1
|
Gündoğdu B, Nouri AS, Afacan Y, Matzarakis A. Investigating the impacts of shaded outdoor spaces on thermal adaptation and cognitive performance of university students in classroom environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023; 67:1941-1955. [PMID: 37710026 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Shading strategies are effective means to reduce urban risk factors such as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The influence of shaded outdoor spaces on university students' thermal adaptability and cognitive performance is limited researched. The study aims at evaluating the effect of shaded outdoor spaces upon thermal comfort; and, linking such results upon university students' cognitive performance in a classroom environment with natural ventilation. A case study was conducted with students the ages of 19-22 at Bilkent University in Ankara, during the mid-season in October.The quantitative microclimatic conditions of the university campus's unshaded/shaded areas and indoor studios were obtained through Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index. The qualitative evaluation was undertaken by the adaptive model and thermal comfort survey. D2 test of attention was conducted to measure cognitive performance of students.This study revealed that the shade may increase thermal adaptation with the lowest mean PET of 18.7°C, while the highest mean PET of 33.2°C was obtained in sun-exposed space. Also, experiencing shaded outdoor space contributed to an improvement in concentration performance (CP) of students resulting in the mean CP score of 182.8, while those with sun-exposed outdoor space experience had the mean CP score of 167.6 within studios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Gündoğdu
- Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Turkey.
| | - A Santos Nouri
- Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Turkey
| | - Y Afacan
- Department of Interior Architecture and Environmental Design, Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture, Bilkent University, 06800, Bilkent, Turkey
| | - A Matzarakis
- Research Centre Human Biometeorology, German Meteorological Service, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Environmental Meteorology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79085, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun B, Wu J, Li C, Li C, Hu Z, Wang R. Effects of different extreme cold exposure on heart rate variability. ERGONOMICS 2023:1-40. [PMID: 37988319 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2286906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Frequent extreme cold events in recent years have brought serious threats to outdoor workers and rescuers. Changes in ambient temperature are associated with altered cardiac autonomic function. The study aims to investigate heart rate variability(HRV) and its relationship to other physiological parameters under extreme cold exposures. 12 males underwent a 30-minute preconditioning phase in a neutral environment followed by a 30-minute cold exposure(-5 °C, -10 °C, -15 °C, and -20 °C). Time-domain indexes(meanRR, SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50), frequency domain indexes(Log(HF), Log(LF), and low frequency/high frequency(LF/HF)), parasympathetic nervous system(PNS), and sympathetic nervous system(SNS) were analyzed. Results showed all HRV indexes of four cold exposures were significant. The decrease in temperature was accompanied by progressive PNS activation with SNS retraction. SDNN was the most sensitive HRV index and had good linear relationships with blood pressure, pulse, and hand temperature. The results are significant for formulating safety protection strategies for workers in extremely cold environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Sun
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiansong Wu
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chuan Li
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenming Li
- System Engineering Institute, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhuqiang Hu
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruotong Wang
- School of Emergency Management & Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferreira FC, Vaz Padilha MCS, Rocha TMDMS, Lima LS, Carandina A, Bellocchi C, Tobaldini E, Montano N, Soares PPDS, Rodrigues GD. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation during passive heating protocols: a systematic review. Physiol Meas 2023; 44:01TR01. [PMID: 36343372 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aca0d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective.To conduct a systematic review of the possible effects of passive heating protocols on cardiovascular autonomic control in healthy individuals.Approach.The studies were obtained from MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (BVS), EUROPE PMC (PMC), and SCOPUS databases, simultaneously. Studies were considered eligible if they employed passive heating protocols and investigated cardiovascular autonomic control by spontaneous methods, such as heart rate variability (HRV), systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), in healthy adults. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB-2) was used to assess the risk of bias in each study.Main results.Twenty-seven studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Whole-body heating protocols caused a reduction in cardiac vagal modulation in 14 studies, and two studies reported both increased sympathetic modulation and vagal withdrawal. Contrariwise, local-heating protocols and sauna bathing seem to increase cardiac vagal modulation. A reduction of BRS was reported in most of the studies that used whole-body heating protocols. However, heating effects on BRS remain controversial due to methodological differences among baroreflex analysis and heating protocols.Significance.Whole-body heat stress may increase sympathetic and reduce vagal modulation to the heart in healthy adults. On the other hand, local-heating therapy and sauna bathing seem to increase cardiac vagal modulation, opposing sympathetic modulation. Nonetheless, further studies should investigate acute and chronic effects of thermal therapy on cardiovascular autonomic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Castro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Teresa Mell da Mota Silva Rocha
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ligia Soares Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferreira FC, Padilha MCSV, Tobadini E, Bellocchi C, Carandina A, Montano N, Soares PPS, Rodrigues GD. Women have a greater cardiac vagal withdrawal to heat stress compared to men. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:444-453. [PMID: 38130655 PMCID: PMC10732604 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2135354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The heated environment shifts the sympatho-vagal balance toward sympathetic predominance and vagal withdrawal. Women's heart is more reliant on vagal autonomic control, while men's heart is more dependent on sympathetic control. However, sex differences in cardiovascular autonomic responses to heat stress remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic regulation under heat stress between sexes. Thirty-two young participants (27 ± 4 years old; 16 women) were enrolled in a single visit, resting for 30min at baseline (thermal reference condition TC; ∼24°C) and 30min under a heated environment (HOT; ∼38°C). Blood pressure (BP), skin temperature, electrocardiogram, and respiratory oscillations were continuously recorded. The heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by spectral analysis (low-frequency [LFnu; sympathetic and vagal] and high-frequency [HFnu; vagal]), and symbolic analysis (0 V% [sympathetic] and 2UV%, and 2LV% [vagal]). The spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was calculated by the gain between BP and R-R within the LF band (αLF). The estimated maximal aerobic capacity and body surface area were employed as covariates in sex comparisons. The effects of HOT were the following: 1) Women have a greater cardiac vagal withdrawal to heat stress compared to men; 2) Sex differences on cardiac autonomic response to heat stress exist after controlling for the effect of estimated physical fitness and body surface area. Therefore, heat stress provokes a higher vagal withdrawal to the heart in women compared to men. It could be attributed to sex per se since significant differences between men and women were not modified after covariate analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Michelle Cristina S. V. Padilha
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Tobadini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Paulo S. Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gabriel D. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carandina A, Lazzeri G, Rodrigues GD, Franco G, Monfrini E, Arienti F, Frattini E, Trezzi I, da Silva Soares PP, Bellocchi C, Furlan L, Montano N, Di Fonzo A, Tobaldini E. Dysautonomia in Parkinson’s Disease: Impact of Glucocerebrosidase Gene Mutations on Cardiovascular Autonomic Control. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:842498. [PMID: 35368256 PMCID: PMC8964968 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.842498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from clinical practice suggests that PD patients with the Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations (GBA-PD) are characterized by more severe dysautonomic symptoms than patients with idiopathic PD (iPD). Therefore, an accurate assessment of cardiovascular autonomic control (CAC) is necessary to clarify the role of GBA mutations in the pathophysiology of PD. We evaluated the CAC at rest and during orthostatic challenge of 15 iPD, 15 GBA-PD and 15 healthy controls (CTR). ECG and respiration were recorded in supine position and during active standing. The analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was performed on ECG recordings using two different approaches, linear spectral analysis and non-linear symbolic analysis. GBA-PD patients presented more frequently an akinetic-rigid phenotype and cognitive dysfunction than iPD patients. Both iPD and GBA-PD group were characterized by a lower spectral HRV than CTR group. At rest, the GBA-PD group was characterized by a lower parasympathetic modulation and a shift of the sympathovagal balance toward a sympathetic predominance compared to the CTR group. Moreover, the GBA-PD patients presented a lower HR increment and a lower or absent reduction of the vagal modulation in response to the active standing than iPD patients. Lastly, the cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in PD patients was associated with longer disease duration, and with the occurrence of REM sleep behavior disorder and constipation. Our findings suggest a more severe impairment of the CAC in PD patients with GBA mutations. These results and further studies on the role of GBA mutations could allow a stratification based on cardiovascular risk in PD patients and the implementation of specific prevention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Carandina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzeri
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Giulia Franco
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Monfrini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Arienti
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Frattini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Trezzi
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Chiara Bellocchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico Furlan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Eleonora Tobaldini,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barbic F, Minonzio M, Cairo B, Shiffer D, Cerina L, Verzeletti P, Badilini F, Vaglio M, Porta A, Santambrogio M, Gatti R, Rigo S, Bisoglio A, Furlan R. Effects of a cool classroom microclimate on cardiac autonomic control and cognitive performances in undergraduate students. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152005. [PMID: 34871696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An inverted U-shape relationship between cognitive performance and indoor temperature with best performance peaking at 21.6 °C was previously described. Little is known on classroom temperature reduction effects on cognitive performances and cardiac autonomic profile, during the cold season. Fifteen students underwent electrocardiogram recording during a lecture in two days in December when classroom temperatures were set as neutral (NEUTRAL, 20-22 °C) and cool (COOL, 16-18 °C). Cognitive performance (memory, verbal ability, reasoning, overall cognitive C-score) was assessed by Cambridge Brain Science cognitive evaluation tool. Cardiac autonomic control was evaluated via the analysis of spontaneous fluctuations of heart period, as the temporal distance between two successive R-wave peaks (RR). Spectral analysis provided the power in the high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.40 Hz) and low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) bands of RR variability. Sympatho-vagal interaction was assessed by LF to HF ratio (LF/HF). Symbolic analysis provided the fraction of RR patterns composed by three heart periods with no variation (0 V%) and two variations (2 V%), taken as markers of cardiac sympathetic and vagal modulations, respectively. The students' thermal comfort was assessed during NEUTRAL and COOL trials. Classroom temperatures were 21.5 ± 0.8 °C and 18.4 ± 0.4 °C during NEUTRAL and COOL. Memory, verbal ability, C-Score were greater during COOL (13.01 ± 3.43, 12.32 ± 2.58, 14.29 ± 2.90) compared to NEUTRAL (9.98 ± 2.26, p = 0.002; 8.57 ± 1.07, p = 0.001 and 10.35 ± 3.20, p = 0.001). LF/HF (2.4 ± 1.7) and 0 V% (23.2 ± 11.1%) were lower during COOL compared to NEUTRAL (3.7 ± 2.8, p = 0.042; 28.1 ± 12.2.1%, p = 0.031). During COOL, 2 V% was greater (30.5 ± 10.9%) compared to NEUTRAL (26.2 ± 11.3, p = 0.047). The students' thermal comfort was slightly reduced during COOL compared to NEUTRAL trial. During cold season, a better cognitive performance was obtained in a cooler indoor setting enabling therefore energy saving too.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franca Barbic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Maura Minonzio
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dana Shiffer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Porta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiothoracic, Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Santambrogio
- Dipartimento di Informazione, Elettronica e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Rigo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bisoglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Furlan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gronlund CJ, Ketenci KC, Reames TG, Larson PS, Schott J, Rowe Z, Jenkins QS, Sanca MO, Tournat T, Sol K, Williams D, Gijsbers E, O’Neill MS. Indoor apparent temperature, cognition, and daytime sleepiness among low-income adults in a temperate climate. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12972. [PMID: 34888941 PMCID: PMC8992972 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The burden of temperature-associated mortality and hospital visits is significant, but temperature's effects on non-emergency health outcomes is less clear. This burden is potentially greater in low-income households unable to afford efficient heating and cooling. We examined short-term associations between indoor temperatures and cognitive function and daytime sleepiness in low-income residents of Detroit, Michigan. Apparent temperature (AT, based on temperature and humidity) was recorded hourly in 34 participant homes between July 2019-March 2020. Between July-October 2019, 18 participants were administered word list immediate (WLL) and delayed (WLD) recall tests (10-point scales) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (24-point scale) 2-4 times. We applied longitudinal models with nonlinear distributed lags of temperature up to 7 days prior to testing. Indoor temperatures ranged 8-34°C overall and 15-34°C on survey days. We observed a 0.4 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.7) point increase in WLL and 0.4 (95% CI: 0.0, 0.9) point increase in WLD scores per 2°C increase in AT. Results suggested decreasing sleepiness scores with decreasing nighttime AT below 22°C. Low-income Detroit residents experience uncomfortably high and low indoor temperatures. Indoor temperature may influence cognitive function and sleepiness, although we did not observe deleterious effects of higher temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina J. Gronlund
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kaan Cem Ketenci
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tony G. Reames
- University of Michigan School for the Environment and Sustainability, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter S. Larson
- University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mario O. Sanca
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Troy Tournat
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ketlyne Sol
- University of Michigan Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Don’aa Williams
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emma Gijsbers
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marie S. O’Neill
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Advancement on Thermal Comfort in Educational Buildings: Current Issues and Way Forward. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermal environment in educational buildings is crucial to improve students’ health and productivity, as they spend a considerable amount of time in classrooms. Due to the complexity of educational buildings, research performed has been heterogeneous and standards for thermal comfort are based on office studies with adults. Moreover, they rely on single dose-response models that do not account for interactions with other environmental factors, or students’ individual preferences and needs. A literature study was performed on thermal comfort in educational buildings comprising of 143 field studies, to identify all possible confounding parameters involved in thermal perception. Educational stage, climate zone, model adopted to investigate comfort, and operation mode were then selected as confounding parameters and discussed to delineate the priorities for future research. Results showed that children often present with different thermal sensations than adults, which should be considered in the design of energy-efficient and comfortable educational environments. Furthermore, the use of different models to analyse comfort can influence field studies’ outcomes and should be carefully investigated. It is concluded that future studies should focus on a more rational evaluation of thermal comfort, also considering the effect that local discomfort can have on the perception of an environment. Moreover, it is important to carefully assess possible relationships between HVAC systems, building envelope, and thermal comfort, including their effect on energy consumption. Since several studies showed that the perception of the environment does not concern thermal comfort only, but it involves the aspects of indoor air, acoustic, and visual quality, their effect on the health and performance of the students should be assessed. This paper provides a way forward for researchers, which should aim to have an integrated approach through considering the positive effects of indoor exposure while considering possible individual differences.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ferreira FC, Vaz Padilha MCS, Tobadini E, Carandina A, Montano N, Soares PPDS, Rodrigues GD. The interplay between heated environment and active standing test on cardiovascular autonomic control in healthy individuals. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34261052 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective.To investigate the interplay between active standing and heat stress on cardiovascular autonomic modulation in healthy individuals.Approach.Blood pressure (BP) and ECG were continuously recorded during 30 min in supine (SUP) and 6 min in orthostatic position (ORT) under thermal reference (TC; ∼24 °C) or heated environment (HOT; ∼36 °C) conditions, in a randomized order. All data collection was performed during the winter and spring seasons when typical outdoor temperatures are ∼23 °C. Spectral analysis was employed by the autoregressive model of R-R and systolic blood pressure (SBP) time series and defined, within each band, in low (LF, 0.04 to 0.15 Hz) and high (0.15-0.40 Hz) frequencies. The indices of cardiac sympathetic (LF) and cardiac parasympathetic (HF) were normalized (nu) dividing each band power by the total power subtracted the very-low component (<0.04 Hz), obtaining the cardiac autonomic balance (LF/HF) modulation. The gain of the relationship between SBP and R-R variabilities within the LF band was utilized for analysis of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (alpha index;αLF). Nonlinear analysis was employed through symbolic dynamics of R-R, which provided the percentage of sequences of three heart periods without changes in R-R interval (0V%; cardiac sympathetic modulation) and two significant variations (2UV% and 2LV%; cardiac vagal modulation).Main results.HOT increased 0V% and HR, and decreasedαLF and 2UV% during SUP compared to TC. During ORT, HOT provokes a greater increment on HR, LF/HF and 0V%, indexes compared to ORT under TC.Significance.At rest, heat stress influences both autonomic branches, increasing sympathetic and decreasing vagal modulation and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. The augmented HR during active standing under heat stress seems to be mediated by a greater increment in cardiac sympathetic modulation, showing an interplay between gravitational and thermal stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Castro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Eleonora Tobadini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, I-20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Carandina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, I-20122 Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Exercise Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluating the Connection between Thermal Comfort and Productivity in Buildings: A Systematic Literature Review. BUILDINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings11060244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The thermal environment is one of the main factors that influence thermal comfort and, consequently, the productivity of occupants inside buildings. Throughout the years, research has described the connection between thermal comfort and productivity. Mathematical models have been established in the attempt to predict changes in productivity according to thermal variations in the environment. Some of these models have failed for a number of reasons, including the understanding of the effect that several environment variables have had on performance. From this context, a systematic literature review was carried out with the aim of verifying the connection between thermal comfort and productivity and the combinations of different thermal and personal factors that can have an effect on productivity. A hundred and twenty-eight articles were found which show a connection between productivity and some thermal comfort variables. By means of specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles were selected for a final analysis. The main conclusions found in this study were: (i) the vast majority of research uses subjective measures and/or a combination of methods to evaluate productivity; (ii) performance/productivity can be attained within an ampler temperature range; (iii) few studies present ways of calculating productivity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Brink HW, Loomans MGLC, Mobach MP, Kort HSM. Classrooms' indoor environmental conditions affecting the academic achievement of students and teachers in higher education: A systematic literature review. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:405-425. [PMID: 32969550 PMCID: PMC7983931 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the outcomes of a systematic literature review, which aims to determine the influence of four indoor environmental parameters - indoor air, thermal, acoustic, and lighting conditions -on the quality of teaching and learning and on students' academic achievement in schools for higher education, defined as education at a college or university. By applying the Cochrane Collaboration Method, relevant scientific evidence was identified by systematically searching in multiple databases. After the screening process, 21 publications of high relevance and quality were included. The collected evidence showed that the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) can contribute positively to the quality of learning and short-term academic performance of students. However, the influence of all parameters on the quality of teaching and the long-term academic performance could not be determined yet. Students perform at their best in different IEQ conditions, and these conditions are task-dependent, suggesting that classrooms which provide multiple IEQ classroom conditions facilitate different learning tasks optimally. In addition, the presented evidence illuminates how to examine the influence of the IEQ on users. Finally, this information supports decision-makers in facility management and building systems engineering to improve the IEQ, and by doing so, allow teachers and students to perform optimally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henk W. Brink
- Research Centre for Built Environment NoorderRuimteHanze University of Applied SciencesGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of the Built EnvironmentBuilding Performance IEQ‐HealthEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel G. L. C. Loomans
- Department of the Built EnvironmentBuilding Performance IEQ‐HealthEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Mark P. Mobach
- Research Centre for Built Environment NoorderRuimteHanze University of Applied SciencesGroningenThe Netherlands
- Research Group Spatial Environment and the UserThe Hague University of Applied SciencesThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Helianthe S. M. Kort
- Department of the Built EnvironmentBuilding Performance IEQ‐HealthEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Research Group Technology for Healthcare InnovationsResearch Centre Sustainable and Healthy LivingUtrecht University of Applied SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cardiovascular Autonomic Control, Sleep and Health Related Quality of Life in Systemic Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052276. [PMID: 33668942 PMCID: PMC7956693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain and dysautonomic symptoms deteriorate Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients’ health-related quality of life with serious repercussions on social life and even on sleep. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis can identify cardiovascular autonomic control impairment in subclinical condition. The aim of the present observational cross-sectional study was to assess the relationship between dysautonomic symptoms, quality of life status and cardiovascular autonomic profile. ECG and respiration were recorded at rest in 20 SSc patients. HRV analysis was performed using two different approaches: Linear spectral analysis and non-linear symbolic analysis. Pain was evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and 3 questionnaires were administered for the evaluation of sleep quality (PSQI), mood tone (PHQ-9) and disability (HAQ). We found that sleep impairment was related to sympathetic predominance at rest measured as low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) (r = 0.48 and p = 0.033); poorer sleep quality was related to higher pain values (r = 0.48 and p = 0.034) and depressive symptoms (r = 0.82 and p < 0.01); higher pain scores were related to higher cardiovascular vagal modulation and higher disability indexes (r = 0.47 and p = 0.038 & r = 0.55 and p = 0.012, respectively). In conclusion dysautonomia and chronic pain showed a severe impact on sleep quality and disability with a consequent worsening of depressive symptom in our cohort of SSc patients.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wolkoff P, Azuma K, Carrer P. Health, work performance, and risk of infection in office-like environments: The role of indoor temperature, air humidity, and ventilation. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 233:113709. [PMID: 33601136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed the effects of the room temperature, indoor air humidity, and ventilation on human health, work and cognitive performance, and risk of infection. In this overview, we integrate the influence of these important microclimatic parameters and assess their influence in offices based on literature searches. The dose-effect curves of the temperature describe a concave shape. Low temperature increases the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and elevated temperature increases the risk of acute non-specific symptoms, e.g., dry eyes, and respiratory symptoms. Cognitive and work performance is optimal between 22 °C and 24 °C for regions with temperate or cold climate, but both higher and lower temperatures may deteriorate the performances and learning efficiency. Low temperature may favor virus viability, however, depending on the status of the physiological tissue in the airways. Low indoor air humidity causes vulnerable eyes and airways from desiccation and less efficient mucociliary clearance. This causes elevation of the most common mucous membrane-related symptoms, like dry and tired eyes, which deteriorates the work performance. Epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies support that intervention of dry indoor air conditions by humidification alleviates symptoms of dry eyes and airways, fatigue symptoms, less complaints about perceived dry air, and less compromised work performance. Intervention of dry air conditions by elevation of the indoor air humidity may be a non-pharmaceutical treatment of the risk of infection by reduced viability and transport of influenza virus. Relative humidity between 40 and 60% appears optimal for health, work performance, and lower risk of infection. Ventilation can reduce both acute and chronic health outcomes and improve work performance, because the exposure is reduced by the dilution of the indoor air pollutants (including pathogens, e.g., as virus droplets), and in addition to general emission source control strategies. Personal control of ventilation appears an important factor that influences the satisfaction of the thermal comfort due to its physical and positive psychological impact. However, natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation can become sources of air pollutants, allergens, and pathogens of outdoor or indoor origin and cause an increase in exposure. The "health-based ventilation rate" in a building should meet WHO's air quality guidelines and dilute human bio-effluent emissions to reach an acceptable perceived indoor air quality. Ventilation is a modifying factor that should be integrated with both the indoor air humidity and the room temperature in a strategic joint control to satisfy the perceived indoor air quality, health, working performance, and minimize the risk of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peder Wolkoff
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kenichi Azuma
- Dept Environmental Medicine and Behavioral Science, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Paolo Carrer
- Dept Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, 20157, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Golshan T, Lande S, Nickfardjam K, Cohensedgh S, Roitblat Y, Nehuliaieva L, Khabie D, Stillman R, Volynsky-Lauson A, Mametov K, Shterenshis M. Thermal Comfort in School Classes in the Era of Global Warming: A Prospective Multicenter Study. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2021; 91:146-154. [PMID: 33404108 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated adolescents' feelings of thermal comfort during the educational process in various geographical locations far apart and present recommendations for the adjustment of the thermal environment in schools. METHODS The prospective international multicenter study took place in 8 locations on different continents. The survey in the form of a questionnaire was carried out among 2800 healthy high school students. The study was divided into "cold season survey," "warm-season survey," and heat wave survey. RESULTS The statistically significant difference between the "cold season survey" score of 4.04 (discomfort) and "warm-season survey" score of 3.47 (slight discomfort) (p = .04) indicates that students feel more thermal discomfort during winter months in all 8 locations. The heat wave survey score was 4.53 (discomfort). During the cold season, 29.24% of high school students felt themselves in full thermal comfort and 76.48% of the students felt themselves relatively comfortable (slightly cool-comfortable-slightly warm). CONCLUSIONS Even during the ongoing process of climate change, the cold season discomfort remains the main problem for students in classes. This tendency is present in different continents as a universal problem. We recommend keeping an entrance hall and classroom temperatures at different levels and to advise students about proper clothing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Golshan
- Science Research Department, Milken Community High School, 15800 Zeldin's Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90049., USA
| | - Sarah Lande
- Science Research Department, Milken Community High School, 15800 Zeldin's Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90049, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Nickfardjam
- Science Research Department, Milken Community High School, 15800 Zeldin's Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90049, USA
| | - Sabrina Cohensedgh
- Science Research Department, Milken Community High School, 15800 Zeldin's Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90049, USA
| | - Yulia Roitblat
- Science Research Department, Alexander Muss High School in Israel (AMHSI) affiliated with Alexander Muss Institute for Israel Education (AMIIE), Aliyat HaNoar 9, Hod HaSharon, Israel 45102; Multidisciplinary Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liliia Nehuliaieva
- Department of Pediatrics, Andrei Krupynskyi Lviv Medical Academy, Lviv, Ukraine, 79010
| | - David Khabie
- St. Louis Park High School, 6425 W. 33rd St., St. Louis Park, MN, 55426, USA
| | - Ruby Stillman
- St. Louis Park High School, 6425 W. 33rd St., St. Louis Park, MN, 55426, USA
| | | | - Kadri Mametov
- Crimean Republican Center for Disaster Medicine and Emergency Medical Aid, Simferopol, Russia
| | - Michael Shterenshis
- Science Research Department, Alexander Muss High School in Israel (AMHSI) affiliated with Alexander Muss Institute for Israel Education (AMIIE), Aliyat HaNoar 9, Hod HaSharon, Israel, 45102
| |
Collapse
|