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Siak PY, Heng WS, Teoh SSH, Lwin YY, Cheah SC. Precision medicine in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: comprehensive review of past, present, and future prospect. J Transl Med 2023; 21:786. [PMID: 37932756 PMCID: PMC10629096 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive malignancy with high propensity for lymphatic spread and distant metastasis. It is prominent as an endemic malignancy in Southern China and Southeast Asia regions. Studies on NPC pathogenesis mechanism in the past decades such as through Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infection and oncogenic molecular aberrations have explored several potential targets for therapy and diagnosis. The EBV infection introduces oncoviral proteins that consequently hyperactivate many promitotic pathways and block cell-death inducers. EBV infection is so prevalent in NPC patients such that EBV serological tests were used to diagnose and screen NPC patients. On the other hand, as the downstream effectors of oncogenic mechanisms, the promitotic pathways can potentially be exploited therapeutically. With the apparent heterogeneity and distinct molecular aberrations of NPC tumor, the focus has turned into a more personalized treatment in NPC. Herein in this comprehensive review, we depict the current status of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in NPC. Subsequently, based on the limitations on those aspects, we look at their potential improvements in moving towards the path of precision medicine. The importance of recent advances on the key molecular aberration involved in pathogenesis of NPC for precision medicine progression has also been reported in the present review. Besides, the challenge and future outlook of NPC management will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yan Siak
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Sharon Siew Hoon Teoh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yu Yu Lwin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Bandar Springhill, 71010, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Zhou J, Song G, Su M, Zhang H, Yang T, Song Z. Long noncoding RNA CASC9 promotes pancreatic cancer progression by acting as a ceRNA of miR-497-5p to upregulate expression of CCND1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1251-1264. [PMID: 36947456 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. Accumulating studies have showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a crucial regulator in various tumorigenesis and progression including PC. This research aims to explore the roles and molecular mechanism of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in PC. METHODS The expression levels of lncRNA CASC9 and miR-497-5p were evaluated in PC tissues and paired adjacent healthy tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. PC cell lines were transfected with lentivirus targeting lncRNA CASC9, and cells proliferation, migration and invasion tests were conducted. Dual luciferase reporter assays were also carried out to explore the relationship between lncRNA CASC9, miR-497-5p and Cyclin D1 (CCND1). RESULTS LncRNA CASC9 was significantly up-regulated in PC tissues, while miR-497-5p expression was down-regulated. Down-regulation of lncRNA CASC9 in PC cells can significantly suppress the cell aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo; moreover, knock-down of miR-497-5p could neutralize this impact. Additionally, the luciferase activity assay has assured that CCND1 was a downstream target of miR-497-5p. CONCLUSION LncRNA CASC9 can promote the PC progression by modulating miR-497-5p/CCND1 axis, which is potential target for PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guodong Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingqi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingsong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenshun Song
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu G, Wang H, Zhuang Y, Lin Q, Li Y, Cai Z, Lin G, Liu W. Identification of a ceRNA Network Driven by Copy Number Variations in Esophageal Cancer. J NIPPON MED SCH 2023; 90:426-438. [PMID: 38246614 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2023_90-611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copy number variation (CNV) is associated with progression of esophageal cancer (EC), a common gastrointestinal neoplasm. METHODS Using sequencing data, CNV data, and clinical data of EC transcriptome samples obtained from public databases, we performed differential expression analysis on sequencing data. Differentially expressed CNV-driven lncRNAs were screened using the chi-square test, and CNV-driven lncRNA-associated miRNAs and mRNAs were predicted. Cytoscape software was then used to construct ceRNA networks. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to investigate biological functions of mRNAs in the ceRNA network. Survival curves were plotted to explore correlations between lncRNAs in the ceRNA network and overall survival of CNV patients. Multiple databases were used to predict lncRNAs-related drugs. RESULTS A dysregulated lncRNA-associated ceRNA network driven by CNV in EC, including 11 lncRNAs, 11 miRNAs and 159 mRNAs, was constructed. Downstream enrichment of mRNAs was related to biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization, indicating that these mRNAs mainly participate in intercellular exchange between tumor cells. Additionally, expression of all lncRNAs in the ceRNA network, except LINC00950, LINC01270 and MIR181A1HG, was correlated with patients' CNV. In addition, none of the 11 lncRNAs was significantly correlated with overall survival of CNV patients. CH5424802 and PD-033299CNV mainly affected the RTK signaling pathway and the cell cycle of tumor cells via RP11-180N14.1 and RP11-273 G15.2 in the ceRNA network. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 11 CNV-driven lncRNAs that might affect EC development, 2 of which have promising effects if applied to drug treatment. These findings might assist in identifying novel treatments for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Xu
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Huaishuai Wang
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Yixiang Zhuang
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Qiyi Lin
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Yinlin Li
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Zhicong Cai
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Gaofeng Lin
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
| | - Weibo Liu
- Depertment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital
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Wu W, Wen K. Research progress on the interaction between long non‑coding RNAs and RNA‑binding proteins to influence the reprogramming of tumor glucose metabolism (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 48:153. [PMID: 35856447 PMCID: PMC9350995 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As epigenetic regulators, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various important regulatory processes and typically interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to exert their core functional effects. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs can regulate the occurrence and development of cancer through a variety of complex mechanisms and can also participate in tumor glucose metabolism by directly or indirectly regulating the Warburg effect. As one of the metabolic characteristics of tumor cells, the Warburg effect provides a large amount of energy and numerous intermediate products to meet the consumption demands of tumor metabolism, providing advantages for the occurrence and development of tumors. The present review article summarizes the regulatory effects of lncRNAs on the reprogramming of glucose metabolism after interacting with RBPs in tumors. The findings discussed herein may aid in the better understanding of the pathogenesis of malignancies, and may provide novel therapeutic targets, as well as new diagnostic and prognostic markers for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Kunming Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
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Lei Y, Luo W, Gong Q, Luo L, Jing W. Long Non-Coding RNA Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 Regulates the Malignant Biological Behavior of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells by Targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:807052. [PMID: 35419295 PMCID: PMC8995468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.807052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a major kind of head and neck epithelial carcinoma. Increasing evidences reveal that long noncoding RNAs are considered as vital regulators in tumorigenesis and progression. Although previous studies have found that cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) highly expresses in NPC, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied. In this study, we found that CASC9 was overexpressed and associated with worse prognosis in NPC. CASC9 knockdown significantly inhibited the cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and enhanced the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Mechanism research confirmed CASC9 regulated the malignant biological behavior of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by targeting miR-497-5p/Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. The present study might provide a novel mechanism for tumorigenesis and progression of NPC and contribute to the development of an effective molecular target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyue Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuyang Jing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Peng PH, Hsu KW, Chieh-Yu Lai J, Wu KJ. The role of hypoxia-induced long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Biomed J 2021; 44:521-533. [PMID: 34654684 PMCID: PMC8640553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with length greater than 200 nt. The biological roles and mechanisms mediated by lncRNAs have been extensively investigated. Hypoxia is a proven microenvironmental factor that promotes solid tumor metastasis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the major mechanisms induced by hypoxia to contribute to metastasis. Many lncRNAs have been shown to be induced by hypoxia and their roles have been delineated. In this review, we focus on the hypoxia-inducible lncRNAs that interact with protein/protein complex and chromatin/epigenetic factors, and the mechanisms that contribute to metastasis. The role of a recently discovered lncRNA RP11-390F4.3 in hypoxia-induced EMT is discussed. Whole genome approaches to delineating the association between lncRNAs and histone modifications are discussed. Other topics related to hypoxia-induced tumor progression but require further investigation are also mentioned. The clinical significance and treatment strategy targeted against lncRNAs are discussed. The review aims to identify suitable lncRNA targets that may provide feasible therapeutic venues for hypoxia-involved cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hua Peng
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kou-Juey Wu
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Zheng X, Fan H, Liu Y, Wei Z, Li X, Wang A, Chen W, Lu Y. Hypoxia boosts aerobic glycolysis of carcinoma:a complex process for tumor development. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:487-501. [PMID: 34382521 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666210811145752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a common feature in malignant tumors, is mainly caused by insufficient oxygen supply. Hypoxia is closely related to cancer development, affecting cancer invasion and metastasis, energy metabolism and other pathological processes, and is not conducive to cancer treatment and prognosis. Tumor cells exacerbate metabolic abnormalities to adapt to the hypoxic microenvironment, especially to enhance aerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis leads to an acidic microenvironment in cancer tissues, enhancing cancer metastasis, deterioration and drug resistance. Therefore, hypoxia is a therapeutic target that cannot be ignored in cancer treatment. The adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia is mainly regulated by hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), and the stability of HIFs is improved under hypoxic conditions. HIFs can promote the glycolysis of tumors by regulating glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and participates in regulating the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle. In addition, HIFs indirectly affect glycolysis through its interaction with non-coding RNAs. Therefore, targeting hypoxia and HIFs are important tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Hui Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Zhonghong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023. China
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Zhao J, Li B, Ren Y, Liang T, Wang J, Zhai S, Zhang X, Zhou P, Zhang X, Pan Y, Gao F, Zhang S, Li L, Yang Y, Deng X, Li X, Chen L, Yang D, Zheng Y. Histone demethylase KDM4A plays an oncogenic role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by promoting cell migration and invasion. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1207-1217. [PMID: 34385569 PMCID: PMC8417295 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has indicated the vital role of lysine-specific demethylase 4 A (KDM4A), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether KDM4A affects NPC progression by regulating the HIF1α/DDIT4/mTOR signaling pathway. First, NPC and adjacent tissue samples were collected, and KDM4A protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Then, the interactions among KDM4A, HIF1α and DDIT4 were assessed. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were used to alter KDM4A, HIF1α and DDIT4 expression in NPC cells. The mechanism of KDM4A in NPC was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro via RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, MTT assay, Transwell assay, flow cytometry and tumor formation experiments. KDM4A, HIF1α, and DDIT4 were highly expressed in NPC tissues and cells. Mechanistically, KDM4A inhibited the enrichment of histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) in the HIF1α promoter region and thus inhibited the methylation of HIF1α to promote HIF1α expression, thus upregulating DDIT4 and activating the mTOR signaling pathway. Overexpression of KDM4A, HIF1α, or DDIT4 or activation of the mTOR signaling pathway promoted SUNE1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but inhibited apoptosis. KDM4A silencing blocked the mTOR signaling pathway by inhibiting the HIF1α/DDIT4 axis to inhibit the growth of SUNE1 cells in vivo. Collectively, KDM4A silencing could inhibit NPC progression by blocking the activation of the HIF1α/DDIT4/mTOR signaling pathway by increasing H3K9me3, highlighting a promising therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhao
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yongxia Ren
- Radiotherapy Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China
| | - Tiansong Liang
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Wang
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Suna Zhai
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangxian Zhang
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Sulan Zhang
- Institute of Radiation Therapy and Tumor Critical Care of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Liming Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiotherapy, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaole Li
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Linhui Chen
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Daoke Yang
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Yingjuan Zheng
- Radiotherapy Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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Qi Y, Song C, Zhang J, Guo C, Yuan C. Oncogenic LncRNA CASC9 in Cancer Progression. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:575-582. [PMID: 32940174 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200917150130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), with the length of over 200 nucleotides, that originate from intergenic, antisense, or promoter-proximal regions, are a large family of RNAs that lack coding capacity. Emerging evidences illustrated that LncRNAs played significant roles in a variety of cellular functions and biological processes in profuse human diseases, especially in cancers. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9), as a member of the LncRNAs group, firstly found its oncogenic function in esophageal cancer. In the following recent studies, a growing amount of human malignancies are verified to be correlated with CASC9, most of which are derived from the squamous epithelium tissue. This present review attempts to highlight the latest insights into the expression, functional roles, and molecular mechanisms of CASC9 in different human malignancies. METHODS In this review, the latest findings related to the pathophysiological processes of CASC9 in human cancers were summarized and analyzed, and the associated studies collected in systematic retrieval of PubMed used lncRNA and CASA9 as keywords. RESULTS CASC9 expression is identified to be aberrantly elevated in a variety of malignancies. The over-expression of CASC9 has been suggested to accelerate cell proliferation, migration, cell growth and drug resistance of cancer cells, while depressing cell apoptosis, revealing its role as an oncogene. Moreover, the current review demonstrated CASC9 as closely related to the neoplastic transformation of squamous epithelial cells and squamous metaplasia in non-squamous epithelial tissues. Finally, we discuss the limitations and tremendous diagnostic/ therapeutic potential of CASC9 in various human cancers. CONCLUSION Long non-coding RNA CASC9 likely serve as useful disease biomarkers or therapeutic targets which be effectively applied in the treatment of different kinds of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Qi
- China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chaoying Song
- China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chong Guo
- China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- China Three Gorges University, School of Medicine, Yichang, 443002, China
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Li C, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Li B. Long non-coding RNA CASC9 promotes the progression and development of gastric cancer via regulating miR-370/EGFR axis. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:509-516. [PMID: 33478874 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.12.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
lncRNA cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) is a pivotal modulator in various cancers, such as colorectal cancer, breast cancer and esophageal cancer. However, its exact role in gastric cancer (GC) has not been systematically studied. Here, using a combination of molecular and cell biology approaches, we found that CASC9 also acts as a factor promoting the progression of GC. First, mRNA and protein expression levels were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Second, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to compare the cell growth abilities when CASC9 was knocked down. Third, the proliferative cells were determined by labeling Edu and the regulatory effect of CASC9 on miR-370 was detected by RNA-protein pull-down and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, in vivo mice model was established to verify the role of CASC9 in promoting GC progression. Our results showed that CASC9 was up-regulated significantly in both GC tissues and cell lines. Conversely, CASC9 knockdown inhibited GC growth in vitro. Further analysis indicated that CASC9 directly targeted miR-370 and negatively regulated miR-370 expression in GC. Besides, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-370. Taken together our results support a model in which CASC9 promotes GC progression through miR-370/EGFR/ERK/AKT pathway. Finally, in vivo CASC9 knockdown resulted in impaired GC growth. In sum, this study firstly demonstrates that lncRNA CASC9 acts as an oncogene through altering EGFR expression level via negatively regulating miR-370 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, NO.126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China.
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Tian X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wu S. miR-144 delivered by nasopharyngeal carcinoma-derived EVs stimulates angiogenesis through the FBXW7/HIF-1α/VEGF-A axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:1000-1011. [PMID: 34094717 PMCID: PMC8143977 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in angiogenesis during nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC biopsy specimens were initially collected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured with EVs isolated from NPC cells, after which their migration, invasion, as well as vessel-like tube formation were evaluated by Transwell chamber systems and Matrigel-based angiogenesis assays. The pro-angiogenic activities of EVs as well as the candidate microRNA (miRNA or miR) were examined using an in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis model. The results indicated that the levels of miR-144 in the NPC tissues were upregulated when compared to the nasopharyngeal normal tissues in addition to the identification of a positive correlation with the expression of CD31. Moreover, our data indicated that miR-144 was highly enriched in EVs from NPC cells and then ultimately enhanced the migration and invasion of HUVECs and vessel-like tubes in vitro and in vivo. Notably, miR-144 was identified as a mediator in NPC-EV-induced regulatory effects through the inhibition of the target gene FBXW7 and promotion of the transcriptional factor HIF-1α-dependent vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A). Taken together, the key findings of the current study highlighted the role of miR-144 as an extracellular pro-angiogenic mediator in NPC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
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12
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Akbari Dilmaghani N, Khoshsirat S, Shanaki-Bavarsad M, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. The contributory role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in head and neck cancers: Possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets? Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174053. [PMID: 33766619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Along with the developments in techniques for genome study, our understanding of its sequences has completely changed. The non-coding sequences of the human genome are no longer considered as "junk" but are rather known to be the source of high-functioning molecules. Some of the most fascinating transcripts in this regard are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) ___RNA molecules that exceed 200 nucleotides and are not transcribed from protein-coding regions of the genome. These transcripts are capable of gene regulation by various mechanisms, from epigenetic changes and chromosomal arrangements to post-transcription modulation of messenger RNAs. Furthermore, lncRNAs interact with other non-coding transcripts such as microRNAs that further affects gene expression. Considering the fact that cancer is a disease of deregulated expression, recent studies have identified lncRNAs acting as either oncogene or tumor suppressor in a wide range of human malignancies. Head and neck cancer (HNC), with a high incidence rate and unfavorable survival, is no exception in this matter and many investigations have introduced lncRNAs involved in its tumor progression and drug response, as well as those acting as promising diagnostic or prognostic markers. The present study reviews the vital regulatory roles of lncRNAs and further introduces their role in progression of HNC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Akbari Dilmaghani
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Khoshsirat
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahsa Shanaki-Bavarsad
- Institute of Neuroscience. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in the metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages. Immunol Lett 2021; 232:27-34. [PMID: 33577913 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most common immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and tumor-associated macrophages play an important role in cancer development. Metabolic reprogramming is important for the functional plasticity of macrophages. Studies investigating the relevance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in human cancer found that ncRNAs can regulate the metabolism of cancer cells and tumor-associated macrophages. NcRNAs include short ncRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The most common short ncRNAs are microRNAs, which regulate glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in macrophages by acting on metabolism-related pathways and targeting metabolism-related enzymes and proteins, and are therefore involved in cancer progression. The role of lncRNAs and circRNAs in the metabolism of tumor-associated macrophages remains unclear. LncRNAs affect the glucose metabolism of macrophages, whereas their role in lipid and amino acid metabolism is not clear. CircRNAs regulate amino acid metabolism in macrophages. The roles of ncRNAs in energy metabolism and the underlying mechanisms need to be investigated further. Here, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of ncRNAs in metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated macrophages, which affect the tumor microenvironment and play important roles in the development of cancer. Improving our understanding of the effects of ncRNAs on metabolic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages may facilitate the development of effective clinical therapies.
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14
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Ashrafizadeh M, Shahinozzaman M, Orouei S, Zarrin V, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Kumar A, Samarghandian S, Najafi M, Zarrabi A. Crosstalk of long non-coding RNAs and EMT: Searching the missing pieces of an incomplete puzzle for lung cancer therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:640-665. [PMID: 33535952 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210203110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is considered to be the first place among the cancer-related deaths worldwide and demands novel strategies in the treatment of this life-threatening disorder. The aim of this review is to explore regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung cancer. INTRODUCTION LncRNAs can be considered as potential factors for targeting in cancer therapy, since they regulate a bunch of biological processes, e.g. cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The abnormal expression of lncRNAs occurs in different cancer cells. On the other hand, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical mechanism participating in migration and metastasis of cancer cells. METHOD Different databases including Googlescholar, Pubmed and Sciencedirect were used for collecting articles using keywords such as "LncRNA", "EMT", and "Lung cancer". RESULT There are tumor-suppressing lncRNAs that can suppress EMT and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Expression of such lncRNAs undergoes down-regulation in lung cancer progression and restoring their expression is of importance in suppressing lung cancer migration. There are tumor-promoting lncRNAs triggering EMT in lung cancer and enhancing their migration. CONCLUSION LncRNAs are potential regulators of EMT in lung cancer, and targeting them, both pharmacologically and genetically, can be of importance in controlling migration of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. United States
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Genetics Science, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran. Iran
| | - Vahideh Zarrin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
| | - Anuj Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541. Korea
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur. Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanashah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141. Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul. Turkey
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15
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Wang X, Zhao D, Xie H, Hu Y. Interplay of long non-coding RNAs and HIF-1α: A new dimension to understanding hypoxia-regulated tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Lett 2020; 499:49-59. [PMID: 33217445 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a feature of the solid tumor microenvironment that is associated with poor clinical outcomes in multiple tumor types. Hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a master regulator of hypoxic adaption, has been demonstrated to modulate hypoxic gene expression profiling and signaling transduction networks, and is thus a potential therapeutic target. Despite hypoxic response signaling having being extensively studied, the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the hypoxic response has become a new focus of attention. Emerging evidence has documented complex interactions between HIF-1α and lncRNAs, which contribute to the acquisition of multiple hallmarks of cancer. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the study of hypoxia and HIF-1α-regulated lncRNAs, and summarize the molecular mechanisms and functional outcomes of the interplay between lncRNAs and HIF-1α, which may provide important insights into cancer diagnosis and prognosis, enabling better control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, 150001, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, 150001, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, 2 Yikuang, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Provence, 150001, China; Shenzhen Graduate School of Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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16
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Tan YT, Lin JF, Li T, Li JJ, Xu RH, Ju HQ. LncRNA-mediated posttranslational modifications and reprogramming of energy metabolism in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 41:109-120. [PMID: 33119215 PMCID: PMC7896749 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and the reprogramming of energy metabolism has historically been considered a general phenomenon of tumors. It is well recognized that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate energy metabolism in cancer. However, lncRNA‐mediated posttranslational modifications and metabolic reprogramming are unclear at present. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the interactions between the alterations in cancer‐associated energy metabolism and the lncRNA‐mediated posttranslational modifications of metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, and other proteins involved in metabolic pathways. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms through which these interactions contribute to tumor initiation and progression, and the key roles and clinical significance of functional lncRNAs. We believe that an in‐depth understanding of lncRNA‐mediated cancer metabolic reprogramming can help to identify cellular vulnerabilities that can be exploited for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Tao Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Fei Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Huai-Qiang Ju
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
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17
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Kang Y, He W, Ren C, Qiao J, Guo Q, Hu J, Xu H, Jiang X, Wang L. Advances in targeted therapy mainly based on signal pathways for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:245. [PMID: 33093441 PMCID: PMC7582884 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial carcinoma of the head and neck region which mainly distributes in southern China and Southeast Asia and has a crucial association with the Epstein-Barr virus. Based on epidemiological data, both incidence and mortality of NPC have significantly declined in recent decades grounded on the improvement of living standard and medical level in an endemic region, in particular, with the clinical use of individualized chemotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) which profoundly contributes to the cure rate of NPC patients. To tackle the challenges including local recurrence and distant metastasis in the current NPC treatment, we discussed the implication of using targeted therapy against critical molecules in various signal pathways, and how they synergize with chemoradiotherapy in the NPC treatment. Combination treatment including targeted therapy and IMRT or concurrent chemoradiotherapy is presumably to be future options, which may reduce radiation or chemotherapy toxicities and open new avenues for the improvement of the expected functional outcome for patients with advanced NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jincheng Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- The NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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18
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Duan HY, Ding X, Luo HS. Clinicopathological association and prognostic value of long non-coding RNA CASC9 in patients with cancer: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3823-3831. [PMID: 32855732 PMCID: PMC7444322 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported a prognostic role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in various cancer types, but its clinical significance has remained inconclusive. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the impact of CASC9 expression on the prognosis and clinicopathological features of patients with cancer patients. The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant literature and eight studies, including 565 patients with cancer, were selected. The quality of these studies was appraised with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the association between CASC9 expression and prognosis or clinicopathological features was analyzed. Patients with high expression levels of CASC9 in their tumor tissues had a lower overall survival rate compared with those in the low CASC9 expression group (hazard ratio=2.25, 95% CI: 1.60-3.17, P<0.001). Furthermore, elevated CASC9 expression was significantly associated with deeper tumor invasion [odds ratio (OR)=2.66, 95% CI: 1.72-4.14, P<0.001], poor tumor differentiation (OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.24-4.78, P=0.009), lymph node metastasis (OR=3.42, 95% CI: 1.98-5.92, P<0.001) and advanced clinical stage (OR=3.21, 95% CI: 2.21-4.66, P<0.001). In conclusion, CASC9 is a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients and should be validated in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Yu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - He-Sheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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19
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Identification of oncogenic long noncoding RNAs CASC9 and LINC00152 in oral carcinoma through genome-wide comprehensive analysis. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 30:356-362. [PMID: 30543527 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral carcinoma (OC) is the major cancer type in the head and neck region; however, the molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis and progression remain poorly understood. In recent years, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been uncovered as critical regulators in the development and progression of multiple human cancers, but most of the lncRNAs expression patterns, clinical relevance, and biological functions in OC are still unclear. To better understand the significance of lncRNAs in OC carcinogenesis, we analyzed the expression levels of lncRNAs between OC and healthy oral mucosa using The Cancer Genome Atlas Cancer Genome RNA sequencing data and another three independent microarray datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus. As a result, we found that thousands of lncRNAs expression are dysregulated in OC, and further somatic copy number variation analyses showed that some of these lncRNAs alterations are associated with copy number amplification or loss in OC. Moreover, lots of lncRNAs expression levels are associated with OC patients' overall survival and recurrence-free survival; for example, higher CASC9, LINC01232, and MIR4435-1HG expression levels are related to shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival in OC patients. Finally, the potential function of two lncRNAs (CASC9 and LINC00152) that were upregulated in OC tissues and associated with patients' survival time was verified by loss-of-function assays in OC cells. Our findings indicate that these altered lncRNAs might play important roles in the development of OC, and our data can provide a valuable list of lncRNAs candidates for further investigation of their function and mechanisms in OC.
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20
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Zhan Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Wen J, Liu Y, Zhang X. Long non-coding RNA CASC9 promotes tumor growth and metastasis via modulating FZD6/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:136. [PMID: 32677984 PMCID: PMC7364562 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence have highlighted the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple cancers development and progression. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) is a novel long non-coding RNA and plays important regulatory role in diverse biological processes of cancers. However, the clinical significance and molecular mechanism of CASC9 in bladder cancer is still unknown. METHODS Comprehensive lncRNAs profiling analysis were conducted to identify lncRNAs profile alterations and uncover valuable lncRNA candidates for bladder cancer. The expression level of CASC9 was determined in a total of 106 patients with bladder cancer. Loss-of-function experiments were performed to identify the functions of CASC9 in tumor growth and metastasis of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis and further experiments were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of CASC9. RESULTS This study found that CASC9 expression was markedly upregulated in bladder cancer and related to histological grade, TNM stage and prognosis. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that CASC9 functions as a miRNA sponge to positively regulate FZD6 expression and subsequently activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus playing an oncogenic role in bladder cancer pathogenesis. CONCLUSION In summary, lncRNA CASC9 plays a critical regulatory role in bladder cancer. The CASC9/miR-497-5p/ FZD6 axis provides insights for regulatory mechanism of bladder cancer, and new strategies for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lianghao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shuanbao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| | - Xuepei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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21
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Long-Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF) in Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6030027. [PMID: 32640630 PMCID: PMC7549355 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is dangerous for oxygen-dependent cells, therefore, physiological adaption to cellular hypoxic conditions is essential. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main regulator of hypoxic metabolic adaption reducing oxygen consumption and is regulated by gradual von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-dependent proteasomal degradation. Beyond physiology, hypoxia is frequently encountered within solid tumors and first drugs are in clinical trials to tackle this pathway in cancer. Besides hypoxia, cancer cells may promote HIF expression under normoxic conditions by altering various upstream regulators, cumulating in HIF upregulation and enhanced glycolysis and angiogenesis, altogether promoting tumor proliferation and progression. Therefore, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial to discover potential future therapeutic targets to evolve cancer therapy. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a class of non-protein coding RNA molecules with a length of over 200 nucleotides. They participate in cancer development and progression and might act as either oncogenic or tumor suppressive factors. Additionally, a growing body of evidence supports the role of lncRNAs in the hypoxic and normoxic regulation of HIF and its subunits HIF-1α and HIF-2α in cancer. This review provides a comprehensive update and overview of lncRNAs as regulators of HIFs expression and activation and discusses and highlights potential involved pathways.
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22
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Sharma U, Barwal TS, Acharya V, Tamang S, Vasquez KM, Jain A. Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 9 (CASC9): A Novel Targetable Long Noncoding RNA in Cancer Treatment. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100774. [PMID: 32450549 PMCID: PMC7256364 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on epidemiological data provided by the World Health Organization (2018), cancer is the second most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Several factors are thought to contribute to the high mortality rate in cancer patients, including less-than-optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify accurate biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic, and potential therapeutic applications. In this regard, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) hold immense potential due to their regulatory roles in cancer development and associated cancer hallmarks. Recently, CASC9 transcripts have attracted significant attention due to their altered expression during the pathogenesis of cancer and their apparent contributions to various cancer-associated phenotypes involving a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms. Here, we have provided an in-depth review describing the known functions of the lncRNA CASC9 in cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Tushar Singh Barwal
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Varnali Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Suraksha Tamang
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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Kuo TC, Kung HJ, Shih JW. Signaling in and out: long-noncoding RNAs in tumor hypoxia. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:59. [PMID: 32370770 PMCID: PMC7201962 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recognized as key regulators of gene expression at chromatin, transcriptional and posttranscriptional level with pivotal roles in various biological and pathological processes, including cancer. Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor microenvironment, profoundly affects gene expression and is tightly associated with cancer progression. Upon tumor hypoxia, the central regulator HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) is upregulated and orchestrates transcription reprogramming, contributing to aggressive phenotypes in numerous cancers. Not surprisingly, lncRNAs are also transcriptional targets of HIF and serve as effectors of hypoxia response. Indeed, the number of hypoxia-associated lncRNAs (HALs) identified has risen sharply, illustrating the expanding roles of lncRNAs in hypoxia signaling cascade and responses. Moreover, through extra-cellular vesicles, lncRNAs could transmit hypoxia responses between cancer cells and the associated microenvironment. Notably, the aberrantly expressed cellular or exosomal HALs can serve as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide an update of the current knowledge about the expression, involvement and potential clinical impact of lncRNAs in tumor hypoxia, with special focus on their unique molecular regulation of HIF cascade and hypoxia-induced malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chun Kuo
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsing-Jien Kung
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Wen Shih
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC. .,Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC. .,Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, ROC.
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Kuang P, Chen P, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, Ye L, Yu F, Ji H, He Y. RNA sequencing analysis of small cell lung cancer reveals candidate chemotherapy insensitivity long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:121. [PMID: 32175414 PMCID: PMC7049041 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The further progression of credible expression profiling analysis of genes continues to expand our understanding of the biological characteristics in lung cancer. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to contrast the transcriptomics profiling of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) that acquired partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD)/progressive disease (PD) after first-line chemotherapy. We aimed to illuminate the underlying mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the efficacy of SCLC first-line chemotherapy. METHODS Six male patients (mean age, 64.2 years) with SCLC were enrolled in this study. RNA-Seq was executed on the tumor tissues from 3 patients with PR outcome and 3 patients with SD or PD therapeutic effect after first-line chemotherapy. RESULTS RNA-Seq generated 26.67×106 (±8.7×106) reads in SCLC tissues [mean (±standard deviation)]. Analysis revealed that 64 lncRNAs had higher expression and 194 had lower expression in the PR group ≥2-fold (P<0.05). Three downregulated genes in the PR group [HOXA-AS3, cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9), and KEGG] could have a role in the insensitivity of SCLC. A total of 1,303 differential miRNAs were defined between PR and the SD or PD SCLC group, while 520 miRNAs had higher expression, and 783 had lower expression in the PR group. Two lower expressed miRNAs in the PR group (miRNA 601 and miRNA 596) might be the key genes in SCLC chemotherapy insensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The expression of 3 gene (HOXA-AS3, CASC9, and KEGG) and 2 miRNAs (miRNA 601 and miRNA 596) were markedly decreased in SCLC patients who achieved PR. They thus might be the promising candidate genes in SCLC chemotherapy insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kuang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingyun Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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25
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Li S, Teng Y, Yuan MJ, Ma TT, Ma J, Gao XJ. A seven long-noncoding RNA signature predicts prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biomark Med 2019; 14:53-63. [PMID: 31729251 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study profiled differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) to predict LSCC overall survival (OS) using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Materials & methods: The RNA-seq and clinical dataset of 475 LSCC patients was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and statistically analyzed. Results: There were 67 upregulated and 32 downregulated lncRNAs in LSCCs and 12 lncRNAs associated with OS. The seven-lncRNA signature was associated with poor OS and RP11-150O12.6 and CTA-384D8.35 were associated with better OS (p < 0.001). The seven lncRNAs-mRNA interaction network analysis showed their association with 187 protein-coding genes for cancer development, cell migration, adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and the MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion: This seven-lncRNA signature is useful to predict LSCC OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Yue Teng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Min-Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin 300060, PR China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Xu-Jie Gao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention & Therapy, Tianjin 300060, PR China
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26
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Jin Y, Xie H, Duan L, Zhao D, Ding J, Jiang G. Long Non-Coding RNA CASC9 And HIF-1α Form A Positive Feedback Loop To Facilitate Cell Proliferation And Metastasis In Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9017-9027. [PMID: 31802910 PMCID: PMC6827505 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s226078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) has been recognized as an important modulator of cell growth and metastasis in many cancers. However, its detailed roles in lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate its functions and molecular mechanism in lung cancer progression. Methods Expression of CASC9 was determined in lung cancer tissues and cell lines by real-time PCR. CCK-8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were done to evaluate the cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacities in vitro. Real-time PCR, Western blot and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed to dissect the mechanisms. Results CASC9 was overexpressed in lung cancer specimens and cell lines. Knockdown of CASC9 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in lung cancer cells. While overexpression of CASC9 in normal lung epithelial cells did the opposite. CASC9 interacted with HIF-1α and enhanced its protein stability. They formed a positive feedback loop by reciprocally inducing each other expression and regulated cell proliferation and metastasis. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated a novel regulatory signaling pathway, namely the CASC9/HIF-1α axis, which was involved in lung cancer progression. These findings can provide valuable insights on the potential therapy application for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Huikang Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaan Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Xi J, Wang Y, Liu H. GLUT-1 participates in the promotion of LncRNA CASC9 in proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma cells. Gene 2019; 726:144194. [PMID: 31669650 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may play important roles in tumorigenesis. Increased lncRNA CASC9 occurs in laryngeal carcinoma, which accounts for 20% of all head and neck cancers, but its role in this disease remains unknown. Using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR, we found higher expression of CASC9 and GLUT-1 in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and cells, compared to adjacent tissues and cells. A correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between CASC9 and GLUT-1 expression in laryngeal carcinoma tissues. An MTT assay of TU212 and Hep-2 cells showed increased cell proliferation after transfection with overexpressed CASC9 and decreased cell proliferation after transfection with silenced CASC9. A Transwell assay showed that overexpressing CASC9 increased and silencing CASC9 decreased cell migration of TU212 and Hep-2 cells. A flow cytometry assay showed that overexpressing CASC9 reduced and silencing CASC9 increased cell apoptosis. In other words, we found that overexpressing CASC9 increased cell proliferation and cell migration and decreased apoptosis both in TU212 and Hep-2 cells, whereas silencing CASC9 had the opposite effects. Moreover, overexpression vector of GLUT-1 was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of CASC9 in laryngeal carcinoma. The results showed that transfection with an overexpressed GLUT-1vector reversed the effects of silencing CASC9 on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis in TU212 and Hep-2 cells. In conclusion, our study of laryngeal carcinoma found that CASC9 was positively correlated with GLUT-1 expression and that CASC9 may promote proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma cells by regulating GLUT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xi
- Otorhinolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, 712100 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Medicine, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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The lncRNA PVT1 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation via activating the KAT2A acetyltransferase and stabilizing HIF-1α. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:695-710. [PMID: 31320749 PMCID: PMC7206084 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating the development and progression of many cancers. However, the clinical significance of specific lncRNAs in the context of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the molecular mechanisms by which they regulate this form of cancer remain largely unclear. In this study we found that the lncRNA PVT1 was upregulated in NPC, and that in patients this upregulation was associated with reduced survival. RNA sequencing revealed that PVT1 was responsible for regulating NPC cell proliferation and for controlling a hypoxia-related phenotype in these cells. PVT1 knockdown reduced NPC cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis in a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model systems. We further found that PVT1 serves as a scaffold for the chromatin modification factor KAT2A, which mediates histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9), recruiting the nuclear receptor binding protein TIF1β to activate NF90 transcription, thereby increasing HIF-1α stability and promoting a malignant phenotype in NPC cells. Overexpression of NF90 or HIF-1α restored the proliferation in cells that had ceased proliferating due to PVT1 or KAT2A depletion. Conversely, overexpression of active KAT2A or TIF1β, but not of KAT2A acetyltransferase activity-deficient mutants or TIF1β isoforms lacking H3K9ac binding sites, promoted a PVT1-mediated increase in NF90 transcription, as well as increased HIF-1α stability and cell proliferation. PVT1 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitization effect in NPC cells via inhibiting binding between H3K9ac and TIF1β in a manner. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PVT1 serves an oncogenic role and plays an important role in radiosensitivity in malignant NPC via activating the KAT2A acetyltransferase and stabilizing HIF-1α.
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Li X, Xiao X, Chang R, Zhang C. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies lncRNA HCG22 as a migration inhibitor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:468-481. [PMID: 31236983 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant histological type. However, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) alterations in ESCC have not been elucidated to date. In this study, reliable databases from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which analyzed lncRNA expression in ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were searched, and common differentially expressed lncRNAs and genes were analyzed. Next, cis- trans analysis was performed to predict the underlying relationships between altered lncRNAs and mRNAs, and the lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network was established. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of altered lncRNA-related genes were performed. The promising lncRNA HCG22 was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and clinicopathological data were collected to identify the relationship between lncRNA HCG22 expression level and clinical features. Finally, Transwell assays were performed to explore the biological functions of lncRNA HCG22 in ESCC cells. Two hundred forty-one lncRNAs and 835 mRNAs were observed to be remarkably altered between ESCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network showed the coexpression association between lncRNA HCG22 and SPINK7 and ADAMTS12. GO and KEGG analyses showed that HCG22 and ADAMTS12 had potential biological functions in the cell migration of ESCC. The downregulation of lncRNA HCG22 in ESCC tumor tissues was validated by qPCR, and the clinicopathological data showed a noticeable correlation between lncRNA HCG22 expression level and the ESCC differentiational degree and clinical TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with ESCC having low lncRNA HCG22 expression in ESCC tissues had considerably shorter overall survival compared with patients with ESCC having high lncRNA HCG22 expression. Following Transwell assays confirmed the migratory role of lncRNA HCG22 in ESCC cells. In conclusion, lncRNA HCG22 was downregulated in ESCC tissues and can be a migration inhibitor of ESCC cells, and SPINK7 and ADAMTS12 are promising to be the regulatory targets of lncRNA HCG22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhe Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang J, Wang Q, Quan Z. Long non-coding RNA CASC9 enhances breast cancer progression by promoting metastasis through the meditation of miR-215/TWIST2 signaling associated with TGF-β expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:644-650. [PMID: 31178137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating study has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could serve as critical modulators to meditate tumor metastasis. In the study, the crucial role of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) in regulating cervical cancer metastasis and progression was investigated. CASC9 expression was markedly increased in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Cervical cancer patients with low CASC9 expression showed better overall survival rate. Moreover, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)-derived transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) could increase CASC9 expression. The crosslink between CAFs and cervical cancer cells led to CASC9 to elevate the metastasis of cervical cancer cells. CASC9 dysregulation could function as a miRNA sponge to competitively protect twist homolog 2 (TWIST2) mRNA 3'UTR from miR-215. Results in this study indicated the effects of CASC9 on cervical cancer and suggested a novel axis by which CASC9 meditated cervical cancer cell metastasis and proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Together, CASC9 could be a prognostic marker for cervical cancer to develop effective therapeutic treatment against cervical cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Imaging Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China; Department of Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Zhicheng Quan
- Department of Imaging Department, Central Hospital of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China.
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Gao L, Guo YN, Zeng JH, Ma FC, Luo J, Zhu HW, Xia S, Wei KL, Chen G. The expression, significance and function of cancer susceptibility candidate 9 in lung squamous cell carcinoma: A bioinformatics and in vitro investigation. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1651-1664. [PMID: 30896821 PMCID: PMC6439977 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) gene has been reported to exert an oncogenic effect in several types of cancer. However, its role in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is unknown. Therefore, the present study examined the expression of CASC9 in LUSC and non-cancer tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and by data mining of high-throughput public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, the Gene Expression Omnibus, ArrayExpress and the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of CASC9 on the viability and the proliferation of LUSC cells. Furthermore, consulting the alteration status of CASC9 in LUSC from cBioPortal, functional enrichment analysis of co-expressed genes, prediction of potential transcription factors, and inspection of adjacent protein-coding genes were conducted to explore the potential molecular mechanism of CASC9 in LUSC. The results revealed that CASC9 was overexpressed in LUSC tissue, and significantly associated with the malignant progression of LUSC. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CASC9 knockdown by RNA interference attenuated the viability and proliferation of LUSC cells. Multiple copies of CASC9 gene were detected in 4 of 179 available sequenced LUSC cases. A functional enrichment analysis of 200 co-expressed genes indicated that these genes were significantly associated with terms, including 'cell-cell junction organization', 'desmosome organization', 'epidermis development', 'Hippo signaling pathway', 'pathogenic Escherichia coli infection' and 'PID HIF1 TF pathway'. Three genes, Fos-related antigen 2 (FOSL2), SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2, and transcription factor COE1 (EBF1), were predicted by lncRNAMap to be associated with CASC9. Among these, the expression of FOSL2 and EBF1 was positively and negatively correlated with the expression of CASC9, respectively. Two adjacent protein-coding genes, cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain-containing 1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-γ, were also positively correlated with CASC9 expression. In conclusion, the present data suggest that CASC9 serves as an oncogene in LUSC and may be a promising target for alternative therapeutic options for patients with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kang-Lai Wei
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Shao G, Wang M, Fan X, Zhong L, Wang Z, Zhang P, Ji S. lncRNA CASC9 positively regulates CHK1 to promote breast cancer cell proliferation and survival through sponging the miR‑195/497 cluster. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1665-1675. [PMID: 30816435 PMCID: PMC6438439 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis and development of diverse types of human disorders. Cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9), a gene encoding a lncRNA, has frequently been reported to be dysregulated and has been implicated in multiple types of human malignancies. However, the biological role of lncRNA CASC9 in breast cancer (BC) remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA CASC9 in BC and to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms involved. In the present study, lncRNA CASC9 was found to be significantly upregulated in both BC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, functional analyses revealed that lncRNA CASC9 accelerated BC cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression and suppressed cell apoptosis. Moreover, mechanical experiments demonstrated that lncRNA CASC9 positively regulated checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) by competitively binding to the miR-195/497 cluster in BC cells. Additionally, the knockdown of lncRNA CASC9 was observed to suppress breast tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that lncRNA CASC9 plays an oncogenic role in BC through sponging the miR-195/497 cluster, and that lncRNA CASC9 may be used as a novel therapeutic target and as a potential diagnostic marker for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Shao
- Specialized Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Mengchuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xulong Fan
- Maternity and Children's Healthcare Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 52800, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Specialized Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Pusheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Shufeng Ji
- Specialized Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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Yang Y, Chen D, Liu H, Yang K. Increased expression of lncRNA CASC9 promotes tumor progression by suppressing autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 30674868 PMCID: PMC6381212 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that lncRNA CASC9 was upregulated and acted as an oncogene in a variety of tumors. However, the expression and biological functions of CASC9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unknown. In this study, we found for the first time that CASC9 was remarkably upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with paired noncancerous tissues and normal oral epithelial cells. Highly expressed CASC9 is strongly associated with tumor size, clinical stage, regional lymph node metastasis and overall survival time in OSCC patients. In vitro, CASC9 knockdown in OSCC cells SCC15 and CAL27 significantly promotes autophagy and apoptosis, while inhibiting proliferation. Moreover, the expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR, P62 and BCL-2 were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of BAX and the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio were increased in CASC9-knockdown SCC15 and CAL27 cells. After the addition of the AKT activator SC79 in CASC9-knockdown SCC15 and CAL27 cells, we found that the increased autophagy and apoptosis were remarkably rescued. Furthermore, the increased apoptosis was remarkably rescued in CASC9-knockdown OSCC cells treated with the autophagy inhibitor Autophinib. In addition, CASC9 depletion suppressed tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that lncRNA CASC9 promotes OSCC progression through enhancing cell proliferation and suppressing autophagy-mediated cell apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR pathway. CASC9 could potentially be used as a valuable biomarker for OSCC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Hu X, Li Y, Kong D, Hu L, Liu D, Wu J. Long noncoding RNA CASC9 promotes LIN7A expression via miR-758-3p to facilitate the malignancy of ovarian cancer. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:10800-10808. [PMID: 30537154 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) has been reported to be a pivot modulator in growth and metastasis of breast cancer, liver cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, and nasopharyngeal cancer. However, its potential roles in ovarian cancer remain unclear. In this study, we aimed at its functions and molecular mechanism in ovarian cancer progression. We showed that CASC9 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines. An elevated level of CASC9 predicts an unfavorable prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays illustrated that CASC9 promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and accelerates tumor growth in vivo. We showed that CASC9 works as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-758-3p which targets LIN7A. CASC9 inhibits the level of miR-758-3p, and in turn stimulates LIN7A expression in ovarian cancer. Overexpression of LIN7A reverses the suppressive roles of CASC9 depletion on ovarian cancer. In sum, our findings reveal a novel undefined regulatory signaling pathway, namely CASC9/miR-758-3p/LIN7A axis, involved in ovarian cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Hu
- Department of Head and Neck and Genito-Urinary Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Breast Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Kong
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Longhu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Head and Neck and Genito-Urinary Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Klingenberg M, Groß M, Goyal A, Polycarpou-Schwarz M, Miersch T, Ernst AS, Leupold J, Patil N, Warnken U, Allgayer H, Longerich T, Schirmacher P, Boutros M, Diederichs S. The Long Noncoding RNA Cancer Susceptibility 9 and RNA Binding Protein Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L Form a Complex and Coregulate Genes Linked to AKT Signaling. Hepatology 2018; 68:1817-1832. [PMID: 29790588 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The identification of viability-associated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might be a promising rationale for new therapeutic approaches in liver cancer. Here, we applied an RNA interference screening approach in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines to find viability-associated lncRNAs. Among the multiple identified lncRNAs with a significant impact on HCC cell viability, we selected cancer susceptibility 9 (CASC9) due to the strength of its phenotype, expression, and up-regulation in HCC versus normal liver. CASC9 regulated viability across multiple HCC cell lines as shown by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference and single small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated and siRNA pool-mediated depletion of CASC9. Further, CASC9 depletion caused an increase in apoptosis and a decrease of proliferation. We identified the RNA binding protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (HNRNPL) as a CASC9 interacting protein by RNA affinity purification and validated it by native RNA immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of HNRNPL mimicked the loss-of-viability phenotype observed upon CASC9 depletion. Analysis of the proteome (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) of CASC9-depleted and HNRNPL-depleted cells revealed a set of coregulated genes which implied a role of the CASC9:HNRNPL complex in AKT signaling and DNA damage sensing. CASC9 expression levels were elevated in patient-derived tumor samples compared to normal control tissue and had a significant association with overall survival of HCC patients. In a xenograft chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, we measured decreased tumor size after knockdown of CASC9. Conclusion: Taken together, we provide a comprehensive list of viability-associated lncRNAs in HCC; we identified the CASC9:HNRNPL complex as a clinically relevant viability-associated lncRNA/protein complex which affects AKT signaling and DNA damage sensing in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klingenberg
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg.,Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Heidelberg
| | - Matthias Groß
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center.,Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg
| | - Ashish Goyal
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center
| | | | - Thilo Miersch
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Anne-Sophie Ernst
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University.,Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Heidelberg.,Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg
| | - Jörg Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
| | - Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
| | - Uwe Warnken
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery-Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, and Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, University of Heidelberg
| | | | | | - Michael Boutros
- Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center.,Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg.,German Cancer Consortium, Freiburg, Germany
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Gramantieri L, Baglioni M, Fornari F, Laginestra MA, Ferracin M, Indio V, Ravaioli M, Cescon M, De Pace V, Leoni S, Coadă CA, Negrini M, Bolondi L, Giovannini C. LncRNAs as novel players in hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35085-35099. [PMID: 30416681 PMCID: PMC6205555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are ncRNAs more than 200 nucleotides long that participate to a wide range of biological functions. However, their role in cancer is poorly known. By using an NGS-based approach we analyzed the intragenic and poliA-lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and we assayed the relationships between their deregulated expression and clinical-pathological characteristics. The expression profile of lncRNAs was studied in a discovery series of 28 HCC and matched cirrhosis and was validated in an independent cohort of 32 HCC patients both in tissue and serum. The correlation between lncRNA expression and clinical-pathological variables, EMT markers and putative sponged microRNAs level were investigated. Functional experiments were performed in HCC-derived cell lines to clarify the role of selected lncRNAs in HCC. A panel of deregulated lncRNAs differentiated HCC from cirrhotic tissue. CASC9 and LUCAT1 were up-regulated in a subset of HCC-derived cell lines and in half of HCCs which displayed a lower recurrence after surgery. LUCAT1 and CASC9 silencing increased cell motility and invasion capability in HCC cells and influenced the EMT phenotype. LUCAT1 was demonstrated to directly sponge the onco-miR-181d-5p. Both LUCAT1 and CASC9 were secreted in exosomes, and higher circulating CASC9 levels were associated with tumor size and HCC recurrence after surgery, suggesting its potential usage as putative non-invasive prognostic biomarker of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gramantieri
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Baglioni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Fornari
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ravaioli
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanessa De Pace
- General Surgery and Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Leoni
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Camelia Alexandra Coadă
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Bolondi
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Catia Giovannini
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research, St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jiang B, Li Y, Qu X, Zhu H, Tan Y, Fan Q, Jiang Y, Liao M, Wu X. Long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 promotes doxorubicin‑resistant breast cancer by binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2801-2810. [PMID: 30106089 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the long noncoding RNA cancer susceptibility candidate 9 (CASC9) on doxorubicin (DOX)‑resistant breast cancer and to reveal the potential underlying mechanisms. The expression of CASC9 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, in addition to drug‑resistant breast cancer cells (MCF‑7/DOX), was detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, MCF‑7/DOX cells were transfected with the silencing vector pS‑CASC9, containing enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or control small interfering (si)RNAs. The viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion of the transfected cells were assessed via an MTT assay, flow cytometry and a Transwell assay, respectively. The expression levels of apoptosis‑associated proteins (apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2, apoptosis regulator BAX, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9) were determined by western blotting. An RNA pull‑down assay was performed to identify CASC9‑binding candidates. In addition, the expression levels of the MDR1 gene and its encoded protein, P‑glycoprotein, were detected. CASC9 expression was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and drug‑resistant breast cancer cells. CASC9 knockdown significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of drug‑resistant breast cancer cells, and decreased the half‑maximal inhibitory concentration DOX in MCF‑7/DOX cells. The RNA pull‑down assay revealed that CASC9 engaged EZH2; EZH2 siRNA significantly inhibited the cell growth, metastasis and chemoresistance of MCF‑7/DOX cells. Additionally, EZH2 may regulate the MDR1 gene. The present study demonstrated the oncogenic role of CASC9 in drug‑resistant breast cancer by binding to EZH2 and regulating the MDR1 gene. Modulation of CASC9 expression may be a promising target in the therapy of breast cancer and drug‑resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yeru Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Qun Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mingchu Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Guo H, Huang S, Li S, Yu H, Wu S, Zhou X. Prognostic significance of the long noncoding RNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:1763-1779. [PMID: 29988744 PMCID: PMC6029603 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s164695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. Despite recent advances in treatment, the prognosis, particularly for those at the advanced stages, remains poor. Moreover, the underlying genetic and molecular events have remained obscure so far. Recently, increasing evidence has demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) could act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in various cancers depending on their targets. And some lncRNAs have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in NPC. In this meta-analysis, we try to elucidate the possible role of lncRNAs and their expression on prognosis in NPC. Methods We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for relevant articles ranging from January 2000 to December 2017. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of lncRNAs in NPC. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to assess the association between lncRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics. Results A total of 14 eligible publications including 14 on prognosis and eight on clinicopathological characteristics were identified. Our results demonstrated that the high expression of lncRNAs was related to poor overall survival (OS; HR =1.55; 95% CI =1.01, 2.40; P=0.05) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR =1.83; 95% CI =1.07, 3.13; P=0.03) of NPC. Moreover, the expression of lncRNAs was correlated with male gender (OR =1.42; 95% CI =1.05, 1.91; P=0.02), lymph node status (OR =2.20; 95% CI =1.29, 3.73; P=0.004), and tumor node metastasis (TNM) clinical stage (OR =2.55; 95% CI =1.12, 5.78; P=0.03). Conclusion This meta-analysis shows that the level of expression of lncRNAs may be a potential prognostic indicator in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuanHuan Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - Shuo Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - ShiXiong Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - XuHong Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
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Li XX, Liang XJ, Zhou LY, Liu RJ, Bi W, Zhang S, Li SS, Yang WH, Chen ZC, Yang XM, Zhang PF. Analysis of Differential Expressions of Long Non-coding RNAs in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Next-generation Deep Sequencing. J Cancer 2018; 9:1943-1950. [PMID: 29896278 PMCID: PMC5995947 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little knowledge about long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been acquired. Methods: Next-generation sequencing was applied in 7 cases of NPC tissues and 7 cases of normal tissues in nasopharynx. PLEX, CNCI and CPAT soft-wares were used to predict novel lncRNAs. Real-time Quantitative PCR (qPCR) further validated the data in 20 cases of NPC tissues and 14 cases of normal tissues. Then the cis-regulators and trans-regulators and potential biological functions together with pathways were predicted by Bioinformatics. Results: Totally, 4248 novel lncRNAs were found to be expressed in our samples. And 2192 lncRNAs and 23342 mRNAs were considered to be differentially expressed in NPC. Among the results, 306 lncRNAs and 4599 mRNAs were significantly up-regulated, whereas 204 lncRNAs and 2059 mRNAs were significantly down-regulated, respectively. Moreover, 62 lncRNAs trans-regulated genes were involved in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection pathway in our study. Jun proto-oncogene (JUN), which was related to a cis-regulator lncRNA RP4-794H19.1, was enriched in cancers and involved in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) signaling pathway, might play a key role in NPC. Conclusion: These findings broadened the lncRNAs landscape of NPC tissues and shed light on the roles of these lncRNAs, which might be conducive to the comprehensive management of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Liu-Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wu Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Sheng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,410011, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Hui Yang
- International College, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510420, P.R. China
| | - Zhu-Chu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,410011, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
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Ni C, Yang P, Guo J, Ye M. Role of DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 9, a long noncoding RNA, in gastric cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2259-2267. [PMID: 29719408 PMCID: PMC5914736 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s162253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate and influence cancer cell development and tumor formation. However, the role for lncRNAs in gastric cancer has not been fully established. In this study, DGCR9, a lncRNA, was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cell lines. Methods The expression levels of DGCR9 in each patient between formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastric cancer tissues and adjacent noncancer tissues (NAT) (n=102) were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effect of DGCR9 on cellular proliferation, migration, and glucose uptake was investigated in vitro, respectively. Results DGCR9 was shown to have increased expression in gastric cancer tissues and in gastric cancer cell lines. Further, DGCR9 was found to be associated with clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastric cancer. In particular, DGCR9 was positively associated with lymph node invasion and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage in gastric cancer patients. By in vitro functional analysis, knockdown of DGCR9 in gastric cancer cells suppressed cellular proliferation, migration, and glucose uptake. In contrast, overexpression of DGCR9 increased each of these cancer cell characteristics. Conclusions DGCR9 was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and was shown to accelerate cellular proliferation, migration, and glucose metabolism, all of which would promote the formation and development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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LncRNA CASC9 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through upregulating LAMC2 expression by interacting with the CREB-binding protein. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1980-1995. [PMID: 29511340 PMCID: PMC6219493 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the main subtype of esophageal cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play a critical role in cancer development. Recently, lncRNA CASC9 was shown to be dysregulated in many cancer types, but the mechanisms whereby this occurs remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that CASC9 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues, with further analysis revealing that elevated CASC9 expression was associated with ESCC prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, we found that CASC9 knockdown significantly repressed ESCC migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in nude mice in vivo. A microarray analysis and mechanical experiments indicated that CASC9 preferentially affected gene expression linked to ECM–integrin interactions, including LAMC2, an upstream inducer of the integrin pathway. We demonstrated that LAMC2 was consistently upregulated in ESCC and promoted ESCC metastasis. LAMC2 overexpression partially compromised the decrease of cell migration and invasion capacity in CASC9 knockdowns. In addition, we found that both CASC9 and LAMC2 depletion reduced the phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K, and Akt, which are downstream effectors of the integrin pathway. Moreover, the reduction in phosphorylation caused by CASC9 depletion was rescued by LAMC2 overexpression, further confirming that CASC9 exerts a pro-metastatic role through LAMC2. Mechanistically, RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay indicated that CASC9 could bind with the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein (CBP) in the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay additionally illustrated that CASC9 increased the enrichment of CBP and H3K27 acetylation in the LAMC2 promoter, thereby upregulating LAMC2 expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CASC9 upregulates LAMC2 expression by binding with CBP and modifying histone acetylation. Our research reveals the prognostic and pro-metastatic roles for CASC9 in ESCC, suggesting that CASC9 could serve as a biomarker for prognosis and a target for metastasis treatment.
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Choudhry H, Harris AL. Advances in Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Biology. Cell Metab 2018; 27:281-298. [PMID: 29129785 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis and metabolic activation. Beyond this, HIF influences many other processes. Hypoxia, in part through HIF-dependent mechanisms, influences epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, which modulate hypoxia-responsive gene expression in cells. Hypoxia profoundly affects expression of many noncoding RNAs classes that have clinicopathological implications in cancer. HIF can regulate noncoding RNAs production, while, conversely, noncoding RNAs can modulate HIF expression. There is recent evidence for crosstalk between circadian rhythms and hypoxia-induced signaling, suggesting involvement of molecular clocks in adaptation to fluxes in nutrient and oxygen sensing. HIF induces increased production of cellular vesicles facilitating intercellular communication at a distance-for example, promoting angiogenesis in hypoxic tumors. Understanding the complex networks underlying cellular and genomic regulation in response to hypoxia via HIF may identify novel and specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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MiR-192 and miR-662 enhance chemoresistance and invasiveness of squamous cell lung carcinoma. Lung Cancer 2018; 118:111-118. [PMID: 29571988 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overexpression of miR-192, miR-192* and miR-662 was previously found to correlate with poor prognosis of early-stage squamous cell lung cancer (SCC) patients. In this study, we investigated the relevance of these miRNAs to cancer cell biology and chemoresistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS MiRNA expression profile was analysed in 10 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines using RT-qPCR. H520 and H1703 cells were transfected with miRNA inhibitors (anti-miR-192, -192* and -662) for functional studies. Chemoresistance to cisplatin and etoposide was evaluated using MTT colorimetric assay. H520 cells were subjected to 3D soft-agar colony formation assay and H1703 cells to wound healing assay. Whole transcriptome analysis was used to assess the effect of miR-192 and miR-662 inhibition on gene expression. RESULTS SCC cell lines, H520 and H1703, differed in miRNA expression and phenotypic features. MiR-192 and miR-662 inhibition decreased clonogenicity and motility of SCC cells. MiR-192 and miR-662 inhibition sensitized SCC cells to etoposide but not to cisplatin. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed genes regulated by miR-192 and miR-662 in SCC, relevant to maintaining chemoresistance, invasiveness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune evasion. CONCLUSIONS We showed for the first time that miR-192 and miR-662 have functional role in SCC cells. Our findings suggest that targeting these miRNAs may impact both chemoresistance and invasiveness of SCC, and add to the evidence linking these aspects of tumour biology. Overexpression of miR-192 and miR-662 might be useful as a marker of resistance to etoposide.
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