1
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Zhang H, Hansson B. RecView: an interactive R application for locating recombination positions using pedigree data. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:712. [PMID: 38007417 PMCID: PMC10676570 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09807-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombination reshuffles alleles at linked loci, allowing genes to evolve independently and consequently enhancing the efficiency of selection. This makes quantifying recombination along chromosomes an important goal for understanding how selection and drift are acting on genes and chromosomes. RESULTS We present RecView, an interactive R application and its homonymous R package, to facilitate locating recombination positions along chromosomes or scaffolds using whole-genome genotype data of a three-generation pedigree. RecView analyses and plots the grandparent-of-origin of all informative alleles along each chromosome of the offspring in the pedigree, and infers recombination positions with either of two built-in algorithms: one based on change in the proportion of the alleles with specific grandparent-of-origin, and one on the degree of continuity of alleles with the same grandparent-of-origin. RecView handles multiple offspring and chromosomes simultaneously, and all putative recombination positions are reported in base pairs together with an estimated precision based on the local density of informative alleles. We demonstrate RecView using genotype data of a passerine bird with an available reference genome, the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus), and show that recombination events can be located to specific positions. CONCLUSIONS RecView is an easy-to-use and highly effective application for locating recombination positions with high precision. RecView is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/HKyleZhang/RecView.git ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden.
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2
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Zhang H, Lundberg M, Tarka M, Hasselquist D, Hansson B. Evidence of Site-Specific and Male-Biased Germline Mutation Rate in a Wild Songbird. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad180. [PMID: 37793164 PMCID: PMC10627410 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation and the raw material for organismal evolution. Despite their significance, the frequency and genomic locations of mutations, as well as potential sex bias, are yet to be widely investigated in most species. To address these gaps, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 12 great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in a pedigree spanning 3 generations to identify single-nucleotide de novo mutations (DNMs) and estimate the germline mutation rate. We detected 82 DNMs within the pedigree, primarily enriched at CpG sites but otherwise randomly located along the chromosomes. Furthermore, we observed a pronounced sex bias in DNM occurrence, with male warblers exhibiting three times more mutations than females. After correction for false negatives and adjusting for callable sites, we obtained a mutation rate of 7.16 × 10-9 mutations per site per generation (m/s/g) for the autosomes and 5.10 × 10-9 m/s/g for the Z chromosome. To demonstrate the utility of species-specific mutation rates, we applied our autosomal mutation rate in models reconstructing the demographic history of the great reed warbler. We uncovered signs of drastic population size reductions predating the last glacial period (LGP) and reduced gene flow between western and eastern populations during the LGP. In conclusion, our results provide one of the few direct estimates of the mutation rate in wild songbirds and evidence for male-driven mutations in accordance with theoretical expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Zhang
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Max Lundberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maja Tarka
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Adeola F, Lailvaux S. Bite force, body size, and octopamine mediate mating interactions in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1494-1502. [PMID: 37737492 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Mating interactions are rife with conflict because the evolutionary interests of males and females seldom coincide. Intersexual conflict affects sexual selection, yet the proximate factors underlying male coercive ability and female resistance are poorly understood. Male combat outcomes are often influenced by bite force, with superior biters being more likely to achieve victory over poorer biters in a range of species, including crickets. If good performers also achieve mating success through sexual coercion, then bite force might play a role in intersexual conflict as well. We tested the capacity of bite force to influence mating interactions in house crickets both directly by measuring bite forces of males and females and by altering male bite capacity through neuropharmacological manipulation. In addition, the invertebrate neurotransmitter octopamine both mediates aggression and underlies motivation to bite in male house crickets. By blocking octopamine receptors through the application of an antagonist, epinastine, we tested the effects of reduced bite force on male mating success. Our results show that male bite capacity, in combination with body size, influences both the likelihood and the outcomes of mating interactions, whereas treatment of males with epinastine eliminates motivation to mate. Our results suggest a functional role for bite force in affecting both sexual conflict and sexual selection and expand our knowledge of the influence of biogenic amines on reproductive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadeke Adeola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Simon Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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4
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Ouyang J, Wu Y, Li Y, Miao J, Zheng S, Tang H, Wang C, Xiong Y, Gao Y, Wang L, Yan X, Chen H. Identification of key candidate genes for wing length-related traits by whole-genome resequencing in 772 geese. Br Poult Sci 2022; 63:747-753. [PMID: 35848598 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2102889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. A total of 772, 420-day-old Xingguo gray geese (XGG) were sequenced using a low-depth (~1×) whole-genome resequencing strategy to reveal the genetic mechanism of wing length-related traits by genome-wide association analysis (GWAS).2. The results showed that 119 SNPs had genome-wide significance for wing length in five regions of chromosome 4, of which the most significant locus (P=7.95E-11) was located upstream of RBM47 and explained 7.3% of phenotypic variation.3. A total of 219 SNPs located on chromosome 4 that were associated with 2-joint-wing length, of which four SNPs reached the genome-wide significant level. However, for the length of 1-joint-wing and primary feather, we did not detect any associated locus.4. Six promising candidate genes, RBM47, SLAIN2, GRXCR1, SLC10A4, APBB2 and NSUN7 on chromosome 4, may play an important role in the growth and development of feathers, muscles and bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yongfei Wu
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junjie Miao
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sumei Zheng
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongbo Tang
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanpeng Xiong
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuren Gao
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luping Wang
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Hao Chen
- School of life science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
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5
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Rusuwa BB, Chung H, Allen SL, Frentiu FD, Chenoweth SF. Natural variation at a single gene generates sexual antagonism across fitness components in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3161-3169.e7. [PMID: 35700732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations with conflicting fitness effects in males and females accumulate in sexual populations, reducing their adaptive capacity.1,2 Although quantitative genetic studies indicate that sexually antagonistic polymorphisms are common,3-5 their molecular basis and population genetic properties remain poorly understood.6,7 Here, we show in fruit flies how natural variation at a single gene generates sexual antagonism through phenotypic effects on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) traits that function as both mate signals and protectors against abiotic stress8 across a latitudinal gradient. Tropical populations of Drosophila serrata have polymorphic CHCs producing sexual antagonism through opposing but sex-limited effects on these two fitness-related functions. We dissected this polymorphism to a single fatty-acyl CoA reductase gene, DsFAR2-B, that is expressed in oenocyte cells where CHCs are synthesized. RNAi-mediated disruption of the DsFAR2-B ortholog in D. melanogaster oenocytes affected CHCs in a similar way to that seen in D. serrata. Population genomic analysis revealed that balancing selection likely operates at the DsFAR2-B locus in the wild. Our study provides insights into the genetic basis of sexual antagonism in nature and connects sexually varying antagonistic selection on phenotypes with balancing selection on genotypes that maintains molecular variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco B Rusuwa
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; Department of Biological Sciences, Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Henry Chung
- Department of Entomology and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Scott L Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Francesca D Frentiu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Stephen F Chenoweth
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
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6
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Simon MN, Cespedes AM, Lailvaux SP. Sex-specific multivariate morphology/performance relationships in Anolis carolinensis. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:275160. [PMID: 35363299 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Animals rely on their ability to perform certain tasks sufficiently well to survive, secure mates, and reproduce. Performance traits depend on morphology, and so morphological traits should predict performance, yet this relationship is often confounded by multiple competing performance demands. Males and females experience different selection pressures on performance, and the consequent sexual conflict over performance expression can either constrain performance evolution or drive sexual dimorphism in both size and shape. Furthermore, change in a single morphological trait may benefit some performance traits at the expense of others, resulting in functional trade-offs. Identifying general or sex-specific relationships between morphology and performance at the organismal level thus requires a multivariate approach, as individuals are products both of an integrated phenotype and the ecological environment in which they have developed and evolved. We estimated the multivariate morphology→performance gradient in wild-caught, green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) by measuring external morphology and fore- and hindlimb musculature, and mapping these morphological traits to seven measured performance traits that cover the broad range of ecological challenges faced by these animals (sprint speed, endurance, exertion distance, climbing power, jump power, cling force, and bite force). We demonstrate that males and females differ in their multivariate mapping of traits on performance, indicating that sex-specific ecological demands likely shape these relationships, but do not differ in performance integration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann M Cespedes
- Biology Department, Delgado Community College, 615 City Park Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA
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7
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Klein K, Kokko H, Ten Brink H. Disentangling Verbal Arguments: Intralocus Sexual Conflict in Haplodiploids. Am Nat 2021; 198:678-693. [PMID: 34762569 DOI: 10.1086/716908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn haplodiploids, (1) alleles spend twice as many generations in females as in males, (2) males are never heterozygous and therefore express recessive alleles, and (3) males sire daughters but not sons. Intralocus sexual conflict therefore operates differently in haplodiploids than in diploids and shares strong similarities with loci on X (or Z) chromosomes. The common co-occurrence of all three features makes it difficult to pinpoint their respective roles. However, they do not always co-occur in nature, and missing cases can be additionally studied with hypothetical life cycles. We model sexually antagonistic alleles in eight different sex determination systems and find that arguments 1 and 2 promote invasion and fixation of female-beneficial and male-beneficial alleles, respectively; argument 2 also improves prospects for polymorphism. Argument 3 harms the invasion prospects of sexually antagonistic alleles (irrespective of which sex benefits) but promotes fixation should invasion nevertheless occur. Disentangling the features helps to evaluate the validity of previous verbal arguments and yields better-informed predictions about intralocus sexual conflict under different sex determination systems, including hitherto undiscovered ones.
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8
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Evidence for genetic integration of mating behavior and morphology in a behaviorally plastic alternative reproductive tactic. Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Videlier M, Rundle HD, Careau V. Sex-specific genetic (co)variances of standard metabolic rate, body mass and locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1279-1289. [PMID: 34107129 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A longstanding focus in evolutionary physiology concerns the causes and consequences of variation in maintenance metabolism. Insight into this can be gained by estimating the sex-specific genetic architecture of maintenance metabolism alongside other, potentially correlated traits on which selection may also act, such as body mass and locomotor activity. This may reveal potential genetic constraints affecting the evolution of maintenance metabolism. Here, we used a half-sibling breeding design to quantify the sex-specific patterns of genetic (co)variance in standard metabolic rate (SMR), body mass and daily locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster. There was detectable additive genetic variance for all traits in both sexes. As expected, SMR and body mass were strongly and positively correlated, with genetic allometry exponents (bA ± SE) that were close to 2/3 in females (0.66 ± 0.16) and males (0.58 ± 0.32). There was a significant and positive genetic correlation between SMR and locomotor activity in males, suggesting that alleles that increase locomotion have pleiotropic effects on SMR. Sexual differences in the genetic architecture were largely driven by a difference in genetic variance in locomotor activity between the sexes. Overall, genetic variation was mostly shared between males and females, setting the stage for a potential intralocus sexual conflict in the face of sexually antagonistic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Careau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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10
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Flintham EO, Savolainen V, Mullon C. Dispersal Alters the Nature and Scope of Sexually Antagonistic Variation. Am Nat 2021; 197:543-559. [PMID: 33908829 DOI: 10.1086/713739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntralocus sexual conflict, or sexual antagonism, occurs when alleles have opposing fitness effects in the two sexes. Previous theory suggests that sexual antagonism is a driver of genetic variation by generating balancing selection. However, most of these studies assume that populations are well mixed, neglecting the effects of spatial subdivision. Here, we use mathematical modeling to show that limited dispersal changes evolution at sexually antagonistic autosomal and X-linked loci as a result of inbreeding and sex-specific kin competition. We find that if the sexes disperse at different rates, kin competition within the philopatric sex biases intralocus conflict in favor of the more dispersive sex. Furthermore, kin competition diminishes the strength of balancing selection relative to genetic drift, reducing genetic variation in small subdivided populations. Meanwhile, by decreasing heterozygosity, inbreeding reduces the scope for sexually antagonistic polymorphism due to nonadditive allelic effects, and this occurs to a greater extent on the X chromosome than autosomes. Overall, our results indicate that spatial structure is a relevant factor in predicting where sexually antagonistic alleles might be observed. We suggest that sex-specific dispersal ecology and demography can contribute to interspecific and intragenomic variation in sexual antagonism.
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11
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Brlík V, Malmiga G, Dimitrov D, Emmenegger T, Gavrilov A, Hasselquist D, Peev S, Willemoes M, Yohannes E, Hahn S, Hansson B, Procházka P. Population-specific assessment of carry-over effects across the range of a migratory songbird. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Sigeman H, Ponnikas S, Chauhan P, Dierickx E, Brooke MDL, Hansson B. Repeated sex chromosome evolution in vertebrates supported by expanded avian sex chromosomes. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192051. [PMID: 31771477 PMCID: PMC6939255 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes have evolved from the same autosomes multiple times across vertebrates, suggesting that selection for recombination suppression has acted repeatedly and independently on certain genetic backgrounds. Here, we perform comparative genomics of a bird clade (larks and their sister lineage; Alaudidae and Panuridae) where multiple autosome-sex chromosome fusions appear to have formed expanded sex chromosomes. We detected the largest known avian sex chromosome (195.3 Mbp) and show that it originates from fusions between parts of four avian chromosomes: Z, 3, 4A and 5. Within these four chromosomes, we found evidence of five evolutionary strata where recombination had been suppressed at different time points, and show that stratum age explained the divergence rate of Z-W gametologs. Next, we analysed chromosome content and found that chromosome 3 was significantly enriched for genes with predicted sex-related functions. Finally, we demonstrate extensive homology to sex chromosomes in other vertebrate lineages: chromosomes Z, 3, 4A and 5 have independently evolved into sex chromosomes in fish (Z), turtles (Z, 5), lizards (Z, 4A), mammals (Z, 4A) and frogs (Z, 3, 4A, 5). Our results provide insights into and support for repeated evolution of sex chromosomes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Sigeman
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Suvi Ponnikas
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pallavi Chauhan
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisa Dierickx
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, UK
| | - M. de L. Brooke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EJ, UK
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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13
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Heinen‐Kay JL, Strub DB, Balenger SL, Zuk M. Direct and indirect effects of sexual signal loss on female reproduction in the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus). J Evol Biol 2019; 32:1382-1390. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justa L. Heinen‐Kay
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | - Daina B. Strub
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
| | | | - Marlene Zuk
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USA
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14
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Hill MS, Reuter M, Stewart AJ. Sexual antagonism drives the displacement of polymorphism across gene regulatory cascades. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190660. [PMID: 31161912 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Males and females have different reproductive roles and are often subject to contrasting selection pressures. This sexual antagonism can lead, at a given locus, to different alleles being favoured in each sex and, consequently, to genetic variation being maintained in a population. Although the presence of sexually antagonistic (SA) polymorphisms has been documented across a range of species, their evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we study SA selection on gene expression, which is fundamental to sexual dimorphism, via the evolution of regulatory binding sites. We show that for sites longer than 1 nucleotide, expression polymorphism is maintained only when intermediate expression levels are deleterious to both sexes. We then show that, in a regulatory cascade, expression polymorphism tends to become displaced over evolutionary time from the target of SA selection to upstream regulators. Our results have consequences for understanding the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and provide specific empirical predictions for the regulatory architecture of genes under SA selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Hill
- 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA.,2 Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London , London , UK
| | - Max Reuter
- 2 Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London , London , UK
| | - Alexander J Stewart
- 3 Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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15
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Regan CE, Tuke LA, Colpitts J, McLoughlin PD, Wilson AJ, Poissant J. Evolutionary quantitative genetics of juvenile body size in a population of feral horses reveals sexually antagonistic selection. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Liotta MN, Abbott JK, Rios-Cardenas O, Morris MR. Tactical dimorphism: the interplay between body shape and mating behaviour in the swordtail Xiphophorus multilineatus (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa N Liotta
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Oscar Rios-Cardenas
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., Red de Biología Evolutiva, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Molly R Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Ohio Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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17
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Ruzicka F, Hill MS, Pennell TM, Flis I, Ingleby FC, Mott R, Fowler K, Morrow EH, Reuter M. Genome-wide sexually antagonistic variants reveal long-standing constraints on sexual dimorphism in fruit flies. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000244. [PMID: 31022179 PMCID: PMC6504117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of sexual dimorphism is constrained by a shared genome, leading to ‘sexual antagonism’, in which different alleles at given loci are favoured by selection in males and females. Despite its wide taxonomic incidence, we know little about the identity, genomic location, and evolutionary dynamics of antagonistic genetic variants. To address these deficits, we use sex-specific fitness data from 202 fully sequenced hemiclonal Drosophila melanogaster fly lines to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sexual antagonism. We identify approximately 230 chromosomal clusters of candidate antagonistic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In contradiction to classic theory, we find no clear evidence that the X chromosome is a hot spot for sexually antagonistic variation. Characterising antagonistic SNPs functionally, we find a large excess of missense variants but little enrichment in terms of gene function. We also assess the evolutionary persistence of antagonistic variants by examining extant polymorphism in wild D. melanogaster populations and closely related species. Remarkably, antagonistic variants are associated with multiple signatures of balancing selection across the D. melanogaster distribution range and in their sister species D. simulans, indicating widespread and evolutionarily persistent (about 1 million years) genomic constraints on the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Based on our results, we propose that antagonistic variation accumulates because of constraints on the resolution of sexual conflict over protein coding sequences, thus contributing to the long-term maintenance of heritable fitness variation. This study characterises antagonistic loci across the genome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, finding them to be preferentially associated with variation in coding sequences and to be selectively maintained across worldwide populations of D. melanogaster, and even its sister species D. simulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ruzicka
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Hill
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tanya M. Pennell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Ilona Flis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona C. Ingleby
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mott
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Fowler
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward H. Morrow
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MR); (EHM)
| | - Max Reuter
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (MR); (EHM)
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Lailvaux SP, Cespedes AM, Houslay TM. Conflict, compensation, and plasticity: Sex-specific, individual-level trade-offs in green anole (Anolis carolinensis) performance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2019; 331:280-289. [PMID: 30942562 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trade-offs in performance expression occur because animals must perform multiple whole-organism performance tasks that place conflicting demands on shared underlying morphology. Although not always detectable within populations, such trade-offs may be apparent when analyzed at the level of the individual, particularly when all of the available data are taken into account as opposed to only maximum values. Detection of performance trade-offs is further complicated in species where sexual dimorphism drives performance differences between males and females, leading potentially to differing patterns of trade-offs within each sex. We tested for within- and between-individual trade-offs among three whole-organism performance traits (sprint speed, endurance, and bite force) in adult male and female Anolis carolinensis lizards using all of the measured performance data. Sprinting and endurance did not trade-off among individuals in either sex, but we found a significant negative among-individual relationship between sprint speed and bite force in females only, likely driven by the mechanical burden of larger than optimal heads imposed on females through intralocus sexual conflict. We also found evidence for marked within-individual plasticity in male bite force, but no within-individual trade-offs between any traits in either sex. These data offer new insight into the sex-specific nature of performance trade-offs and plasticity and, ultimately, into the constraints on multivariate performance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ann M Cespedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Thomas M Houslay
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Molecular evidence supports a genic capture resolution of the lek paradox. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1359. [PMID: 30911052 PMCID: PMC6433924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genic capture hypothesis, where sexually selected traits capture genetic variation in condition and the condition reflects genome-wide mutation load, stands to explain the presence of abundant genetic variation underlying sexually selected traits. Here we test this hypothesis by applying bidirectional selection to male mating success for 14 generations in replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster. We then resequenced the genomes of flies from each population. Consistent with the central predictions of the genic capture hypothesis, we show that genetic variance decreased with success selection and increased with failure selection, providing evidence for purifying sexual selection. This pattern was distributed across the genome and no consistent molecular pathways were associated with divergence, consistent with condition being the target of selection. Together, our results provide molecular evidence suggesting that strong sexual selection erodes genetic variation, and that genome-wide mutation-selection balance contributes to its maintenance.
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20
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Roved J, Hansson B, Tarka M, Hasselquist D, Westerdahl H. Evidence for sexual conflict over major histocompatibility complex diversity in a wild songbird. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 285:rspb.2018.0841. [PMID: 30068671 PMCID: PMC6111173 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in parasite load and immune responses are found across a wide range of animals, with females generally having lower parasite loads and stronger immune responses than males. Intrigued by these general patterns, we investigated if there was any sign of sex-specific selection on an essential component of adaptive immunity that is known to affect fitness, the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) genes, in a 20-year study of great reed warblers. Our analyses on fitness related to MHC-I diversity showed a highly significant interaction between MHC-I diversity and sex, where males with higher, and females with lower, MHC-I diversity were more successful in recruiting offspring. Importantly, mean MHC-I diversity did not differ between males and females, and consequently neither sex reached its MHC-I fitness optimum. Thus, there is an unresolved genetic sexual conflict over MHC-I diversity in great reed warblers. Selection from pathogens is known to maintain MHC diversity, but previous theory ignores that the immune environments are considerably different in males and females. Our results suggest that sexually antagonistic selection is an important, previously neglected, force in the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity, and have implications for evolutionary understanding of costs of immune responses and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Roved
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maja Tarka
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dennis Hasselquist
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Westerdahl
- Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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21
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Female-biased dispersal and non-random gene flow of MC1R variants do not result in a migration load in barn owls. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:305-314. [PMID: 30006569 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-random gene flow is a widely neglected force in evolution and ecology. This genotype-dependent dispersal is difficult to assess, yet can impact the genetic variation of natural populations and their fitness. In this work, we demonstrate a high immigration rate of barn owls (Tyto alba) inside a Swiss population surveyed during 15 years. Using ten microsatellite loci as an indirect method to characterize dispersal, two-third of the genetic tests failed to detect a female-biased dispersal, and Monte Carlo simulations confirmed a low statistical power to detect sex-biased dispersal in case of high dispersal rate of both sexes. The capture-recapture data revealed a female-biased dispersal associated with an excess of heterozygote for the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R), which is responsible for their ventral rufous coloration. Thus, female homozygotes for the MC1RWHITE allele might be negatively selected during dispersal. Despite the higher immigration of females that are heterozygote at MC1R, non-random gene flow should not lead to a migration load regarding this gene because we did not detect an effect of MC1R on survival and reproductive success in our local population. The present study highlights the usefulness of using multiple methods to correctly decrypt dispersal and gene flow. Moreover, despite theoretical expectations, we show that non-random dispersal of particular genotypes does not necessarily lead to migration load in recipient populations.
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22
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Ponnikas S, Sigeman H, Abbott JK, Hansson B. Why Do Sex Chromosomes Stop Recombining? Trends Genet 2018; 34:492-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Turner TR, Schmitt CA, Cramer JD, Lorenz J, Grobler JP, Jolly CJ, Freimer NB. Morphological variation in the genus Chlorocebus: Ecogeographic and anthropogenically mediated variation in body mass, postcranial morphology, and growth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:682-707. [PMID: 29577231 PMCID: PMC6039265 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Direct comparative work in morphology and growth on widely dispersed wild primate taxa is rarely accomplished, yet critical to understanding ecogeographic variation, plastic local variation in response to human impacts, and variation in patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism. We investigated population variation in morphology and growth in response to geographic variables (i.e., latitude, altitude), climatic variables (i.e., temperature and rainfall), and human impacts in the vervet monkey (Chlorocebus spp.). METHODS We trapped over 1,600 wild vervets from across Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, and compared measurements of body mass, body length, and relative thigh, leg, and foot length in four well-represented geographic samples: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and St. Kitts & Nevis. RESULTS We found significant variation in body mass and length consistent with Bergmann's Rule in adult females, and in adult males when excluding the St. Kitts & Nevis population, which was more sexually dimorphic. Contrary to Rensch's Rule, although the South African population had the largest average body size, it was the least dimorphic. There was significant, although very small, variation in all limb segments in support for Allen's Rule. Females in high human impact areas were heavier than those with moderate exposures, while those in low human impact areas were lighter; human impacts had no effect on males. CONCLUSIONS Vervet monkeys appear to have adapted to local climate as predicted by Bergmann's and, less consistently, Allen's Rule, while also responding in predicted ways to human impacts. To better understand deviations from predicted patterns will require further comparative work in vervets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy R. Turner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin –
Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein,
FS, South Africa
| | - Christopher A. Schmitt
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215,
USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California
– Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer Danzy Cramer
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Women's Studies,
American Military University and American Public University, Charles Town, WV 25414,
USA
| | - Joseph Lorenz
- Department of Anthropology and Museum Studies, Central Washington
University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA
| | - J. Paul Grobler
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein,
FS, South Africa
| | - Clifford J. Jolly
- CSHO, Department of Anthropology, New York University, and NYCEP,
New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California
– Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Fargallo JA, Martínez F, Wakamatsu K, Serrano D, Blanco G. Sex-Dependent Expression and Fitness Consequences of Sunlight-Derived Color Phenotypes. Am Nat 2018; 191:726-743. [DOI: 10.1086/697218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Han CS, Dingemanse NJ. Sex-dependent expression of behavioural genetic architectures and the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1658. [PMID: 28978735 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical studies imply that sex-specific genetic architectures can resolve evolutionary conflicts between males and females, and thereby facilitate the evolution of sexual dimorphism. Sex-specificity of behavioural genetic architectures has, however, rarely been considered. Moreover, as the expression of genetic (co)variances is often environment-dependent, general inferences on sex-specific genetic architectures require estimates of quantitative genetics parameters under multiple conditions. We measured exploration and aggression in pedigreed populations of southern field crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus) raised on either naturally balanced (free-choice) or imbalanced (protein-deprived) diets. For each dietary condition, we measured for each behavioural trait (i) level of sexual dimorphism, (ii) level of sex-specificity of survival selection gradients, (iii) level of sex-specificity of additive genetic variance, and (iv) strength of the cross-sex genetic correlation. We report here evidence for sexual dimorphism in behaviour as well as sex-specificity in the expression of genetic (co)variances as predicted by theory. The additive genetic variances of exploration and aggression were significantly greater in males compared with females. Cross-sex genetic correlations were highly positive for exploration but deviating (significantly) from one for aggression; findings were consistent across dietary treatments. This suggests that genetic architectures characterize the sexually dimorphic focal behaviours across various key environmental conditions in the wild. Our finding also highlights that sexual conflict can be resolved by evolving sexually independent genetic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang S Han
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Niels J Dingemanse
- Behavioural Ecology, Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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26
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Hansson B, Sigeman H, Stervander M, Tarka M, Ponnikas S, Strandh M, Westerdahl H, Hasselquist D. Contrasting results from GWAS and QTL mapping on wing length in great reed warblers. Mol Ecol Resour 2018; 18:867-876. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Stervander
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Oregon Eugene Oregon
| | - Maja Tarka
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
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27
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Immonen E, Hämäläinen A, Schuett W, Tarka M. Evolution of sex-specific pace-of-life syndromes: genetic architecture and physiological mechanisms. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018; 72:60. [PMID: 29576676 PMCID: PMC5856903 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in life history, physiology, and behavior are nearly ubiquitous across taxa, owing to sex-specific selection that arises from different reproductive strategies of the sexes. The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis predicts that most variation in such traits among individuals, populations, and species falls along a slow-fast pace-of-life continuum. As a result of their different reproductive roles and environment, the sexes also commonly differ in pace-of-life, with important consequences for the evolution of POLS. Here, we outline mechanisms for how males and females can evolve differences in POLS traits and in how such traits can covary differently despite constraints resulting from a shared genome. We review the current knowledge of the genetic basis of POLS traits and suggest candidate genes and pathways for future studies. Pleiotropic effects may govern many of the genetic correlations, but little is still known about the mechanisms involved in trade-offs between current and future reproduction and their integration with behavioral variation. We highlight the importance of metabolic and hormonal pathways in mediating sex differences in POLS traits; however, there is still a shortage of studies that test for sex specificity in molecular effects and their evolutionary causes. Considering whether and how sexual dimorphism evolves in POLS traits provides a more holistic framework to understand how behavioral variation is integrated with life histories and physiology, and we call for studies that focus on examining the sex-specific genetic architecture of this integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Immonen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE-75 236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anni Hämäläinen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Wiebke Schuett
- Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Tarka
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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28
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Abbott JK, Nordén AK, Hansson B. Sex chromosome evolution: historical insights and future perspectives. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2016.2806. [PMID: 28469017 PMCID: PMC5443938 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many separate-sexed organisms have sex chromosomes controlling sex determination. Sex chromosomes often have reduced recombination, specialized (frequently sex-specific) gene content, dosage compensation and heteromorphic size. Research on sex determination and sex chromosome evolution has increased over the past decade and is today a very active field. However, some areas within the field have not received as much attention as others. We therefore believe that a historic overview of key findings and empirical discoveries will put current thinking into context and help us better understand where to go next. Here, we present a timeline of important conceptual and analytical models, as well as empirical studies that have advanced the field and changed our understanding of the evolution of sex chromosomes. Finally, we highlight gaps in our knowledge so far and propose some specific areas within the field that we recommend a greater focus on in the future, including the role of ecology in sex chromosome evolution and new multilocus models of sex chromosome divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Abbott
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna K Nordén
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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29
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Pennell TM, Holman L, Morrow EH, Field J. Building a new research framework for social evolution: intralocus caste antagonism. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1251-1268. [PMID: 29341390 PMCID: PMC5896731 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The breeding and non‐breeding ‘castes’ of eusocial insects provide a striking example of role‐specific selection, where each caste maximises fitness through different morphological, behavioural and physiological trait values. Typically, queens are long‐lived egg‐layers, while workers are short‐lived, largely sterile foragers. Remarkably, the two castes are nevertheless produced by the same genome. The existence of inter‐caste genetic correlations is a neglected consequence of this shared genome, potentially hindering the evolution of caste dimorphism: alleles that increase the productivity of queens may decrease the productivity of workers and vice versa, such that each caste is prevented from reaching optimal trait values. A likely consequence of this ‘intralocus caste antagonism’ should be the maintenance of genetic variation for fitness and maladaptation within castes (termed ‘caste load’), analogous to the result of intralocus sexual antagonism. The aim of this review is to create a research framework for understanding caste antagonism, drawing in part upon conceptual similarities with sexual antagonism. By reviewing both the social insect and sexual antagonism literature, we highlight the current empirical evidence for caste antagonism, discuss social systems of interest, how antagonism might be resolved, and challenges for future research. We also introduce the idea that sexual and caste antagonism could interact, creating a three‐way antagonism over gene expression. This includes unpacking the implications of haplodiploidy for the outcome of this complex interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M Pennell
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Luke Holman
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Edward H Morrow
- Evolution Behaviour and Environment Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Jeremy Field
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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30
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Grieshop K, Berger D, Arnqvist G. Male-benefit sexually antagonistic genotypes show elevated vulnerability to inbreeding. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:134. [PMID: 28606137 PMCID: PMC5469140 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0981-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is theoretical and empirical evidence for strong sexual selection in males having positive effects on population viability by serving to purify the genome of its mutation load at a low demographic cost. However, there is also theoretical and empirical evidence for negative effects of sexual selection on female fitness, and therefore population viability, known as the gender load. This can take the form of sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation where alleles with a selective advantage in males pose a detriment to female fitness, and vice versa. Here, using seed beetles, we shed light on a previously unexplored manifestation of the gender load: the effect of SA genetic variation on tolerance to inbreeding. Results We found that genotypes encoding high male, but low female fitness exhibited significantly greater rates of extinction upon enforced inbreeding relative to genotypes encoding high female but low male fitness. Also, genotypes encoding low fitness in both sexes exhibited greater rates of extinction relative to generally high-fitness genotypes (though marginally non-significant), an expected finding attributable to variation in mutation load across genotypes. Despite follow-up investigations aiming to identify the mechanism(s) underlying these findings, it remains unclear whether the gender load and the mutation load have independent consequences for tolerance to inbreeding, or whether these two types of genetic architecture interact epistatically to render male-benefit genetic variation relatively intolerant to inbreeding. Conclusions Regardless of the underlying mechanism(s), our results show that male-benefit/female-detriment SA genetic variation poses a previously unseen detriment to population viability due to its elevated vulnerability to inbreeding/homozygosity. This suggests that sexual selection in the context of SA genetic variance for fitness may enhance the gender load on population viability more than previously appreciated, due to selecting for male-benefit SA genetic variation that engenders lineages to extinction upon inbreeding. We note that our results imply that SA alleles that are sexually selected for in males may be underrepresented or even lacking in panels of inbred lines. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0981-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Grieshop
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - David Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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31
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Poissant J, Morrissey MB, Gosler AG, Slate J, Sheldon BC. Multivariate selection and intersexual genetic constraints in a wild bird population. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:2022-2035. [PMID: 27338121 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
When selection differs between the sexes for traits that are genetically correlated between the sexes, there is potential for the effect of selection in one sex to be altered by indirect selection in the other sex, a situation commonly referred to as intralocus sexual conflict (ISC). While potentially common, ISC has rarely been studied in wild populations. Here, we studied ISC over a set of morphological traits (wing length, tarsus length, bill depth and bill length) in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) from Wytham Woods, UK. Specifically, we quantified the microevolutionary impacts of ISC by combining intra- and intersex additive genetic (co)variances and sex-specific selection estimates in a multivariate framework. Large genetic correlations between homologous male and female traits combined with evidence for sex-specific multivariate survival selection suggested that ISC could play an appreciable role in the evolution of this population. Together, multivariate sex-specific selection and additive genetic (co)variance for the traits considered accounted for additive genetic variance in fitness that was uncorrelated between the sexes (cross-sex genetic correlation = -0.003, 95% CI = -0.83, 0.83). Gender load, defined as the reduction in a population's rate of adaptation due to sex-specific effects, was estimated at 50% (95% CI = 13%, 86%). This study provides novel insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism in wild populations and illustrates how quantitative genetics and selection analyses can be combined in a multivariate framework to quantify the microevolutionary impacts of ISC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Poissant
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK. .,Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - M B Morrissey
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - A G Gosler
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - B C Sheldon
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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32
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Grieshop K, Stångberg J, Martinossi-Allibert I, Arnqvist G, Berger D. Strong sexual selection in males against a mutation load that reduces offspring production in seed beetles. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1201-10. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Grieshop
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Stångberg
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - G. Arnqvist
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - D. Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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33
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Boss J, Liedvogel M, Lundberg M, Olsson P, Reischke N, Naurin S, Åkesson S, Hasselquist D, Wright A, Grahn M, Bensch S. Gene expression in the brain of a migratory songbird during breeding and migration. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2016; 4:4. [PMID: 26881054 PMCID: PMC4753645 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-016-0069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We still have limited knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms that enable migrating species of birds to navigate the globe. Here we make an attempt to get insight into the genetic architecture controlling this complex innate behaviour. We contrast the gene expression profiles of two closely related songbird subspecies with divergent migratory phenotypes. In addition to comparing differences in migratory strategy we include a temporal component and contrast patterns between breeding adults and autumn migrating juvenile birds of both subspecies. The two willow warbler subspecies, Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus and P. t. acredula, are remarkably similar both in phenotype and genotype and have a narrow contact zone in central Scandinavia. Here we used a microarray gene chip representing 23,136 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata to identify mRNA level differences in willow warbler brain tissue in relation to subspecies and season. RESULTS Out of the 22,109 EST probe sets that remained after filtering poorly binding probes, we found 11,898 (51.8 %) probe sets that could be reliably and uniquely matched to a total of 6,758 orthologous zebra finch genes. The two subspecies showed very similar levels of gene expression with less than 0.1 % of the probe sets being significantly differentially expressed. In contrast, 3,045 (13.8 %) probe sets were found to be differently regulated between samples collected from breeding adults and autumn migrating juvenile birds. The genes found to be differentially expressed between seasons appeared to be enriched for functional roles in neuronal firing and neuronal synapse formation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that only few genes are differentially expressed between the subspecies. This suggests that the different migration strategies of the subspecies might be governed by few genes, or that the expression patterns of those genes are time-structured or tissue-specific in ways, which our approach fails to uncover. Our findings will be useful in the planning of new experiments designed to unravel the genes involved in the migratory program of birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Boss
- />Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
- />School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Miriam Liedvogel
- />Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
- />Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, AG Behavioural Genomics, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Max Lundberg
- />Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsson
- />Centre of Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Reischke
- />Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Naurin
- />Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanne Åkesson
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Animal Movement Research, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dennis Hasselquist
- />Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anthony Wright
- />Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats Grahn
- />Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Staffan Bensch
- />Department of Biology, Molecular Ecology and Evolution Laboratory, Lund University, Ecology Building, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden
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Mettler R, Segelbacher G, Schaefer HM. Interactions between a Candidate Gene for Migration (ADCYAP1), Morphology and Sex Predict Spring Arrival in Blackcap Populations. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144587. [PMID: 26684459 PMCID: PMC4684316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian research has begun to reveal associations between candidate genes and migratory behaviors of captive birds, yet few studies utilize genotypic, morphometric, and phenological data from wild individuals. Previous studies have identified an association between ADCYAP1 polymorphism and autumn migratory behavior (restlessness, or zugunruhe), but little is known about the relationship between ADCYAP1 and spring migratory behavior. The timing of spring migration and arrival to the breeding ground are phenological traits which could be particularly favorable for establishing territories and acquiring mates, thus important to fitness and reproductive success. Here, we investigated how individual genotypic ADCYAP1 variation and phenotypic variation (wing length and shape) of blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) affect spring arrival date across nine natural populations in Europe. We hypothesized that longer alleles should be associated with earlier spring arrival dates and expected the effect on arrival date to be stronger for males as they arrive earlier. However, we found that longer wings were associated with earlier spring arrival to the breeding grounds for females, but not for males. Another female-specific effect indicated an interaction between ADCYAP1 allele size and wing pointedness on the response of spring arrival: greater allele size had a positive effect on spring arrival date for females with rounder wings, while a negative effect was apparent for females with more pointed wings. Also, female heterozygotes with pointed wing tips arrived significantly earlier than both homozygotes with pointed wings and heterozygotes with round wings. Stable isotope ratios (δ2H) of a subset of blackcaps captured in Freiburg in 2011 allowed us also to assign individuals to their main overwintering areas in northwest (NW) and southwest (SW) Europe. NW males arrived significantly earlier to the Freiburg breeding site than both SW males and females in 2011. NW females had more pointed wing tips compared to SW females, but no difference in ADCYAP1 allele size was found between the different migration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Mettler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Black Hills State University, Spearfish, South Dakota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H. Martin Schaefer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sexually antagonistic selection during parental care is not generated by a testosterone-related intralocus sexual conflict-insights from full-sib comparisons. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17715. [PMID: 26625951 PMCID: PMC4667218 DOI: 10.1038/srep17715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of shared male and female traits can be hampered if selection favours sex-specific optima. However, such genomic conflicts can be resolved when independent male and female mechanisms evolve. The existence, extent and consequences of conflict and/or conflict resolution are currently debated. Endocrinological traits like plasma testosterone (T) are suitable test cases, given their important role in mediating correlated traits, plus their opposing sex-specific fitness effects. We compared full-sibling (brother/sister) captive canaries to test for (1) sexually antagonistic selection characterized by contrasting fitness patterns within pairs of relatives, (2) intersexual genetic correlation of plasma T (h(²) = 0.41 ± 0.31) and (3) intralocus sexual conflict over T levels featured by distinct sex-specific fitness optima. We found potential for sexually antagonistic selection, since high fledgling mass was reached by either brothers or sisters, but not by both. We report a positive intersexual correlation for T, as a requirement for intralocus sexual conflict. However, high levels of T were associated with increased female and decreased male fitness (fledgling mass), which contrasts our expectations and challenges the hypothesis of intralocus sexual conflict driven by T. We hypothesize that behavioural and physiological trade-offs differ between sexes when raising offspring, driving T levels towards a state of monomorphism.
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Millet A, Pelletier F, Bélisle M, Garant D. Patterns of Fluctuating Selection on Morphological and Reproductive Traits in Female Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). Evol Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-015-9333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tarka M, Hansson B, Hasselquist D. Selection and evolutionary potential of spring arrival phenology in males and females of a migratory songbird. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1024-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tarka
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Realfagsbygget; NTNU; Trondheim Norway
| | - B. Hansson
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab; Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - D. Hasselquist
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab; Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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Chapman BB, Hulthén K, Brönmark C, Nilsson PA, Skov C, Hansson LA, Brodersen J. Shape up or ship out: migratory behaviour predicts morphology across spatial scale in a freshwater fish. J Anim Ecol 2015; 84:1187-93. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben B. Chapman
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- Department of Biology; Aquatic Ecology Unit; Lund University; Lund SE-223 62 Sweden
| | - Kaj Hulthén
- Department of Biology; Aquatic Ecology Unit; Lund University; Lund SE-223 62 Sweden
| | - Christer Brönmark
- Department of Biology; Aquatic Ecology Unit; Lund University; Lund SE-223 62 Sweden
| | - P. Anders Nilsson
- Department of Biology; Aquatic Ecology Unit; Lund University; Lund SE-223 62 Sweden
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences; Karlstad University; Karlstad 651 88 Sweden
| | - Christian Skov
- National institute of Aquatic Resources; Technical University of Denmark; Silkeborg DK-8600 Denmark
| | - Lars-Anders Hansson
- Department of Biology; Aquatic Ecology Unit; Lund University; Lund SE-223 62 Sweden
| | - Jakob Brodersen
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution; EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry; Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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Bolstad GH, Hansen TF, Pélabon C, Falahati-Anbaran M, Pérez-Barrales R, Armbruster WS. Genetic constraints predict evolutionary divergence in Dalechampia blossoms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:20130255. [PMID: 25002700 PMCID: PMC4084540 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
If genetic constraints are important, then rates and direction of evolution should be related to trait evolvability. Here we use recently developed measures of evolvability to test the genetic constraint hypothesis with quantitative genetic data on floral morphology from the Neotropical vine Dalechampia scandens (Euphorbiaceae). These measures were compared against rates of evolution and patterns of divergence among 24 populations in two species in the D. scandens species complex. We found clear evidence for genetic constraints, particularly among traits that were tightly phenotypically integrated. This relationship between evolvability and evolutionary divergence is puzzling, because the estimated evolvabilities seem too large to constitute real constraints. We suggest that this paradox can be explained by a combination of weak stabilizing selection around moving adaptive optima and small realized evolvabilities relative to the observed additive genetic variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir H Bolstad
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, University of Tehran, 14155-6455 Tehran, Iran
| | | | - W Scott Armbruster
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks AK 99775, USA
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Asghar M, Hasselquist D, Hansson B, Zehtindjiev P, Westerdahl H, Bensch S. Hidden costs of infection: Chronic malaria accelerates telomere degradation and senescence in wild birds. Science 2015; 347:436-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1261121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Lankinen Å, Karlsson Green K. Using theories of sexual selection and sexual conflict to improve our understanding of plant ecology and evolution. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv008. [PMID: 25613227 PMCID: PMC4344479 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Today it is accepted that the theories of sexual selection and sexual conflict are general and can be applied to both animals and plants. However, potentially due to a controversial history, plant studies investigating sexual selection and sexual conflict are relatively rare. Moreover, these theories and concepts are seldom implemented in research fields investigating related aspects of plant ecology and evolution. Even though these theories are complex, and can be difficult to study, we suggest that several fields in plant biology would benefit from incorporating and testing the impact of selection pressures generated by sexual selection and sexual conflict. Here we give examples of three fields where we believe such incorporation would be particularly fruitful, including (i) mechanisms of pollen-pistil interactions, (ii) mating-system evolution in hermaphrodites and (iii) plant immune responses to pests and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Lankinen
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, PO Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kristina Karlsson Green
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Biology, PO Box 102, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
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Arnqvist G, Vellnow N, Rowe L. The effect of epistasis on sexually antagonistic genetic variation. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.0489. [PMID: 24870040 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of segregating sexually antagonistic (SA) genetic variation for fitness in laboratory and wild populations, yet the conditions for the maintenance of such variation can be restrictive. Epistatic interactions between genes can contribute to the maintenance of genetic variance in fitness and we suggest that epistasis between SA genes should be pervasive. Here, we explore its effect on SA genetic variation in fitness using a two locus model with negative epistasis. Our results demonstrate that epistasis often increases the parameter space showing polymorphism for SA loci. This is because selection in one locus is affected by allele frequencies at the other, which can act to balance net selection in males and females. Increased linkage between SA loci had more marginal effects. We also show that under some conditions, large portions of the parameter space evolve to a state where male benefit alleles are fixed at one locus and female benefit alleles at the other. This novel effect of epistasis on SA loci, which we term the 'equity effect', may have important effects on population differentiation and may contribute to speciation. More generally, these results support the suggestion that epistasis contributes to population divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nikolas Vellnow
- Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Locke Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, M5S 3B2
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Chargé R, Teplitsky C, Sorci G, Low M. Can sexual selection theory inform genetic management of captive populations? A review. Evol Appl 2014; 7:1120-33. [PMID: 25553072 PMCID: PMC4231600 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Captive breeding for conservation purposes presents a serious practical challenge because several conflicting genetic processes (i.e., inbreeding depression, random genetic drift and genetic adaptation to captivity) need to be managed in concert to maximize captive population persistence and reintroduction success probability. Because current genetic management is often only partly successful in achieving these goals, it has been suggested that management insights may be found in sexual selection theory (in particular, female mate choice). We review the theoretical and empirical literature and consider how female mate choice might influence captive breeding in the context of current genetic guidelines for different sexual selection theories (i.e., direct benefits, good genes, compatible genes, sexy sons). We show that while mate choice shows promise as a tool in captive breeding under certain conditions, for most species, there is currently too little theoretical and empirical evidence to provide any clear guidelines that would guarantee positive fitness outcomes and avoid conflicts with other genetic goals. The application of female mate choice to captive breeding is in its infancy and requires a goal-oriented framework based on the needs of captive species management, so researchers can make honest assessments of the costs and benefits of such an approach, using simulations, model species and captive animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Chargé
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Céline Teplitsky
- Centre d'Ecologie et de Sciences de la Conservation UMR 7204 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne Dijon, France
| | - Matthew Low
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala, Sweden
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44
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Berger D, Berg EC, Widegren W, Arnqvist G, Maklakov AA. Multivariate intralocus sexual conflict in seed beetles. Evolution 2014; 68:3457-69. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Berger
- Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Elena C. Berg
- Ageing Research Group; Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Computer Science; Mathematics, and Environmental Science, The American University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - William Widegren
- Ageing Research Group; Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexei A. Maklakov
- Ageing Research Group; Animal Ecology; Department of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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