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Afsharnia M, Junaid S, Saravi S, Chemnitz M, Wondraczek K, Pertsch T, Schmidt MA, Setzpfandt F. Generation of infrared photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a CS 2-filled microstructured optical fiber. Sci Rep 2024; 14:977. [PMID: 38200053 PMCID: PMC10781736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate frequency non-degenerate photon-pair generation via spontaneous four-wave mixing from a novel CS2-filled microstructured optical fiber. CS2 has high nonlinearity, narrow Raman lines, a broad transmission spectrum, and also has a large index contrast with the microstructured silica fiber. We can achieve phase matching over a large spectral range by tuning the pump wavelength, allowing the generation of idler photons in the infrared region, which is suitable for applications in quantum spectroscopy. Moreover, we demonstrate a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of larger than 90 and a pair generation efficiency of about [Formula: see text] per pump pulse, which shows the viability of this fiber-based platform as a photon-pair source for quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Afsharnia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Saher Junaid
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sina Saravi
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Chemnitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Wondraczek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Pertsch
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Street 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Frank Setzpfandt
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745, Jena, Germany
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2
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Kwaśny M, Mergo P, Napierała M, Markiewicz K, Laudyn UA. Intermodal Four-Wave Mixing Process in Strain-Induced Birefringent Multimode Optical Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5604. [PMID: 36013741 PMCID: PMC9414440 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our study investigated the partially degenerate intermodal four-wave mixing (IM-FWM) process in nonlinear multimode optical fibers with strain-induced birefringence. The difference in the refractive index along the two orthogonal directions was due to the photoelastic effect that occurred when the fiber under test (FUT) was subjected to uniformly applied diameter stress caused by winding on a cylinder of a given diameter. Our work analyzed how the nonlinear frequency conversion and the output modal field profiles depended on the degree of birefringence in FUT. The experimental results significantly affected the order of the excited moduli in fiber sections characterized by different amounts of birefringence. We also checked the efficiency of the FWM process for different polarizations of the pump beam to determine those for which the FWM process was most effective for the 532 nm sub-nanosecond pulses. More than 30% conversion efficiency was obtained for the FUTs with a length of tens of centimeters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kwaśny
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Mergo
- Laboratory of Optical Fiber Technology, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, 3 M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Napierała
- InPhoTech Sp. z o.o., 400 Poznańska, 05-850 Ołtarzew, Poland
| | | | - Urszula A. Laudyn
- Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Afsharnia M, Lyu Z, Pertsch T, Schmidt MA, Saravi S, Setzpfandt F. Spectral tailoring of photon pairs from microstructured suspended-core optical fibers with liquid-filled nanochannels. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29680-29693. [PMID: 36299137 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the generation of photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a liquid-filled microstructured suspended-core optical fiber. We show that it is possible to control the wavelength, group velocity, and bandwidths of the two-photon states. Our proposed fiber structure shows a large number of degrees of freedom to engineer the two-photon state. Here, we focus on the factorable state, which shows no spectral correlation in the two-photon components of the state, and allows the heralding of a single-photon pure state without the need for spectral post-filtering.
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4
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Flam-Shepherd D, Wu TC, Gu X, Cervera-Lierta A, Krenn M, Aspuru-Guzik A. Learning interpretable representations of entanglement in quantum optics experiments using deep generative models. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Chapman JC, Peters NA. Heterodyne spectrometer sensitivity limit for quantum networking. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5002-5009. [PMID: 36256176 DOI: 10.1364/ao.459172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical heterodyne detection-based spectrometers are attractive due to their relatively simple construction and ultrahigh resolution. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-principle single-mode optical-fiber-based heterodyne spectrometer that has picometer resolution and quantum-limited sensitivity around 1550 nm. Moreover, we report a generalized quantum limit of detecting broadband multispectral-temporal-mode light using heterodyne detection, which provides a sensitivity limit on a heterodyne detection-based optical spectrometer. We then compare this sensitivity limit to several spectrometer types and dim light sources of interest such as spontaneous parametric downconversion, Raman scattering, and spontaneous four-wave mixing. We calculate that the heterodyne spectrometer is significantly less sensitive than a single-photon detector and is unable to detect these dim light sources, except for the brightest and narrowest-bandwidth examples.
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6
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Is Heralded Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence with Single Absorbers Possible with Current Technology? PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between single or a fixed number of photons with a single absorber is of fundamental interest in quantum technology. The harnessing of light matter interactions at the single particle limit has several potential applications ranging from quantum communication and quantum metrology to quantum imaging. In this perspective, a setup for heralded two-photon excited fluorescence at the single absorber level is proposed. The setup is based on a heralded two-photon source utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion, entanglement swapping and sum frequency generation for joint detection. This perspective aimed at triggering a discussion about the study of TPA and TPEF with only very few photons. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed by estimating the performance based on state-of-the-art technologies and losses, with the conclusion that the realization appears to be very challenging, but not completely impossible.
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7
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Xie M, Seok Lee Y, Tannous R, Long GL, Jennewein T. Roles of fiber birefringence and Raman scattering in the spontaneous four-wave mixing process through birefringent fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31348-31363. [PMID: 34615229 DOI: 10.1364/oe.436061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of fiber birefringence and spontaneous Raman scattering on the properties of photon pairs that are generated by the spontaneous four-wave mixing process in birefringent fibers. Starting from the formulation of the theory of four-wave mixing, we show a theoretical model for a generated optical field with the consideration of the Raman scattering and a Gaussian-distributed pump. The theoretical model is then applied for deriving the closed expressions of the photon-pair spectral properties as a function of the fiber birefringence. Also, with the modeled Raman gain, we evaluate the reduction of the pair production rate due to the presence of the Raman effect as well as the contributions of the Raman-scattered photons over a broad wavelength range. The predictions are experimentally verified with a commercial polarization-maintaining fiber.
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8
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Lopez-Huidobro S, Lippl M, Joly NY, Chekhova MV. Fiber-based biphoton source with ultrabroad frequency tunability. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4033-4036. [PMID: 34388804 DOI: 10.1364/ol.434434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tunable biphotons are highly important for a wide range of quantum applications. For some applications, especially interesting are cases where two photons of a pair are far apart in frequency. Here, we report a tunable biphoton source based on a xenon-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Tunability is achieved by adjusting the pressure of the gas inside the fiber. This allows us to tailor the dispersion landscape of the fiber, overcoming the principal limitations of solid-core fiber-based biphoton sources. We report a maximum tunability of 120 THz for a pressure range of 4 bar with a continuous shift of 30 THz/bar. At 21 bar, the photons of a pair are separated by more than one octave. Despite the large separation, both photons have large bandwidths. At 17 bar, they form a very broad (110 THz) band around the frequency of the pump.
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9
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Yonezu Y, Kou R, Nishi H, Tsuchizawa T, Yamada K, Aoki T, Ishizawa A, Matsuda N. Evaluation of graphene optical nonlinearity with photon-pair generation in graphene-on-silicon waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30262-30271. [PMID: 31684275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the nonlinear coefficient of graphene-on-silicon waveguides through the coincidence measurement of photon-pairs generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing. We observed the temporal correlation of the photon-pairs from the waveguides over various transfer layouts of graphene sheets. A simple analysis of the experimental results using coupled-wave equations revealed that the atomically-thin graphene sheets enhanced the nonlinearity of silicon waveguides up to ten-fold. The results indicate that the purely χ (3)-based effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene is on the order of 10-13 m 2/W, and provide important insights for applications of graphene-based nonlinear optics in on-chip nanophotonics.
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10
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Kasperczyk M, de Aguiar Júnior FS, Rabelo C, Saraiva A, Santos MF, Novotny L, Jorio A. Temporal Quantum Correlations in Inelastic Light Scattering from Water. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:243603. [PMID: 28009217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.243603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most prevalent chemicals on our planet, an integral part of both our environment and our existence as a species. Yet it is also rich in anomalous behaviors. Here we reveal that water is a novel-yet ubiquitous-source for quantum correlated photon pairs at ambient conditions. The photon pairs are produced through Raman scattering, and the correlations arise from the shared quantum of a vibrational mode between the Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering events. We confirm the nonclassical nature of the produced photon pairs by showing that the cross-correlation and autocorrelations of the signals violate a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality by over 5 orders of magnitude. The unprecedented degree of violating the inequality in pure water, as well as the well-defined polarization properties of the photon pairs, points to its usefulness in quantum information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filomeno S de Aguiar Júnior
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horiztone, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Rabelo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horiztone, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andre Saraiva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horiztone, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
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11
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Finger MA, Iskhakov TS, Joly NY, Chekhova MV, Russell PSJ. Raman-Free, Noble-Gas-Filled Photonic-Crystal Fiber Source for Ultrafast, Very Bright Twin-Beam Squeezed Vacuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:143602. [PMID: 26551812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel source of twin beams based on modulational instability in high-pressure argon-filled hollow-core kagome-style photonic-crystal fiber. The source is Raman-free and manifests strong photon-number correlations for femtosecond pulses of squeezed vacuum with a record brightness of ∼2500 photons per mode. The ultra-broadband (∼50 THz) twin beams are frequency tunable and contain one spatial and less than 5 frequency modes. The presented source outperforms all previously reported squeezed-vacuum twin-beam sources in terms of brightness and low mode content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Finger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timur Sh Iskhakov
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Y Joly
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Philip St J Russell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Kasperczyk M, Jorio A, Neu E, Maletinsky P, Novotny L. Stokes-anti-Stokes correlations in diamond. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2393-2396. [PMID: 26393748 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the arrival statistics of Stokes (S) and anti-Stokes (aS) Raman photons generated in thin diamond crystals. Strong quantum correlations between the S and aS signals are observed, which implies that the two processes share the same phonon; that is, the phonon excited in the S process is consumed in the aS process. We show that the intensity cross-correlation g(S,aS)(2)(0), which describes the simultaneous detection of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons, increases steadily with decreasing laser power and saturates at very low pump powers, implying that the number of Stokes-induced aS photons is comparable to the number of spontaneously generated aS photons. Furthermore, the coincidence rate shows a quadratic plus cubic power dependence, indicating the generation of multiple S photons per pulse at high powers.
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13
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Dong S, Yu L, Zhang W, Wu J, Zhang W, You L, Huang Y. Generation of hyper-entanglement in polarization/energy-time and discrete-frequency/energy-time in optical fibers. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9195. [PMID: 25779686 PMCID: PMC4361880 DOI: 10.1038/srep09195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a generation scheme for telecom band hyper-entanglement is proposed and demonstrated based on the vector spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) processes in optical fibers. Two kinds of two-photon states are generated, one is hyper-entangled in the degree of freedoms (DOFs) of energy-time and polarization, the other is hyper-entangled in DOFs of energy-time and discrete-frequency. Experiments of Franson-type interference, two-photon interference under non-orthogonal polarization bases and spatial quantum beating are realized to demonstrate the entanglement in energy-time, polarization and frequency, respectively. This scheme provides a simple way to realize telecom band hyper-entanglement, which has potential for large geographic-scale applications of quantum communication and quantum information over optical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Dong
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lingjie Yu
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lixing You
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yidong Huang
- Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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14
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Vered RZ, Shaked Y, Ben-Or Y, Rosenbluh M, Pe'er A. Classical-to-quantum transition with broadband four-wave mixing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:063902. [PMID: 25723221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.063902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A key question of quantum optics is how nonclassical biphoton correlations at low power evolve into classical coherence at high power. Direct observation of the crossover from quantum to classical behavior is desirable, but difficult due to the lack of adequate experimental techniques that cover the ultrawide dynamic range in photon flux from the single photon regime to the classical level. We investigate biphoton correlations within the spectrum of light generated by broadband four-wave mixing over a large dynamic range of ∼80 dB in photon flux across the classical-to-quantum transition using a two-photon interference effect that distinguishes between classical and quantum behavior. We explore the quantum-classical nature of the light by observing the interference contrast dependence on internal loss and demonstrate quantum collapse and revival of the interference when the four-wave mixing gain in the fiber becomes imaginary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Z Vered
- Physics Department and BINA Center for Nano-technology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yaakov Shaked
- Physics Department and BINA Center for Nano-technology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yelena Ben-Or
- Physics Department and BINA Center for Nano-technology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Michael Rosenbluh
- Physics Department and BINA Center for Nano-technology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Avi Pe'er
- Physics Department and BINA Center for Nano-technology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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15
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Dong S, Zhou Q, Zhang W, He Y, Zhang W, You L, Huang Y, Peng J. Energy-time entanglement generation in optical fibers under CW pumping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:359-368. [PMID: 24514996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the energy-time entangled photon-pairs at 1.5 μm are generated by the spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in optical fibers under continuous wave (CW) pumping. The energy-time entanglement property is demonstrated experimentally through an experiment of Franson-type interference. Although the generation rates of the noise photons are one order of magnitude higher than that of the photon-pairs under CW pumping, the impact of noise photons can be highly suppressed in the measurement by a narrow time domain filter supported by superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with low timing jitters and time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) module with high time resolution. The experiment results show that the SFWM in optical fibers under CW pumping provides a simple and practical way to generate energy-time entanglement at 1.5 μm, which has great potential for long-distance quantum information applications over optical fibers.
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16
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Cui L, Li X, Guo C, Li YH, Xu ZY, Wang LJ, Fang W. Generation of correlated photon pairs in micro/nano-fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:5063-5066. [PMID: 24281510 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the generation of correlated photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a 15 cm long micro/nano-fiber (MNF). The MNF is properly fabricated to satisfy the phase-matching condition for generating the signal and idler photon pairs at wavelengths of about 1310 and 851 nm, respectively. Photon-counting measurements yield a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 530 for a photon production rate of about 0.002 (0.0005) per pulse in the signal (idler) band. We also analyze the spectral information of the signal photons originating from SFWM and Raman scattering (RS). In addition to discovering some unique features of RS, we find the bandwidth of the individual signal photons is much greater than the calculated value for the MNF with homogeneous structure. Our investigations indicate the MNF is a promising candidate for developing the sources of nonclassical light and the spectral property of photon pairs can be used to noninvasively test the diameter and homogeneity of the MNF.
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17
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Cheng H, Luo Z, Ye C, Huang Y, Liu C, Cai Z. Numerical modeling of mid-infrared fiber optical parametric oscillator based on the degenerated FWM of tellurite photonic crystal fiber. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:525-529. [PMID: 23338203 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared fiber optical parametric oscillators (MIR FOPOs) based on the degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) of tellurite photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are proposed and modeled for the first time. Using the DFWM coupled-wave equations, numerical simulations are performed to analyze the effects of tellurite PCFs, single-resonant cavity, and pump source on the MIR FOPO performances. The numerical results show that: (1) although a longer tellurite PCF can decrease the pump threshold of MIR FOPOs to a few watts only, the high conversion-efficiency of MIR idler usually requires a short-length optimum PCF with low loss; (2) compared with the single-pass DFWM configurations of the MIR fiber sources published previously, the stable oscillation of signal light in single-resonant cavity can significantly promote the MIR idler output efficiency. With a suggested tellurite PCF as parametric gain medium, the theoretical prediction indicates that such a MIR FOPO could obtain a wide MIR-tunable range and a high conversion efficiency of more than 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Cheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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18
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Zhou Q, Zhang W, Cheng JR, Huang YD, Peng JD. Noise performance comparison of 1.5 microm correlated photon pair generation in different fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:17114-17123. [PMID: 20721100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the noise performances of 1.5 microm correlated photon pair generation based on spontaneous four wave-mixing in three types of fibers, i.e., dispersion shifted fiber, traditional highly nonlinear fiber and highly nonlinear microstructure fiber are investigated experimentally. Result of the comparison shows that highly nonlinear microstructure fiber has the lowest Raman noise photon generation rate among the three types of fibers while correlated photon pair generation rate is the same. Theoretical analysis indicates that the noise performance is determined by the nonlinear index and Raman response of the material in fiber core. The Raman response rises with increasing doping level, while, for the nonlinear index, the impact of doping level is weak. As a result, highly nonlinear microstructure fiber with pure silica core has the best noise performance and great potential in practical sources of correlated photon pairs and heralded single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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19
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Halder M, Fulconis J, Cemlyn B, Clark A, Xiong C, Wadsworth WJ, Rarity JG. Nonclassical 2-photon interference with separate intrinsically narrowband fibre sources. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:4670-4676. [PMID: 19293896 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.004670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a source of photon pairs based on four-wave-mixing in photonic crystal fibres. Careful engineering of the phase matching conditions in the fibres enables us to create photon pairs at 597 nm and 860 nm in an intrinsically factorable state showing no spectral correlations. This allows for heralding one photon in a pure state and hence renders narrow band filtering obsolete. The source is narrow band, bright and achieves an overall detection efficiency of up to 21% per photon. For the first time, a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with unfiltered photons from separate fibre sources is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halder
- Centre for Communications Research, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Queen's Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK.
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Savchenkov AA, Matsko AB, Ilchenko VS, Solomatine I, Seidel D, Maleki L. Tunable optical frequency comb with a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:093902. [PMID: 18851613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.093902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental demonstration of a tunable monolithic optical frequency comb generator. The device is based on four-wave mixing in a crystalline calcium fluoride whispering gallery mode resonator. The frequency spacing of the comb is given by an integer number of the free spectral range of the resonator. We select the desired number by tuning the frequency of the pumping laser with respect to the corresponding resonator mode. We also observe a rich variety of optical combs and high-frequency hyperparametric oscillation, depending on the experimental conditions. A potential application of the comb for generating tunable narrow band frequency microwave signals is demonstrated.
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Lin Q, Yaman F, Agrawal GP. Photon-pair generation by four-wave mixing in optical fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1286-8. [PMID: 16642087 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory to quantify a fundamental limit on correlated photon pairs generated through four-wave mixing inside optical fibers in the presence of spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS). Our theory is able to explain current experimental data. We show that if correlated photon pairs are generated with polarization orthogonal to the pump the effect of SpRS is significantly reduced over a broad spectral region extending from 5 to 15 THz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Lin
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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Fulconis J, Alibart O, Wadsworth W, Russell P, Rarity J. High brightness single mode source of correlated photon pairs using a photonic crystal fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2005; 13:7572-7582. [PMID: 19498783 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.007572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a picosecond source of correlated photon pairs using a micro-structured fibre with zero dispersion around 715 nm wavelength. The fibre is pumped in the normal dispersion regime at ~708 nm and phase matching is satisfied for widely spaced parametric wavelengths. Here we generate up to 10;7 photon pairs per second in the fibre at wavelengths of 587 nm and 897 nm, while on collecting this light in single-mode-fibre-coupled Silicon avalanche diode photon counting detectors, we detect ~3.2x10;5 coincidences per second at pump power 0.5 mW.
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Fan J, Dogariu A, Wang LJ. Generation of correlated photon pairs in a microstructure fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:1530-2. [PMID: 16007797 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a new method of generating correlated photons in a microstructure fiber by means of a reversed degenerate four-wave-mixing process. Here one photon is annihilated from each of the bichromatic pump pulses to generate a pair of photons at the mean frequency. For a microstructure fiber as short as 1.5 m the measured coincidence counting rate is approximately eight times that of the accidental coincidences with a peak pump power of 0.25 W.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fan
- NEC Laboratories America, Inc., 4 Independence Way, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
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Kippenberg TJ, Spillane SM, Vahala KJ. Kerr-nonlinearity optical parametric oscillation in an ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:083904. [PMID: 15447188 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.083904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Kerr-nonlinearity induced optical parametric oscillation in a microcavity is reported for the first time. Geometrical control of toroid microcavities enables a transition from stimulated Raman to optical parametric-oscillation regimes. Optical parametric oscillation is observed at record low threshold levels (174 micro-Watts of launched power) more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than for optical-fiber-based optical parametric oscillation. In addition to their microscopic size (typically tens of microns), these oscillators are wafer based, exhibit high conversion efficiency (36%), and are operating in a highly ideal "two photon" emission regime, with near-unity (0.97+/-0.03) idler-to-signal ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kippenberg
- California Institute of Technology, Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Fujishima D, Kannari F, Takeoka M, Sasaki M. Generation of entanglement between frequency bands by nonlinear fiber propagation and spectral pulse shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2003; 28:275-277. [PMID: 12653370 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel fiber-based scheme for generating quadrature entanglement between a specific pair of frequency bands is proposed. The scheme is based on use of a nonlinear fiber, a spectral pulse shaper, and an adaptive feedback loop. It is numerically predicted that at least -5 dB of the quadrature entanglement will be created by preparation of an appropriate initial phase spectrum. Optimal control of the four-wave mixing terms of the Kerr Hamiltonian is crucial for improvement of the entanglement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujishima
- Deportment of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohoma 223-8522, Japan
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