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Roy HS, Singh R, Ghosh D. SARS-CoV-2 and tissue damage: current insights and biomaterial-based therapeutic strategies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2804-2824. [PMID: 33666206 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02077j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on humanity has gained worldwide attention and importance due to the rapid transmission, lack of treatment options and high mortality rate of the virus. While scientists across the world are searching for vaccines/drugs that can control the spread of the virus and/or reduce the risks associated with infection, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported to have tissue/organ damage. With most tissues/organs having limited regenerative potential, interventions that prevent further damage or facilitate healing would be helpful. In the past few decades, biomaterials have gained prominence in the field of tissue engineering, in view of their major role in the regenerative process. Here we describe the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on multiple tissues/organs, and provide evidence for the positive role of biomaterials in aiding tissue repair. These findings are further extrapolated to explore their prospects as a therapeutic platform to address the tissue/organ damage that is frequently observed during this viral outbreak. This study suggests that the biomaterial-based approach could be an effective strategy for regenerating tissues/organs damaged by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Rupali Singh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Department of Biological Science, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Habitat Centre, Sector 64, Phase 10, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
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2
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Abalymov A, Parakhonskiy B, Skirtach AG. Polymer- and Hybrid-Based Biomaterials for Interstitial, Connective, Vascular, Nerve, Visceral and Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E620. [PMID: 32182751 PMCID: PMC7182904 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, materials based on polymers and hybrids possessing both organic and inorganic contents for repairing or facilitating cell growth in tissue engineering are discussed. Pure polymer based biomaterials are predominantly used to target soft tissues. Stipulated by possibilities of tuning the composition and concentration of their inorganic content, hybrid materials allow to mimic properties of various types of harder tissues. That leads to the concept of "one-matches-all" referring to materials possessing the same polymeric base, but different inorganic content to enable tissue growth and repair, proliferation of cells, and the formation of the ECM (extra cellular matrix). Furthermore, adding drug delivery carriers to coatings and scaffolds designed with such materials brings additional functionality by encapsulating active molecules, antibacterial agents, and growth factors. We discuss here materials and methods of their assembly from a general perspective together with their applications in various tissue engineering sub-areas: interstitial, connective, vascular, nervous, visceral and musculoskeletal tissues. The overall aims of this review are two-fold: (a) to describe the needs and opportunities in the field of bio-medicine, which should be useful for material scientists, and (b) to present capabilities and resources available in the area of materials, which should be of interest for biologists and medical doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Abalymov
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Agarwal T, Subramanian B, Maiti TK. Liver Tissue Engineering: Challenges and Opportunities. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4167-4182. [PMID: 33417776 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering aims at the possibility of reproducing a fully functional organ for the treatment of acute and chronic liver disorders. Approaches in this field endeavor to replace organ transplantation (gold standard treatment for liver diseases in a clinical setting) with in vitro developed liver tissue constructs. However, the complexity of the liver microarchitecture and functionality along with the limited supply of cellular components of the liver pose numerous challenges. This review provides a comprehensive outlook onto how the physicochemical, mechanobiological, and spatiotemporal aspects of the substrates could be tuned to address current challenges in the field. We also highlight the strategic advancements made in the field so far for the development of artificial liver tissue. We further showcase the currently available prototypes in research and clinical trials, which shows the hope for the future of liver tissue engineering.
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4
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Jiang J, Kojima N, Kinoshita T, Miyajima A, Yan W, Sakai Y. Cultivation of Fetal Liver Cells in a Three-Dimensional Poly-L-Lactic Acid Scaffold in the Presence of Oncostatin M. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of fetal liver cells for liver tissue engineering, the supporting function of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) for fetal liver cells and the effects of oncostatin M (OSM) on hepatic differentiation were studied. After preparing three-dimensional biodegradable PLLA scaffold having a well-developed open-pore structure by a gas-forming method with ammonium chloride particles as a porogen and a gas-forming reagent, fetal liver cells separated from E14.5-C57BL/6CrSlc murine embryos were inoculated in the PLLA scaffolds. Cells were cultured in Williams' E medium with or without OSM (10 ng/ml) for 30 days with a medium change every 2 days. Results showed that there were significant increases in the number of cells and in albumin secretion in PLLA culture compared with in monolayer culture on day 15. In addition, a significant increase in albumin secretion was observed in OSM-added PLLA culture compared with OSM-free culture, and there was only a slightly enhanced albumin secretion in monolayer cultures with OSM. These results suggest that PLLA may enhance the biological activity of OSM for inducing maturation of fetal liver cells. Interestingly, the number of cells in PLLA culture with OSM decreased compared with OSM-free PLLA culture at day 15. This may be because promotion of hepatic development by OSM simultaneously suppressed in vitro hematopoiesis (i.e., blood cell production). In summary, our results indicate that the three-dimensional PLLA scaffold is a good support material for the cultivation of fetal liver cells and that OSM is capable of not only terminating hematopoiesis of the fetal liver but also stimulating the maturation of hepatic parenchymal cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Jiang
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Jilin University, 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kojima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience, University of Tokyo, Bunkyoo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Taisei Kinoshita
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience, University of Tokyo, Bunkyoo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience, University of Tokyo, Bunkyoo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Weiqun Yan
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Jilin University, 8 Xinmin Street, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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5
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Yunus Basha R, Sampath Kumar TS, Doble M. Design of biocomposite materials for bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 57:452-63. [PMID: 26354284 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several synthetic scaffolds are being developed using polymers, ceramics and their composites to overcome the limitations of auto- and allografts. Polymer-ceramic composites appear to be the most promising bone graft substitute since the natural bone itself is a composite of collagen and hydroxyapatite. Ceramics provide strength and osteoconductivity to the scaffold while polymers impart flexibility and resorbability. Natural polymers have an edge over synthetic polymers because of their biocompatibility and biological recognition property. But, very few natural polymer-ceramic composites are available as commercial products, and those few are predominantly based on type I collagen. Disadvantages of using collagen include allergic reactions and pathogen transmission. The commercial products also lack sufficient mechanical properties. This review summarizes the recent developments of biocomposite materials as bone scaffolds to overcome these drawbacks. Their characteristics, in vitro and in vivo performance are discussed with emphasis on their mechanical properties and ways to improve their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiya Yunus Basha
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - T S Sampath Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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6
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You J, Raghunathan VK, Son KJ, Patel D, Haque A, Murphy CJ, Revzin A. Impact of Nanotopography, Heparin Hydrogel Microstructures, and Encapsulated Fibroblasts on Phenotype of Primary Hepatocytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12299-12308. [PMID: 25247391 PMCID: PMC4372509 DOI: 10.1021/am504614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes, the main epithelial cell type in the liver, perform most of the biochemical functions of the liver. Thus, maintenance of a primary hepatocyte phenotype is crucial for investigations of in vitro drug metabolism, toxicity, and development of bioartificial liver constructs. Here, we report the impact of topographic cues alone and in combination with soluble signals provided by encapsulated feeder cells on maintenance of the primary hepatocyte phenotype. Topographic features were 300 nm deep with pitches of either 400, 1400, or 4000 nm. Hepatocyte cell attachment, morphology and function were markedly better on 400 nm pitch patterns compared with larger scale topographies or planar substrates. Interestingly, topographic features having biomimetic size scale dramatically increased cell adhesion whether or not substrates had been precoated with collagen I. Albumin production in primary hepatocytes cultured on 400 nm pitch substrates without collagen I was maintained over 10 days and was considerably higher compared to albumin synthesis on collagen-coated flat substrates. In order to investigate the potential interaction of soluble cytoactive factors supplied by feeder cells with topographic cues in determining cell phenotype, bioactive heparin-containing hydrogel microstructures were molded (100 μm spacing, 100 μm width) over the surface of the topographically patterned substrates. These hydrogel microstructures either carried encapsulated fibroblasts or were free of cells. Hepatocytes cultured on nanopatterned substrates next to fibroblast carrying hydrogel microstructures were significantly more functional than hepatocytes cultured on nanopatterned surfaces without hydrogels or stromal cells significantly elevated albumin expression and cell junction formation compared to cells provided with topographic cues only. The simultaneous presentation of topographic biomechanical cues along with soluble signaling molecules provided by encapsulated fibroblasts cells resulted in optimal functionality of cultured hepatocytes. The provision of both topographic and soluble signaling cues could enhance our ability to create liver surrogates and inform the development of engineered liver constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmok You
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Vijay Krishna Raghunathan
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Dipali Patel
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Amranul Haque
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Biomedical
Engineering, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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7
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Abstract
Liver extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, topography and biomechanical properties influence cell-matrix interactions. The ECM presents guiding cues for hepatocyte phenotype maintenance, differentiation and proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Current understanding of such cell-guiding cues along with advancement of techniques for scaffold fabrication has led to evolution of matrices for liver tissue culture from simple porous scaffolds to more complex 3D matrices with microarchitecture similar to in vivo. Natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials fabricated in different topographies and porous matrices have been used for hepatocyte culture. Heterotypic and homotypic cell interactions are necessary for developing an adult liver as well as an artificial liver. A high oxygen demand of hepatocytes as well as graded oxygen distribution in liver is another challenging attribute of the normal liver architecture that further adds to the complexity of engineered substrate design. A balanced interplay of cell-matrix interactions along with cell-cell interactions and adequate supply of oxygen and nutrient determines the success of an engineered substrate for liver cells. Techniques devised to incorporate these features of hepatic function and mimic liver architecture range from maintaining liver cells in mm-sized tailor-made scaffolds to a more bottoms up approach that starts from building the microscopic subunit of the whole tissue. In this review, we discuss briefly various biomaterials used for liver tissue engineering with respect to design parameters such as scaffold composition and chemistry, biomechanical properties, topography, cell-cell interactions and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Jain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.,Biomedical Engineering Department, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Apeksha Damania
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, UP, India.
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8
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Rapid sciatic nerve regeneration of rats by a surface modified collagen-chitosan scaffold. Injury 2013; 44:941-6. [PMID: 23642627 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the previous study, we attempted to use a collagen-chitosan (CCH) scaffold to mimic the bio-functional peripheral nerve and to bridge sciatic nerve defects in rats. The results demonstrated that it could support and guide the nerve regeneration after three months. In the current study, a type of peptide which carried RGD sequences was connected to the CCH surface by a chemical method. After this process, the microtubule structure of the scaffold was not changed. Then the coated scaffolds were used to repair a 15mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Four weeks after implantation, linear growth of axons in the longitudinal structure was observed, and the number of regenerated axons remarkably increased. Two months later, the scaffold was partly absorbed and replaced by large quantity of regenerated axons. Importantly, the functional examinations also support the morphological results. Compared with the CCH group, all of the achievements revealed the superior function of RGD-CCH in the rapid regeneration of injured sciatic nerve.
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9
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He H, Luedke E, Zhang X, Yu B, Schmitt A, McClarren B, Grignol V, Carson WE, Lee LJ. A naonoporous cell-therapy device with controllable biodegradation for long-term drug release. J Control Release 2012; 165:226-33. [PMID: 23228849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the development and implementation of a nanoporous cell-therapy device with controllable biodegradation. Dopamine-secreting PC12 cells were housed within newly formulated alginate-glutamine degradable polylysine (A-GD-PLL) microcapsules. The A-GD-PLL microcapsules provided a 3-D microenvironment for good spatial cell growth, viability and proliferation. The microcapsules were subsequently placed within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chamber covered with a PEG-grafted PCL nanoporous membrane formed by phase inversion. To enhance PC12 cell growth and to assist in controlled degradation of both the PC12 cells and the device construct, small PCL capsules containing neural growth factor (PCL-NGF) and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) pellet containing glutamine (PLGA-GLN) were also placed within the PCL chamber. Release of NGF from the PCL-NGF capsules facilitated cell proliferation and viability, while the controlled release of GLN from the PLGA-GLN pellet resulted in A-GD-PLL microcapsule degradation and eventual PC12 cell death following a pre-specified period of time (4 weeks in this study). In vivo, our device was found to be well tolerated and we successfully demonstrated the controlled release of dopamine over a period of four weeks. This integrated biodegradable device holds great promise for the future treatment of a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan He
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Li YS, Harn HJ, Hsieh DK, Wen TC, Subeq YM, Sun LY, Lin SZ, Chiou TW. Cells and materials for liver tissue engineering. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:685-700. [PMID: 23127824 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is currently the most efficacious treatment for end-stage liver diseases. However, one main problem with liver transplantation is the limited number of donor organs that are available. Therefore, liver tissue engineering based on cell transplantation that combines materials to mimic the liver is under investigation with the goal of restoring normal liver functions. Tissue engineering aims to mimic the interactions among cells with a scaffold. Particular materials or a matrix serve as a scaffold and provide a three-dimensional environment for cell proliferation and interaction. Moreover, the scaffold plays a role in regulating cell maturation and function via these interactions. In cultures of hepatic lineage cells, regulation of cell proliferation and specific function using biocompatible synthetic, biodegradable bioderived matrices, protein-coated materials, surface-modified nanofibers, and decellularized biomatrix has been demonstrated. Furthermore, beneficial effects of addition of growth factor cocktails to a flow bioreactor or coculture system on cell viability and function have been observed. In addition, a system for growing stem cells, liver progenitor cells, and primary hepatocytes for transplantation into animal models was developed, which produces hepatic lineage cells that are functional and that show long-term proliferation following transplantation. The major limitation of cells proliferated with matrix-based transplantation systems is the high initial cell loss and dysfunction, which may be due to the absence of blood flow and the changes in nutrients. Thus, the development of vascular-like scaffold structures, the formation of functional bile ducts, and the maintenance of complex metabolic functions remain as major problems in hepatic tissue engineering and will need to be addressed to enable further advances toward clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Sheng Li
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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11
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Li Y, Zhang B, Ruan C, Wang P, Sun J, Pan J, Wang Y. Synthesis, characterization, and biocompatibility of a novel biomimetic material based on MGF‐Ct24E modified poly(
D, L
‐lactic acid). J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:3496-502. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Li
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Changshun Ruan
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Pinpin Wang
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jiaoxia Sun
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Research center of Bioinspired Material Science and Engineering, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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12
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Song SH, Lee SJ, Rhee SH. Synthesis of biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-organosiloxane hybrid with carboxylate groups. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:1289-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Jiang X, Yu F, Wang Z, Li J, Tan H, Ding M, Fu Q. Fabrication and Characterization of Waterborne Biodegradable Polyurethanes 3-Dimensional Porous Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:1637-52. [DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12525750021270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Jiang
- a College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Yu
- b College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- c College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiehua Li
- d College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hong Tan
- e College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Ding
- f College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- g College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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14
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Bölgen N, Menceloğlu YZ, Acatay K, Vargel I, Pişkin E. In vitro and in vivo degradation of non-woven materials made of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers prepared by electrospinning under different conditions. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:1537-55. [PMID: 16366336 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774576655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare non-woven materials from a biodegradable polymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) by electrospinning. PCL was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone in bulk using stannous octoate as the catalyst under nitrogen atmosphere. PCL was then processed into non-woven matrices composed of nanofibers by electrospinning of the polymer from its solution using a high voltage power supply. The effects of PCL concentration, composition of the solvent (a mixture of chloroform and DMF with different DMF content), applied voltage and tip-collector distance on fiber diameter and morphology were investigated. The diameter of fibers increased with the increase in the polymer concentration and decrease in the DMF content significantly. Applied voltage and tip-collector distance were found critical to control 'bead' formation. Elongation-at-break, ultimate strength and Young's modulus were obtained from the mechanical tests, which were all increased by increasing fiber diameter. The fiber diameter significantly influenced both in vitro degradation (performed in Ringer solution) and in vivo biodegradation (conducted in rats) rates. In vivo degradation was found to be faster than in vitro. Electrospun membranes were more hydrophobic than PCL solvent-casted ones; therefore, their degradation was a much slower process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bölgen
- Hacettepe University, Chemical Engineering Department and Bioengineering Division and TUBITAK-USAM-Biyomedtek, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Wheeldon I, Farhadi A, Bick AG, Jabbari E, Khademhosseini A. Nanoscale tissue engineering: spatial control over cell-materials interactions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:212001. [PMID: 21451238 PMCID: PMC3155808 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/21/212001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with the surrounding environment by making tens to hundreds of thousands of nanoscale interactions with extracellular signals and features. The goal of nanoscale tissue engineering is to harness these interactions through nanoscale biomaterials engineering in order to study and direct cellular behavior. Here, we review two- and three-dimensional (2- and 3D) nanoscale tissue engineering technologies, and provide a holistic overview of the field. Techniques that can control the average spacing and clustering of cell adhesion ligands are well established and have been highly successful in describing cell adhesion and migration in 2D. Extension of these engineering tools to 3D biomaterials has created many new hydrogel and nanofiber scaffold technologies that are being used to design in vitro experiments with more physiologically relevant conditions. Researchers are beginning to study complex cell functions in 3D. However, there is a need for biomaterials systems that provide fine control over the nanoscale presentation of bioactive ligands in 3D. Additionally, there is a need for 2- and 3D techniques that can control the nanoscale presentation of multiple bioactive ligands and that can control the temporal changes in the cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wheeldon
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arash Farhadi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Nanotechnology Engineering Program, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Alexander G. Bick
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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He H, Grignol V, Karpa V, Yen C, LaPerle K, Zhang X, Jones NB, Liang MI, Lesinski GB, Ho WW, Carson WE, Lee LJ. Use of a nanoporous biodegradable miniature device to regulate cytokine release for cancer treatment. J Control Release 2011; 151:239-45. [PMID: 21362447 PMCID: PMC4076956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical management of locally recurrent or unresectable malignant melanoma continues to pose a significant challenge. These lesions are typically painful and currently available treatments, such as repeated intratumoral injections of interferon-alpha (IFN-α), are costly and inconvenient. Nanotechnology offers promise as a novel means of drug delivery. A capsule-like nanoporous miniature device (NMD) based on a biodegradable polymer, poly(polycaprolactone) (PCL) was developed for controlling the local delivery of immunological agents to the tumor microenvironment. The device consists of a nanoporous release gate, a fabricated drug reservoir loaded with IFN-α and a protective layer. To improve the biocompatibility of the device, a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) monoacrylate was applied to the outside wall of the device via covalent bonding techniques. Microscopic visualization of the nanoporous gate from in vitro experiments exhibited good pore stability over a two-month period. In vitro experiments demonstrated a constant release rate of IFN-α from the NMD and showed that the release rate could be regulated by the gate area. The released IFN-α was biologically functional. Cytokine-containing supernatants from release experiments phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Subcutaneous implantation of the NMDs was well tolerated and associated with an anti-tumor effect in a human xenograft model of melanoma. There was no evidence of a significant inflammatory response to the NMD or encapsulation of the NMD by fibrosis. These experiments show that the NMD can be fabricated and employed in vivo as a versatile drug delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan He
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, OH, United States
- BioLOC LLC, Columbus, OH 43202, United States
| | - Valerie Grignol
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Volodymyr Karpa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Chi Yen
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, OH, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Krista LaPerle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Natalie B. Jones
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Margaret I. Liang
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, OH, United States
| | - Gregory B. Lesinski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - W.S. Winston Ho
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, OH, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - William E. Carson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, OH, United States
| | - L. James Lee
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, OH, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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17
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Wu J, Marí-Buyé N, Muiños TF, Borrós S, Favia P, Semino CE. Nanometric self-assembling peptide layers maintain adult hepatocyte phenotype in sandwich cultures. J Nanobiotechnology 2010; 8:29. [PMID: 21143997 PMCID: PMC3224541 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isolated hepatocytes removed from their microenvironment soon lose their hepatospecific functions when cultured. Normally hepatocytes are commonly maintained under limited culture medium supply as well as scaffold thickness. Thus, the cells are forced into metabolic stress that degenerate liver specific functions. This study aims to improve hepatospecific activity by creating a platform based on classical collagen sandwich cultures. Results The modified sandwich cultures replace collagen with self-assembling peptide, RAD16-I, combined with functional peptide motifs such as the integrin-binding sequence RGD and the laminin receptor binding sequence YIG to create a cell-instructive scaffold. In this work, we show that a plasma-deposited coating can be used to obtain a peptide layer thickness in the nanometric range, which in combination with the incorporation of functional peptide motifs have a positive effect on the expression of adult hepatocyte markers including albumin, CYP3A2 and HNF4-alpha. Conclusions This study demonstrates the capacity of sandwich cultures with modified instructive self-assembling peptides to promote cell-matrix interaction and the importance of thinner scaffold layers to overcome mass transfer problems. We believe that this bioengineered platform improves the existing hepatocyte culture methods to be used for predictive toxicology and eventually for hepatic assist technologies and future artificial organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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19
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Peng H, Ling J, Liu J, Zhu N, Ni X, Shen Z. Controlled enzymatic degradation of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based copolymers in the presence of porcine pancreatic lipase. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Kim HJ, Lee JH, Im GI. Chondrogenesis using mesenchymal stem cells and PCL scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:659-66. [PMID: 19235210 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We tested the in vitro feasibility of porous PCL (poly(epsilon-caprolactone)) as a scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and determined the effects of various surface treatments. Three porous PCL scaffold modifications were examined: (1) PCL/Pluronic F127, (2) PCL/collagen, and (3) PCL/Pluronic F127/collagen, in addition to (4) PCL-only. MSCs (5 x 10(5)) were seeded in PCL scaffolds of pore size 100-150 microm, and after 3 weeks of in vitro culture, MSC-scaffolds were investigated for gross appearance, DNA amount, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, chondrogenic gene expression, and histology. Grossly, the cell-scaffold complexes became harder, and were more easily manipulated with a forceps after 3 weeks of culture. The three surface-treated scaffolds had higher DNA contents than did the PCL-only scaffold, and the GAG contents in PCL/collagen and PCL/F127/collagen scaffolds were higher than those seen in the PCL-only scaffold. Real-time PCR showed that Sox-9 and COL2A1 mRNA levels were remarkably elevated in PCL/collagen and PCL/F127/collagen scaffolds versus the PCL-only scaffold. On the other hand, Col1A1 and Col10A1 mRNA levels were lower in the three modified PCL scaffolds than in the PCL-only scaffold. Histological findings generally concurred with GAG and RT-PCR findings, and demonstrated the affinity of PCL-based scaffolds for MSCs and the potentials of these scaffold to induce chondrogenic differentiation. Cells showed more differentiated appearance and more abundant extracellular matrix formation in PCL/collagen and PCL/collagen/F127 scaffolds. Our findings suggest that PCL-based porous scaffolds may be useful carriers for MSC transplantation in the cartilage tissue engineering field, and that collagen-based surface modifications further enhance the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Joung Kim
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguk University International Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Goyang 410-773, Korea
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21
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Bettinger CJ, Kulig KM, Vacanti JP, Langer R, Borenstein JT. Nanofabricated collagen-inspired synthetic elastomers for primary rat hepatocyte culture. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1321-9. [PMID: 18847357 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic substrates that mimic the properties of extracellular matrix proteins hold significant promise for use in systems designed for tissue engineering applications. In this report, we designed a synthetic polymeric substrate that is intended to mimic chemical, mechanical, and topological characteristics of collagen. We found that elastomeric poly(ester amide) substrates modified with replica-molded nanotopographic features enhanced initial attachment, spreading, and adhesion of primary rat hepatocytes. Further, hepatocytes cultured on nanotopographic substrates also demonstrated reduced albumin secretion and urea synthesis, which is indicative of strongly adherent hepatocytes. These results suggest that these engineered substrates can function as synthetic collagen analogs for in vitro cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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22
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Del Gaudio C, Bianco A, Folin M, Baiguera S, Grigioni M. Structural characterization and cell response evaluation of electrospun PCL membranes: Micrometric versus submicrometric fibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:1028-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Im SG, Bong KW, Lee CH, Doyle PS, Gleason KK. A conformal nano-adhesive via initiated chemical vapor deposition for microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:411-6. [PMID: 19156290 DOI: 10.1039/b812121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel high-strength nano-adhesive is demonstrated for fabricating nano- and microfluidic devices. While the traditional plasma sealing methods are specific for sealing glass to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), the new method is compatible with a wide variety of polymeric and inorganic materials, including flexible substrates. Additionally, the traditional method requires that sealing occur within minutes after the plasma treatment. In contrast, the individual parts treated with the nano-adhesive could be aged for at least three months prior to joining with no measurable deterioration of post-cure adhesive strength. The nano-adhesive is comprised of a complementary pair of polymeric nanolayers. An epoxy-containing polymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) was grown via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) on the substrate containing the channels. A plasma polymerized polyallylamine (PAAm) layer was grown on the opposing flat surface. Both CVD monomers are commercially available. The PGMA nano-adhesive layer displayed conformal coverage over the channels and was firmly tethered to the substrate. Contacting the complementary PGMA and PAAm surfaces, followed by curing at 70 degrees C, resulted in nano- and micro-channel structures. The formation of the covalent tethers between the complementary surfaces produces no gaseous by-products which would need to outgas. The nano-adhesive layers did not flow significantly as a result of curing, allowing the cross-sectional profile of the channel to be maintained. This enabled fabrication of channels with widths as small as 200 nm. Seals able to withstand > 50 psia were fabricated employing many types of substrates, including silicon wafer, glass, quartz, PDMS, polystyrene petri dishes, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Zhu XH, Tabata Y, Wang CH, Tong YW. Delivery of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor from Gelatin Microsphere Scaffold for the Growth of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1939-47. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Chen H, Yuan L, Song W, Wu Z, Li D. Biocompatible polymer materials: Role of protein–surface interactions. Prog Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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26
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Zhang X, He H, Yen C, Ho W, Lee LJ. A biodegradable, immunoprotective, dual nanoporous capsule for cell-based therapies. Biomaterials 2008; 29:4253-9. [PMID: 18694595 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To demonstrate the transplantation of drug-secreting cells with immunoprotection, a biodegradable delivery device combining two nanoporous capsules is developed using secretory alkaline phosphatase gene (SEAP) transfected mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells as a model system. The outer capsule is a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-coated poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) chamber covered with a PEG grafted PCL nanoporous membrane made by phase inversion technique. SEAP gene transfected mES cells encapsulated in alginate-poly-L-lysine (AP) microcapsules are placed in the PCL capsule. Both nanoporous capsules showed good immunoprotection in the IgG solution. In microcapsules, mES cells could form a spheroid embryonic body (EB) and grow close to the microcapsule size. The secreted SEAP from encapsulated mES cells increased gradually to a maximum value before reaching a steady level, following the cell growth pattern in the microcapsule. Without microcapsules, mES cells only formed a monolayer in the large PCL capsule. The secreted SEAP release was very low. The integrated device showed a similar cell growth pattern to that in microcapsules alone, while the SEAP release rate could be regulated by the pore size of the large capsule. This integrated device can achieve multi-functionalities for cell-based therapy, i.e. a 3-D microenvironment provided by microcapsules for cell growth, superior immunoprotection and controllable release performance provided by the two nanoporous membranes, and good fibrosis prevention by PEG surface modification of the large capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulang Zhang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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27
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Shin YM, Kim KS, Lim YM, Nho YC, Shin H. Modulation of spreading, proliferation, and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on gelatin-immobilized poly(L-lactide-co--caprolactone) substrates. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1772-81. [PMID: 18558737 DOI: 10.1021/bm701410g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlled adhesion and continuous growth of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are essential for scaffold-based delivery of hMSCs in tissue engineering applications. The main goal of this study is to develop biofunctionalized synthetic substrates to actively control adhesion, spreading, and proliferation of hMSCs. gamma-Ray irradiation was employed to graft acrylic acid (AAc) to biodegeradable poly(L-lactide-co--caprolactone) (PLCL) films. Gelatin, a natural polymer, was then immobilized on the AAc grafted PLCL film (AAc-PLCL) to induce biomimetic interactions with the cells. The graft yield of AAc increased as the irradiation dose and AAc concentration increased, and the presence of gelatin (gelatin-AAc-PLCL) following immobilization was confirmed using ESCA. To investigate cell responses, hMSCs isolated from a human mandible were cultured on the various substrates and their adhesion, spreading, and proliferation were examined. After three days of culture, the DNA concentration from the cells cultured on gelatin-AAc-PLCL film was 2.9-fold greater than that on the PLCL film. Immunofluorescent staining of hMSCs cultured on the gelatin-AAc-PLCL films demonstrated homogeneous localization of F-Actin and vinculin in their cytoplasm, while mature adhesive structure was not observed from the cells cultured on other substrates. Furthermore, the ratio of projected area of adherent single cells on gelatin-AAc-PLCL films was significantly larger (116.80 +/- 12.78%) than that on the PLCL films (30.11 +/- 5.07%). Our results suggest that gelatin-immobilized PLCL substrates may be potentially used in tissue engineering, particularly as a stem cell delivery carrier for the regeneration of target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Shin
- Department of Bioengineering and Cardiology Division, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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28
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Luo Y, Wang Y, Niu X, Shang J. Evaluation of the cytocompatibility of butanediamine- and RGDS-grafted poly(dl-lactic acid). Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Whitehead MA, Fan D, Mukherjee P, Akkaraju GR, Canham LT, Coffer JL. High-Porosity Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Mesoporous Silicon Scaffolds: Calcium Phosphate Deposition and Biological Response to Bone Precursor Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Zhu XH, Lee LY, Jackson JSH, Tong YW, Wang CH. Characterization of porous poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) sponges fabricated by supercritical CO2 gas-foaming method as a scaffold for three-dimensional growth of Hep3B cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 100:998-1009. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Whitehead MA, Fan D, Mukherjee P, Akkaraju GR, Canham LT, Coffer JL. High-Porosity Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Mesoporous Silicon Scaffolds: Calcium Phosphate Deposition and Biological Response to Bone Precursor Cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:195-206. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.a.2006.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
| | | | | | - Leigh T. Canham
- pSi Medica, Malvern Hills Science Park, Malvern, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery L. Coffer
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas
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32
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Niu X, Luo Y, Li Y, Fu C, Chen J, Wang Y. Design of bioinspired polymeric materials based on poly(D,L-lactic acid) modifications towards improving its cytocompatibility. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 84:908-16. [PMID: 17647223 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To design novel bioinspired polymeric material, poly(D,L-lactic acid) (DL-PLA) was on the base and modified in the bulk. Firstly, maleic anhydride (MA) groups were introduced to the side chain of DL-PLA by the way of melting free radical copolymerization using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Then, to neutralize the acid generated during DL-PLA degradation, aliphatic diamine was immobilized by the N-acylation of anhydrides with butanediamine. As the following stage, adhesive peptides Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) were grafted into the backbone of DL-PLA by using carbodiimide as a coupling agent, in order to endow DL-PLA with bioactivity and biospecificity. The characterizations of the obtained polymers were by the means of GPC-MALLS, FTIR, (13)C NMR and XPS to explore the structures and rhodamine-carboxyl interaction method, ninhydrin reaction and amino acid analyzer to determine the content of MA, butanediamine, and RGDS, respectively, followed the test of pH changes during degradation in distilled water (pH = 6.45). Finally, the osteoblast behavior on different DL-PLA based films was investigated and the results indicated that the introduction of diamine could promote cell attachment and viability, and the incorporation of RGDS further improved its cytocompatibility. The synthetic DL-PLA based bioinspired material may have potentials for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Niu
- Research Center of Bioinspire Material Science and Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zhu XH, Gan SK, Wang CH, Tong YW. Proteins combination on PHBV microsphere scaffold to regulate Hep3B cells activity and functionality: A model of liver tissue engineering system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 83:606-16. [PMID: 17503536 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein combinations on Hep3B cell proliferation and functions are studied herein. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) microspheres were covalently conjugated with three types of proteins, collagen (type I), laminin, and fibronectin, using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide cross linkers. Successful conjugations of protein molecules were verified by the presence of nitrogen peaks in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The densities of grafted proteins were quantified using Micro-BCA kit. A human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, was then cultured in vitro on the ECM proteins-modified microspheres for 2 weeks. Cell proliferation was estimated using MTT method, and two hepatic functions, albumin secretion and P-450 activity, were evaluated using ELISA and EROD assays, respectively. The results indicated that combination of the three ECM proteins on microsphere surfaces has a significant effect on the proliferation of Hep3B cells, thus better mimicking the in vivo environment for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077
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34
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Synthetic sandwich culture of 3D hepatocyte monolayer. Biomaterials 2007; 29:290-301. [PMID: 17964646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sandwich culture of hepatocytes, between double layers of extra-cellular matrix (ECM), is a well-established in vitro model for re-establishing hepatic polarity and maintaining differentiated functions. Applications of the ECM-based sandwich culture are limited by the mass transfer barriers induced by the top gelled ECM layer, complex molecular composition of ECM with batch-to-batch variation and uncontrollable coating of the ECM double layers. We have addressed these limitations of the ECM-based sandwich culture by developing an 'ECM-free' synthetic sandwich culture, which is constructed by sandwiching a 3D hepatocyte monolayer between a glycine-arginine-glycine-aspatic acid-serine (GRGDS)-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) track-etched membrane (top support) and a galactosylated PET film (bottom substratum). The bioactive top support and bottom substratum in the synthetic sandwich culture substituted for the functionalities of the ECM in the ECM-based sandwich culture with further improvement in mass transfer and optimal material properties. The 3D hepatocyte monolayer in the synthetic sandwich culture exhibited a similar process of hepatic polarity formation, better cell-cell interaction and improved differentiated functions over 14-day culture compared to the hepatocytes in collagen sandwich culture. The novel 3D hepatocyte monolayer sandwich culture using bioactive synthetic materials may readily replace the ECM-based sandwich culture for liver tissue engineering applications, such as drug metabolism/toxicity testing and hepatocyte-based bioreactors.
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35
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Huang H, Oizumi S, Kojima N, Niino T, Sakai Y. Avidin–biotin binding-based cell seeding and perfusion culture of liver-derived cells in a porous scaffold with a three-dimensional interconnected flow-channel network. Biomaterials 2007; 28:3815-23. [PMID: 17544499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To engineer implantable liver tissues, we designed a novel scaffold with a three-dimensional (3D) branching and joining flow-channel network comprising multiple tetrahedral units (4-mm edge length). For the fabrication of this network, biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and 80% (w/w) NaCl salt particles serving as porogen were thoroughly mixed and applied in a selective laser sintering (SLS) process, a technique adapted to rapid prototyping. We thus obtained a scaffold that had high (89%) porosity with a pore size of 100-200 microm and 3D flow channels. To evaluate its biocompatibility, human hepatoma Hep G2 cells were seeded into the scaffold using avidin-biotin (AB) binding and cultured in a perfusion system for 9 days. The results demonstrated that such 3D flow channels are essential to the cells' growth and function. In addition, the AB binding-based seeding remarkably improved the overall performance of the cell-loaded scaffolds. The fabrication of a much finer scaffold, having a 500 cm(3) scale, based on the same design and the use of human hepatocyte progenitors, may, in the near future, lead to the development of an implantable liver tissue equivalent for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Huang
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine (CDBIM), Gradate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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36
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Luo Y, Wang Y, Niu X, Fu C, Wang S. Synthesis, characterization and biodegradation of butanediamine-grafted poly(dl-lactic acid). Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Bacakova L, Filova E, Kubies D, Machova L, Proks V, Malinova V, Lisa V, Rypacek F. Adhesion and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in cultures on bioactive RGD peptide-carrying polylactides. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:1317-23. [PMID: 17387596 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) films deposited on glass coverslips was modified with poly(DL-lactide) (PDLLA), or 1:4 mixtures of PDLLA and PDLLA-b-PEO block copolymers, in which either none, 5% or 20% of the copolymer molecules carried a synthetic extracellular matrix-derived ligand for integrin adhesion receptors, the GRGDSG oligopeptide, attached to the end of the PEO chain. The materials, perspective for vascular tissue engineering, were seeded with rat aortic smooth muscle cells (11,000 cells/cm(2)) and the adhesion, spreading, DNA synthesis and proliferation of these cells was followed on inert and bioactive surfaces. In 24-h-old cultures in serum-supplemented media, the number of cells adhering to the PDLLA-b-PEO copolymer was almost eight times lower than that on the control PDLLA surface. On the surfaces containing 5% and 20% GRGDSG-PEO-b-PDLLA copolymer, the number of cells increased 6- and 3-fold respectively, compared to the PDLLA-b-PEO copolymer alone. On PDLLA-b-PEO copolymer alone, the cells were typically round and non-spread, whereas on GRGDSG-modified surfaces the cell spreading areas approached those found on PDLLA, reaching values of 991 microm(2) and 611 microm(2) for 5% and 20% GRGDSG respectively, compared to 958 microm(2) for PDLLA. The cells on GRGDSG-grafted copolymers were able to form vinculin-containing focal adhesion plaques, to synthesize DNA and even proliferate in a serum-free medium, which indicates specific binding to the GRGDSG sequences through their adhesion receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Adhesion/drug effects
- Cell Culture Techniques/methods
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible/administration & dosage
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry
- Male
- Materials Testing
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Polyesters/chemistry
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Surface Properties
- Tissue Engineering/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bacakova
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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38
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Zhu XH, Wang CH, Tong YW. Growing tissue-like constructs with Hep3B/HepG2 liver cells on PHBV microspheres of different sizes. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 82:7-16. [PMID: 17034015 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation technique was used to fabricate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV, 8% PHV), microspheres as scaffold, to guide liver cell growth. Human hepatoma cell lines, HepG2 and Hep3B, were cultured in vitro on both the microspheres and polymer films. SEM and optical microscope images showed that multilayer cells were formed among the microspheres to bridge them together and developed into cell-construct aggregates after 1 week of culture. MTT results showed that the cell proliferation on the microspheres was more than two times higher than that on the films after 12 days of culture. The cells seeded on microspheres secreted albumin 2-4 times more than that on the positive control after 1 week of culture, which indicated that this hepatic function was greatly improved by the aggregation of cells on microspheres. Although HepG2 failed to express P-450 activity, this hepatic function was preserved when Hep3B cultured on microspheres. All the results indicated that PHBV microspheres are appropriate scaffolds for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260
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39
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Chen R, Hunt JA. Biomimetic materials processing for tissue-engineering processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b706765h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Liu Tsang V, Chen AA, Cho LM, Jadin KD, Sah RL, DeLong S, West JL, Bhatia SN. Fabrication of 3D hepatic tissues by additive photopatterning of cellular hydrogels. FASEB J 2006; 21:790-801. [PMID: 17197384 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7117com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated a hepatic tissue construct using a multilayer photopatterning platform for embedding cells in hydrogels of complex architecture. We first explored the potential of established hepatocyte culture models to stabilize isolated hepatocytes for photoencapsulation (e.g., double gel, Matrigel, cocultivation with nonparenchymal cells). Using photopolymerizable PEG hydrogels, we then tailored both the chemistry and architecture of the hydrogels to further support hepatocyte survival and liver-specific function. Specifically, we incorporated adhesive peptides to ligate key integrins on these adhesion-dependent cells. To identify the appropriate peptides for incorporation, the integrin expression of cultured hepatocytes was monitored by flow cytometry and their functional role in cell adhesion was assessed on full-length extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and their adhesive peptide domains. In addition, we modified the hydrogel architecture to minimize barriers to nutrient transport for these highly metabolic cells. Viability of encapsulated cells was improved in photopatterned hydrogels with structural features of 500 microm in width over unpatterned, bulk hydrogels. Based on these findings, we fabricated a multilayer photopatterned PEG hydrogel structure containing the adhesive RGD peptide sequence to ligate the alpha5beta1 integrin of cocultured hepatocytes. Three-dimensional photopatterned constructs were visualized by digital volumetric imaging and cultured in a continuous flow bioreactor for 12 d where they performed favorably in comparison to unpatterned, unperfused constructs. These studies will have impact in the field of liver biology as well as provide enabling tools for tissue engineering of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Liu Tsang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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41
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Zhao JH, Wang J, Tu M, Luo BH, Zhou CR. Improving the cell affinity of a poly(D,L-lactide) film modified by grafting collagen via a plasma technique. Biomed Mater 2006; 1:247-52. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/1/4/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Du Y, Chia SM, Han R, Chang S, Tang H, Yu H. 3D hepatocyte monolayer on hybrid RGD/galactose substratum. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5669-80. [PMID: 16904177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte-based applications such as xenobiotics metabolism and toxicity studies usually require hepatocytes anchoring onto flat substrata that support their functional maintenance. Conventional cell culture plates coated with natural matrices or synthetic ligands allow hepatocytes to adhere tightly as two-dimensional (2D) monolayer but these tightly anchored hepatocytes rapidly lose their differentiated functions. On galactosylated substrata, hepatocytes adhere loosely; and readily form three-dimensional (3D) spheroids that can maintain high levels of cellular functions. These spheroids detach easily from the substrata and exhibit poor mass transport properties unsuitable for many applications. Here, we have developed a hybrid RGD/galactose substratum based on polyethylene terephthalate film conjugated with both RGD peptide and galactose ligand to enhance cell adhesion and functions synergistically. Primary hepatocytes adhere effectively onto the transparent hybrid substratum in 96-well plates as monolayer while exhibiting high levels of liver-specific functions, morphology and cell-cell interactions typically seen in the 3D hepatocyte spheroids. The hepatocytes cultured onto the hybrid substratum also exhibit high levels of sensitivity to a model drug acetaminophen similar to the 3D hepatocyte spheroids. The monolayer of hepatocytes exhibiting the 3D cell behaviors on this flat hybrid substratum can be useful for various applications requiring both effective mass transfer and cellular support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Du
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos #04-01, Singapore 138669, Singapore
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43
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Yu G, Ji J, Shen J. Synthesis and characterization of cholesterol-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactic acid) copolymers for promoting osteoblast attachment and proliferation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2006; 17:899-909. [PMID: 16977387 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-006-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel cholesterol-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactic acid) copolymer (CPEG-PLA) has been synthesized as a potential surface additive for promoting osteoblast attachment and proliferation. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) results indicated the product had expected structure with low polydispersities in the range of 1.1-1.5. By blending the poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) with CPEG-PLA, the surface of modified PLA membrane was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle. The results revealed the enrichment of PEG chain on the surface. Osteoblast cell line (MC3T3) was chosen to test the cell behavior on modified PLA membranes. The osteoblast test about cell attachment, proliferation, cell viability and cell morphology investigation on CPEG-PLA modified PLA substrates showed the CPEG-PLA with 15 and 5 ethylene glycol units promoted osteoblast attachment and growth, while the CPEG-PLA with 30 ethylene glycol units prevent osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. This simple surface treatment method may have potentials for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Yu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
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Ho MH, Hou LT, Tu CY, Hsieh HJ, Lai JY, Chen WJ, Wang DM. Promotion of cell affinity of porous PLLA scaffolds by immobilization of RGD peptides via plasma treatment. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:90-8. [PMID: 16374775 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200500130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) was immobilized on PLLA scaffolds with plasma treatment. The amount of immobilization, determined by HPLC, was confirmed to be in the effective order. Results from the culture of rat osteosarcoma (ROS), osteoblastic-like cells, demonstrate that the immobilization of RGDS could effectively enhance the attachment of ROS cells on PLLA and increase the cell density in PLLA scaffolds. In addition, experiments of in vitro mineralization indicate that there were more cells and mineralization focci in the RGDS-immobilized scaffolds, suggesting a tendency to form bone-like tissues, compared with the unmodified PLLA scaffold. On the other hand, the PLLA scaffolds immobilized with RGES (Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser) were much less effective in promotion of ROS attachment, suggesting that the enhancement on cell attachment was mainly due to the recognition of RGDS by the adhesion receptors on the cell membrane. The results presented in this work demonstrate that RGDS could be successfully immobilized on PLLA scaffolds with plasma treatment and such modification can make PLLA scaffolds more suitable for culture of osteoblast-like cells and for generation of bone-like tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Lu HF, Lim WS, Zhang PC, Chia SM, Yu H, Mao HQ, Leong KW. Galactosylated poly(vinylidene difluoride) hollow fiber bioreactor for hepatocyte culture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 11:1667-77. [PMID: 16411812 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of long-term expression of highly differentiated hepatocyte functions, we have developed a novel bioreactor in which hepatocytes are seeded in a ligand-immobilized hollow fiber cartridge. Galactosylated Pluronic polymer is immobilized on poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber surface through an adsorption scheme yielding a substrate with hepatocyte-specific ligand and a hydrophilic surface layer, which can resist nonspecific protein adsorption and facilitate cell binding to the galactose ligand. Interestingly, the galactosylated PVDF hollow fiber shows enhanced serum albumin diffusion across the membrane. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were seeded and cultured in the extralumenal space of the hollow fiber cartridge for 18 days in a continuously circulated system. Albumin secretion function of the seeded hepatocytes was monitored by analyzing circulating medium by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urea synthesis and P-450 function (7-ethoxycoumarin dealkylase activity) were measured periodically by doping the circulating medium with NH4Cl and 7-ethoxycoumarin, respectively. Hepatocytes cultured on galactosylated PVDF hollow fibers maintained better albumin secretion and P-450 functions than on unmodified and serum-coated PVDF hollow fibers when cultured in serum-containing medium. Morphological examination by scanning electron microscopy showed that hepatocytes cultured on galactosylated PVDF hollow fibers developed significant aggregation, in contrast to those cultured on unmodified PVDF fibers or on serum-coated PVDF fibers. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that tight junctions and canaliculus-like structures formed in these aggregates. These results suggest the potential application of this galactosylated PVDF hollow fiber cartridge for the design of a bioartificial liver assist device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fang Lu
- Tissue and Therapeutic Engineering Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins in Singapore, Singapore
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46
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Ogiwara K, Nagaoka M, Cho CS, Akaike T. Effect of photo-immobilization of epidermal growth factor on the cellular behaviors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:255-9. [PMID: 16678132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We constructed photo-reactive epidermal growth factor (EGF) bearing p-azido phenylalanine at the C-terminal (HEGFP) by genetic engineering to investigate the possibility of immobilized EGF as a novel artificial extracellular matrix (ECM). The constructed recombinant protein was immobilized to glass surface by ultraviolet irradiation. A431 cells adhered both to HEGFP-immobilized and collagen-coated surfaces. Interaction between immobilized HEGFP and EGF receptors in the A431 cells was independent of Mg(2+) although integrin-mediated cell adhesion to natural ECMs is dependent on Mg(2+). Phosphorylation of EGF receptors in A431 cells was induced by immobilized HEGFP as same as soluble EGF. DNA uptake of hepatocytes decreased by immobilized HEGFP whereas it increased by soluble EGF. Liver-specific functions of hepatocytes were maintained for 3 days by immobilized HEGFP whereas they were not maintained by soluble EGF, indicating that immobilized HEGFP follows different signal transduction pathway from soluble EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ogiwara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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47
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Chen JP, Chiang YP. Surface modification of non-woven fabric by DC pulsed plasma treatment and graft polymerization with acrylic acid. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Qu XH, Wu Q, Liang J, Qu X, Wang SG, Chen GQ. Enhanced vascular-related cellular affinity on surface modified copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (PHBHHx). Biomaterials 2005; 26:6991-7001. [PMID: 15998539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Random copolyester of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate, short as PHBHHx, was surface modified by ammonia plasma treatment and/or fibronectin coating, respectively. The improved results were demonstrated by better growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rabbit aorta smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on the surface of ammonia plasma-treated PHBHHx coated with fibronectin (PFn-PHBHHx), compared with the fibronectin-coated (Fn-PHBHHx) or uncoated PHBHHx, respectively, although XPS analysis and ELISA demonstrated higher fibronectin adsorption on Fn-PHBHHx than on PFn-PHBHHx. Confocal microscopy observation showed that the specific co-localization of fibronectin with F-actin was impaired on PFn-PHBHHx, while it was almost lost on Fn-PHBHHx compared with pristine PHBHHx or plasma-treated PHBHHx (P-PHBHHx). These were attributed to the generation of new nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups on the PHBHHx surface by the ammonia plasma treatment, which led to increased polar components that enhanced polymer surface energy and hydrophilic properties on P-PHBHHx. The most prominent effect of PFn-PHBHHx was its stimulation of HUVECs proliferation. HUVECs on PFn-PHBHHx formed a confluent monolayer after 3 days of incubation, while SMCs were unable to form a sub-confluent layer. The above evidences revealed that PFn-PHBHHx would benefit endotheliazation rather than SMCs proliferation. We therefore believed that PFn-PHBHHx would be a promising material as a luminal surface of vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Qu
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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49
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Heng BC, Yu H, Yin Y, Lim SG, Cao T. Factors influencing stem cell differentiation into the hepatic lineage in vitro. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 20:975-87. [PMID: 15955203 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A major area of research in transplantation medicine is the potential application of stem cells in liver regeneration. This would require well-defined and efficient protocols for directing the differentiation of stem cells into the hepatic lineage, followed by their selective purification and proliferation in vitro. The development of such protocols would reduce the likelihood of spontaneous differentiation of stem cells into divergent lineages upon transplantation, as well as reduce the risk of teratoma formation in the case of embryonic stem cells. Additionally, such protocols could provide useful in vitro models for studying hepatogenesis and liver metabolism. The development of pharmokinetic and cytotoxicity/genotoxicity screening tests for newly developed biomaterials and drugs, could also utilize protocols developed for the hepatic differentiation of stem cells. Hence, this review critically examines the various strategies that could be employed to direct the differentiation of stem cells into the hepatic lineage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Chin Heng
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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50
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Abstract
Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) attributes to rising medical cost and accounts for many deaths each year in the United States. Currently, the only solution is organ transplantation. Due to increasing donor organ shortage, many in need of transplantation continue to remain on the waiting list. Liver Assist Devices (LADs) are being used to temporarily sustain liver function and bridge the period between FHF and transplantation. Hepatic Tissue Engineering is a step toward alleviating the need for donor organs; yet many challenges must be overcome including scaffold choice, cell source and immunological barriers. Bioreactors have aided in hepatocyte survival and have proven to sustain viable cells for several weeks. Achieving the necessary functions required for hepatic replacement is aided by the incorporation of growth factors and mitogens many that now can be bound to the polymer scaffold and released in a timely manner. Utilizing concepts such as MicroElectroMechanical systems (MEMs) technology, our laboratory is able to mimic the natural vasculature of the liver and sustain functional and viable hepatocytes. Expanding and improving upon this platform technology, advancements made will continue toward the development of a fully functioning and implantable liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kulig
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren 11, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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