1
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Gopinath JS, Parameswaran P. Pentacycloundecanylidene and pentacycloundecanone - hyperconjugatively stabilized carbene and ketone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13452-13462. [PMID: 38647394 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01248h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Pentacycloundecanylidene was spectroscopically identified during the photolysis of the corresponding aziridine and its aerial oxidation results in the corresponding ketone. Here we report the role of hyperconjugative interactions in stabilizing the singlet pentacycloundecanylidene and its corresponding ketone pentacycloundecanone. The pentacycloundecanylidene possesses a singlet ground state with two possible geometrical isomers based on the orientation of the carbene bridge (U1 and U2). The energy difference between U1 and U2 is minimal (0.9 kcal mol-1) and the triplet state is 5.6 kcal mol-1 energetically higher than the more stable singlet state U1. The proximal C-C bonds of the carbene bridge in the singlet state are significantly elongated as compared to the distal C-C bonds. The bending of the carbene bridge in the triplet state and the carbonyl group in the ketone are minimal as compared to the parent pentacycloundecane. The molecular orbital (MO), natural bond orbital (NBO) and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) show that both Cieplak-type hyperconjugation viz. donation of electrons from the proximal C-C σ bonds to the empty p-orbital on the carbene centre and Felkin-Anh type hyperconjugation viz. donation of the lone pair of carbene carbon to the distal C-C σ* orbitals exist in carbene systems. The bending of the carbene bridge in singlet carbene is to enhance the Cieplak-type hyperconjugative interaction. The ketone is also stabilized by Cieplak-type hyperconjugative interaction but to a lower extent as compared to the singlet carbene. The reactivity study suggests that the singlet pentacycloundecanylidene is ambiphilic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishnu Sai Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala 673601, India.
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala 673601, India.
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2
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Xu L, Zhao XK, Cao H, Hu HS, Li J, Chen J, Xu C. Complexation of Hexavalent Neptunium(VI) with Oxydiacetic Acid and Its Amide Derivatives in Aqueous Solution: Spectrophotometry and DFT Calculations. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6173-6183. [PMID: 38530927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Unfolding the solution coordination chemistry of high-valent transuranium elements with the "CHON"-type ligands is important to understand the fundamental chemistry of actinides and to design more efficient extractants for partitioning of transuranium elements in advanced nuclear fuel cycles. Here, the complexation of a hexavalent neptunyl ion (NpO22+ or Np(VI)) with oxydiacetic acid (ODA) has been systematically investigated in comparison with its amide analogues N,N-dimethyl-3-oxa-glutaramic acid (DMOGA) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-3-oxa-glutaramide (TMOGA) both experimentally and computationally. The formation of both 1:1 and 1:2 complexes between Np(VI) and the three ligands was identified by spectrophotometry, and their stability constants were obtained and compared with those of hexavalent U(VI) and Pu(VI). The corresponding bonding nature is elucidated by using energy decomposition analysis (EDA), electrostatic potential (ESP), ELF contours, and natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) methods, which shows that the Np-O bonds are essentially ionic in character and the unoccupied 6d orbitals of Np play a key role in enhancing the covalent interactions between Np(VI) and the three ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Science, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Inoue N, Watanabe Y, Nakano H. Generalized Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation for relativistic two-component methods: Systematic analysis of two-component Hamiltonians. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:523-535. [PMID: 37997192 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The generalized Foldy-Wouthuysen (GFW) transformation was proposed as a generic form that unifies four types of transformations in relativistic two-component methods: unnormalized GFW(UN), and normalized form 1, form 2, and form 3 (GFW(N1), GFW(N2), and GFW(N3)). The GFW transformation covers a wide range of transformations beyond the simple unitary transformation of the Dirac Hamiltonian, allowing for the systematic classification of all existing two-component methods. New two-component methods were also systematically derived based on the GFW transformation. These various two-component methods were applied to hydrogen-like and helium-like ions. Numerical errors in energy were evaluated and classified into four types: the one-electron Hamiltonian approximation, the two-electron operator approximation, the newly defined "picture difference error (PDE)," and the error in determining the transformation, and errors in multi-electron systems were discussed based on this classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuki Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Epping RF, de Zwart FJ, van Leest NP, van der Vlugt JI, Siegler MA, Mathew S, Reek JNH, de Bruin B. PhenTAA: A Redox-Active N 4-Macrocyclic Ligand Featuring Donor and Acceptor Moieties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1974-1987. [PMID: 38215498 PMCID: PMC10828995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the development and characterization of the novel PhenTAA macrocycle as well as a series of [Ni(R2PhenTAA)]n complexes featuring two sites for ligand-centered redox-activity. These differ in the substituent R (R = H, Me, or Ph) and overall charge of the complex n (n = -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2). Electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques (CV, UV/vis-SEC, X-band EPR) reveal that all redox events of the [Ni(R2PhenTAA)] complexes are ligand-based, with accessible ligand charges of -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2. The o-phenylenediamide (OPD) group functions as the electron donor, while the imine moieties act as electron acceptors. The flanking o-aminobenzaldimine groups delocalize spin density in both the oxidized and reduced ligand states. The reduced complexes have different stabilities depending on the substituent R. For R = H, dimerization occurs upon reduction, whereas for R = Me/Ph, the reduced imine groups are stabilized. This also gives electrochemical access to a [Ni(R2PhenTAA)]2- species. DFT and TD-DFT calculations corroborate these findings and further illustrate the unique donor-acceptor properties of the respective OPD and imine moieties. The novel [Ni(R2PhenTAA)] complexes exhibit up to five different ligand-based oxidation states and are electrochemically stable in a range from -2.4 to +1.8 V for the Me/Ph complexes (vs Fc/Fc+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel F.
J. Epping
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felix J. de Zwart
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas P. van Leest
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Simon Mathew
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular Catalysis and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Brakestad A, Jensen SR, Tantardini C, Pitteloud Q, Wind P, Užulis J, Gulans A, Hopmann KH, Frediani L. Scalar Relativistic Effects with Multiwavelets: Implementation and Benchmark. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:728-737. [PMID: 38181377 PMCID: PMC10809714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The importance of relativistic effects in quantum chemistry is widely recognized, not only for heavier elements but throughout the periodic table. At the same time, relativistic effects are strongest in the nuclear region, where the description of electrons through a linear combination of atomic orbitals becomes more challenging. Furthermore, the choice of basis sets for heavier elements is limited compared with lighter elements where precise basis sets are available. Thanks to the framework of multiresolution analysis, multiwavelets provide an appealing alternative to overcoming this challenge: they lead to robust error control and adaptive algorithms that automatically refine the basis set description until the desired precision is reached. This allows one to achieve a proper description of the nuclear region. In this work, we extended the multiwavelet-based code MRChem to the scalar zero-order regular approximation framework. We validated our implementation by comparing the total energies for a small set of elements and molecules. To confirm the validity of our implementation, we compared both against a radial numerical code for atoms and the plane-wave-based code EXCITING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Brakestad
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Stig Rune Jensen
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Christian Tantardini
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Quentin Pitteloud
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Peter Wind
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Jānis Užulis
- Department
of Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, Riga, Latvia 1004, Latvia
| | - Andris Gulans
- Department
of Physics, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 3, Riga, Latvia 1004, Latvia
| | | | - Luca Frediani
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, UiT
The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
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Parvathy P, Parameswaran P. Organometallic Allene [(μ-C)(Fe(CO) 4 ) 2 ]: Bridging Carbon Showing Transformation from Classical Electron-Sharing Bonding to Double σ-Donor and Double π-Acceptor Ligation. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300528. [PMID: 37563865 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Allenes (R2 C=C=CR2 ) have been traditionally perceived to feature localized orthogonal π-bonds between the carbon centres. We have carried out quantum-mechanical studies of the organometallic allenes envisioned by the isolobal replacement of the terminal CH2 groups by the d8 Fe(CO)4 fragment. Our studies have identified two organometallic allenes viz. D2d symmetric [(μ-C)(Fe(CO)4 )2 ] (2) and D3 symmetric [(μ-C)(Fe(CO)4 )2 ] (3) with trigonal bipyramidal coordination at the Fe atoms. Compound 2 features the bridging carbon atom in an equatorial position with respect to the ligands on the TM centre, while 3 features the central carbon atom in an axial position. The bis-pseudoallylic anionic delocalisation proposed in the C2-C1-C3 spine of organic allene is retained in the organometallic allene 2, and is transformed to a typical three-centre bis-allylic anionic delocalisation in the organometallic allene 3. The topological analysis of electron density also indicates a bis-allylic anionic type delocalisation in the organometallic allenes. The quantitative bonding analysis using the EDA-NOCV method suggests a transition from classical electron-sharing bonding between the central carbon atom and the terminal groups in 1 to donor-acceptor bonding in 3. Meanwhile, both electron-sharing and donor-acceptor bonding models are found to be probable heuristic bonding representations in the organometallic allene 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
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7
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Parvathy P, Parameswaran P. Inorganometallic allenes [(Mn(η 5-C 5H 5)(CO) 2) 2(μ-E)] (E = Si-Pb): bis-allylic anionic delocalisation similar to organometallic allene but differential σ-donation and π-backdonation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26526-26537. [PMID: 37752826 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of heavy group-14 tetrel atoms is known to diverge from that of the lighter congener carbon. Here, we report the structure and bonding in inorganometallic allenes [(MnCp(CO)2)2(μ-E)] (2E, E = Si-Pb; Cp = η5-C5H5). These inorganometallic allenes are structurally similar to the lighter organometallic analog [(MnCp(CO)2)2(μ-C)] (2C). The bonding analysis of these compounds at the M06/def2-TZVPP//BP86/def2-SVP level of theory identifies a linear Mn-E-Mn spine with delocalised, mutually orthogonal π-systems across this back-bone. This results in a bis-allylic anionic bonding scenario. However, the strength of the Mn-E bonding is found to be weaker in these inorganometallic allenes. The energy decomposition analysis at the BP86/TZ2P//BP86/def2-SVP level of theory further reveals that the bonding in these compounds cannot be represented by one unique heuristic bonding model, but multiple bonding models. For all 2E (E = C-Pb), the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson bonding model is one of the best bonding representations, where the central tetrel atom acts as a 4e- σ-donor and 4e- π-acceptor. The bonding analysis indicates that the carbon atom in the organometallic allene acts as a better π-acceptor than σ-donor, while the heavier tetrel atoms in the inorganometallic allenes are better σ-donors than π-acceptors. The npz-orbital is found to be a better σ-donor than the valence ns-orbital. However, when the bonding representation is changed to a traditional electron-sharing model, the contribution from the ns-orbital was found to be the largest in comparison to the interaction from the remaining three valence np-orbitals. It can be suggested that the ns-orbitals contribute more towards chemical bonding when participating via an electron-sharing interaction than a donor-acceptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Parvathy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
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8
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Wu CS, Su MD. Reactivity Analysis of the [2 + 2] Cycloaddition between Group-6 ≡ Group-14 Triple-Bonded Complexes and Acetylene: Insights from Theoretical Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16388-16400. [PMID: 37768726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical examinations of reactivity for the formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition of Me-C≡C-Ph to Group-6(G6)≡Group-14(G14) triple-bonded organometallic complexes have been carried out using the M06-2X-D3/def2-TZVP level of theory. Our theoretical findings suggest that Me-C≡C-Ph can undergo adduct formation with all G6≡Si complexes, resulting in the generation of four-membered ring structures. However, among the W≡Group-14 complex reactants, only W≡Si-based, W≡Ge-based, and W≡Sn-based organometallic molecules are capable of undergoing a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with Me-C≡C-Ph. Based on energy decomposition analysis, our theoretical investigations demonstrate that the bonding mechanism in such [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions involves the creation of two dative bonds between singlet fragments (the donor-acceptor model), as opposed to two electron-sharing bonds between triplet fragments. In addition, the examinations based on the activation strain model indicate that the activation barrier of the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is predominantly governed by the geometric deformation energy of the two reactants (G6≡G14-Rea and Me-C≡C-Ph). Our research using the M06-2X method shows that the barrier heights of [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between Me-C≡C-Ph and G6≡Si-Rea are dependent on the geometric changes occurring in both fragments during the transition states, consistent with Hammond's postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Shiun Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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9
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Reactivity of the Intramolecular Vicinal Group-13/P- and B/Group-15-Based Frustrate Lewis Pairs with Sulfur Dioxide: Mechanistic Insight from DFT. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13315-13327. [PMID: 37549232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The emission of SO2 gas by industrialized societies contributes to the occurrence of acid rain in natural environments. In this study, we put forward a theoretical investigation into the capture reactions of SO2. Our analysis centers on the energy profiles of intramolecular 1,2-cyclohexylene-bridged FLP-associated molecules. We will particularly examine the reactions involving G13/P-based (with G13 denoting Group 13 element) and B/G15-based (with G15 representing Group 15 element) FLP-associated molecules. Except for Tl/P-FLP, B/N-FLP, and B/Bi-FLP, our theoretical examinations indicate that the remaining six FLP-associated molecules, namely G13'/P-FLP (G13' = B, Al, Ga, and In) and B/G15 ' -FLP (G15' = P, As, and Sb), can easily undergo SO2 capture reactions due to their energetic feasibility. Particularly, our theoretical findings suggested that 1,2-cyclohexylene-bridged Al/P-FLP, Ga/P-FLP, B/As-FLP, and B/Sb-FLP are capable of undergoing a reversible reaction and returning to the initial reactant state. Our theoretical evidence indicates that the G13-G15 bond length in the 1,2-cyclohexylene-linked G13/G15-FLP can serve as a basis for evaluating the free activation barrier associated with its reaction with SO2. Two theoretical methods, namely, the frontier molecular orbital theory and the energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals of chemical valence approach, are utilized to investigate the electronic structure and bonding nature of the reactions under consideration. Moreover, the analyses based on the activation strain model revealed that it is the geometrical deformation energies of G13/G15-FLP, which is the key factor that greatly influences the activation barriers of such SO2 capture reactions. Further, our theoretical computations indicate that such capturing reactions of SO2 by intramolecular 1,2-cyclohexylene-linked G13/G15-based FLP-type molecules obey the Hammond postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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10
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Yamauchi Y, Mondori Y, Uetake Y, Takeichi Y, Kawakita T, Sakurai H, Ogoshi S, Hoshimoto Y. Reversible Modulation of the Electronic and Spatial Environment around Ni(0) Centers Bearing Multifunctional Carbene Ligands with Triarylaluminum. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37467307 PMCID: PMC10401715 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Designing and modulating the electronic and spatial environments surrounding metal centers is a crucial issue in a wide range of chemistry fields that use organometallic compounds. Herein, we demonstrate a Lewis-acid-mediated reversible expansion, contraction, and transformation of the spatial environment surrounding nickel(0) centers that bear N-phosphine oxide-substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes (henceforth referred to as (S)PoxIms). Reaction between tetrahedral (syn-κ-C,O-(S)PoxIm)Ni(CO)2 and Al(C6F5)3 smoothly afforded heterobimetallic Ni/Al species such as trigonal-planar {κ-C-Ni(CO)2}(μ-anti-(S)PoxIm){κ-O-Al(C6F5)3} via a complexation-induced rotation of the N-phosphine oxide moieties, while the addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine resulted in the quantitative regeneration of the former Ni complexes. The corresponding interconversion also occurred between (SPoxIm)Ni(η2:η2-diphenyldivinylsilane) and {κ-C-Ni(η2:η2-diene)}(μ-anti-SPoxIm){κ-O-Al(C6F5)3} via the coordination and dissociation of Al(C6F5)3. The shape and size of the space around the Ni(0) center was drastically changed through this Lewis-acid-mediated interconversion. Moreover, the multinuclear NMR, IR, and XAS analyses of the aforementioned carbonyl complexes clarified the details of the changes in the electronic states on the Ni centers; i.e., the electron delocalization was effectively enhanced among the Ni atom and CO ligands in the heterobimetallic Ni/Al species. The results presented in this work thus provide a strategy for reversibly modulating both the electronic and spatial environment of organometallic complexes, in addition to the well-accepted Lewis-base-mediated ligand-substitution methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mondori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Uetake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeichi
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawakita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sensuke Ogoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hoshimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Future Innovation (CFi), Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Franzke YJ. Reducing Exact Two-Component Theory for NMR Couplings to a One-Component Approach: Efficiency and Accuracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2010-2028. [PMID: 36939092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The self-consistent and complex spin-orbit exact two-component (X2C) formalism for NMR spin-spin coupling constants [ J. Chem. Theory Comput. 17, 2021, 3874-3994] is reduced to a scalar one-component ansatz. This way, the first-order response term can be partitioned into the Fermi-contact (FC) and spin-dipole (SD) interactions as well as the paramagnetic spin-orbit (PSO) contribution. The FC+SD terms are real and symmetric, while the PSO term is purely imaginary and antisymmetric. The relativistic one-component approach is combined with a modern density functional treatment up to local hybrid functionals including the response of the current density. Computational demands are reduced by factors of 8-24 as shown for a large tin compound consisting of 137 atoms. Limitations of the current ansatz are critically assessed for Sn, Pb, Pd, and Pt compounds, i.e. the one-component treatment is not sufficient for tin compounds featuring a few heavy halogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J Franzke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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12
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Influence of Group 15 elements on the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactivity of G15 = G15-G15-based 1,3-dipoles with cyclooctyne. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4796-4807. [PMID: 36939158 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Group 15 elements (G15s) on the reactivity of the cycloaddition reactions of inorganic 1,3-dipolar analogs with cyclooctyne was computationally explored with density functional theory. To this end, the G15G15G15'-based 1,3-dipole, an interestingly representative model molecule of 1,3-dipole chemistry, was selected. The present computational investigations suggest that all NNG15-Rea and G15G15P-Rea molecules can be energetically feasible to undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with cyclic alkynes, except for only the NNN-Rea 1,3-dipole molecule. The key factor, which can greatly affect the activation barriers, is quantitatively analyzed in detail through the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory, the activation strain model (ASM), and the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) approach. Our theoretical findings based on the FMO theory and the EDA suggest that two types of bonding interactions occur in such 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions: forward bonding (filled p-π orbital (cyclooctyne) → the empty p-π* orbital (G15 = G15)) and back bonding (empty p-π* orbital (cyclooctyne) ← the lone pair (G15')). Notably, the bonding interactions of the former mechanism are much stronger than those of the latter mechanism. Evidence from the ASM reveals that the activation barriers of G15G15G15'-based 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions strongly depend on the atomic radius of the G15 element. These theoretical conclusions allow a number of predictions to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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13
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Moitra T, Konecny L, Kadek M, Rubio A, Repisky M. Accurate Relativistic Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Valence and Core Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1714-1724. [PMID: 36757216 PMCID: PMC9940299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
First principles theoretical modeling of out-of-equilibrium processes observed in attosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) triggering pure electron dynamics remains a challenging task, especially for heavy elements and/or core excitations containing fingerprints of scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects. To address this, we formulate a methodology for simulating TAS within the relativistic real-time, time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) framework, for both the valence and core energy regimes. Especially for TAS, full four-component (4c) RT simulations are feasible but computationally demanding. Therefore, in addition to the 4c approach, we also introduce the atomic mean-field exact two-component (amfX2C) Hamiltonian accounting for one- and two-electron picture-change corrections within RT-TDDFT. amfX2C preserves the accuracy of the parent 4c method at a fraction of its computational cost. Finally, we apply the methodology to study valence and near-L2,3-edge TAS processes of experimentally relevant systems and provide additional physical insights using relativistic nonequilibrium response theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsha Moitra
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Algorithmiq
Ltd., Kanavakatu 3C, FI-00160 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Konecny L, Komorovsky S, Vicha J, Ruud K, Repisky M. Exact Two-Component TDDFT with Simple Two-Electron Picture-Change Corrections: X-ray Absorption Spectra Near L- and M-Edges of Four-Component Quality at Two-Component Cost. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1360-1376. [PMID: 36722848 PMCID: PMC9923756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has gained popularity in recent years as it probes matter with high spatial and elemental sensitivities. However, the theoretical modeling of XAS is a challenging task since XAS spectra feature a fine structure due to scalar (SC) and spin-orbit (SO) relativistic effects, in particular near L and M absorption edges. While full four-component (4c) calculations of XAS are nowadays feasible, there is still interest in developing approximate relativistic methods that enable XAS calculations at the two-component (2c) level while maintaining the accuracy of the parent 4c approach. In this article we present theoretical and numerical insights into two simple yet accurate 2c approaches based on an (extended) atomic mean-field exact two-component Hamiltonian framework, (e)amfX2C, for the calculation of XAS using linear eigenvalue and damped response time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). In contrast to the commonly used one-electron X2C (1eX2C) Hamiltonian, both amfX2C and eamfX2C account for the SC and SO two-electron and exchange-correlation picture-change (PC) effects that arise from the X2C transformation. As we demonstrate on L- and M-edge XAS spectra of transition metal and actinide compounds, the absence of PC corrections in the 1eX2C approximation results in a substantial overestimation of SO splittings, whereas (e)amfX2C Hamiltonians reproduce all essential spectral features such as shape, position, and SO splitting of the 4c references in excellent agreement, while offering significant computational savings. Therefore, the (e)amfX2C PC correction models presented here constitute reliable relativistic 2c quantum-chemical approaches for modeling XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037Tromsø, Norway,Center
for Free Electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761Hamburg, Germany,
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84536Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Vicha
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, University Institute,
Tomas Bata University in Zlín, CZ-76001Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037Tromsø, Norway,Norwegian
Defence Research Establishment, P.O.
Box 25, 2027Kjeller, Norway
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037Tromsø, Norway,Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, SK-84215Bratislava, Slovakia,
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15
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Influence of the Element and Substituent Effects on the Reactivity of Catching Reactions of Difluorocarbene by Benzene-Bridged and Group-13/Group-15-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1018-1031. [PMID: 36604303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The trapping reactions of CF2 by benzene-bridged Group-13/P-based and B/Group-15-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been computationally investigated based on density functional theory. Interestingly, our theoretical calculations predict that the capture of CF2 by all five Group-13/P-based FLPs is energetically feasible. However, in the B/Group-15-based FLPs, only the phosphorus-based B/P-FLP can trap CF2 from kinetic and thermodynamical viewpoints. According to the analyses of the activation strain model, it can be known that the atomic radius of the G15 element (Lewis base) of benzene-bridged B/Group-15-FLP plays an important role in controlling the reactivity of the CF2 catching reactions, whereas the atomic radius of the Group-13 center (Lewis acid) does not play a role in influencing the activation barrier of these CF2 catching reactions. Our theoretical findings based on sophisticated methods suggest that the forward bonding is the FLP-to-CF2 interaction, the LP (Group-15-donor) → vacant p-π-orbital (CF2), which was quantitatively proved to be strong in such present CF2 catching reactions. However, the back bonding is the CF2-to-FLP interaction, the empty σ-orbital (Group-13-acceptor) ← sp2-σ-orbital (CF2), which was verified to be relatively weak. Our theoretical pieces of evidence reveal that the stronger electron-donating ability of the substituents is attached to the Lewis basic center and can make the reaction barrier of the benzene-bridged Group-13/Group-15-based FLP-related compound catching CF2 smaller and more exothermic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung80708, Taiwan
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16
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Barysz M. Relativistic perturbative and infinite-order two-component methods for heavy elements: Radium atom. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aiq.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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17
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Drance MJ, Tanushi A, Radosevich AT. Two-Site O-H Addition to an Iridium Complex Featuring a Nonspectator Tricoordinate Phosphorus Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20243-20248. [PMID: 36301929 PMCID: PMC9662588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of an ambiphilic iridium complex IrCl(PPh3)(L1) (1; L1 = P(N(o-N(2-pyridyl)C6H4)2)) featuring a chelating nontrigonal phosphorus triamide ligand is reported. The tandem Lewis basic Ir and Lewis acidic P of 1 achieve a two-site oxidative addition of phenol giving the iridaphenoxyphosphorane species IrHCl(PPh3)(L1OPh) (3'). In contrast, reactions of 1 with benzenethiol and benzeneselenol do not engage L1 and instead proceed via metal-centered oxidative addition of the chalcogen-hydrogen bond. These findings establish metal-ligand cooperation involving nonspectator reactivity of tricoordinate phosphorus ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander T. Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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18
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Maidich L, Pilo MI, Rourke JP, Clarkson GJ, Canu P, Stoccoro S, Zucca A. Classical vs. Non-Classical Cyclometalated Pt(II) Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:7249. [PMID: 36364075 PMCID: PMC9654721 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rollover cyclometalated complexes constitute a family of derivatives which differ from classical cyclometalated species in certain aspects. Various potential application fields have been developed for both classes of compounds, which have both similarities and differences. In order to uncover the relationships and distinctions between these two families of compounds, four Pt(II) cyclometalated complexes derived from 2-phenylpyridine (ppy) and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), assumed as prototypical ligands, were compared. For this study, an electron rich isostructural and isoelectronic pair of compounds, [Pt(N^C)Me(PPh3)], and an electron-poorer compound, [Pt(N^C)Cl(PPh3)] were chosen (N^C = ppy or bpy). DFT calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-Vis spectra also helped to shed light into these species. Due to the presence of the more electronegative nitrogen in place of a C-H group, the rollover bpy-H ligand becomes a slightly weaker donor than the classical ppy-H ligand, and hence, generates (slightly) more stable cyclometalated complexes, lower energy frontier molecular orbitals, and electron-poorer platinum centers. On the whole, it was revealed that classical and rollover complexes have overall structural similarity, which contrasts to their somewhat different chemical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maidich
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria I. Pilo
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Jonathan P. Rourke
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrizia Canu
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sergio Stoccoro
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Zucca
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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19
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Missana A, Hauser A, Lawson Daku LM. Environmental Control of the Magnetic Behavior of Transition Metal Complexes: Density Functional Theory Study of Zeolite Y Embedded Complexes [M(bpy) 3] 2+@Y (M = Fe 2+, Co 2+). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6221-6235. [PMID: 36067495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using the supramolecular approach developed for the study of the guest-host interactions in the zeolite Y encapsulated [Fe(bpy)3]2+ compound: [Fe(bpy)3]2+@Y (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) [Vargas et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2009, 5, 97-115], we apply density functional theory (DFT) to the study of the influence of zeolite Y encapsulation on the structural and energetic properties of [Co(bpy)3]2+ in the low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) states, while revisiting [Fe(bpy)3]2+@Y. Although the accurate prediction of the HS-LS energy difference ΔEHLel remains challenging for current DFT methods, they give accurate estimates of its variation Δ(ΔEHLel) in a series of complexes of a given transition metal ion. Therefore, denoting [M(bpy)3]2+@YSM as the supramolecular model of the inclusion compounds, the values of ΔEHLel for the bpy complexes in the gas phase and in the supercage of zeolite Y were determined by combining the DFT estimates of Δ(ΔEHLel) in the series {[M(NCH)6]2+, [M(bpy)3]2+, and [M(bpy)3]2+@YSM}, with accurate CCSD(T) estimates of ΔEHLel in the benchmark complexes [M(NCH)6]2+ (M = Fe, Co) [Lawson Daku et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2012, 8, 4216-4231]. Generalized gradient approximations as well as global and range-separated hybrids were employed. In order to better account for the key role of dispersion, they were also augmented with the semiempirical D2, D3BJ, and D3BJM dispersion corrections when available. The use of the D3BJ and D3BJM corrections led to similar results, and this is only with the use of the D2 scheme that (i) the free and encapsulated [Fe(bpy)3]2+ are correctly predicted as LS species and that (ii) the encapsulation of both complexes translates into a destabilization of their HS state with respect to their LS state. The increase of the HS-LS energy difference is smaller for [Co(bpy)3]2+ than [Fe(bpy)3]2+ because the HS-LS molecular volume difference ΔVHL in [Co(bpy)3]2+ is ∼50% smaller than in [Fe(bpy)3]2+. Periodic DFT calculations performed on crystalline [M(bpy)3]2+@Y show that the employed [M(bpy)3]2+@YSM supramolecular model allows the influence of encapsulation on the geometry and the spin-state energetics of [M(bpy)3]2+ (M = Fe, Co) to be quantitatively captured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Missana
- Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Université de Genève, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211Genève 4, Switzerland
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20
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. The reactivity of the trapping reaction of the benzene-bridged boron/phosphorus-based frustrated Lewis pair with difluorocarbene and its group 14 analogs: A theoretical investigation. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1783-1792. [PMID: 36063085 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The trapping reactions of carbene analogs G14F2 (G14 = group 14 element) by the benzene-bridged B/P-Rea frustrated Lewis pair (FLPs) molecule are studied using density functional theory (B3LYP-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVP). Our theoretical investigations predict that only the CF2 intermediate rather than other heavy carbene analogs can be trapped by the B/P-Rea FLP-type molecule. Energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) analyses indicate that the bonding nature of the G14F2 catching reactions by the B/P-Rea FLP-type molecule is a donor-acceptor (singlet-singlet) interaction rather than an electron-sharing (triplet-triplet) interaction. Moreover, EDA-NOCV and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory findings strongly suggest that the lone pair (LP) (P) → vacant p-π-orbital (G14F2 ) interaction rather than the empty σ-orbital (B) ← sp2 -σ-orbital (G14F2 ) interaction plays a predominant role in establishing its bonding condition during the G14F2 trapping reaction with the B/P-Rea FLP-associated molecule. Our activation strain model findings reveal that the atomic radius of the G14 element of G14F2 plays a key role in determining the activation barrier of the G14F2 trapping reactions by the benzene-bridged B/P-Rea FLP. The valence bond state correlation diagram (VBSCD) model developed by Shaik is used to rationalize the calculated results. The VBSCD findings demonstrate that in the present trapping reactions, the singlet triplet splitting of G14F2 plays a significant role in influencing its reaction barrier and reaction enthalpy. Our theoretical results demonstrate that the relationship between the geometrical parameters of the transition states and the corresponding reaction free energy barriers agrees well with the findings based on the Hammond postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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21
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Yang MC, Zhang ZF, Su MD. Understanding the Reactivity of Combination Reactions of Intramolecular Geminal Group 13 Element/Phosphorus and Gallium/Group 15 Element Frustrated Lewis Pairs with CS 2. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12959-12976. [PMID: 35930703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of CS2 captured by intramolecular geminal G13/P-based (G13 = group 13 elements) and Ga/G15-based (G15 = group 15 elements) frustrated Lewis pairs have been theoretically examined by using density functional theory (DFT) computations. With regard to the nine FLP-related compounds, our DFT calculated results reveal that only Al/P-Rea and Ga/P-Rea can kinetically and thermodynamically precede the energetically feasible combination reactions with CS2 to form the five-membered heterocyclic adducts. Our activation strain model analyses on the nine aforementioned model molecules indicate that the atomic radius of the Lewis acceptor (G13) and the Lewis donor (G15) plays a role in controlling their barrier heights to obtain good orbital overlaps among G13/P-Rea, Ga/G15-Rea, and CS2. Our theoretical observations based on the energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) approach strongly indicate that the donor-acceptor bonding (i.e., singlet-singlet bonding) rather than the electron-sharing bonding (i.e., triplet-triplet bonding) plays a central role in determining the bonding conditions of the transition states, G13/P-TS and Ga/G15-TS. In addition, the theoretical evidence obtained by the frontier molecular orbital theory and EDA-NOCV analyses reveals that the best description for the bonding natures of the combination reactions of intramolecular geminal G13/P-Rea and Ga/G15-Rea with CS2 is the lone pair(G15) → p-π*(C) interaction rather than the p-π*(G13) ← p-π(S) interaction. Moreover, our present DFT computations concerning the calculated structures and corresponding relative energetics of the stationary points connected with the aforementioned sophisticated approaches are in accordance with the Hammond postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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22
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Mondal P, Pal R, Pal AK, Das S, Misra A, Datta A. Understanding the Regioselectivity of Ion-Pair-Assisted Meta-Selective C(sp 2)-H Activation in Conformationally Flexible Arylammonium Salts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9222-9231. [PMID: 35771188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lack of directionality and the long-range nature of Coulomb interactions have been a bottleneck to achieve chemically precise C-H activation using ion-pairs. Recent report by Phipps and co-workers of the ion-pair-directed regioselective Iridium-catalyzed borylation opens a new direction toward harnessing noncovalent interactions for C-H activation. In this article, the mechanism and specific role of ion-pairing are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Computational studies reveal that meta C-H activation is kinetically more favorable than the para analogue due to stronger electrostatic interactions between the ion-pairs in closer proximity [d(NMe3+···SO3-)TSP1m = 3.93 Å versus d(NMe3+···SO3-)TSP1p = 4.30 Å]. The electrostatic interactions overwhelm the Pauli repulsion and distortion interactions incurred in bringing the oppositely charged ions in close contact for the rate-limiting meta transition state (TSP1m). Multiple linear regression shows that the free energies of activation correlate well with descriptors like the charge densities on the meta carbon and Ir atom along with that on the cation and anion with R2 = 0.74. Tuned range-separated DFT calculations demonstrate accurately the localization of charge separation in the reactant complex and transition state for the meta selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rapti Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Dist-Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Dist-Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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23
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Quantum Chemical Approaches to the Calculation of NMR Parameters: From Fundamentals to Recent Advances. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8050050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods for the calculation of indirect NMR spin–spin coupling constants and chemical shifts are always in progress. They never stay the same due to permanently developing computational facilities, which open new perspectives and create new challenges every now and then. This review starts from the fundamentals of the nonrelativistic and relativistic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance parameters, and gradually moves towards the discussion of the most popular common and newly developed methodologies for quantum chemical modeling of NMR spectra.
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24
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Franzke YJ, Yu JM. Quasi-Relativistic Calculation of EPR g Tensors with Derivatives of the Decoupling Transformation, Gauge-Including Atomic Orbitals, and Magnetic Balance. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:2246-2266. [PMID: 35354319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We present an exact two-component (X2C) ansatz for the EPR g tensor using gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs) and a magnetically balanced basis set expansion. In contrast to previous X2C and four-component relativistic ansätze for the g tensor, this implementation results in a gauge-origin-invariant formalism. Furthermore, the derivatives of the relativistic decoupling matrix are incorporated to form the complete analytical derivative of the X2C Hamiltonian. To reduce the associated computational costs, we apply the diagonal local approximation to the unitary decoupling transformation (DLU). The quasi-relativistic X2C and DLU-X2C Hamiltonians accurately reproduce the results of the parent four-component relativistic theory when accounting for two-electron picture-change effects with the modified screened nuclear spin-orbit approximation in the respective one-electron integrals and integral derivatives. According to our benchmark studies, the uncontracted Dyall and segmented-contracted Karlsruhe x2c-type basis sets perform well when compared to large even-tempered basis sets. Moreover, (range-separated) hybrid density functional approximations such as LC-ωPBE and ωB97X-D are needed to match the experimental findings. The impact of the GIAOs depends on the distribution of the spin density, and their use may change the Δg shifts by 10-50% as shown for [(C5Me5)2Y(μ-S)2Mo(μ-S)2Y(C5Me5)2]-. Routine calculations of large molecules are possible with widely available and comparably low-cost hardware as demonstrated for [Pt(C6Cl5)4]- with 3003 basis functions and three spin-(1/2) La(II) and Lu(II) compounds, for which we observe good agreement with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J Franzke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jason M Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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25
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Yang MC, Zhang ZF, Su MD. Insights into the Factors Controlling the H–H Bond Cleavage Reactions by Five-Membered G13/P (G13 = Group 13 Element) and B/G15 (G15 = Group 15 Element) Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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26
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Gillhuber S, Franzke YJ, Weigend F. Paramagnetic NMR Shielding Tensors and Ring Currents: Efficient Implementation and Application to Heavy Element Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9707-9723. [PMID: 34723533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present an efficient implementation of paramagnetic NMR shielding tensors and shifts in a nonrelativistic and scalar-relativistic density functional theory framework. For the latter, we make use of the scalar exact two-component Hamiltonian in its local approximation, and generally we apply the well established (multipole-accelerated) resolution of the identity approximation and the seminumerical exchange approximation. The perturbed density matrix of a paramagnetic NMR shielding calculation is further used to study the magnetically induced current density and ring currents of open-shell systems as illustrated for [U@Bi12]3-. [U@Bi12]3- features delocalized highest occupied molecular orbitals and sustains a net diatropic ring current of ca. 18 nA/T through the Bi12 torus similar to the all-metal aromatic heavy-element cluster [Th@Bi12]4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gillhuber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yannick J Franzke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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27
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Zhang ZF, Yang MC, Su MD. Significant Insight into the Origin of Reaction Barriers Determining Dihydrogen Activation by G13-P-P (G13 = Group 13 Element) and G15-P-Ga (G15 = Group 15 Element) Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15253-15269. [PMID: 34570484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The heterolytic cleavage of H2 by multiply bonded phosphorus-bridged G13-P-P-Rea (G13 = B, Al, Ga, In, and Tl) and G15-P-Ga-Rea (G15 = N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory calculations. For the above nine FLP-type molecules, our theoretical findings suggest that only Al-P-P-Rea, Ga-P-P-Rea, and In-P-P-Rea can undergo the energetically feasible H2 activation reaction from kinetic and thermodynamic viewpoints. Our study based on the activation strain model (ASM) reveals that gaining a better orbital overlap between G13-P-P-Rea and G15-P-Ga-Rea molecules and H2 affected the reaction barriers through the atomic radius of G13 and G15. According to our energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) results, the bonding of these H2 activation reactions involving G13-P-P-Rea and G15-P-Ga-Rea is dominated by the donor-acceptor interaction (singlet-singlet interaction) rather than the electron-sharing interaction (triplet-triplet interaction). Moreover, our EDA-NOCV evidence reveals that the best description for the above bonding situations is the lone pair(G15) → σ*(H2) interaction rather than the empty p-π-orbital(G13) ← σ(H2) interaction. In particular, the findings in this work based on theoretically calculated geometries and the corresponding relative free energies of the stationary points combined with the results from the above sophisticated methods nicely agree with the famous Hammond postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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28
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Franzke YJ, Mack F, Weigend F. NMR Indirect Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in a Modern Quasi-Relativistic Density Functional Framework. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:3974-3994. [PMID: 34151571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A quasi-relativistic implementation of NMR indirect spin-spin coupling constants is presented. The exact two-component (X2C) Hamiltonian and its diagonal local approximation to the unitary decoupling transformation (DLU) are utilized together with the (modified) screened nuclear spin-orbit approach. In a restricted kinetic balance, the finite nucleus model is available for both the scalar and vector potentials. The implementation supports density functionals up to the fourth rung of Jacob's ladder, i.e., (range-separated) hybrid and local hybrid functionals based on a seminumerical ansatz. We assess the quality of our quasi-relativistic X2C approach by comparison with "fully" relativistic four-component results for small main-group molecules and alkynyl compounds. The mean absolute error introduced by the DLU scheme is less than 0.05 × 1019 T J-2 of the reduced coupling constant for the small main-group molecules and 0.5 Hz for the alkynyl compounds. Thus, the error is significantly smaller than finite nucleus size effects for heavy elements. The basis set convergence and the impact of different density functional approximations are further studied. We propose a simple scheme to develop segmented-contracted relativistic all-electron basis sets for NMR spin-spin couplings. Our implementation allows us to perform calculations of extended molecules with reasonable computational effort, which is illustrated for the 1J(119Sn, 31P) coupling constant of a low-valent tin phosphinidenide complex. The corresponding results are in good agreement with the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J Franzke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabian Mack
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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29
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Half-Sandwich LaBn−/0 (n = 14–17): π Dually Aromatic Lanthanide Boride Complexes with Multicenter Fluxional Bonds. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Sadik MNK, De S. S
2
N
2
– A 6π‐Electron Ligand with Tunable σ‐ and π‐ Donor‐Acceptor Property. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed N. K. Sadik
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara Kochi 682 022 India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Applied Chemistry Cochin University of Science and Technology Thrikakkara Kochi 682 022 India
- Inter University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices (IUCND) Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682 022 India
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31
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Shafiei-Haghighi S, Brar A, Unruh DK, Cozzolino AF, Findlater M. Experimental and Computational Studies of Phosphine Ligand Displacement in Iridium–Pincer Complexes Employing Pyridine or Acetonitrile. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shafiei-Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Aneelman Brar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Anthony F. Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Michael Findlater
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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32
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Zhao XY, Yan M, Wei Z, Li SD. Donor-acceptor duality of the transition-metal-like B 2 core in core-shell-like metallo-borospherenes La 3&[B 2@B 17] - and La 3&[B 2@B 18] . RSC Adv 2020; 10:34225-34230. [PMID: 35519037 PMCID: PMC9056772 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal doping induces dramatic structural changes and leads to earlier planar → tubular → spherical → core–shell-like structural transitions in boron clusters. Inspired by the newly discovered spherical trihedral metallo-borospherene D3h La3&B18− (1) (Chen, et al., Nat. Commun., 2020, 11, 2766) and based on extensive first-principles theory calculations, we predict herein the first and smallest core–shell-like metallo-borospherenes C2v La3&[B2@B17]− (2) and D3h La3&[B2@B18]− (3) which contain a transition-metal-like B2 core at the cage center with unique donor–acceptor duality in La3&Bn− spherical trihedral shells (n = 17, 18). Detailed energy decomposition and bonding analyses indicate that the B2 core in these novel complexes serves as a π-donor in the equatorial direction mainly to coordinate three La atoms on the waist and a π/σ-acceptor in the axial direction mainly coordinated by two B6 triangles on the top and bottom. These highly stable core–shell complexes appear to be spherically aromatic in nature in bonding patterns. The IR, Raman, and photoelectron spectra of 2 and 3 are computationally simulated to facilitate their spectroscopic characterizations. The smallest core–shell-like metallo-borospherenes C2v La3&[B2@B17]− and D3h La3&[B2@B18]− have been predicted at first-principles theory level which contain a transition-metal-like B2 core with unique donor–acceptor duality.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Yuncheng University Yuncheng 044000 China
| | - Miao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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33
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McCarver GA, Hinde RJ, Vogiatzis KD. Selecting Quantum-Chemical Methods for Lanthanide-Containing Molecules: A Balance between Accuracy and Efficiency. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10492-10500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin A. McCarver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Robert J. Hinde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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34
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Gomez Pech C, Haase PAB, Sergentu DC, Borschevsky A, Pilmé J, Galland N, Maurice R. Quantum chemical topology at the spin-orbit configuration interaction level: Application to astatine compounds. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:2055-2065. [PMID: 32618362 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report a methodology that allows the investigation of the consequences of the spin-orbit coupling by means of the QTAIM and ELF topological analyses performed on top of relativistic and multiconfigurational wave functions. In practice, it relies on the "state-specific" natural orbitals (NOs; expressed in a Cartesian Gaussian-type orbital basis) and their occupation numbers (ONs) for the quantum state of interest, arising from a spin-orbit configuration interaction calculation. The ground states of astatine diatomic molecules (AtX with X = AtF) and trihalide anions (IAtI- , BrAtBr- , and IAtBr- ) are studied, at exact two-component relativistic coupled cluster geometries, revealing unusual topological properties as well as a significant role of the spin-orbit coupling on these. In essence, the presented methodology can also be applied to the ground and/or excited states of any compound, with controlled validity up to including elements with active 5d, 6p, and/or 5f shells, and potential limitations starting with active 6d, 7p, and/or 6f shells bearing strong spin-orbit couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gomez Pech
- SUBATECH, UMR CNRS 6457, IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pi A B Haase
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- SUBATECH, UMR CNRS 6457, IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Pilmé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Paris, France
| | | | - Rémi Maurice
- SUBATECH, UMR CNRS 6457, IN2P3/IMT Atlantique/Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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35
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Rolfes JD, Neese F, Pantazis DA. All‐electronscalar relativistic basis sets for the elements Rb–Xe. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1842-1849. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Rolfes
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kohlenforschung Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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36
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Heiß P, Hornung J, Zhou X, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Gemel C, Fischer RA. Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on Hampered Phosphine Dissociation in Heteroleptic Ni/Zn Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:514-522. [PMID: 31874031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterometallic Ni/Zn complexes can serve as molecular models for the semihydrogenation of acetylene catalyzed by heterogeneous Ni/Zn phases. Pursuing this target, we present the synthesis of the series [Ni(ZnCp*)n(ZnMe)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3; 1, 2, 3) which is obtained via E/Zn exchange from [Ni(ECp*)n(PEt3)4-n] (n = 1-3, E = Al, Ga; P1, P2, P3). The isolation of the intermediate compound [Ni(GaCp*)(ZnCp*)(ZnMe)(PEt3)2] (2a) supports the assumption of a stepwise Ga/Zn exchange in the formation of 3. The dissociation behavior of PEt3 in 2 and 3 was investigated experimentally using variable temperature (VT) UV-vis spectroscopy indicating suppressed phosphine dissociation in both cases. For comparison, the absorption spectra of the saturated and unsaturated compounds were calculated using time dependent DFT calculations (TDDFT). Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbital for chemical valence extension (EDA NOCV) calculations shows a bond strengthening of the Ni-P bond by successive substitution of the phosphines with (ZnR)2 units. The influence of different phosphines (PMe3, PEt3, PPh3, P(OEt)3) on Ni-P bond length and on Zn-Zn interactions in [Ni(ZnR)2n(PR')4-n] (R = Cp*, Me; R' = Me, Et, Ph, OEt) was also studied by DFT calculations. A correlation of increasing sterical demand of the phosphine ligand and a shortening of the Zn-Zn distances is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Heiß
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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37
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Bokhan D, Trubnikov DN, Perera A, Bartlett RJ. Similarity-transformed equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method with spin-orbit effects for excited states. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134110. [PMID: 31594332 DOI: 10.1063/1.5121373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The similarity transformed equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method (STEOM-CCSD) for excited states is extended to treat spin-orbit coupling interactions (SOIs) using the spin-orbit mean field approximation of the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian. Two possible schemes to include the spin-orbit splittings of excited states within the STEOM-CCSD model are formulated. They are identified as "diagonalize-then-perturb" and "perturb-then-diagonalize" approaches. The second approach is more suited for cases where SOI is larger, and the first approach breaks down. With the aid of the standard many-body diagrammatic techniques, expressions for all the necessary matrix elements can be derived. These new formulations are implemented in the ACES III suite of parallel coupled cluster programs, and benchmark studies are performed. Numerical tests for several atoms and molecules show a good agreement of calculated spin-orbit splittings to experiment, while also documenting the numerical differences between the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Bokhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Beams, Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitrii N Trubnikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Beams, Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ajith Perera
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Rodney J Bartlett
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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38
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Kirsch T, Engel F, Gauss J. Analytic evaluation of first-order properties within the mean-field variant of spin-free exact two-component theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5095698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Till Kirsch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Franziska Engel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gauss
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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39
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Franzke YJ, Weigend F. NMR Shielding Tensors and Chemical Shifts in Scalar-Relativistic Local Exact Two-Component Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1028-1043. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J. Franzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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40
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Konecny L, Kadek M, Komorovsky S, Ruud K, Repisky M. Resolution-of-identity accelerated relativistic two- and four-component electron dynamics approach to chiroptical spectroscopies. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204104. [PMID: 30501232 DOI: 10.1063/1.5051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an implementation and application of electron dynamics based on real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) and relativistic 2-component X2C and 4-component Dirac-Coulomb (4c) Hamiltonians to the calculation of electron circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion spectra. In addition, the resolution-of-identity approximation for the Coulomb term (RI-J) is introduced into RT-TDDFT and formulated entirely in terms of complex quaternion algebra. The proposed methodology was assessed on the dimethylchalcogenirane series, C4H8X (X = O, S, Se, Te, Po, Lv), and the spectra obtained by non-relativistic and relativistic methods start to disagree for Se and Te, while dramatic differences are observed for Po and Lv. The X2C approach, even in its simplest one-particle form, reproduces the reference 4c results surprisingly well across the entire series while offering an 8-fold speed-up of the simulations. An overall acceleration of RT-TDDFT by means of X2C and RI-J increases with system size and approaches a factor of almost 25 when compared to the full 4c treatment, without compromising the accuracy of the final spectra. These results suggest that one-particle X2C electron dynamics with RI-J acceleration is an attractive method for the calculation of chiroptical spectra in the valence region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Konecny
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marius Kadek
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stanislav Komorovsky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Michal Repisky
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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41
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Mühlbach AH, Reiher M. Quantum system partitioning at the single-particle level. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:184104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5055942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H. Mühlbach
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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42
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Wu X, Zhao L, Jin J, Pan S, Li W, Jin X, Wang G, Zhou M, Frenking G. Observation of alkaline earth complexes M(CO) 8 (M = Ca, Sr, or Ba) that mimic transition metals. Science 2018; 361:912-916. [PMID: 30166489 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The alkaline earth metals calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba) typically engage in chemical bonding as classical main-group elements through their ns and np valence orbitals, where n is the principal quantum number. Here we report the isolation and spectroscopic characterization of eight-coordinate carbonyl complexes M(CO)8 (where M = Ca, Sr, or Ba) in a low-temperature neon matrix. Analysis of the electronic structure of these cubic Oh -symmetric complexes reveals that the metal-carbon monoxide (CO) bonds arise mainly from [M(dπ)] → (CO)8 π backdonation, which explains the strong observed red shift of the C-O stretching frequencies. The corresponding radical cation complexes were also prepared in gas phase and characterized by mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy, confirming adherence to the 18-electron rule more conventionally associated with transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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43
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Hornung J, Weßing J, Jerabek P, Gemel C, Pöthig A, Frenking G, Fischer RA. Suppressed Phosphine Dissociation by Polarization Effects on the Donor-Acceptor Bonds in [Ni(PEt 3) 4- n(ECp*) n] (E = Al, Ga). Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12657-12664. [PMID: 30247024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic complexes [Ni(PEt3)4- n(ECp*) n] (E = Al, Ga, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, n = 0-4) was prepared and characterized by experimental as well as computational means. The series of compounds was studied with respect to ligand dissociation processes which are fundamental for reactivity. In contrast to the homoleptic complexes [Ni(PR3) n] phosphine dissociation is remarkably suppressed in the heteroleptic title complexes. Single crystal X-ray structures as well as density functional theory calculations reveal a gradual decrease of the Ni-PEt3 distances with increasing number of coordinated group-13 ligands ECp*. Accordingly, variable-temperature UV-vis studies of [Ni(PEt3)4- n(AlCp*) n] in solution indicate no ligand dissociation equilibrium for n ≥ 2. Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbital for chemical valence extension shows higher Ni-P interaction energies for [Ni(PEt3)4- n(AlCp*) n] than for [Ni(PEt3)4] which is mainly a result of an increase in columbic attraction forces induced by Ni-PEt3 bond polarization upon ECp* coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Hornung
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,The New Zealand Institute of Advanced Study , Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jana Weßing
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Paul Jerabek
- The New Zealand Institute of Advanced Study , Massey University , Private Bag 102904, 0632 Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Christian Gemel
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , D-35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University Munich , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , D-85748 Garching , Germany.,Catalysis Research Centre , Technical University Munich , Ernst-Otto-Fischer Strasse 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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44
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Oberem E, Roesel AF, Rosas-Hernández A, Kull T, Fischer S, Spannenberg A, Junge H, Beller M, Ludwig R, Roemelt M, Francke R. Mechanistic Insights into the Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Catalyzed by Iron Cyclopentadienone Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Oberem
- LL&M Department, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arend F. Roesel
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Kull
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Steffen Fischer
- LL&M Department, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrik Junge
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- LL&M Department, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Institute of Chemistry, Rostock University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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45
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Franzke YJ, Middendorf N, Weigend F. Efficient implementation of one- and two-component analytical energy gradients in exact two-component theory. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:104110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J. Franzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nils Middendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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46
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Purushothaman I, De S, Parameswaran P. Different Donor-Acceptor Interactions of Carbene Ligands in Heteroleptic Divalent Group 14 Compounds, LEL′ (E=C-Sn; L=N-Heterocyclic Carbene; L′=Cyclic Alkyl(Amino) Carbene). Chemistry 2018; 24:3816-3824. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Purushothaman
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Calicut; NIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673 601 Kerala India
| | - Susmita De
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Calicut; NIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673 601 Kerala India
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Cochin University of Science and Technology; Trikakkara Cochin 682022, Kerala India
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology Calicut; NIT Campus P.O., Kozhikode 673 601 Kerala India
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47
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Maganas D, DeBeer S, Neese F. Pair Natural Orbital Restricted Open-Shell Configuration Interaction (PNO-ROCIS) Approach for Calculating X-ray Absorption Spectra of Large Chemical Systems. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1215-1227. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Maganas
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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48
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Bokhan D, Perera A, Trubnikov DN, Bartlett RJ. Excitation energies with spin-orbit couplings using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles eigenvectors. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:164118. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Bokhan
- Laboratory of Molecular Beams, Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ajith Perera
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Dmitrii N. Trubnikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Beams, Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Rodney J. Bartlett
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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49
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Maganas D, DeBeer S, Neese F. A Restricted Open Configuration Interaction with Singles Method To Calculate Valence-to-Core Resonant X-ray Emission Spectra: A Case Study. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11819-11836. [PMID: 28920680 PMCID: PMC5692824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new protocol for the calculation of valence-to-core resonant X-ray emission (VtC RXES) spectra is introduced. The approach is based on the previously developed restricted open configuration interaction with singles (ROCIS) method and its parametrized version, based on a ground-state Kohn-Sham determinant (DFT/ROCIS) method. The ROCIS approach has the following features: (1) In the first step approximation, many-particle eigenstates are calculated in which the total spin is retained as a good quantum number. (2) The ground state with total spin S and excited states with spin S' = S, S ± 1, are obtained. (3) These states have a qualitatively correct multiplet structure. (4) Quasi-degenerate perturbation theory is used to treat the spin-orbit coupling operator variationally at the many-particle level. (5) Transition moments are obtained between the relativistic many-particle states. The method has shown great potential in the field of X-ray spectroscopy, in particular in the field of transition-metal L-edge, which cannot be described correctly with particle-hole theories. In this work, the method is extended to the calculation of resonant VtC RXES [alternatively referred to as 1s-VtC resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS)] spectra. The complete Kramers-Dirac-Heisenerg equation is taken into account. Thus, state interference effects are treated naturally within this protocol. As a first application of this protocol, a computational study on the previously reported VtC RXES plane on a molecular managanese(V) complex is performed. Starting from conventional X-ray absorption spectra (XAS), we present a systematic study that involves calculations and electronic structure analysis of both the XAS and non-resonant and resonant VtC XES spectra. The very good agreement between theory and experiment, observed in all cases, allows us to unravel the complicated intensity mechanism of these spectroscopic techniques as a synergic function of state polarization and interference effects. In general, intense features in the RIXS spectra originate from absorption and emission processes that involve nonorthogonal transition moments. We also present a graphical method to determine the sign of the interference contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Maganas
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max Planck Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34−36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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50
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Van Kuiken BE, Ross MR, Strader ML, Cordones AA, Cho H, Lee JH, Schoenlein RW, Khalil M. Picosecond sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with applications to excited state proton transfer. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044021. [PMID: 28529962 PMCID: PMC5422206 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Picosecond X-ray absorption (XA) spectroscopy at the S K-edge (∼2.4 keV) is demonstrated and used to monitor excited state dynamics in a small organosulfur molecule (2-Thiopyridone, 2TP) following optical excitation. Multiple studies have reported that the thione (2TP) is converted into the thiol (2-Mercaptopyridine, 2MP) following photoexcitation. However, the timescale and photochemical pathway of this reaction remain uncertain. In this work, time-resolved XA spectroscopy at the S K-edge is used to monitor the formation and decay of two transient species following 400 nm excitation of 2TP dissolved in acetonitrile. The first transient species forms within the instrument response time (70 ps) and decays within 6 ns. The second transient species forms on a timescale of ∼400 ps and decays on a 15 ns timescale. Time-dependent density functional theory is used to identify the first and second transient species as the lowest-lying triplet states of 2TP and 2MP, respectively. This study demonstrates transient S K-edge XA spectroscopy as a sensitive and viable probe of time-evolving charge dynamics near sulfur sites in small molecules with future applications towards studying complex biological and material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Matthew L Strader
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Hana Cho
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Robert W Schoenlein
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Munira Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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