1
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Otte Im Kampe E, Salmenlinna S, Åberg R, Wallgren S, Hautaniemi M, Keronen S, Leinonen E, Pihlajasaari A, Ruotsalainen E, Sarvela A, Rimhanen-Finne R. Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in hospital linked to a fava bean product, Finland, 2015 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2024; 29:2300488. [PMID: 38726694 PMCID: PMC11083975 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2024.29.19.2300488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterium widely distributed in the environment. Listeriosis is a severe disease associated with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. In April 2019, listeriosis was diagnosed in two hospital patients in Finland. We conducted a descriptive study to identify the source of the infection and defined a case as a person with a laboratory-confirmed Lm serogroup IIa sequence type (ST) 37. Six cases with Lm ST 37 were notified to the Finnish Infectious Diseases Registry between 2015 and 2019. Patient interviews and hospital menus were used to target traceback investigation of the implicated foods. In 2021 and 2022, similar Lm ST 37 was detected from samples of a ready-to-eat plant-based food product including fava beans. Inspections by the manufacturer and the local food control authority indicated that the food products were contaminated with Lm after pasteurisation. Our investigation highlights the importance that companies producing plant-based food are subject to similar controls as those producing food of animal origin. Hospital menus can be a useful source of information that is not dependent on patient recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Otte Im Kampe
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Field Epidemiology path (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Riikka Åberg
- Food Safety Unit, Environmental Services, City of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Satu Keronen
- Abdominal Center, Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Eeva Ruotsalainen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Inflammation Center, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Sarvela
- Environmental office, City of Seinäjoki, Seinäjoki, Finland
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2
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GOMEZ CARLYB, MITCHELL JADE, RYSER ELLIOTT, MARKS BRADLEYP. Listeriosis Risk Model for Cancer Patients Who Consume Ready-to-Eat Salad. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100087. [PMID: 37004807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes generally infects immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients, more frequently and with higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. Because of the anticipated risk associated with L. monocytogenes and other pathogens in produce, immunocompromised individuals are often placed on neutropenic diets that exclude fresh produce, though these risks have not been quantified. Therefore, this study developed a data-driven risk model for listeriosis in cancer patients who consume ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, consisting of leafy greens, cucumbers, and tomatoes, as influenced by kitchen-scale treatments and storage practices. Monte Carlo simulations were used to model the risk of invasive listeriosis during one chemotherapy cycle. Refrigerating all salad components decreased median risk by approximately one-half log. For refrigerated salads with no treatment, the predicted median risk was ≤ 4.3 × 10-08. When salad ingredients were surface blanched with greens rinsed, the predicted risk decreased to 5.4 × 10-10. Predicted risk was lowest (1.4 × 10-13) for a blanched "salad" consisting of solely cucumbers and tomatoes. Interestingly, rinsing, as recommended by FDA only decreased median risk by 1 log. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the highly variable dose-response parameter k strongly influenced risk, indicating that reducing uncertainty in this variable may improve model accuracy. Overall, this study demonstrates that kitchen-scale pathogen reduction approaches have high risk-reduction efficacy and could be considered as an alternative to diets that exclude produce when making risk management decisions.
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3
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Tooby M, Morton V, Nesbitt A, Ciampa N, Thomas MK. Consumption of High-Risk Foods in the Canadian Population, Foodbook Study, 2014 to 2015. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1925-1936. [PMID: 34185825 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Many foods have the potential to cause foodborne illness; however, some pose a higher risk. Data were collected through the Foodbook study, a population-based telephone survey conducted between 2014 and 2015 that assessed 10,942 Canadians' food exposures using a 7-day recall period. The 19 foods included in the survey were identified as high risk for common foodborne pathogens in Canada. Results were analyzed by age group, gender, region of residence, income, and education. Consumption proportions of high-risk foods ranged from 0.4% (raw oysters) to 49.3% (deli meats). Roughly 94% of the population reported consuming one or more high-risk food in the past week. Certain high-risk food behaviors were associated with demographic characteristics. High-risk adults such as those 65 years or older still report consuming high-risk foods of concern, including deli meats (41.8%), soft cheeses (13.7%), and smoked fish (6.3%). Consumption of certain foods differed between genders, with males consuming significantly more deli meats, hot dogs, and raw or undercooked eggs and females consuming significantly more prebagged mixed salad greens. The overall number of high-risk foods consumed was similar, with both genders most frequently consuming three to five high-risk foods. High-risk food consumption was seen to increase with increasing household income, with 14.2% of the highest income level consuming six-plus high-risk foods in the past week, compared with 7.1% of the lowest income level. If a respondent had heard of a risk of foodborne illness associated with a food, it did not affect whether it was consumed. Additional consumer food safety efforts put in place alongside current messaging may improve high-risk food consumption behaviors. Enhancing current messaging by using multifaceted communications (e.g., social media and information pamphlets) and highlighting the large incidence and severity of foodborne illnesses in Canada are important strategies to improve behavior change. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Tooby
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 370 Speedvale Avenue West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 7M7
| | - Vanessa Morton
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 370 Speedvale Avenue West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 7M7
| | - Andrea Nesbitt
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 370 Speedvale Avenue West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 7M7
| | - Nadia Ciampa
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 370 Speedvale Avenue West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 7M7
| | - M Kate Thomas
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 370 Speedvale Avenue West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 7M7
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4
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Boone I, Rosner B, Lachmann R, D'Errico ML, Iannetti L, Van der Stede Y, Boelaert F, Ethelberg S, Eckmanns T, Stark K, Haller S, Wilking H. Healthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks in high-income countries: a literature review and surveillance study, 16 OECD countries, 2001 to 2019. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26. [PMID: 34651575 PMCID: PMC8518306 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.41.2001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundHealthcare-associated foodborne outbreaks (HA-FBO) may have severe consequences, especially in vulnerable groups.AimThe aim was to describe the current state of HA-FBO and propose public health recommendations for prevention.MethodsWe searched PubMed, the Outbreak Database (Charité, University Medicine Berlin), and hand-searched reference lists for HA-FBO with outbreak onset between 2001 and 2018 from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and HA-FBO (2012-2018) from the German surveillance system. Additionally, data from the European Food Safety Authority were analysed.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 57 HA-FBO from 16 OECD countries, primarily in the US (n = 11), Germany (n = 11) and the United Kingdom (n = 9). In addition, 28 HA-FBO were retrieved from the German surveillance system. Based on the number of outbreaks, the top three pathogens associated with the overall 85 HA-FBO were Salmonella (n = 24), norovirus (n = 22) and Listeria monocytogenes (n = 19). Based on the number of deaths, L. monocytogenes was the main pathogen causing HA-FBO. Frequently reported implicated foods were 'mixed foods' (n = 16), 'vegetables and fruits' (n = 15) and 'meat and meat products' (n = 10). Consumption of high-risk food by vulnerable patients, inadequate time-temperature control, insufficient kitchen hygiene and food hygiene and carriers of pathogens among food handlers were reported as reasons for HA-FBO.ConclusionTo prevent HA-FBO, the supply of high-risk food to vulnerable people should be avoided. Well working outbreak surveillance facilitates early detection and requires close interdisciplinary collaboration and exchange of information between hospitals, food safety and public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idesbald Boone
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Rosner
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raskit Lachmann
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michele Luca D'Errico
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Iannetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, National Reference Laboratory for Listeria monocytogenes, Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Steen Ethelberg
- Statens Serum Institut, Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Stark
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Haller
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wilking
- Robert Koch Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Lachmann R, Halbedel S, Adler M, Becker N, Allerberger F, Holzer A, Boone I, Falkenhorst G, Kleta S, Al Dahouk S, Stark K, Luber P, Flieger A, Wilking H. Nationwide outbreak of invasive listeriosis associated with consumption of meat products in health care facilities, Germany, 2014-2019. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 27:1035.e1-1035.e5. [PMID: 32979571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Invasive listeriosis is a severe foodborne infection caused by Listeria(L.)monocytogenes. The aim of this investigation was to verify and describe a molecular cluster of listeriosis patients and identify factors leading to this outbreak. METHODS Whole genome sequencing and core genome multilocus sequence typing were used for subtyping L. monocytogenes isolates from listeriosis cases and food samples in Germany. Patient interviews and investigational tracing of foodstuffs offered in health-care facilities (HCF), where some of the cases occurred, were conducted. RESULTS We identified a German-wide listeriosis outbreak with 39 genetically related cases occurring between 2014 and 2019. Three patients died as a result of listeriosis. After identification of HCF in different regions of Germany for at least 13 cases as places of exposure, investigational tracing of food supplies in six prioritized HCF revealed meat products from one company (X) as a commonality. Subsequently the outbreak strain was analysed in six isolates from ready-to-eat meat products and one isolate from the production environment of company X. No further Sigma1 cases were detected after recall of the meat products from the market and closure of company X (as of August 2020). CONCLUSIONS Interdisciplinary efforts including whole genome sequencing, epidemiological investigations in patients and investigational tracing of foods were essential to identify the source of infections, and thereby prevent further illnesses and deaths. This outbreak underlines the vulnerability of hospitalized patients for foodborne diseases, such as listeriosis. Food producers and HCF should minimize the risk of microbiological hazards when producing, selecting and preparing food for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raskit Lachmann
- FG35 Division of Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Halbedel
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Marlen Adler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie Becker
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Holzer
- FG35 Division of Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Idesbald Boone
- FG35 Division of Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Falkenhorst
- FG35 Division of Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kleta
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Stark
- FG35 Division of Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Luber
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Flieger
- FG11 Division of Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, Consultant Laboratory for Listeria, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Hendrik Wilking
- FG35 Division of Gastrointestinal Infections, Zoonoses and Tropical Infections, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Lund BM. Provision of microbiologically safe food for vulnerable people in hospitals, care homes and in the community. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Lopez-Valladares G, Danielsson-Tham ML, Tham W. Implicated Food Products for Listeriosis and Changes in Serovars of Listeria monocytogenes Affecting Humans in Recent Decades. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:387-397. [PMID: 29958028 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a foodborne disease with a high fatality rate, and infection is mostly transmitted through ready-to-eat (RTE) foods contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes, such as gravad/smoked fish, soft cheeses, and sliced processed delicatessen (deli) meat. Food products/dishes stored in vacuum or in modified atmospheres and with extended refrigerator shelf lives provide an opportunity for L. monocytogenes to multiply to large numbers toward the end of the shelf life. Elderly, pregnant women, neonates, and immunocompromised individuals are particularly susceptible to L. monocytogenes. Listeriosis in humans manifests primarily as septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, gastrointestinal infection, and abortion. In the mid 1990s and early 2000s a shift from L. monocytogenes serovar 4b to serovar 1/2a causing human listeriosis occurred, and serovar 1/2a is becoming more frequently linked to outbreaks of listeriosis, particularly in Europe and Northern America. Consumer lifestyle has changed, and less time is available for food preparation. Modern lifestyle has markedly changed eating habits worldwide, with a consequent increased demand for RTE foods; therefore, more RTE and take away foods are consumed. There is a concern that many Listeria outbreaks are reported from hospitals. Therefore, it is vitally important that foods (especially cooked and chilled) delivered to hospitals and residential homes for senior citizens and elderly people are reheated to at least 72°C: cold food, such as turkey deli meat and cold-smoked and gravad salmon should be free from L. monocytogenes. Several countries have zero tolerance for RTE foods that support the growth of Listeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Lopez-Valladares
- School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University , Grythyttan, Sweden
| | | | - Wilhelm Tham
- School of Hospitality, Culinary Arts and Meal Science, Örebro University , Grythyttan, Sweden
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8
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Rodríguez-López P, Rodríguez-Herrera JJ, Vázquez-Sánchez D, López Cabo M. Current Knowledge on Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Food-Related Environments: Incidence, Resistance to Biocides, Ecology and Biocontrol. Foods 2018; 7:E85. [PMID: 29874801 PMCID: PMC6025129 DOI: 10.3390/foods7060085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many efforts have been made to control Listeria monocytogenes in the food industry, growing pervasiveness amongst the population over the last decades has made this bacterium considered to be one of the most hazardous foodborne pathogens. Its outstanding biocide tolerance capacity and ability to promiscuously associate with other bacterial species forming multispecies communities have permitted this microorganism to survive and persist within the industrial environment. This review is designed to give the reader an overall picture of the current state-of-the-art in L. monocytogenes sessile communities in terms of food safety and legislation, ecological aspects and biocontrol strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rodríguez-López
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Juan José Rodríguez-Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Daniel Vázquez-Sánchez
- "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), 11, Av. Pádua Dias, 13418-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta López Cabo
- Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products (MICROTEC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 6, Eduardo Cabello, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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9
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Camargo AC, Woodward JJ, Call DR, Nero LA. Listeria monocytogenes in Food-Processing Facilities, Food Contamination, and Human Listeriosis: The Brazilian Scenario. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:623-636. [PMID: 28767285 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2016.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that contaminates food-processing environments and persists within biofilms on equipment, utensils, floors, and drains, ultimately reaching final products by cross-contamination. This pathogen grows even under high salt conditions or refrigeration temperatures, remaining viable in various food products until the end of their shelf life. While the estimated incidence of listeriosis is lower than other enteric illnesses, infections caused by L. monocytogenes are more likely to lead to hospitalizations and fatalities. Despite the description of L. monocytogenes occurrence in Brazilian food-processing facilities and foods, there is a lack of consistent data regarding listeriosis cases and outbreaks directly associated with food consumption. Listeriosis requires rapid treatment with antibiotics and most drugs suitable for Gram-positive bacteria are effective against L. monocytogenes. Only a minority of clinical antibiotic-resistant L. monocytogenes strains have been described so far; whereas many strains recovered from food-processing facilities and foods exhibited resistance to antimicrobials not suitable against listeriosis. L. monocytogenes control in food industries is a challenge, demanding proper cleaning and application of sanitization procedures to eliminate this foodborne pathogen from the food-processing environment and ensure food safety. This review focuses on presenting the L. monocytogenes distribution in food-processing environment, food contamination, and control in the food industry, as well as the consequences of listeriosis to human health, providing a comparison of the current Brazilian situation with the international scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Carlos Camargo
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Ruben Call
- 3 Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Luís Augusto Nero
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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10
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Gelbíčová T, Pantůček R, Karpíšková R. Virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in Listeria monocytogenes
serotype 1/2c isolated from food. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:569-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Gelbíčová
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | - R. Pantůček
- Department of Experimental Biology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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11
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Outbreak of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis and invasive infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes, Finland, 2012. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:2732-42. [PMID: 26493730 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
During one week in July 2012, two patients from the same ward at the municipal hospital in Vaasa, Finland, were diagnosed with septicaemia caused by Listeria monocytogenes. An outbreak investigation revealed eight concomitant cases of febrile gastroenteritis caused by L. monocytogenes on the same ward. Median age of the cases was 82 years and median incubation time for listerial gastroenteritis was 21 h (range 9-107). An additional 10 cases of invasive listeriosis caused by the same outbreak strain were identified across the whole country during the summer of 2012. Environmental investigation at the affected municipal hospital ward revealed ready-sliced meat jelly as the suspected source of the infection. During inspection of the meat jelly production plant, one pooled sample taken from a floor drain and a trolley wheel in the food processing environment was positive for the outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes. After the producer stopped the production of meat jelly, no further cases of listeriosis with the outbreak strain were identified via nationwide surveillance.
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12
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Otter C, Breyfogle N, Brooke JL, Webel MK, Klingle M, Otter C, Price-Smith A, Walker BL, Nash L. Forum: Technology, Ecology, and Human Health Since 1850. ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY 2015; 20:710-804. [PMID: 32288485 PMCID: PMC7108555 DOI: 10.1093/envhis/emv113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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13
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Najjar Z, Gupta L, Sintchenko V, Shadbolt C, Wang Q, Bansal N. Listeriosis cluster in Sydney linked to hospital food. Med J Aust 2015; 202:448-9. [PMID: 25929511 DOI: 10.5694/mja14.00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Najjar
- Sydney Local Health District Public Health Unit, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Leena Gupta
- Sydney Local Health District Public Health Unit, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Craig Shadbolt
- Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Narinder Bansal
- NSW Forensic and Analytical Science Services, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Currie A, Farber JM, Nadon C, Sharma D, Whitfield Y, Gaulin C, Galanis E, Bekal S, Flint J, Tschetter L, Pagotto F, Lee B, Jamieson F, Badiani T, MacDonald D, Ellis A, May-Hadford J, McCormick R, Savelli C, Middleton D, Allen V, Tremblay FW, MacDougall L, Hoang L, Shyng S, Everett D, Chui L, Louie M, Bangura H, Levett PN, Wilkinson K, Wylie J, Reid J, Major B, Engel D, Douey D, Huszczynski G, Di Lecci J, Strazds J, Rousseau J, Ma K, Isaac L, Sierpinska U. Multi-Province Listeriosis Outbreak Linked to Contaminated Deli Meat Consumed Primarily in Institutional Settings, Canada, 2008. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:645-52. [PMID: 26258258 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.1939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-province outbreak of listeriosis occurred in Canada from June to November 2008. Fifty-seven persons were infected with 1 of 3 similar outbreak strains defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 24 (42%) individuals died. Forty-one (72%) of 57 individuals were residents of long-term care facilities or hospital inpatients during their exposure period. Descriptive epidemiology, product traceback, and detection of the outbreak strains of Listeria monocytogenes in food samples and the plant environment confirmed delicatessen meat manufactured by one establishment and purchased primarily by institutions was the source of the outbreak. The food safety investigation identified a plant environment conducive to the introduction and proliferation of L. monocytogenes and persistently contaminated with Listeria spp. This outbreak demonstrated the need for improved listeriosis surveillance, strict control of L. monocytogenes in establishments producing ready-to-eat foods, and advice to vulnerable populations and institutions serving these populations regarding which high-risk foods to avoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Currie
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey M Farber
- 2 Bureau of Microbial Hazards , Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Céline Nadon
- 3 National Microbiology Laboratory , Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Yvonne Whitfield
- 5 Public Health Division, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colette Gaulin
- 6 Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec , Québec, Province de Québec, Canada
| | - Eleni Galanis
- 7 Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sadjia Bekal
- 8 Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec , Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, Province de Québec, Canada
| | - James Flint
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorelee Tschetter
- 3 National Microbiology Laboratory , Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Franco Pagotto
- 2 Bureau of Microbial Hazards , Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Lee
- 5 Public Health Division, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred Jamieson
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Badiani
- 5 Public Health Division, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane MacDonald
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Ellis
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer May-Hadford
- 9 Canadian Field Epidemiology Program, Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel McCormick
- 9 Canadian Field Epidemiology Program, Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carmen Savelli
- 1 Centre for Foodborne, Environmental, and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases , Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dean Middleton
- 5 Public Health Division, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Allen
- 10 Provincial Public Health Laboratory, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Laura MacDougall
- 7 Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Linda Hoang
- 11 British Columbia Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sion Shyng
- 12 Environmental Health Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Linda Chui
- 14 Provincial Laboratory for Public Health , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marie Louie
- 14 Provincial Laboratory for Public Health , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Helen Bangura
- 15 Saskatchewan Ministry of Health , Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Paul N Levett
- 16 Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory , Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Krista Wilkinson
- 17 Manitoba Health , Healthy Living and Seniors, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John Wylie
- 18 Cadham Provincial Laboratory , Manitoba Health, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janet Reid
- 19 New Brunswick Enteric Reference Laboratory , Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Brian Major
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dave Engel
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Douey
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joe Di Lecci
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Strazds
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josée Rousseau
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Ma
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leah Isaac
- 4 Canadian Food Inspection Agency , Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Cutro SR, Dean R, Phillips MS. Implementation of a Restricted Foods Policy at a Large Academic Medical Center. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014; 35:749-51. [DOI: 10.1086/676439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Silk BJ, McCoy MH, Iwamoto M, Griffin PM. Foodborne listeriosis acquired in hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 59:532-40. [PMID: 24846635 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is characterized by bacteremia or meningitis. We searched for listeriosis case series and outbreak investigations published in English by 2013, and assessed the strength of evidence for foodborne acquisition among patients who ate hospital food. We identified 30 reports from 13 countries. Among the case series, the median proportion of cases considered to be hospital-acquired was 25% (range, 9%-67%). The median number of outbreak-related illnesses considered to be hospital-acquired was 4.0 (range, 2-16). All patients were immunosuppressed in 18 of 24 (75%) reports with available data. Eight outbreak reports with strong evidence for foodborne acquisition in a hospital implicated sandwiches (3 reports), butter, precut celery, Camembert cheese, sausage, and tuna salad (1 report each). Foodborne acquisition of listeriosis among hospitalized patients is well documented internationally. The number of listeriosis cases could be reduced substantially by establishing hospital policies for safe food preparation for immunocompromised patients and by not serving them higher-risk foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Silk
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Morgan H McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Martha Iwamoto
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patricia M Griffin
- Enteric Diseases Epidemiology Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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17
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Ferreira V, Wiedmann M, Teixeira P, Stasiewicz MJ. Listeria monocytogenes persistence in food-associated environments: epidemiology, strain characteristics, and implications for public health. J Food Prot 2014; 77:150-70. [PMID: 24406014 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 10 to 15 years, increasing evidence suggests that persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing plants for years or even decades is an important factor in the transmission of this foodborne pathogen and the root cause of a number of human listeriosis outbreaks. L. monocytogenes persistence in other food-associated environments (e.g., farms and retail establishments) may also contribute to food contamination and transmission of the pathogen to humans. Although L. monocytogenes persistence is typically identified through isolation of a specific molecular subtype from samples collected in a given environment over time, formal (statistical) criteria for identification of persistence are undefined. Environmental factors (e.g., facilities and equipment that are difficult to clean) have been identified as key contributors to persistence; however, the mechanisms are less well understood. Although some researchers have reported that persistent strains possess specific characteristics that may facilitate persistence (e.g., biofilm formation and better adaptation to stress conditions), other researchers have not found significant differences between persistent and nonpersistent strains in the phenotypic characteristics that might facilitate persistence. This review includes a discussion of our current knowledge concerning some key issues associated with the persistence of L. monocytogenes, with special focus on (i) persistence in food processing plants and other food-associated environments, (ii) persistence in the general environment, (iii) phenotypic and genetic characteristics of persistent strains, (iv) niches, and (v) public health and economic implications of persistence. Although the available data clearly indicate that L. monocytogenes persistence at various stages of the food chain contributes to contamination of finished products, continued efforts to quantitatively integrate data on L. monocytogenes persistence (e.g., meta-analysis or quantitative microbial risk assessment) will be needed to advance our understanding of persistence of this pathogen and its economic and public health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ferreira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - M Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - P Teixeira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Stasiewicz
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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18
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Cartwright EJ, Jackson KA, Johnson SD, Graves LM, Silk BJ, Mahon BE. Listeriosis outbreaks and associated food vehicles, United States, 1998-2008. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:1-9; quiz 184. [PMID: 23260661 PMCID: PMC3557980 DOI: 10.3201/eid1901.120393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreak investigations can identify industrial gaps and regulatory measures to protect food. Listeria monocytogenes, a bacterial foodborne pathogen, can cause meningitis, bacteremia, and complications during pregnancy. This report summarizes listeriosis outbreaks reported to the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1998–2008. The study period includes the advent of PulseNet (a national molecular subtyping network for outbreak detection) in 1998 and the Listeria Initiative (enhanced surveillance for outbreak investigation) in 2004. Twenty-four confirmed listeriosis outbreaks were reported during 1998–2008, resulting in 359 illnesses, 215 hospitalizations, and 38 deaths. Outbreaks earlier in the study period were generally larger and longer. Serotype 4b caused the largest number of outbreaks and outbreak-associated cases. Ready-to-eat meats caused more early outbreaks, and novel vehicles (i.e., sprouts, taco/nacho salad) were associated with outbreaks later in the study period. These changes may reflect the effect of PulseNet and the Listeria Initiative and regulatory initiatives designed to prevent contamination in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.
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19
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Current knowledge and perspectives on biofilm formation: the case of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:957-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Wang HL, Ghanem KG, Wang P, Yang S, Li TS. Listeriosis at a tertiary care hospital in beijing, china: high prevalence of nonclustered healthcare-associated cases among adult patients. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:666-76. [PMID: 23175565 PMCID: PMC3563391 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-eight cases of listeriosis over a 12-year period from inpatients at a tertiary care hospital in China were reviewed. We found a high prevalence of healthcare-associated cases that did not cluster in time and space. Background. Listeriosis is an emerging infectious disease associated with high mortality. There are few published reports from East Asia and developing countries. Our goal was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes at a tertiary care hospital in Beijing, China. Methods. Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), an 1800-bed hospital, consists of 2 campuses that house different medical departments. We retrospectively reviewed all culture-proven cases of listeriosis occurring at PUMCH between 1999 and 2011. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals are presented. Results. There were 38 patients with listeriosis: 5 neonatal, 8 maternal, and 25 nonmaternal. The median age of the adult nonmaternal patients was 47 (range, 18–79) years with a female predominance (72%). Forty percent (n = 10) had an underlying rheumatic disease. Forty-four percent of cases (n = 11) were healthcare-associated infections occurring a median of 20 (range, 3–44) days after hospital admission. Only 2 of the 11 healthcare-associated cases clustered in space and time. One healthcare-associated case occurred in a patient receiving KHI-272 therapy, an oral, irreversible dual EGFR/HER2 inhibitor. The neonatal and maternal listeriosis cases were similar to those reported in the literature. Conclusions. Nonclustered healthcare-associated cases of L. monocytogenes occurred at a large tertiary care hospital in Beijing, China. The source of these infections is unclear. Although rare, in the setting of immunosuppression, Listeria should be considered in the differential diagnosis of healthcare-associated infections, even in the absence of a point-source outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ling Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Silk BJ, Date KA, Jackson KA, Pouillot R, Holt KG, Graves LM, Ong KL, Hurd S, Meyer R, Marcus R, Shiferaw B, Norton DM, Medus C, Zansky SM, Cronquist AB, Henao OL, Jones TF, Vugia DJ, Farley MM, Mahon BE. Invasive listeriosis in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), 2004-2009: further targeted prevention needed for higher-risk groups. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54 Suppl 5:S396-404. [PMID: 22572660 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeriosis can cause severe disease, especially in fetuses, neonates, older adults, and persons with certain immunocompromising and chronic conditions. We summarize US population-based surveillance data for invasive listeriosis from 2004 through 2009. METHODS We analyzed Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) data for patients with Listeria monocytogenes isolated from normally sterile sites. We describe the epidemiology of listeriosis, estimate overall and specific incidence rates, and compare pregnancy-associated and nonpregnancy-associated listeriosis by age and ethnicity. RESULTS A total of 762 listeriosis cases were identified during the 6-year reporting period, including 126 pregnancy-associated cases (17%), 234 nonpregnancy-associated cases(31%) in patients aged <65 years, and 400 nonpregnancy-associated cases (53%) in patients aged ≥ 65 years. Eighteen percent of all cases were fatal. Meningitis was diagnosed in 44% of neonates. For 2004-2009, the overall annual incidence of listeriosis varied from 0.25 to 0.32 cases per 100,000 population. Among Hispanic women, the crude incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis increased from 5.09 to 12.37 cases per 100,000 for the periods of 2004-2006 and 2007-2009, respectively; among non-Hispanic women, pregnancy-associated listeriosis increased from 1.74 to 2.80 cases per 100,000 for the same periods. Incidence rates of nonpregnancy-associated listeriosis in patients aged ≥ 65 years were 4-5 times greater than overall rates annually. CONCLUSIONS Overall listeriosis incidence did not change significantly from 2004 through 2009. Further targeted prevention is needed, including food safety education and messaging (eg, avoiding Mexican-style cheese during pregnancy). Effective prevention among pregnant women, especially Hispanics, and older adults would substantially affect overall rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Silk
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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22
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Gaul LK, Farag NH, Shim T, Kingsley MA, Silk BJ, Hyytia-Trees E. Hospital-acquired listeriosis outbreak caused by contaminated diced celery--Texas, 2010. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:20-6. [PMID: 22997210 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes causes often-fatal infections affecting mainly immunocompromised persons. Sources of hospital-acquired listeriosis outbreaks can be difficult to identify. We investigated a listeriosis outbreak spanning 7 months and involving 5 hospitals. METHODS Outbreak-related cases were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and confirmed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). We conducted patient interviews, medical records reviews, and hospital food source evaluations. Food and environmental specimens were collected at a hospital (hospital A) where 6 patients had been admitted before listeriosis onset; these specimens were tested by culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and PFGE. We collected and tested food and environmental samples at the implicated processing facility. RESULTS Ten outbreak-related patients were immunocompromised by ≥1 underlying conditions or treatments; 5 died. All patients had been admitted to or visited an acute-care hospital during their possible incubation periods. The outbreak strain of L. monocytogenes was isolated from chicken salad and its diced celery ingredient at hospital A, and in 19 of >200 swabs of multiple surfaces and in 8 of 11 diced celery products at the processing plant. PCR testing detected Listeria in only 3 of 10 environmental and food samples from which it was isolated by culturing. The facility was closed, products were recalled, and the outbreak ended. CONCLUSIONS Contaminated diced celery caused a baffling, lengthy outbreak of hospital-acquired listeriosis. PCR testing often failed to detect the pathogen, suggesting its reliability should be further evaluated. Listeriosis risk should be considered in fresh produce selections for immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Knudson Gaul
- Emerging and Acute Infectious Diseases Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756, USA.
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23
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Hoelzer K, Pouillot R, Dennis S. Listeria monocytogenesGrowth Dynamics on Produce: A Review of the Available Data for Predictive Modeling. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:661-73. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hoelzer
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Régis Pouillot
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
| | - Sherri Dennis
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
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