1
|
Kiener R, Fleischmann M, Schwegler C, Ruzsics Z, Thirion C, Schrödel S, Asbach B, Wagner R. Vaccine vectors based on Adenovirus 19a/64 exhibit broad cellular tropism and potently restimulate HCMV-specific T cell responses ex vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1474. [PMID: 29367743 PMCID: PMC5784015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a major health burden and the development of a vaccine is a global priority. We developed new viral vectors delivering the T cell immunogens IE-1 and pp65 based on Adenovirus 19a/64 (Ad19a/64), a member of subgroup D. In this ex vivo study, the novel vectors were compared side by side to Ad5 or modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) strains expressing the same transgenes. We found that unlike Ad5, Ad19a/64 vectors readily transduce a broad panel of immune cells, including monocytes, T cells, NK cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). Both Ad19a/64- and MVA-transduced moDCs efficiently restimulated IE-1 or pp65-specific T cells but MVA induced a higher amount of cytotoxicity in this cell type. Ad5 and Ad19 induced upregulation of CD86 and HLA-DR in moDCs whereas expression of CD80 and CD83 was largely unaltered. By contrast, MVA transduction led to downregulation of all markers. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Ad19a/64 is a promising vector for the delivery of HCMV immunogens since it transduces dendritic cells with an efficiency that is comparable to MVA, but cytotoxicity and interference with dendritic cell maturation are less pronounced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kiener
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fleischmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Schwegler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Ruzsics
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str 11, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Thirion
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Silke Schrödel
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benedikt Asbach
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany. .,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef- Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morró M, Teichenne J, Jimenez V, Kratzer R, Marletta S, Maggioni L, Mallol C, Ruberte J, Kochanek S, Bosch F, Ayuso E. Pancreatic transduction by helper-dependent adenoviral vectors via intraductal delivery. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 25:824-36. [PMID: 25046147 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic gene transfer could be useful to treat several diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, or pancreatic cancer. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HDAds) are promising tools for gene therapy because of their large cloning capacity, high levels of transgene expression, and long-term persistence in immunocompetent animals. Nevertheless, the ability of HDAds to transduce the pancreas in vivo has not been investigated yet. Here, we have generated HDAds carrying pancreas-specific expression cassettes, that is, driven either by the elastase or insulin promoter, using a novel and convenient plasmid family and homologous recombination in bacteria. These HDAds were delivered to the pancreas of immunocompetent mice via intrapancreatic duct injection. HDAds, encoding a CMV-GFP reporter cassette, were able to transduce acinar and islet cells, but transgene expression was lost 15 days postinjection in correlation with severe lymphocytic infiltration. When HDAds encoding GFP under the control of the specific elastase promoter were used, expression was detected in acinar cells, but similarly, the expression almost disappeared 30 days postinjection and lymphocytic infiltration was also observed. In contrast, long-term transgene expression (>8 months) was achieved with HDAds carrying the insulin promoter and the secretable alkaline phosphatase as the reporter gene. Notably, transduction of the liver, the preferred target for adenovirus, was minimal by this route of delivery. These data indicate that HDAds could be used for pancreatic gene therapy but that selection of the expression cassette is of critical importance to achieve long-term expression of the transgene in this tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Morró
- 1 Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu YH, He JS, Qiao W, Jiao YY, Hua Y, Zhang Y, Peng XL, Hong T. Intranasal immunization with a helper-dependent adenoviral vector expressing the codon-optimized fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus elicits protective immunity in BALB/c mice. Virol J 2013; 10:183. [PMID: 23742026 PMCID: PMC3685604 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a serious pediatric pathogen of the lower respiratory tract. Currently, there is no clinically approved vaccine against RSV infection. Recent studies have shown that helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vectors may represent effective and safe vaccine vectors. However, viral challenge has not been investigated following mucosal vaccination with HDAd vector vaccines. Methods To explore the role played by HDAd as an intranasally administered RSV vaccine vector, we constructed a HDAd vector encoding the codon optimized fusion glycoprotein (Fsyn) of RSV, designated HDAd-Fsyn, and delivered intranasally HDAd-Fsyn to mice. Results RSV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses were generated in BALB/c mice, and serum IgG with neutralizing activity was significantly elevated after a homologous boost with intranasal (i.n.) application of HDAd-Fsyn. Humoral immune responses could be measured even 14 weeks after a single immunization. Immunization with i.n. HDAd-Fsyn led to effective protection against RSV infection on challenge. Conclusion The results indicate that HDAd-Fsyn can induce powerful systemic immunity against subsequent i.n. RSV challenge in a mouse model and is a promising candidate vaccine against RSV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hui Fu
- College of Life Sciences & Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuan Residence, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahn M, Gamble A, Witting SR, Magrisso J, Surendran S, Obici S, Morral N. Vector and helper genome rearrangements occur during production of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2013; 24:1-10. [PMID: 23249343 PMCID: PMC4015077 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HD Ad) hold extreme promise for gene therapy of human diseases. All viral genes are deleted in HD Ad vectors, and therefore, the presence of a helper virus is required for their production. Current methods to minimize helper contamination in large-scale preparations rely on the use of the Cre/loxP system. The inclusion of loxP sites flanking the packaging signal results in its excision in the presence of Cre recombinase, preventing helper genome encapsidation. It is well established that the level of Cre recombinase activity is important in determining the degree of helper contamination. However, there is little information on other mechanisms that could also play an important role. We have generated several HD Ad vectors containing a rapalog-inducible system to regulate transgene expression, or LacZ under the control of the elongation factor 1 α promoter. Large-scale production of these vectors resulted in abundant helper contamination. Viral DNA analysis revealed the presence of rearrangements between vector and helper genomes. The rearrangements involved a helper DNA molecule with a fragment of the left arm of the HD Ad vector, including its ITR, packaging signal, and some stuffer sequence. Overall, our data suggest that helper DNA molecules that accumulate after Cre recombinase activity are prone to rearrangements, resulting in helper genomes that have incorporated a packaging signal from the vector. Helper particles with rearranged genomes have a growth advantage. This study identifies a novel mechanism leading to helper contamination during helper-dependent adenoviral vector production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miwon Ahn
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Aisha Gamble
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Scott R. Witting
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Jack Magrisso
- Obesity Research Center, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Sneha Surendran
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Silvana Obici
- Obesity Research Center, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45237
| | - Núria Morral
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duffy MR, Parker AL, Bradshaw AC, Baker AH. Manipulation of adenovirus interactions with host factors for gene therapy applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:271-88. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine based on the use of adenovirus vectors for therapeutic gene delivery shows broad potential. Specific targeting for many gene therapy applications, such as metastatic cancers or cardiovascular diseases requires intravascular delivery of the vector. However, a major barrier to successful adenovirus vector targeting follows systemic delivery, as upon contact with the bloodstream the virus interacts with a variety of host proteins, in particular coagulation factor X, which mediates profound liver gene transfer. This inherent hepatic tropism combined with macrophage scavenging minimizes the efficacy of the virus at the desired sites and induces toxic side effects. Understanding the complex, multifaceted interactions of adenovirus with host factors is of vital importance to the design of safer vectors with improved efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiles. Increased knowledge of adenovirus biology provides the opportunity to develop innovative strategies to detarget the virus from the liver following intravascular delivery and redirect the vector to disease areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Duffy
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alan L Parker
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Angela C Bradshaw
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rauschhuber C, Noske N, Ehrhardt A. New insights into stability of recombinant adenovirus vector genomes in mammalian cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2011; 91:2-9. [PMID: 21440326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are widely used in basic virology research, therapeutic applications, vaccination studies or simply as a tool for genetic manipulation of eukaryotic cells. Dependent on the application, transient or stable maintenance of the adenoviral genome and transgene expression are required. The newest generation of recombinant adenoviral vectors is represented by high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) which lack all viral coding sequences. HC-AdVs were shown to result in long-term persistence of transgene expression and phenotypic correction in small and large animal models with negligible toxicity. Although there is evidence that adenoviral vectors predominantly persist as episomal DNA molecules with a low integration frequency into the host genome, detailed information about the nuclear fate and the molecular status of the HC-AdV genome once inside the nucleus is lacking. In recent years we have focused on analyzing and modifying the nuclear fate of HC-AdVs after infection of mammalian cells. We have focused on investigating the molecular DNA forms of HC-AdV genomes and we have designed strategies to excise and stably integrate a transgene from an episomal adenovirus vector genome into the host chromosomes by recombinases. This review article provides a state-of-the art overview of the current knowledge of episomal HC-AdV persistence and it discusses strategies for changing the nuclear fate of a transgene inserted into the HC-AdV genome by somatic integration into host chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rauschhuber
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 9a, Munich, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jager L, Hausl MA, Rauschhuber C, Wolf NM, Kay MA, Ehrhardt A. A rapid protocol for construction and production of high-capacity adenoviral vectors. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:547-64. [PMID: 19373227 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) lacking all viral coding sequences were shown to result in long-term transgene expression and phenotypic correction in small and large animal models. It has been established that HC-AdVs show significantly reduced toxicity profiles compared with early-generation adenoviral vectors. Furthermore, with capsid-modified HC-AdV becoming available, we are just starting to understand the full potential of this vector system. However, for many researchers, the wide-scale use of HC-AdV is hampered by labor-intensive and complex production procedures. Herein, we provide a feasible and detailed protocol for efficient generation of HC-AdV. We introduce an efficient cloning strategy for the generation of recombinant HC-AdV vector genomes. Infection and amplification of the HC-AdV are performed in a spinner culture system. For purification, we routinely apply cesium chloride gradients. Finally, we describe various methods for establishing vector titers. Generation of high-titer HC-AdV can be achieved in 3 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Jager
- Department of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Ocular neovascularization, the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye, is a factor shared by the most common blinding diseases in developed countries. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent antiangiogenic and neuroprotective protein that is normally produced in the eye. When delivered via an adenovector, PEDF can block the growth of new blood vessels and trigger the selective regression of abnormal vessels in animal models of ocular disease. Because of the absence of adenoviral genes, high-capacity (HC) adenovectors offer the potential for persistent transgene expression and enhanced tolerability. We have assessed the durability of PEDF expression and the induction of ocular inflammation following delivery of a PEDF-expressing HC adenovector compared to earlier generation vectors. The HC vector mediated prolonged PEDF expression in tissue-cultured pigmented epithelial cells and when delivered by intravitreal injection into the mouse eye. Delivery of first-generation adenovectors resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cytokine/chemokine gene expression, which correlated with the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the eye. In comparison, the levels of inflammatory gene expression and the intraocular infiltrate were substantially reduced following delivery of the HC vector. These results support the development of the HC adenovector gene delivery system for ocular disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hillgenberg M, Hofmann C, Stadler H, Löser P. High-efficiency system for the construction of adenovirus vectors and its application to the generation of representative adenovirus-based cDNA expression libraries. J Virol 2007; 80:5435-50. [PMID: 16699024 PMCID: PMC1472155 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00218-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We here describe a convenient system for the production of recombinant adenovirus vectors and its use for the construction of a representative adenovirus-based cDNA expression library. The system is based on direct site-specific insertion of transgene cassettes into a replicating donor virus. The transgene is inserted into a donor plasmid containing the viral 5' inverted terminal repeat, the complete viral packaging signal, and a single loxP site. The plasmid is then transfected into a Cre recombinase-expressing packaging cell line that has been infected with a donor virus containing a partially deleted packaging signal flanked by loxP sites. Cre recombinase, by two steps of action, sequentially catalyzes the generation of a nonpackageable donor virus acceptor substrate and the generation of the desired recombinant adenovirus vector. Due to its growth impairment, residual donor virus can efficiently be counterselected during amplification of the recombinant adenovirus vector. By using this adenovirus construction system, a plasmid-based human liver cDNA library was converted by a single step into an adenovirus-based cDNA expression library with about 10(6) independent adenovirus clones. The high-titer purified library was shown to contain about 44% of full-length cDNAs with an average insert size of 1.3 kb. cDNAs of a gene expressed at a high level (human alpha(1)-antitrypsin) and a gene expressed at a relatively low level (human coagulation factor IX) in human liver were isolated from the adenovirus-based library using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screening procedure.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shi CX, Graham FL, Hitt MM. A convenient plasmid system for construction of helper-dependent adenoviral vectors and its application for analysis of the breast-cancer-specific mammaglobin promoter. J Gene Med 2006; 8:442-51. [PMID: 16389604 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helper-dependent (HD) adenovirus (Ad) vectors, deleted of all viral coding sequences, have a higher cloning capacity, improved performance of tissue-specific promoters, and reduced toxicity in animals relative to first-generation Ad vectors, making these vectors promising tools for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. However, the large size of HDAd precursor plasmids renders them relatively difficult to manipulate due to the paucity of unique restriction enzyme sites suitable for transgene insertion and to the size constraints imposed by the viral packaging machinery. METHODS We have constructed a series of HDAd precursor plasmids that allows cassette insertion at a unique site in the vector backbone. We have tested whether these vector backbones will support the tissue-specificity of inserted expression cassettes in a study of the activity of the potentially breast-cancer-specific mammaglobin promoter and enhancer. RESULTS We report here the generation of a series of HDAd precursor plasmids, both with and without an additional reporter expression cassette, that were designed to accommodate a wide range in size of inserted DNA. The system was validated for transcriptional targeting studies by demonstrating the tissue-specificity and activity of the mammaglobin promoter rescued using this precursor system. In addition, we have extended our previous studies on the mammaglobin promoter by demonstrating that two copies of the mammaglobin enhancer fused to the minimal promoter surpassed the activity of the single enhancer/promoter by at least 10-fold in breast cancer cells while maintaining only minimal expression in normal cells both in vitro and in a mouse tumor model. CONCLUSIONS This versatile plasmid system simplifies the construction of HDAd vectors and was valuable in demonstrating the targeting potential of the mammaglobin promoter for breast cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xin Shi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gene therapy. NEURODEGENER DIS 2005. [DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511544873.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors possess a number of characteristics that make them attractive gene therapy vectors. These vectors are completely devoid of viral coding sequences and are able to mediate high-efficiency transduction in vivo to direct sustain high-level transgene expression with negligible chronic toxicity. This review focuses on advances in helper-dependent adenoviral vector technology, selected examples of in vivo studies of particular interest, and the issue of vector-mediated acute toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin T, Gu J, Zhang L, Davis JJ, Huang X, Cabbini G, Ji L, Fang B. Enhancing adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vitro and in vivo by addition of protamine and hydrocortisone. J Gene Med 2004; 5:868-875. [PMID: 14533195 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inclusion of positively charged polymers such as protamine in adenovector formulations has been reported to improve the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, corticosteroids are known to inhibit inflammation and thus might be useful in minimizing vector-related toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the combined effect of protamine sulfate and hydrocortisone on the efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Protamine and hydrocortisone at different concentrations were added to adenovector formulations. In vitro transgene expression with or without inclusion of protamine and hydrocortisone was evaluated in the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 and the lung cancer cell lines A549 and H460. In vivo transgene expression in the mouse lung was determined after aerosolized vector delivery. RESULTS The combination of 2 micro g/ml protamine and 125 ng/ml hydrocortisone significantly increased transgene expression in vitro in all the cell lines tested. Protamine is only effective when it is added to cells before or together with adenovectors, whereas hydrocortisone is effective when it is added to cells before, together with, or after adenovectors. Inclusion of protamine and hydrocortisone also augmented apoptosis induction caused by adenovectors expressing proapoptotic genes in cancer cells. Moreover, protamine and hydrocortisone dramatically enhanced transgene expression in the mouse lung after aerosolized vector delivery. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of protamine and hydrocortisone in adenovector formulations can improve adenovector-mediated gene expression and may be useful for clinical applications of current adenovirus-mediated gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Lin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lidong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John J Davis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Program in Virology and Gene Therapy, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giovanni Cabbini
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Ji
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bingliang Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Program in Virology and Gene Therapy, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Löser P, Hofmann C, Both GW, Uckert W, Hillgenberg M. Construction, rescue, and characterization of vectors derived from ovine atadenovirus. J Virol 2003; 77:11941-51. [PMID: 14581531 PMCID: PMC254277 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.22.11941-11951.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer vectors derived from ovine atadenovirus type 7 (OAdV) can efficiently infect a variety of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo to deliver and express transgenes. However, early OAdV vectors were designed on human mastadenovirus principles prior to the complete characterization of OAdV genes and transcripts. The distinctive arrangement of the OAdV genome has suggested ways to improve OAdV vector design and utility. We therefore developed a cosmid-based approach that allows efficient construction of recombinant ovine atadenovirus genomes in which the transgene is inserted at one of three sites. Viruses were rescued by transfection of viral DNA into a new ovine fetal skin fibroblast producer cell line, HVO156. The suitability of the three insertion sites was compared with respect to virus rescue efficiency, gene expression levels, and genetic stability of the vectors. We found that one vector with a transgene inserted at site 1, between the pVIII and fiber genes, was unstable. Only one vector that carried a transgene at site 2, near the right end of the genome, together with a nearby deletion was rescued. In contrast, several vectors with different transgenes inserted in site 3, between the E4 and RH transcription units, were repeatedly rescued, and these vectors were stable over at least four passages. Transgene orientation in site 3 had only little effect on expression. Finally, a vector carrying a human factor IX cDNA at site 3, when administered intravenously, produced nearly physiological levels of human factor IX in mice. The availability of an efficient method for vector construction and the identification of a new insertion site for virus rescue and gene expression substantially enhance the utility of the OAdV vector system.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakhuja K, Reddy PS, Ganesh S, Cantaniag F, Pattison S, Limbach P, Kayda DB, Kadan MJ, Kaleko M, Connelly S. Optimization of the generation and propagation of gutless adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2003; 14:243-54. [PMID: 12639304 DOI: 10.1089/10430340360535797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors devoid of all viral coding regions are referred to by many names, including gutless vectors. Gutless vectors display reduced toxicity and immunogenicity, increased duration of transgene expression, and increased coding capacity compared to early generation vectors, which contain the majority of the viral backbone genes. However, the production of gutless vectors at a scale and purity suitable for clinical use has limited the utility of this technology. In this work we describe the optimization of the production of gutless vectors. We constructed an improved helper virus and generated an alternative gutless vector producer cell line, PERC6-Cre. We demonstrated increased gutless vector yields, minimal helper virus contamination, and no replication-competent adenovirus contamination using the optimized system. Furthermore, the PERC6-Cre cells were adapted to serum-free suspension culture and high-titer gutless vector preparations were produced using bioreactor technology, suggesting the feasibility of gutless vector scale-up for clinical use. Finally, we observed that helper virus lacking a packaging signal could be packaged at a low frequency, revealing an inherent limitation to the differential packaging strategy for gutless vector propagation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sakhuja
- Genetic Therapy, Inc (A Novartis Company), Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Giampaoli S, Nicolaus G, Delmastro P, Cortese R. Adeno-cosmid cloning vectors for regulated gene expression. J Gene Med 2002; 4:490-7. [PMID: 12221642 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovectors are widely used for efficient delivery of genes into a variety of cell types and organisms. However, the construction of the desired vector/genes combination, especially if it involves the cloning of several gene cassettes, can be laborious due to the large size of these vectors. New methods are needed to simplify the construction of complex combinations of gene cassettes into adenovectors. METHODS Using simple cloning techniques and exploiting the lambda-phage packaging system, we devised efficient methods for the 'selection' of the desired vector constructs. Thus we generated a series of cosmids containing the adeno helper dependent (HD) backbone in which we inserted cis- and trans-acting tetracycline (tet) elements for the regulation of any gene of interest. One of these cosmids has been used to produce an HD adenovirus carrying a tetracycline-regulated gene expressing beta-galactosidase. RESULTS We have demonstrated that the adeno-cosmid system allows rapid and efficient cloning of genes of interest in helper dependent vectors, and described a prototype 'ready-to-use' vector in which any gene of interest can be easily expressed under the control of the tet system. The HD viruses produced with this novel methodology can be grown at high titers, can be easily separated from the helper adenovirus, and allow delivery and regulated gene expression in a variety of tissues. CONCLUSIONS Exploiting the lambda-packaging system, complex adeno constructs can be generated with a simple and reproducible protocol, which allows selection of the desired size construct, counterselecting for the frequently observed intramolecular recombinations and deletions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Giampaoli
- IRBM P. Angeletti, via Pontina km 30.600, 00040 Pomezia (Roma), Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ng P, Evelegh C, Cummings D, Graham FL. Cre levels limit packaging signal excision efficiency in the Cre/loxP helper-dependent adenoviral vector system. J Virol 2002; 76:4181-9. [PMID: 11932383 PMCID: PMC155107 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.9.4181-4189.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper-dependent (HD) adenovirus vectors devoid of all viral coding sequences have a large cloning capacity and provide long-term transgene expression in vivo with negligible toxicity, making them attractive vectors for gene therapy. Currently, the most efficient means of producing HD vectors involves coinfecting 293 cells expressing Cre with the HD vector and a helper virus bearing a packaging signal flanked by loxP sites. Cre-mediated packaging signal excision renders the helper virus genome unpackageable but still able to replicate and provide helper functions for HD vector propagation. Typically, helper virus contamination is < or =1% pre- and < or =0.1% postpurification by CsCl banding. While these contamination levels are low, further reduction is desirable. However, this objective has not been realized since the Cre/loxP system was first developed. This lack of progress is due, at least in part, to our lack of understanding of the origins of the contaminating helper virus, thus rendering its reduction or elimination difficult to achieve. This study was designed to investigate the possible sources of contaminating helper virus persisting during HD vector amplification. The results revealed that Cre is limiting in helper virus-infected Cre-expressing 293 cells, thereby permitting helper viruses to escape packaging signal excision and propagate. The results of this study should provide a foundation for developing rational strategies to further reduce or possibly eliminate the contaminating helper virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ng
- Departments of Biology. Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hillgenberg M, Tönnies H, Strauss M. Chromosomal integration pattern of a helper-dependent minimal adenovirus vector with a selectable marker inserted into a 27.4-kilobase genomic stuffer. J Virol 2001; 75:9896-908. [PMID: 11559822 PMCID: PMC114561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.20.9896-9908.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helper-dependent minimal adenovirus vectors are promising tools for gene transfer and therapy because of their high capacity and the absence of immunostimulatory or cytotoxic viral genes. In order to characterize this new vector system with respect to its integrative properties, the integration pattern of a minimal adenovirus vector with a neo(r) gene inserted centrally into a noncoding 27.4-kb genomic stuffer element derived from the human X chromosome after infection of a sex chromosome aneuploid (X0) human glioblastoma cell line was studied. Our results indicate that even extensive homologies and abundant chromosomal repeat elements present in the vector did not lead to integration of the vector via homologous or homology-mediated mechanisms. Instead, integration occurred primarily by insertion of a monomer with no or little loss of sequences at the vector ends, apparently at random sites, which is very similar to E1 deletion adenovirus vectors. It is therefore unlikely that the incorporation of stuffer elements derived from human genomic DNA, which were shown to allow long-term transgene expression in vivo in a number of studies, leads to an enhanced risk of insertional mutagenesis. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the potential of minimal adenovirus vectors as tools for targeted insertion and gene targeting is limited despite the possibility of incorporating long stretches of homologous sequences. However, we found an enhanced efficiency of stable neo(r) transduction of the minimal adenovirus vector compared to an E1 deletion adenovirus vector, possibly caused by the absence of potential growth-inhibitory viral genes. Complete integration of the vector and tolerance of the integrated vector sequences by the cell might indicate a potential use of these vectors as tools for stable transfer of (large) genes.
Collapse
|