 and EZH2, have been previously shown to genetically interact with TBX1 in mouse models. Our findings indicate that disturbance of chromatin regulatory genes impact the TBX1 gene network serving as genetic modifiers of 22q11.2DS and sporadic CHD, suggesting that there are some shared mechanisms involving the TBX1 gene network in the etiology of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Lijie Shi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Donna M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - T Blaine Crowley
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Oanh T Tran
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Daniella Miller
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jhih-Rong Lin
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - H Richard Johnston
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eva W C Chow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute and Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200, MD, the Netherlands
| | - Doron Gothelf
- The Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Edmond and Lily Sapfra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, 5262000, Israel
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Wendy R Kates
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13202, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13202, USA
| | - Gabriela M Repetto
- Center for Genetics and Genomics, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7710162, Chile
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - M Cristina Digilio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Marta Unolt
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Carolina Putotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Bruno Marino
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Maria Pontillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Marco Armando
- Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Catholic University and Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit at Bambino Gesù Hospital, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Kathleen Angkustsiri
- Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Linda Campbell
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, 2258, Australia
| | - Tiffany Busa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Damian Heine-Suñer
- Genomics of Health and Unit of Molecular Diagnosis and Clinical Genetics, Son Espases University Hospital, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, 505095, Ireland
| | - Declan Murphy
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Behavioral and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, Behavioral Genetics Clinic, National Adult Autism and ADHD Service, South London and Maudsley Foundation National Health Service Trust, London, SE5 8AZ, UK
| | - Sixto García-Miñaúr
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Luis Fernández
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Zhengdong D Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Department of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christian R Marshall
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Anne S Bassett
- Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto General Hospital, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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18
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Lu DF, Tong XM, Liu YF. A Case of Sotos Syndrome in a Preterm Infant with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Congenital Heart Disease. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1111. [PMID: 37508608 PMCID: PMC10378172 DOI: 10.3390/children10071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in the NSD1 gene. In this study, we report a case of Sotos syndrome in a preterm infant. The main clinical manifestations were severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, congenital heart disease, difficulty feeding, and characteristic facial appearance. The gene mutation was located at 177251854 on chromosome 5, and identified as a shear mutation, c.4765+1 G > A, which is a new mutation. The patient recovered well after symptomatic treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a preterm infant in whom a novel c.4765+1 G > A mutation in the NSD1 gene was identified. When premature infants present with abnormally severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, feeding difficulties, and other congenital anomalies, Sotos syndrome should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Fang Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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19
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Won C, Nam K, Ko D, Kang B, Lee IS. NSD Overexpression in the Fat Body Increases Antimicrobial Peptide Production by the Immune Deficiency Pathway in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098443. [PMID: 37176149 PMCID: PMC10179514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) inactivation in tumor cells contributes to an immune-cold phenotype, indicating its potential association with immune disturbances. Drosophila NSD is a homolog of the human NSD1. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effect of NSD overexpression in the fat body, the central organ involved in Drosophila immune responses. Upon ectopic expression of NSD in the fat body, the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides increased. Using reporter constructs containing deletions of various NF-κB sites in the Attacin-A (AttA) promoter, we found that transcriptional activation by NSD is mainly mediated via the IMD pathway by activating Relish. Since the IMD pathway is required to resist Gram-negative bacterial infections, we further examined the effect of fat body-specific NSD overexpression on Drosophila immune defenses. Upon oral ingestion of Gram-negative Pseudomonas entomophila, the survival rate of the NSD-overexpressing larvae was higher than that of the wild type, suggesting a positive role of NSD in immune responses. Taken together, these results suggest the association of NSD with the IMD pathway and is thus expected to contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of immune malfunction in various NSD1-associated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyun Won
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungju Nam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjun Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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20
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Yüksel Ülker A, Uludağ Alkaya D, Çağlayan AO, Usluer E, Aykut A, Aslanger A, Vural M, Tüysüz B. An investigation of the etiology and follow-up findings in 35 children with overgrowth syndromes, including biallelic SUZ12 variant. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1530-1545. [PMID: 36919607 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Overgrowth-intellectual disability (OGID) syndromes are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the molecular etiology and long-term follow-up findings of Turkish OGID cohort. Thirty-five children with OGID were included in the study. Single gene sequencing, clinical exome analysis, chromosomal microarray analysis and whole exome sequencing were performed. Five pathogenic copy number variants were detected in the patients; three of them located on chromosome 5q35.2 (encompassing NSD1), others on 9q22.3 and 22q13.31. In 19 of 35 patients; we identified pathogenic variants in OGID genes associated with epigenetic regulation, NSD1 (n = 15), HIST1H1E (n = 1), SETD1B (n = 1), and SUZ12 (n = 2). The pathogenic variants in PIK3CA (n = 2), ABCC9 (n = 1), GPC4 (n = 2), FIBP (n = 1), and TMEM94 (n = 1) which had a role in other growth pathways were detected in seven patients. The diagnostic yield was 31/35(88%). Twelve pathogenic variants were novel. The common facial feature of the patients was prominent forehead. The patients with Sotos syndrome were observed to have milder intellectual disability than patients with other OGID syndromes. In conclusion, this study showed, for the first time, that biallelic variants of SUZ12 caused Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome, monoallelic variants in SETDIB resulted in OGID. Besides expanded the phenotypes of very rare OGID syndromes caused by FIBP and TMEM94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Yüksel Ülker
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Okay Çağlayan
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Esra Usluer
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aykut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aslanger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Bezmialem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Vural
- Department of Neonatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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van der Lugt NM, Weerts MJA, Veenma DCM, Lincke CR, Gischler SJ, Alders M, van Ierland Y. 5q35 duplication syndrome: Narrowing the critical region on the distal side and further evidence of intrafamilial variability and expression. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:835-841. [PMID: 36458506 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The key features of patients with a microduplication 5q35.2q35.3 (including the NSD1 gene) are short stature, microcephaly, mild developmental delay, behavioral problems, digital anomalies and congenital anomalies of internal organs. This core phenotype can be viewed as the reversed phenotype of Sotos syndrome, which is caused by a microdeletion in the same chromosomal region or a pathogenic variant in the NSD1 gene, and includes tall stature and macrocephaly, developmental delay, and epilepsy. Here, we report on a patient and his mother, both with a 5q35.2q35.3 duplication, adding a fifth family to the recently published overview of 39 patients of Quintero-Rivera et al. Our patient had several congenital anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction with a persisting short stature, while his mother was only mildly affected with decreased growth parameters. In addition, he had hemophagogocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) triggered by Haemophilus influenzae and was recently diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma. Our cases carry the smallest duplication published (ca 332 kb, arr[hg19] 5q35.2q35.3(176493106-176824785)x3) further narrowing the distal side of the critical region of the 5q35.2q35.3 duplication. Besides broadening the clinical phenotypic spectrum, our report indicates that the 5q35.2q35.3 microduplication also shows a large intra-familial variability and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carsten R Lincke
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J Gischler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Beard DC, Zhang X, Wu DY, Martin JR, Hamagami N, Swift RG, McCullough KB, Ge X, Bell-Hensley A, Zheng H, Lawrence AB, Hill CA, Papouin T, McAlinden A, Garbow JR, Dougherty JD, Maloney SE, Gabel HW. Distinct disease mutations in DNMT3A result in a spectrum of behavioral, epigenetic, and transcriptional deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.27.530041. [PMID: 36909558 PMCID: PMC10002657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a common feature of monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders that can arise from differential severity of missense variants underlying disease, but how distinct alleles impact molecular mechanisms to drive variable disease presentation is not well understood. Here, we investigate missense mutations in the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A associated with variable overgrowth, intellectual disability, and autism, to uncover molecular correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in neurodevelopmental disease. We generate a DNMT3A P900L/+ mouse model mimicking a disease mutation with mild-to-moderate severity and compare phenotypic and epigenomic effects with a severe R878H mutation. We show that the P900L mutation leads to disease-relevant overgrowth, obesity, and social deficits shared across DNMT3A disorder models, while the R878H mutation causes more extensive epigenomic disruption leading to differential dysregulation of enhancers elements. We identify distinct gene sets disrupted in each mutant which may contribute to mild or severe disease, and detect shared transcriptomic disruption that likely drives common phenotypes across affected individuals. Finally, we demonstrate that core gene dysregulation detected in DNMT3A mutant mice overlaps effects in other developmental disorder models, highlighting the importance of DNMT3A-deposited methylation in neurodevelopment. Together, these findings define central drivers of DNMT3A disorders and illustrate how variable disruption of transcriptional mechanisms can drive the spectrum of phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Beard
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dennis Y. Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenna R. Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Hamagami
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raylynn G. Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine B. McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin Bell-Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin B. Lawrence
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Hill
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan E. Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harrison W. Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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23
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Conteduca G, Baldo C, Arado A, Traverso M, Testa B, Malacarne M, Coviello D, Zara F, Baldassari S. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a patient with Sotos syndrome carrying 5q35 microdeletion. Stem Cell Res 2023; 66:103007. [PMID: 36580887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome (SoS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene located on chromosome 5 region q35.3. In order to understand the pathogenesis of Sotos syndrome and in view of future therapeutic approaches for its efficient treatment, we generated two human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lines from one SoS patient carrying a 5q35 microdeletion. The established iPSCs expressed pluripotency markers, showing the capacity to differentiate into the three germ layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Arado
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Traverso
- Unit of Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Testa
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Michela Malacarne
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
| | - Federico Zara
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Baldassari
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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24
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Molecular Analysis and Reclassification of NSD1 Gene Variants in a Cohort of Patients with Clinical Suspicion of Sotos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020295. [PMID: 36833222 PMCID: PMC9956575 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain containing protein 1) gene. No clinical diagnostic consensus criteria are published yet, and molecular analysis reduces the clinical diagnostic uncertainty. We screened 1530 unrelated patients enrolled from 2003 to 2021 at Galliera Hospital and Gaslini Institute in Genoa. NSD1 variants were identified in 292 patients including nine partial gene deletions, 13 microdeletions of the entire NSD1 gene, and 115 novel intragenic variants never previously described. Thirty-two variants of uncertain significance (VUS) out of 115 identified were re-classified. Twenty-five missense NSD1 VUS (25/32, 78.1%) changed class to likely pathogenic or likely benign, showing a highly significant shift in class (p < 0.01). Apart from NSD1, we identified variants in additional genes (NFIX, PTEN, EZH2, TCF20, BRWD3, PPP2R5D) in nine patients analyzed by the NGS custom panel. We describe the evolution of diagnostic techniques in our laboratory to ascertain molecular diagnosis, the identification of 115 new variants, and the re-classification of 25 VUS in NSD1. We underline the utility of sharing variant classification and the need to improve communication between the laboratory staff and the referring physician.
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25
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Identification of alternative transcripts of NSD1 gene in Sotos Syndrome patients and healthy subjects. Gene 2023; 851:146970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Favi Bocca L, Pereira Rodrigues T, Bortholin T, Targas Yacubian EM, Carrete Júnior H, Guaranha M, Silva Centeno R. Case report: Successful anterior temporal lobectomy in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated with Sotos syndrome. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1126327. [PMID: 36970544 PMCID: PMC10033939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sotos syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by haploinsufficiency of NSD1 gene, with some individuals affected by epilepsy and, rarely, drug-resistant seizures. A 47-years-old female patient with Sotos syndrome was diagnosed with focal-onset seizures in left temporal lobe, left-side hippocampal atrophy, and neuropsychological testing with decreased performance in several cognitive domains. Patient was treated with left-side temporal lobe resection and developed complete awake seizure control in 3-years of follow-up, with marked improvement in quality-of-life. In selected, clinically concordant patients, resective surgeries may play a significant role in improving patient's quality of life and seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Favi Bocca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Favi Bocca
| | | | - Thiago Bortholin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirian Guaranha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Silva Centeno
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Regulation, functions and transmission of bivalent chromatin during mammalian development. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:6-26. [PMID: 36028557 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cells differentiate and progress through development guided by a dynamic chromatin landscape that mediates gene expression programmes. During development, mammalian cells display a paradoxical chromatin state: histone modifications associated with gene activation (trimethylated histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4me3)) and with gene repression (trimethylated H3 Lys27 (H3K27me3)) co-occur at promoters of developmental genes. This bivalent chromatin modification state is thought to poise important regulatory genes for expression or repression during cell-lineage specification. In this Review, we discuss recent work that has expanded our understanding of the molecular basis of bivalent chromatin and its contributions to mammalian development. We describe the factors that establish bivalency, especially histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2B (KMT2B) and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), and consider evidence indicating that PRC1 shapes bivalency and may contribute to its transmission between generations. We posit that bivalency is a key feature of germline and embryonic stem cells, as well as other types of stem and progenitor cells. Finally, we discuss the relevance of bivalent chromtin to human development and cancer, and outline avenues of future research.
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28
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Zhang YL, Jing XY, Chen GL, Zhen L, Li DZ. Sotos syndrome: A study of antenatal presentation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 279:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Ferilli M, Ciolfi A, Pedace L, Niceta M, Radio FC, Pizzi S, Miele E, Cappelletti C, Mancini C, Galluccio T, Andreani M, Iascone M, Chiriatti L, Novelli A, Micalizzi A, Matraxia M, Menale L, Faletra F, Prontera P, Pilotta A, Bedeschi MF, Capolino R, Baban A, Seri M, Mammì C, Zampino G, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B, Priolo M, Tartaglia M. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Solves Uncertainty in Classifying NSD1 Variants. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2163. [PMID: 36421837 PMCID: PMC9690023 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivating NSD1 mutations causing Sotos syndrome have been previously associated with a specific genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) pattern. Sotos syndrome is characterized by phenotypic overlap with other overgrowth syndromes, and a definite diagnosis might not be easily reached due to the high prevalence of variants of unknown significance (VoUS) that are identified in patients with a suggestive phenotype. OBJECTIVE we performed microarray DNAm profiling in a set of 11 individuals with a clinical suspicion of Sotos syndrome and carrying an NSD1 VoUS or previously unreported variants to solve uncertainty in defining pathogenicity of the observed variants. The impact of the training cohort size on sensitivity and prediction confidence of the classifier was assessed. RESULTS The Sotos syndrome-specific DNAm signature was validated in six individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Sotos syndrome and carrying bona fide pathogenic NSD1 variants. Applying this approach to the remaining 11 individuals with NSD1 variants, we succeeded in confirming pathogenicity in eight subjects and excluding the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome in three. The sensitivity and prediction confidence of the classifier based on the different sizes of the training sets did not show substantial differences, though the overall performance was improved by using a data balancing strategy. CONCLUSIONS The present approach solved uncertainty in cases with NDS1 VoUS, further demonstrating the clinical utility of DNAm profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferilli
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pizzi
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Cappelletti
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Galluccio
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andreani
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiriatti
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Matraxia
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Menale
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Maternal-Infantile Department, University Hospital of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Pilotta
- Auxo-Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Paediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Bedeschi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Clinica Mangiagalli, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- Medical and Surgical Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
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30
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Minatogawa M, Tsuji T, Inaba M, Kawakami N, Mizuno S, Kosho T. Atypical Sotos syndrome caused by a novel splice site variant. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:41. [PMID: 36379925 PMCID: PMC9666520 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is usually caused by haploinsufficiency of NSD1; it is characterized by overgrowth, craniofacial features, and learning disabilities. We describe a boy with Sotos syndrome caused by a splicing variant (c.4378+5G>A). The clinical manifestations included severe connective tissue involvement, including joint hypermobility, progressive scoliosis, pectus deformity, and skin hyperextensibility; no overgrowth was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Minatogawa
- grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan ,grid.412568.c0000 0004 0447 9995Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Taichi Tsuji
- grid.410782.80000 0004 1771 9476Department of Orthopedics, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan ,grid.452852.c0000 0004 0568 8449Department of Orthopedics, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Toyota, Japan
| | - Mie Inaba
- grid.440395.f0000 0004 1773 8175Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawakami
- grid.410782.80000 0004 1771 9476Department of Orthopedics, Meijo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan ,Department of Orthopedics, Ichinomiyanishi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Seiji Mizuno
- grid.440395.f0000 0004 1773 8175Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan ,grid.412568.c0000 0004 0447 9995Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan ,grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan ,grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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31
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Berardi A, Botrugno OA, Quilici G, Manteiga JMG, Bachi A, Tonon G, Musco G. Nizp1 is a specific
NUP98
‐
NSD1
functional interactor that regulates
NUP98
‐
NSD1
‐dependent oncogenic programs. FEBS J 2022; 290:1782-1797. [PMID: 36271682 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
NSD1, NSD2 and NSD3 proteins constitute a family of histone 3 lysine 36 (H3K36) methyltransferases with similar domain architecture, but diversified activities, in part, dependent on their non-enzymatic domains. These domains, despite their high sequence identity, recruit the hosting proteins to different chromatin regions through the recognition of diverse epigenetic marks and/or associations to distinct interactors. In this sense, the PHDvC5HCH finger tandem domain represents a paradigmatic example of functional divergence within the NSD family. In this work, we prove and give a structural rationale for the uniqueness of the PHDvC5HCH domain of NSD1 in recognizing the C2HR Zinc finger domain of Nizp1 (NSD1 interacting Zn finger protein). Importantly, we show that, in a leukaemogenic context, Nizp1 is pivotal in driving the unscheduled expression of HoxA genes and of genes involved in the type I IFN pathway, triggered by the expression of the fusion protein NUP98-NSD1. These data provide the first insight into the pathophysiological relevance of the Nizp1-NSD1 functional association. Targeting of this interaction might open new therapeutic windows to inhibit the NUP98-NSD1 oncogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Berardi
- Biomolecular NMR, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy
| | - Oronza A. Botrugno
- Functional Genomics of Cancer, Division of Experimental Oncology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy
| | | | - Angela Bachi
- Functional Proteomics Group IFOM‐FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Milan Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Functional Genomics of Cancer, Division of Experimental Oncology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Milan Italy
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32
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Singh P, Suryawanshi P, Garegrat R, Malshe N. Neonatal Sotos Syndrome: A Novel Frameshift Mutation of the NSD1 Gene Associated with Neonatal Encephalopathy Presenting without Overgrowth. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSotos syndrome type I is one of the more common genetic overgrowth disorders. It presents classically with macrocephaly, distinctive facial gestalt, and acromegalic features, along with neonatal complications including hypotonia, feeding difficulties, and hypoglycemia with other minor feature inconstancies. The phenotypical overlap of features of this syndrome, more so in neonatal age, thwarts an easy diagnosis. In this case report, a neonate of a nonconsanguineous marriage to a multigravida mother with insignificant obstetric history, presented primarily with respiratory difficulty, central hypotonia, and hypoglycemia. Sparse hair, tall forehead, pointed chin, and lax skin were accompanied by persistent encephalopathy and refractory myoclonic jerks. However, the quintessential features of pre- and postnatal overgrowth were lacking, making the line of diagnosis difficult. On neuroimaging, atypical diffuse pachygyria was found. Clinical exome sequencing revealed heterozygous single base pair deletion in exon 21 of the NSD1 gene on chromosome 5q35, resulting in an unreported frameshift and premature truncation of the protein 19 amino acids downstream to codon 2065, confirming the genetic diagnosis of autosomal dominant Sotos syndrome 1. The neonate later succumbed to death after withdrawal of ventilatory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Singh
- Department of Neonatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) (BVDU) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradeep Suryawanshi
- Department of Neonatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) (BVDU) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Reema Garegrat
- Department of Neonatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) (BVDU) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nandini Malshe
- Department of Neonatology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) (BVDU) Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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33
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Kontbay T, Şıklar Z, Ceylaner S, Berberoğlu M. Central Precocious Puberty in an Infant with Sotos Syndrome and Response to Treatment. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 14:356-360. [PMID: 34013836 PMCID: PMC9422921 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2020.0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome (SS) is characterized by overgrowth, distinctive facial appearance, and learning disability. It is caused by heterozygous mutations, including deletions of NSD1 located at chromosome 5q35. While advanced bone age can occur in some cases, precocious puberty (PP) has only been reported in three cases previously. Here, we reported a case of SS diagnosed in the infancy period with central PP. The discovery of potential factors that trigger puberty is one of the central mysteries of pubertal biology. Depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs constitute the first-line therapy in central PP (CPP), which has proven to be both effective and safe. In our cases, leuprolide acetate at maximum dose was not successful in controlling pubertal progression, and cyproterone acetate (CPA) was added to therapy, with successful control of pubertal progression. In some specific syndromes with PP, such as SS, treatment can be challenging. CPA may be an asset for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Kontbay
- Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Endocrinology, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Şıklar
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Merih Berberoğlu
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
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34
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Chin EW, Ma Q, Ruan H, Chin C, Somasundaram A, Zhang C, Liu C, Lewis MD, White M, Smith TL, Battersby M, Yao WD, Lu XY, Arap W, Licinio J, Wong ML. The epigenetic reader PHF21B modulates murine social memory and synaptic plasticity-related genes. JCI Insight 2022; 7:158081. [PMID: 35866480 PMCID: PMC9431697 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is a manifestation of several neurobehavioral and neurological disorders. A major therapeutic challenge lies in uncovering the upstream regulatory factors controlling synaptic processes. Plant homeodomain (PHD) finger proteins are epigenetic readers whose dysfunctions are implicated in neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms linking PHD protein deficits to disease remain unclear. Here, we generated a PHD finger protein 21B-depleted (Phf21b-depleted) mutant CRISPR mouse model (hereafter called Phf21bΔ4/Δ4) to examine Phf21b's roles in the brain. Phf21bΔ4/Δ4 animals exhibited impaired social memory. In addition, reduced expression of synaptic proteins and impaired long-term potentiation were observed in the Phf21bΔ4/Δ4 hippocampi. Transcriptome profiling revealed differential expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity processes. Furthermore, we characterized a potentially novel interaction of PHF21B with histone H3 trimethylated lysine 36 (H3K36me3), a histone modification associated with transcriptional activation, and the transcriptional factor CREB. These results establish PHF21B as an important upstream regulator of synaptic plasticity-related genes and a candidate therapeutic target for neurobehavioral dysfunction in mice, with potential applications in human neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Hongyu Ruan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | | | | | - Chunling Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Martin D Lewis
- Neuropsychiatric Laboratory, Lifelong Health Research Unit, and
| | - Melissa White
- Gene Editing Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,SA Genome Editing Facility, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tracey L Smith
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Malcolm Battersby
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wei-Dong Yao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.,Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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35
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Jin HY, Li HF, Xu JL, Hui W, Ruan WC, Lv CC, Xu RA, Qiang S. Case Report of Neonatal Sotos Syndrome with a New Missense Mutation in the NSD1 Gene and Literature Analysis in the Chinese Han Population. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070968. [PMID: 35888687 PMCID: PMC9315494 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no consensus exists regarding Sotos syndrome in the Chinese population. Here, we present a case of neonatal Sotos syndrome, followed by a retrospective analysis of five cases of neonatal Sotos syndrome, reported in China. The study subject was a twin premature infant, heavier than gestational age, with characteristic facial features, limb shaking, and hypertonia. Transient hypoglycemia, abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging, multiple nodules in polycystic kidneys and liver, abnormal hearing, patent ductus arteriosus, and an atrial septal defect were also noted. The subject showed overgrowth and developmental retardation at 3 months of age. Sequencing revealed a novel missense mutation, c.5000C>A, in the nuclear receptor binding the SET domain protein 1 gene, resulting in an alanine-to-glutamate substitution. The bioinformatics analysis suggested high pathogenicity at this site. This study provides insights into diagnosis of neonatal Sotos syndrome based on specific phenotypes. Subsequent treatment and follow-up should focus on developmental retardation, epilepsy, and scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shu Qiang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-86670006
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36
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Conteduca G, Cangelosi D, Coco S, Malacarne M, Baldo C, Arado A, Pinto R, Testa B, Coviello DA. NSD1 Mutations in Sotos Syndrome Induce Differential Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs, miR646 and Genes Controlling the G2/M Checkpoint. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070988. [PMID: 35888078 PMCID: PMC9324496 DOI: 10.3390/life12070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence indicates the critical role of the NSD1 gene in Sotos syndrome (SoS), a rare genetic disease, and in tumors. Molecular mechanisms affected by NSD1 mutations are largely uncharacterized. In order to assess the impact of NSD1 haploinsufficiency in the pathogenesis of SoS, we analyzed the gene expression profile of fibroblasts isolated from the skin samples of 15 SoS patients and of 5 healthy parents. We identified seven differentially expressed genes and five differentially expressed noncoding RNAs. The most upregulated mRNA was stratifin (SFN) (fold change, 3.9, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.05), and the most downregulated mRNA was goosecoid homeobox (GSC) (fold change, 3.9, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.05). The most upregulated lncRNA was lnc-C2orf84-1 (fold change, 4.28, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.001), and the most downregulated lncRNA was Inc-C15orf57 (fold change, −0.7, Benjamini−Hochberg corrected p < 0.05). A gene set enrichment analysis reported the enrichment of genes involved in the KRAS and E2F signaling pathways, splicing regulation and cell cycle G2/M checkpoints. Our results suggest that NSD1 is involved in cell cycle regulation and that its mutation can induce the down-expression of genes involved in tumoral and neoplastic differentiation. The results contribute to defining the role of NSD1 in fibroblasts for the prevention, diagnosis and control of SoS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Conteduca
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Michela Malacarne
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Chiara Baldo
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Alessia Arado
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Rute Pinto
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Barbara Testa
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
| | - Domenico A. Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.C.); (M.M.); (C.B.); (A.A.); (R.P.); (B.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-5636-3977
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37
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Ojaimi MA, Banimortada BJ, Othman A, Riedhammer KM, Almannai M, El-Hattab AW. Disorders of histone methylation: molecular basis and clinical syndromes. Clin Genet 2022; 102:169-181. [PMID: 35713103 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone tails are essential for gene expression regulation. They play an essential role in neurodevelopment as nervous system development is a complex process requiring a dynamic pattern of gene expression. Histone methylation is one of the vital epigenetic regulators and mostly occurs on lysine residues of histones H3 and H4. Histone methylation is catalyzed by two sets of enzymes: histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and histone lysine demethylases (KDMs). KMT2 enzymes form a distinct multi-subunit complex known as COMPASS to enhance their catalytic activity and diversify their biologic functions. Several neurodevelopmental syndromes result from defects of histone methylation which can be caused by deficiencies in histone methyltransferases and demethylases, loss of the histone methyltransferase activator TASP1, or derangements in COMPASS formation. In this review article, the molecular mechanism of histone methylation is discussed followed by summarizing clinical syndromes caused by monogenic defects in histone methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mode Al Ojaimi
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Amna Othman
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Korbinian M Riedhammer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohammed Almannai
- Genetics and Precision Medicine Department, King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman W El-Hattab
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Genetics and Metabolic Department, KidsHeart Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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38
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Comprehensive Genetic Evaluation of Bulgarian Children with Syndromic Craniosynostosis. Balkan J Med Genet 2022; 25:19-24. [PMID: 36880037 PMCID: PMC9985352 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic craniosynostosis (SC) is a genetically determined premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures, which may result in severe dysmorphism, increased intracranial pressure along with many other clinical manifestations. The considerable risk of complications along with their significant incidence makes these cranial deformations an important medical problem. Aiming to elucidate the complex genetic etiology of syndromic craniosynostosis, we investigated 39 children, screened systematically with a combination of conventional cytogenetic analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and array-based comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH). Pathological findings were established in 15.3% (6/39) of the cases using aCGH, in 7.7% (3/39) using MLPA and 2.5% (1/39) using conventional karyotyping. About 12.8% (5/39) of the patients with normal karyotype carried submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements. Duplications were found to be more common than deletions. Conclusion: The systematic genetic evaluation of children with SC revealed a high prevalence of submicrosopic chromosomal rearrangements (most commonly duplications). This suggests the leading role of those defects in the pathogenesis of syndromic craniosynostosis. The genetic complexity of SC was reaffirmed by the dis Bulgaria covery of pathological findings in various chromosomal regions. Certain genes were discussed in conjunction with craniosynostosis.
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39
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Marques P, Korbonits M. Approach to the Patient With Pseudoacromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1767-1788. [PMID: 34792134 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoacromegaly encompasses a heterogeneous group of conditions in which patients have clinical features of acromegaly or gigantism, but no excess of GH or IGF-1. Acromegaloid physical features or accelerated growth in a patient may prompt referral to endocrinologists. Because pseudoacromegaly conditions are rare and heterogeneous, often with overlapping clinical features, the underlying diagnosis may be challenging to establish. As many of these have a genetic origin, such as pachydermoperiostosis, Sotos syndrome, Weaver syndrome, or Cantú syndrome, collaboration is key with clinical geneticists in the diagnosis of these patients. Although rare, awareness of these uncommon conditions and their characteristic features will help their timely recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
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40
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Bukowska-Olech E, Sowińska-Seidler A, Larysz D, Gawliński P, Koczyk G, Popiel D, Gurba-Bryśkiewicz L, Materna-Kiryluk A, Adamek Z, Szczepankiewicz A, Dominiak P, Glista F, Matuszewska K, Jamsheer A. Results from Genetic Studies in Patients Affected with Craniosynostosis: Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:865494. [PMID: 35591945 PMCID: PMC9112228 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.865494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Craniosynostosis (CS) represents a highly heterogeneous genetic condition whose genetic background has not been yet revealed. The abnormality occurs either in isolated form or syndromic, as an element of hundreds of different inborn syndromes. Consequently, CS may often represent a challenging diagnostic issue. Methods: We investigated a three-tiered approach (karyotyping, Sanger sequencing, followed by custom gene panel/chromosomal microarray analysis, and exome sequencing), coupled with prioritization of variants based on dysmorphological assessment and description in terms of human phenotype ontology. In addition, we have also performed a statistical analysis of the obtained clinical data using the nonparametric test χ2. Results: We achieved a 43% diagnostic success rate and have demonstrated the complexity of mutations’ type harbored by the patients, which were either chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations, or point mutations. The majority of pathogenic variants were found in the well-known CS genes, however, variants found in genes associated with chromatinopathies or RASopathies are of particular interest. Conclusion: We have critically summarized and then optimised a cost-effective diagnostic algorithm, which may be helpful in a daily diagnostic routine and future clinical research of various CS types. Moreover, we have pinpointed the possible underestimated co-occurrence of CS and intellectual disability, suggesting it may be overlooked when intellectual disability constitutes a primary clinical complaint. On the other hand, in any case of already detected syndromic CS and intellectual disability, the possible occurrence of clinical features suggestive for chromatinopathies or RASopathies should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewelina Bukowska-Olech, ; Aleksander Jamsheer,
| | - Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Larysz
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery for Children and Adolescents, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Prof. St. Popowski Regional Specialized Children's Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Gawliński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Koczyk
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
- Biometry and Bioinformatics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Filip Glista
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Matuszewska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewelina Bukowska-Olech, ; Aleksander Jamsheer,
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41
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Villate O, Maortua H, Tejada MI, Llano-Rivas I. RNA Analysis and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Splice Variant in the NSD1 Gene Causing Familial Sotos Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:827802. [PMID: 35186810 PMCID: PMC8848324 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.827802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sotos syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive facial features and learning disabilities. Haploinsufficiency of the nuclear receptor SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) gene located on chromosome 5q35 is the major cause of the syndrome. This syndrome shares characteristics with other overgrowth syndromes, which can complicate the differential diagnosis. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of members of the same family and targeted exome analysis was performed. In silico study of the variant found by next-generation sequencing was used to predict disruption/creation of splice sites and the identification of potential cryptic splice sites. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of patients and functional analyses were performed to confirm the pathogenicity. RESULTS We found a novel c.6463 + 5G>A heterozygous NSD1 gene pathogenic variant in a son and his father. Molecular analyses revealed that part of the intron 22 of NSD1 is retained due to the destruction of the splicing donor site, causing the appearance of a premature stop codon in the NSD1 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the importance of performing RNA functional assays in order to determine the clinical significance of intronic variants, and contribute to the genetic counseling and clinical management of patients and their relatives. Our work also highlights the relevance of using in silico prediction tools to detect a potential alteration in the splicing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Villate
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Hiart Maortua
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Genetics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Tejada
- Genetics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Genetics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Spain
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Ruhrman-Shahar N, Assia Batzir N, Lidzbarsky GA, Bazak L, Magal N, Basel-Salmon L. A nonsense variant in the second exon of the canonical transcript of NSD1 does not cause Sotos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:369-372. [PMID: 34559457 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ruhrman-Shahar
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Nurit Assia Batzir
- Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Arie Lidzbarsky
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Lily Bazak
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Nurit Magal
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Raphael Recanati Genetic Institute, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Pediatric Genetics Clinic, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
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43
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Castro MAA, Dos Santos JHV, Honjo RS, Yamamoto GL, Bertola DR, Hurst AC, Chorich LP, Layman LC, Kim CA, Kim HG. Twenty-year follow-up of the facial phenotype of Brazilian patients with Sotos syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3916-3923. [PMID: 34405946 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is characterized by overgrowth starting before birth through childhood with intellectual disability and craniofacial anomalies. The majority of patients are large for gestational age with developmental delay or intellectual disability. The majority of cases are caused by pathogenic variants in NSD1. The most consistent physical features in this disorder are facial dysmorphisms including prominent forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, prognathism with a pointed chin, and a long and narrow face. We present a follow-up to a cohort of 11 individuals found to harbor heterozygous, pathogenic, or likely pathogenic variants in NSD1. We analyzed the facial dysmorphisms and the condition using retrospective over 20 years. Among these patients, followed in our medical genetics outpatient clinic for variable periods of time, all had a phenotype compatible with the characteristic Sotos syndrome facial features, which evolved with time and became superimposed with natural aging modifications. We present here a long-term follow-up of facial features of Brazilian patients with molecularly confirmed Sotos syndrome. In this largest Brazilian cohort of molecularly confirmed patients with Sotos syndrome to date, we provide a careful description of the facial phenotype, which becomes less pronounced with aging and possibly more difficult to recognize in adults. These results may have broad clinical implications for diagnosis and add to the global clinical delineation of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Augusto Araújo Castro
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança-Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Heather Vedovato Dos Santos
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança-Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança-Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança-Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança-Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna C Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lynn P Chorich
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility, & Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança-Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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44
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Muhsin E, Basak G, Banu D, Alper G, Mustafa S. Neurodevelopment and Genetic Evaluation of Sotos Syndrome Cases with a Novel Mutation: a Single-Center Experience. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:149-157. [PMID: 34386909 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01897-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a non-progressive neurological disease with overgrowing, increased bone age, and developmental retardation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prenatal, natal, and postnatal clinical findings of patients with Sotos syndrome. Sixteen patients suspected to have Sotos syndrome with clinical findings were examined retrospectively, ranging in ages between 3 and 23. In our file screening, we screened the FISH results of all 16 patients, but not all patients had NSD1 gene analysis results. We collected NSD1 gene analysis results, if there were any. The parameters that we investigated for these patients are birth weight, birth length, Apgar score at the 5th minute, dysmorphological face appearance, bone age, seizure, learning disability, feeding difficulties, surgical operation, and other accompanying abnormalities (brain MRI, abnormal echocardiographic findings, chronic otitis media, etc.). The anamnesis, clinical examination findings, and genetic reports of the patients were examined. For this, the hospital registration system was used. Breech presentation, Apgar score in the 5th minute of between 4 and 7, atrial septal defect at echocardiography, and consanguineous marriage rate were detected to be increased in individuals with Sotos syndrome compared to the normal population. When compared to the general population, delayed psychomotor development was determined. Macrocephaly, increased bone age, chronic otitis media frequency, and hernia operation frequency were determined to see if all patients were consistent with the literature. As a result of NSD1 gene sequencing analyses (NSD1 gene analysis was performed in 6 patients and a mutation was detected in 3 of them), three were found to have NSD1 gene mutation (one of them was novel). A novel deletion-type mutation that was not previously reported in the literature in the 19th exon of the NSD1 gene was determined. Xiphoidal protrusion was detected on this patient that had the novel mutation, and this situation has not been reported in the literature previously. If a patient has rapid growth, difficulty in learning, macrocephaly, speech delay, and timid personality, Sotos syndrome can be considered at the pre-diagnosis stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmas Muhsin
- Medical Genetics Department, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Gogus Basak
- Medical Genetics Department, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Degirmenci Banu
- Medical Genetics Department, Fırat University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Gezdirici Alper
- Medical Genetics Department, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Solak Mustafa
- Medical Genetics Department, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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45
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Verma A, Salehi P, Hing A, Curda Roberts AJ. Sotos syndrome with a novel mutation in the NSD1 gene associated with congenital hypothyroidism. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2021; 8:191-194. [PMID: 34350334 PMCID: PMC8319649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Childhood overgrowth syndromes are relatively rare. A generalized overgrowth syndrome should be suspected when tall stature and macrocephaly are present, after ruling out nutritional excess and endocrinopathies. Sotos syndrome is a well-described overgrowth syndrome due to haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene. We present a case of an infant with permanent congenital hypothyroidism, who had tall stature and macrocephaly by 7 months of age. He was noted to have typical facial features, mild gross motor and speech delay, and scoliosis by 13 months of age. Gene sequencing revealed a heterozygous novel c6076_6087del12: p.Asn2026_Thr2029del variant in exon 20 of the NSD1 gene, pathogenic for Sotos syndrome. Congenital hypothyroidism with Sotos syndrome has been infrequently reported and may expand the spectrum of disease characteristics. Early diagnosis of overgrowth syndromes is important for developmental follow up and multidisciplinary care coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Verma
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Parisa Salehi
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Anne Hing
- Division of Medical Genetics, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Alissa Jeanne Curda Roberts
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Seattle Children's Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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46
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective comparative study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the NSD1 abnormalities in patients diagnosed with Sotos syndrome and its correlation with the presence, severity, and progression of associated scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Scoliosis has been reported in approximately 30% of patients diagnosed with Sotos syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, learning disability, and overgrowth. Sotos syndrome is mainly attributed to NSD1 haploinsufficiency, but with ethnical differences in genetic profile: NSD1 microdeletions are frequently identified in Japanese Sotos patients whereas intragenic mutations are more frequently found in non-Japanese patients. Although possible genotype-phenotype correlations have been proposed, the genotype of Sotos syndrome patients suffering from scoliosis has not been examined. METHODS The medical records and spinal radiographs of 63 consecutive Sotos syndrome patients at a single center were reviewed. Fluorescent in situ hybridization or microarray comparative genomic hybridization and DNA sequencing or multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were performed to detect 5q35 microdeletion involving the NSD1 gene and intragenic mutations of the NSD1 gene, respectively. The phenotypes of all cases and radiological assessments for the presence and progression of scoliosis were studied. RESULTS NSD1 abnormalities were identified in 55 patients (87%): microdeletion in 34 patients (54%) and intragenic mutation in 22 patients (33%). Scoliosis was observed in 26 patients (41%), with a significantly higher ratio of microdeletions than mutations. The 10 patients with progressive scoliosis all had NSD1 microdeletions. CONCLUSION Scoliosis was a common phenotypical trait in children with Sotos syndrome and its presence as well as progression were higher in cases with NSD1 microdeletions. Although all Sotos syndrome patients should be monitored for scoliosis, clinicians should be made aware that patients with NSD1 microdeletions have a higher probability of scoliosis development and progression that may require early intervention.Level of Evidence: 3.
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47
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Pirozzi F, Lee B, Horsley N, Burkardt DD, Dobyns WB, Graham JM, Dentici ML, Cesario C, Schallner J, Porrmann J, Di Donato N, Sanchez-Lara PA, Mirzaa GM. Proximal variants in CCND2 associated with microcephaly, short stature, and developmental delay: A case series and review of inverse brain growth phenotypes. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2719-2738. [PMID: 34087052 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin D2 (CCND2) is a critical cell cycle regulator and key member of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex. De novo variants of CCND2 clustering in the distal part of the protein have been identified as pathogenic causes of brain overgrowth (megalencephaly, MEG) and severe cortical malformations in children including the megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome. Megalencephaly-associated CCND2 variants are localized to the terminal exon and result in accumulation of degradation-resistant protein. We identified five individuals from three unrelated families with novel variants in the proximal region of CCND2 associated with microcephaly, mildly simplified cortical gyral pattern, symmetric short stature, and mild developmental delay. Identified variants include de novo frameshift variants and a dominantly inherited stop-gain variant segregating with the phenotype. This is the first reported association between proximal CCND2 variants and microcephaly, to our knowledge. This series expands the phenotypic spectrum of CCND2-related disorders and suggests that distinct classes of CCND2 variants are associated with reciprocal effects on human brain growth (microcephaly and megalencephaly due to possible loss or gain of protein function, respectively), adding to the growing paradigm of inverse phenotypes due to dysregulation of key brain growth genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Pirozzi
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benson Lee
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nicole Horsley
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Deepika D Burkardt
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria L Dentici
- Medical Genetics Unit, Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cesario
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jens Schallner
- Department of Neuropediatrics, School of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Porrmann
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Brotman-Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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48
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Itai T, Miyatake S, Hatano T, Hattori N, Ohno A, Aoki Y, Itomi K, Mori H, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N. Cerebrovascular diseases in two patients with entire NSD1 deletion. Hum Genome Var 2021; 8:20. [PMID: 34031356 PMCID: PMC8144564 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-021-00151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two patients with NSD1 deletion, who presented with early-onset, or recurrent cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs). A 39-year-old female showed developmental delay and abnormal gait in infancy, and developed slowly-progressive intellectual disability and movement disorders. Brain imaging suggested recurrent parenchymal hemorrhages. A 6-year-old male had tremor as a neonate and brain imaging revealed subdural hematoma and brain contusion. This report suggests possible involvement of CVDs associated with NSD1 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Itai
- Department of human genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of human genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Ohno
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Toyota Municipal Child Development Center, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- Division of Neurology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Itomi
- Division of Neurology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Harushi Mori
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of human genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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49
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Muraji S, Kobayashi T, Oka S, Kojima T, Yoshiba S, Kanai M, Ishido H, Masutani S, Hosoda R, Masuoka A, Suzuki T, Sumitomo N. Successful Percutaneous Thrombectomy of the Left Pulmonary Artery in a Neonate After a Patent Ductus Arteriosus Clipping. Int Heart J 2021; 62:706-709. [PMID: 33994502 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report a neonate with a successful percutaneous thrombectomy of a total thrombotic occlusion of the left pulmonary artery (LPA) after a surgical clipping for a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). We suspected the compression of the LPA by the clipping and postoperative hemodynamic instability caused the LPA obstruction. After the surgical removal of the PDA clip and division of the PDA, we could safely retrieve the LPA thrombus with a non-hydrodynamic thrombectomy catheter for coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Muraji
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Toshiki Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Shuntaro Oka
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center
| | - Takuro Kojima
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Shigeki Yoshiba
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Masayo Kanai
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center
| | - Hirotaka Ishido
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center
| | - Satoshi Masutani
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center
| | - Ryusuke Hosoda
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Ayumu Masuoka
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Naokata Sumitomo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
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50
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Moirangthem A, Mandal K, Saxena D, Srivastava P, Gambhir PS, Agrawal N, Shambhavi A, Nampoothiri S, Phadke SR. Genetic heterogeneity of disorders with overgrowth and intellectual disability: Experience from a center in North India. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2345-2355. [PMID: 33942996 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Overgrowth, defined as height and/or OFC ≥ +2SD, characterizes a subset of patients with syndromic intellectual disability (ID). Many of the disorders with overgrowth and ID (OGID) are rare and the full phenotypic and genotypic spectra have not been unraveled. This study was undertaken to characterize the phenotypic and genotypic profile of patients with OGID. Patients with OGID were ascertained from the cohort of patients who underwent cytogenetic microarray (CMA) and/or exome sequencing (ES) at our center over a period of 6 years. Thirty-one subjects (six females) formed the study group with ages between 3.5 months and 13 years. CMA identified pathogenic deletions in two patients. In another 11 patients, a disease causing variant was detected by ES. The spectrum of disorders encompassed aberrations in genes involved in the two main pathways associated with OGID. These were genes involved in epigenetic regulation like NSD1, NFIX, FOXP1, and those in the PI3K-AKT pathway like PTEN, AKT3, TSC2, PPP2R5D. Five novel pathogenic variants were added by this study. NSD1-related Sotos syndrome was the most common disorder, seen in five patients. A causative variant was identified in 61.5% of patients who underwent only ES compared to the low yield of 11.1% in the CMA group. The molecular etiology could be confirmed in 13 subjects with OGID giving a diagnostic yield of 42%. The major burden was formed by autosomal dominant monogenic disorders. Hence, ES maybe a better first-tier genomic test rather than CMA in OGID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Moirangthem
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kausik Mandal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepti Saxena
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Singh Gambhir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arya Shambhavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, AIMS, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shubha R Phadke
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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