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Chen Y, Deng S, Xu N, Chen J. Recent Progress on ZnO Nanowires Cold Cathode and Its Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2150. [PMID: 34443983 PMCID: PMC8400790 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A cold cathode has many applications in high frequency and high power electronic devices, X-ray source, vacuum microelectronic devices and vacuum nanoelectronic devices. After decades of exploration on the cold cathode materials, ZnO nanowire has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates, in particular for large area field emitter arrays (FEAs). Numerous works on the fundamental field emission properties of ZnO nanowire, as well as demonstrations of varieties of large area vacuum microelectronic applications, have been reported. Moreover, techniques such as modifying the geometrical structure, surface decoration and element doping were also proposed for optimizing the field emissions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on recent progress on the ZnO nanowire cold cathode and its applications. We will begin with a brief introduction on the synthesis methods and discuss their advantages/disadvantages for cold cathode applications. After that, the field emission properties, mechanism and optimization will be introduced in detail. Then, the development for applications of large-area ZnO nanowire FEAs will also be covered. Finally, some future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Chen
- State Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Lab of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.C.); (S.D.); (N.X.)
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2
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Fkiri A, Wiem S, Sellami B, Saidani MA, Khazri A, Smiri LS. Facile synthesis of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticle in triethyleneglycol: photocatalytic activities and aquatic ecotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:3745-3755. [PMID: 31084529 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1619845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetisis method of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles is presented in this work, this novel approach allow one to produce Zinc oxide nanocristal owing to a modified Polyol process that makes use of triethyleneglycol (TREG) as a solvent. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption study, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The lightly doped Zn1-xCuxO photocatalysts consisted in a novel nanorods structure of Zn0.9990Cu0.0010O nanoparticles. Taking the photocatalytic degradation of diuron under solar light as liquid phase test reaction, the lightly doped Zn0.9990Cu0.0010O nanorods photocatalysts showed strongly enhanced photocatalytic activity when compared to the bare ZnO counterpart. The apparent rate constant value of Zn0.9990Cu0.0010O was 22 times higher than that of pure ZnO. In order to study the environmental risk of Cu-ZnO, clams Ruditapes decussatus were exposed to Cu-ZnOC1 = 0.5 mg/L, Cu-ZnOC2 = 1 mg/L and Cu-ZnO C3 = 5 mg/L. Catalase (CAT) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were determined in gills and digestive gland of treated and untreated clams. Thus, no significant effects were detected in the gills of exposed clams after 7 days compared to control. Thus, MDA level and CAT activity showed significant differences in digestive glands of groups treated by the highest concentration of Cu-ZnO NPs compared to the control. No adverse effects on AChE activity was detected after Cu-ZnO NPs exposure. These results demonstrated that, although Cu-ZnO NPs is not acutely toxic to Ruditapes decussatus, it does exert oxidative stress on clams. These results are encouraging for the Cu-ZnO NPs use in variety of applications due to its high photocatalytic and low environmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Fkiri
- Lab of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Saidani Wiem
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie et d'Ecologie Côtière (GREEC), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte Universté de Carthage, Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Badreddine Sellami
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Tabarka, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Saidani
- Lab of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhafidh Khazri
- Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement (LBE), Unité d'Ecotoxicologie et d'Ecologie Côtière (GREEC), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte Universté de Carthage, Zarzouna-Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Leila-Samia Smiri
- Lab of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
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3
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Kim HH, Kumi DO, Kim K, Park D, Yi Y, Cho SH, Park C, Ntwaeaborwa OM, Choi WK. Optimization of the electron transport in quantum dot light-emitting diodes by codoping ZnO with gallium (Ga) and magnesium (Mg). RSC Adv 2019; 9:32066-32071. [PMID: 35530797 PMCID: PMC9072960 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06976c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In our study, to optimize the electron–hole balance through controlling the electron transport layer (ETL) in the QD-LEDs, four materials (ZnO, ZnGaO, ZnMgO, and ZnGaMgO NPs) were synthesized and applied to the QD-LEDs as ETLs. By doping ZnO NPs with Ga, the electrons easily inject due to the increased Fermi level of ZnO NPs, and as Mg is further doped, the valence band maximum (VBM) of ZnO NPs deepens and blocks the holes more efficiently. Also, at the interface of QD/ETLs, Mg reduces non-radiative recombination by reducing oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of ZnO NPs. As a result, the maximum luminance (Lmax) and maximum luminance efficiency (LEmax) of QD-LEDs based on ZnGaMgO NPs reached 43 440 cd m−2 and 15.4 cd A−1. These results increased by 34%, 10% and 27% for the Lmax and 450%, 88%, and 208% for the LEmax when compared with ZnO, ZnGaO, and ZnMgO NPs as ETLs. Optimized QD-LEDs are fabricated using Ga–Mg-codoped ZnO NPs as ETL, which reached the LEmax and PEmax at 15.4 cd A−1 and 10.3 lm W−1.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hee Kim
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
| | - David O. Kumi
- School of Physics
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Wits 2050
- South Africa
| | - Kiwoong Kim
- Physics and Applied Physics
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- South Korea
| | - Donghee Park
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Physics and Applied Physics
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- South Korea
| | - So Hye Cho
- Materials Architecturing Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Korea
| | - O. M. Ntwaeaborwa
- School of Physics
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Wits 2050
- South Africa
| | - Won Kook Choi
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Korea
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Chikate PR, Bankar PK, Choudhary RJ, Ma YR, Patil SI, More MA, Phase DM, Shirage PM, Devan RS. Spitzer shaped ZnO nanostructures for enhancement of field electron emission behaviors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21664-21670. [PMID: 35539914 PMCID: PMC9080942 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed enhanced field emission (FE) behavior for spitzer shaped ZnO nanowires synthesized via a hydrothermal approach. The spitzer shaped and pointed tipped 1D ZnO nanowires of average diameter 120 nm and length ∼5-6 μm were randomly grown over an ITO coated glass substrate. The turn-on field (E on) of 1.56 V μm-1 required to draw a current density of 10 μA cm-2 from these spitzer shaped ZnO nanowires is significantly lower than that of pristine and doped ZnO nanostructures, and MoS2@TiO2 heterostructure based FE devices. The orthodoxy test that was performed confirms the feasibility of a field enhancement factor (β FE) of 3924 for ZnO/ITO emitters. The enhancement in FE behavior can be attributed to the spitzer shaped nanotips, sharply pointed nanotips and individual dispersion of the ZnO nanowires. The ZnO/ITO emitters exhibited very stable electron emission with average current fluctuations of ±5%. Our investigations suggest that the spitzer shaped ZnO nanowires have potential for further improving in electron emission and other functionalities after forming tunable nano-hetero-architectures with metal or conducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parameshwar R Chikate
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Indore 453552 India
| | - Prashant K Bankar
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune) Pune 411007 India
| | - Ram J Choudhary
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Khandwa Road Indore 452001 India
| | - Yuan-Ron Ma
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University Hualien 97401 Taiwan Republic of China
| | - Shankar I Patil
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune) Pune 411007 India
| | - Mahendra A More
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly, University of Pune) Pune 411007 India
| | - Deodatta M Phase
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Khandwa Road Indore 452001 India
| | - Parasharam M Shirage
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Indore 453552 India
| | - Rupesh S Devan
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Indore 453552 India
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5
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Duan JL, Lei DY, Chen F, Lau SP, Milne WI, Toimil-Molares ME, Trautmann C, Liu J. Vertically-Aligned Single-Crystal Nanocone Arrays: Controlled Fabrication and Enhanced Field Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:472-479. [PMID: 26666466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanostructures with conical shape, vertical alignment, large ratio of cone height and curvature radius at the apex, controlled cone angle, and single-crystal structure are ideal candidates for enhancing field electron-emission efficiency with additional merits, such as good mechanical and thermal stability. However, fabrication of such nanostructures possessing all these features is challenging. Here, we report on the controlled fabrication of large scale, vertically aligned, and mechanically self-supported single-crystal Cu nanocones with controlled cone angle and enhanced field emission. The Cu nanocones were fabricated by ion-track templates in combination with electrochemical deposition. Their cone angle is controlled in the range from 0.3° to 6.2° by asymmetrically selective etching of the ion tracks and the minimum tip curvature diameter reaches down to 6 nm. The field emission measurements show that the turn-on electric field of the Cu nanocone field emitters can be as low as 1.9 V/μm at current density of 10 μA/cm(2) (a record low value for Cu nanostructures, to the best of our knowledge). The maximum field enhancement factor we measured was as large as 6068, indicating that the Cu nanocones are promising candidates for field emission applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai Duan
- Materials Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Shu Ping Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - William I Milne
- Department of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge , 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M E Toimil-Molares
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Trautmann
- Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research , 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt , 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jie Liu
- Materials Research Center, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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6
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Sankaran KJ, Hoang DQ, Korneychuk S, Kunuku S, Thomas JP, Pobedinskas P, Drijkoningen S, Van Bael MK, D'Haen J, Verbeeck J, Leou KC, Leung KT, Lin IN, Haenen K. Hierarchical hexagonal boron nitride nanowall–diamond nanorod heterostructures with enhanced optoelectronic performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19596b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Covering diamond nanorod with hexagonal boron nitride nanowalls is an effective approach for the fabrication of hierarchical heterostructured field emission devices that open new prospects in flat panel displays and high brightness electron sources.
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang H, Jiang H, Wang X. Water induced protonation of amine-terminated micelles for direct syntheses of ZnO quantum dots and their cytotoxicity towards cancer. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3530-5. [PMID: 22543313 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This work designs a new strategy for the direct synthesis of different zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures at low temperatures. Micelles of dodecylamine (DDA) assembled in an ethanol-water system have been explored as a template to direct the growth of the ZnO nanostructures. The key species for the formation of the ZnO nanostructures, OH(-), can be provided by the water-induced protonation of DDA. The pH of the reaction micro-environment can be regulated by changing the input amount of water and DDA. By controlling the reaction temperature and pH, various ZnO nanostructures, i.e. quantum dots with green or yellow-green emissions, have been prepared. The relationship of the optical properties and the synthetic conditions has been further discussed. This strategy realizes the convenient preparation of ZnO QDs, indicating the potential prospects in the nanotechnology field for their low-cost synthesis. Meanwhile, the cellular toxicity study of ZnO nanoparticles toward cancer cells, including leukemia K562 and K562/A02 cells as well as HepG2 cells, indicates a selective cytotoxic effect of ZnO QDs against a broad range of human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinzhu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung WU Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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8
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Li Q, Cheng K, Weng W, Song C, Du P, Shen G, Han G. Room-temperature nonequilibrium growth of controllable ZnO nanorod arrays. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:477. [PMID: 21794165 PMCID: PMC3211990 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, controllable ZnO nanorod arrays were successfully synthesized on Si substrate at room temperature (approx. 25°C). The formation of controllable ZnO nanorod arrays has been investigated using growth media with different concentrations and molar ratios of Zn(NO3)2 to NaOH. Under such a nonequilibrium growth condition, the density and dimension of ZnO nanorod arrays were successfully adjusted through controlling the supersaturation degree, i.e., volume of growth medium. It was found that the wettability and electrowetting behaviors of ZnO nanorod arrays could be tuned through variations of nanorods density and length. Moreover, its field emission property was also optimized by changing the nanorods density and dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Kui Cheng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlu Song
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Piyi Du
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Shen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaorong Han
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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Maiti UN, Maiti S, Goswami S, Sarkar D, Chattopadhyay KK. Room temperature deposition of ultra sharp ZnO nanospike arrays on metallic, non-metallic and flexible carbon fabrics: Efficient field emitters. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00618a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Deng D, Martin ST, Ramanathan S. Synthesis and characterization of one-dimensional flat ZnO nanotower arrays as high-efficiency adsorbents for the photocatalytic remediation of water pollutants. NANOSCALE 2010; 2:2685-91. [PMID: 20949200 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report on facile fabrication of 1-D flat ZnO nanotower arrays on various substrates, including a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator. The nanotowers have a unique flat basal section near the substrate and taper in stages to wire-like at the tip. Electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize these new nanostructures, revealing that their morphologies are significantly influenced by reaction temperature. A qualitative formation mechanism is proposed based on the experimental observations. A proof-of-concept demonstration shows that the ZnO nanotower arrays are highly effective at adsorbing and subsequently photo-remediating a model pollutant (Eosin B) from water. These observations could promote new applications of photocatalytic adsorbents for wastewater treatment utilizing oxide semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Deng
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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11
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Yang Z, Zong X, Ye Z, Zhao B, Wang Q, Wang P. The application of complex multiple forklike ZnO nanostructures to rapid and ultrahigh sensitive hydrogen peroxide biosensors. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7534-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kharissova OV, Kharisov BI, García TH, Méndez UO. A Review on Less-common Nanostructures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15533170903433196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oxana V. Kharissova
- a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria UANL , San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Boris I. Kharisov
- a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria UANL , San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Tomás Hernández García
- a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria UANL , San Nicolás de los Garza, México
| | - Ubaldo Ortiz Méndez
- a Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria UANL , San Nicolás de los Garza, México
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Solá F, Biaggi-Labiosa A, Fonseca LF, Resto O, Lebrón-Colón M, Meador MA. Field Emission and Radial Distribution Function Studies of Fractal-like Amorphous Carbon Nanotips. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 4:431-436. [PMID: 20596340 PMCID: PMC2894329 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The short-range order of individual fractal-like amorphous carbon nanotips was investigated by means of energy-filtered electron diffraction in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The nanostructures were grown in porous silicon substrates in situ within the TEM by the electron beam-induced deposition method. The structure factor S(k) and the reduced radial distribution function G(r) were calculated. From these calculations a bond angle of 124 degrees was obtained which suggests a distorted graphitic structure. Field emission was obtained from individual nanostructures using two micromanipulators with sub-nanometer positioning resolution. A theoretical three-stage model that accounts for the geometry of the nanostructures provides a value for the field enhancement factor close to the one obtained experimentally from the Fowler-Nordheim law.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Solá
- Department of Physics, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
| | - A Biaggi-Labiosa
- Department of Physics, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
| | - LF Fonseca
- Department of Physics, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
| | - O Resto
- Department of Physics, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA
| | - M Lebrón-Colón
- Polymeric Materials Branch, Materials and Structures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
| | - MA Meador
- Polymeric Materials Branch, Materials and Structures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA
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14
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Wang X, Li G, Wang Y. Synthesis and characterization of well-aligned Cd–Al codoped ZnO nanorod arrays. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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