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Kim Y, Cho M, Jang CH, Lee JS, Kim JS, Oh J, Lim J. Oral Administration of Euonymus alatus Leaf Extract Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in 5xFAD Transgenic Mice. Foods 2024; 13:682. [PMID: 38472795 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is frequently characterized by progressive and irreversible impairment of cognitive functions. However, its etiology remains poorly understood, limiting therapeutic interventions. Our previous study showed that the ethanol extract of Euonymus alatus leaves (EA) positively affected scopolamine-induced hypomnesia in the normal mouse model by promoting nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Herein, we examined whether EA administration could ameliorate major AD phenotypes that are manifested in 5xFAD transgenic mice. Two-month-old mice were orally administered with EA at a dose of 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg body weight/day thrice a week for 14 weeks. We observed that EA administration improved behavioral deficits as assessed by the passive avoidance, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tasks; decreased the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-1β; decreased the protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the hippocampus; and attenuated histological damage and amyloid beta plaques in the hippocampal region of 5xFAD mouse brain. Interestingly, our data demonstrated that the effectiveness was partially attributed to quercetin, which was noted to be a component of EA. Hence, these findings suggest that a long-term administration of EA could alleviate AD symptoms and delay its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Cho
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Jang
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Environment Research Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongju 38174, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Yue Z, He S, Wang J, Jiang Q, Wang H, Wu J, Li C, Wang Z, He X, Jia N. Glyceollins from soybean: Their pharmacological effects and biosynthetic pathways. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21874. [PMID: 38034638 PMCID: PMC10682181 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are a highly abundant class of secondary metabolites present in plants. Isoflavonoids, in particular, are primarily synthesized in leguminous plants within the subfamily Papilionoideae. Numerous reports have established the favorable role of isoflavonoids in preventing a range of human diseases. Among the isoflavonoid components, glyceollins are synthesized specifically in soybean plants and have displayed promising effects in mitigating the occurrence and progression of breast and ovarian cancers as well as other diseases. Consequently, glyceollins have become a sought-after natural component for promoting women's health. In recent years, extensive research has focused on investigating the molecular mechanism underlying the preventative properties of glyceollins against various diseases. Substantial progress has also been made toward elucidating the biosynthetic pathway of glyceollins and exploring potential regulatory factors. Herein, we provide a review of the research conducted on glyceollins since their discovery five decades ago (1972-2023). We summarize their pharmacological effects, biosynthetic pathways, and advancements in chemical synthesis to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of their function and the genes involved in their biosynthetic pathway. Such knowledge may facilitate improved glyceollin synthesis and the creation of health products based on glyceollins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yue
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Shanhong He
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Jinpei Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Hanping Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Jia Wu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
- Engineering Research Center of Personalized Anti-aging Health Product Development and Transformation, Universities of Shaanxi Province, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Zixian Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Engineering, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
| | - Nannan Jia
- School of Medicine, Xi'an International University, 18 Yudou Road, Yanta District, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710077, China
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Laurindo LF, de Maio MC, Minniti G, de Góes Corrêa N, Barbalho SM, Quesada K, Guiguer EL, Sloan KP, Detregiachi CRP, Araújo AC, de Alvares Goulart R. Effects of Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals in Nrf2 Pathways during Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Related Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:243. [PMID: 36837862 PMCID: PMC9966918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) dysregulation. In vitro and in vivo studies using phytocompounds as modulators of the Nrf2 signaling in IBD have already been published. However, no existing review emphasizes the whole scenario for the potential of plants and phytocompounds as regulators of Nrf2 in IBD models and colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis. For these reasons, this study aimed to build a review that could fill this void. The PubMed, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The literature review showed that medicinal plants and phytochemicals regulated the Nrf2 on IBD and IBD-associated colorectal cancer by amplifying the expression of the Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying enzymes and diminishing NF-κB-related inflammation. These effects improve the bowel environment, mucosal barrier, colon, and crypt disruption, reduce ulceration and microbial translocation, and consequently, reduce the disease activity index (DAI). Moreover, the modulation of Nrf2 can regulate various genes involved in cellular redox, protein degradation, DNA repair, xenobiotic metabolism, and apoptosis, contributing to the prevention of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Canevari de Maio
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Avenida Monte Carmelo, 800, Marília 17519-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália de Góes Corrêa
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Avenida Castro Alves, 62, Marília 17500-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia R. P. Detregiachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
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Luteolin Synergistically Enhances Antitumor Activity of Oxaliplatin in Colorectal Carcinoma via AMPK Inhibition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040626. [PMID: 35453311 PMCID: PMC9030203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is a naturally-occurring polyphenolic compound that is known to have antioxidative and antitumor activities in vitro. This study aimed to examine the in vivo anticancer efficacy of luteolin in conjunction with oxaliplatin treatment using a colorectal carcinoma xenograft mouse model. HCT116 human colorectal carcinoma cells were subcutaneously implanted into BALB/c nude mice, followed by the intraperitoneal administration of luteolin at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day with or without oxaliplatin at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW/day three times per week for a total of 3 weeks. The combined luteolin and oxaliplatin treatment resulted in the synergistic suppression of the growth of HCT116 xenograft tumors when compared to treatment with luteolin or oxaliplatin alone. In addition, the combined treatment significantly increased the expression of cleaved PARP and p53 in the xenograft tumors compared with the vehicle control, but only marginally affected the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results indicated that luteolin treatment retarded oxaliplatin-induced tumor growth by facilitating apoptotic cell death and inhibiting HO-1-mediated cytoprotection. Therefore, these findings suggest the synergistic potential of dietary luteolin in conjunction with conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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The Gastroprotective Effect of Naringenin against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice through Inhibiting Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111985. [PMID: 34769415 PMCID: PMC8584376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Naringenin is a major flavanone found in grapes, tangelos, blood oranges, lemons, pummelo, and tangerines. It is known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antifibrogenic, and antiatherogenic pharmacological properties. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of naringenin in ethanol-induced gastric damage in vivo and ethanol-stimulated KATO III cells in vitro. Our results showed that pretreatment with naringenin significantly protected mice from ethanol-induced hemorrhagic damage, epithelial cell loss, and edema with leucocytes. It reduced gastric ulcers (GU) by suppressing ethanol-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and decreasing the levels of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In addition, pretreatment with naringenin might inhibit the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as the proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via the suppression of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in ethanol-stimulated stomach epithelial KATO III cells. Together, the results of this study highlight the gastroprotective effect of naringenin in GU of mice by inhibiting gastric secretion and acidity, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, suppressing NF-κB activity, and restoring the histological architecture. These findings suggested that naringenin has therapeutic potential in the alleviation of ethanol-induced GU.
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Fremder M, Kim SW, Khamaysi A, Shimshilashvili L, Eini-Rider H, Park IS, Hadad U, Cheon JH, Ohana E. A transepithelial pathway delivers succinate to macrophages, thus perpetuating their pro-inflammatory metabolic state. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109521. [PMID: 34380041 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut metabolite composition determined by the microbiota has paramount impact on gastrointestinal physiology. However, the role that bacterial metabolites play in communicating with host cells during inflammatory diseases is poorly understood. Here, we aim to identify the microbiota-determined output of the pro-inflammatory metabolite, succinate, and to elucidate the pathways that control transepithelial succinate absorption and subsequent succinate delivery to macrophages. We show a significant increase of succinate uptake into pro-inflammatory macrophages, which is controlled by Na+-dependent succinate transporters in macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, we find that fecal and serum succinate concentrations were markedly augmented in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and corresponded to changes in succinate-metabolizing gut bacteria. Together, our results describe a succinate production and transport pathway that controls the absorption of succinate generated by distinct gut bacteria and its delivery into macrophages. In IBD, this mechanism fails to protect against the succinate surge, which may result in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Fremder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Seung Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahlam Khamaysi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Liana Shimshilashvili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hadar Eini-Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - I Seul Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Uzi Hadad
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jae Hee Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Protective Effect of Ultraviolet C Irradiation on the Gastric Mucosa of Rats with Chronic Gastritis Induced by Physicochemical Stimulations. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5189797. [PMID: 33815550 PMCID: PMC7990531 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5189797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic gastritis (CG) is a common digestive disease with the highest morbidity among multiple digestive diseases, which seriously lowers the life quality of patients. The pathological alternations of gastric mucosa, and its possible mechanisms have been the focus of CG-related researches. Accumulative basic and clinical evidence has confirmed that ultraviolet C (UVC) is effective in relieving superficial acute infective inflammation, skin and mucous membrane injuries, and ulcers, and promoting wound healing. Objective This study was aimed at investigating the protective effects of UVC on gastric mucosal injury in rats stimulated with physicochemical irritants like ethanol and exploring the mechanisms underlying the protection by UVC against gastric mucosal injury and CG. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, including Group A (normal), Group B (model), Group C (omeprazole treatment), Group D (intragastric UVC irradiation for 24 s × 2 yields), and Group E (intragastric UVC irradiation for 48 s × 2 yields). Rats in Groups B-E were made CG model by physicochemical stimulations. All rats were sacrificed one week after the 22-week experiment, and gastric tissues were harvested. Histopathological examinations were performed. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the contents of reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde in gastric mucosal tissues were detected. Serum interleukin-6, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, pepsin, and gastrin were measured. Results Results showed that physiochemical irritants like ethanol could be used for easily establishing a rat CG model that shared similar pathological features with human CG. Intragastric UVC irradiation could promote the repair of gastric mucosa and improve the atrophy of gastric mucosa by inhibiting the inflammatory factors, increasing the levels of pepsin and gastrin, decreasing the expression of lipid peroxide, and enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the levels of reduced glutathione. UVC irradiation for 48 s × 2 yields showed the strongest protective effect. Conclusion UVC irradiation could inhibit the inflammatory factors, activate the antioxidative system, and enhance the secretion of pepsin and gastrin, which promoted the repair of injured gastric mucosa and improved gastric mucosa atrophy.
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Wang YR, Zhang XN, Meng FG, Zeng T. Targeting macrophage polarization by Nrf2 agonists for treating various xenobiotics-induced toxic responses. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:334-342. [PMID: 33627030 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1894624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages can polarize into different phenotypes in response to different microenvironmental stimuli. Macrophage polarization has been assigned to two extreme states, namely proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that M1 polarized macrophages contribute to various toxicants-induced deleterious effects. Switching macrophages from proinflammatory M1 phenotype toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype could be a promising approach for treating various inflammatory diseases. Studies in the past few decades have revealed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can modulate the polarization of macrophages. Specifically, activation of Nrf2 could block M1 stimuli-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and shift the polarization of macrophages toward M2 by cross-talking with nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and autophagy. Importantly, a great number of studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of natural and synthesized Nrf2 agonists on various inflammatory diseases; however, most of these compounds are far away from clinical application due to lack of characterization and defects of study designs. Interestingly, some endogenous Nrf2 inducers and compounds with dual activities (such as the Nrf2 inducing and CO releasing effects) exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects, which points out an important direction for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan-Ge Meng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Potential of Viscozyme ®-Treated Jujube Fruit. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081033. [PMID: 32752184 PMCID: PMC7466189 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba, commonly called jujube, has long been consumed for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to examine the protective effect of dietary supplementation of enzymatically hydrolyzed jujube against lung inflammation in mice. The macerated flesh of jujube was extracted with aqueous ethanol before and after Viscozyme treatment. The extract of enzyme-treated jujube, called herein hydrolyzed jujube extract (HJE), contained higher levels of quercetin, total phenolics, and flavonoids, and exhibited more effective radical-scavenging abilities in comparison to non-hydrolyzed jujube extract (NHJE). HJE treatment decreased production of inflammation-associated molecules, including nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated Raw 264.7 or differentiated THP-1 cells. HJE treatment also reduced expression of nuclear factor-κB and its downstream proteins in A549 human lung epithelial cells. Moreover, oral supplementation of 1.5 g of HJE per kg of body weight (BW) attenuated histological lung damage, decreased plasma cytokines, and inhibited expression of inflammatory proteins and oxidative stress mediators in the lungs of mice exposed to benzo(a)pyrene at 50 mg/kg BW. Expression levels of antioxidant and cytoprotective factors, such as nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1, were increased in lung and liver tissues from mice treated with HJE, compared to mice fed NHJE. These findings indicate that dietary HJE can reduce benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung inflammation by inhibiting cytokine release from macrophages and promoting antioxidant defenses in vivo.
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Inhibitory Effect of Steamed Soybean Wastewater Against DSS-Induced Intestinal Inflammation in Mice. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070954. [PMID: 32708415 PMCID: PMC7404776 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the beneficial potential of steamed soybean wastewater (SSW), which is generated during the manufacture of fermented soybean products and usually discarded as a by-product. The SSW was found to contain considerable amounts of isoflavones and had concentration-dependent radical scavenging capabilities. Moreover, oral administration of SSW effectively prevented colonic damage induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), based on improvement of morphological and histological features, reduction of oxidative stress indicators, suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production, downregulation of inflammatory marker expression in the colonic tissue, and inhibition of the inflammatory activation of macrophages. It suggests that SSW could prevent intestinal inflammation in humans, although its efficacy should be verified through careful study design in humans. These findings have implications for enhancement of the value-added of SSW and for reduction of wastewater treatment costs incurred by the food industry.
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Wu ZY, Sang LX, Chang B. Isoflavones and inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:2081-2091. [PMID: 32548137 PMCID: PMC7281056 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i11.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones constitute a class of plant hormones including genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, biochanin A, and irilone, and the major source of human intake is soybeans. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and indeterminate colitis, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and has become a global health problem. Although the pathogenesis of IBD is not very clear, many factors are thought to be related to the occurrence and development of IBD such as genes, immunity, and intestinal flora. How to control IBD effectively for a long time is still a problem for gastroenterologists. Diet has an important effect on IBD. Patients with IBD should pay more attention to diet. To date, many studies have reported that isoflavones have both good and bad effects on IBD. Isoflavones have many activities such as regulating the inflammatory signal pathways and affecting intestinal barrier functions and gut flora. They can also act through estrogen receptors, as they have a similar structure to estrogen. Isoflavones are easy to get from diet for human. Whether they are valuable to be applied to the treatment of IBD is worth studying. This review summarizes the relationship between isoflavones and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Xuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning Province, China
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Woo Y, Lim JS, Oh J, Lee JS, Kim JS. Neuroprotective Effects of Euonymus alatus Extract on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficits in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050449. [PMID: 32456069 PMCID: PMC7278771 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Euonymus alatus is considered to elicit various beneficial effects against cancer, hyperglycemia, menstrual discomfort, diabetic complications, and detoxification. The young leaves of this plant are exploited as food and also utilized for traditional medicine in East Asian countries, including Korea and China. Our preliminary study demonstrated that ethanolic extract from the Euonymus alatus leaf (EAE) exhibited the strongest antioxidant enzyme-inducing activity among more than 100 kinds of edible tree leaf extracts. This study investigated whether EAE could attenuate the cognitive deficits caused by oxidative stress in mice. Oral intubation of EAE at 100 mg/kg bw or higher resulted in significant improvements to the memory and behavioral impairment induced via i.p. injection of scopolamine. Furthermore, EAE enhanced the expression levels of hippocampal neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor in mice, activated the Nrf2, and the downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) a quintessential antioxidant enzyme. As rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinose) was abundantly present in EAE and free quercetin was able to induce defensive antioxidant enzymes in an Nrf2-dependent manner, our findings suggested that quercetin derived from rutin via the intestinal microflora played a significant role in the protection of the mouse hippocampus from scopolamine-induced damage through BDNF-mediated Nrf2 activation, thereby dampening cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Woo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Resources Development Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong 36605, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus) and Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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13
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Zhao T, Zhang Y, Mu S, Park JP, Bu H, Leng X, Wang S. Protective effects of genipin on ethanol-induced acute gastric injury in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 867:172800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Ju S, Seo JY, Lee SK, Oh J, Kim JS. Oral administration of hydrolyzed red ginseng extract improves learning and memory capability of scopolamine-treated C57BL/6J mice via upregulation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant mechanism. J Ginseng Res 2019; 45:108-118. [PMID: 33437162 PMCID: PMC7791004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) contains a variety of ginsenosides that can be metabolized to a biologically active substance, compound K. Previous research showed that compound K could be enriched in the red ginseng extract (RGE) after hydrolysis by pectinase. The current study investigated whether the enzymatically hydrolyzed red ginseng extract (HRGE) containing a notable level of compound K has cognitive improving and neuroprotective effects. Methods A scopolamine-induced hypomnesic mouse model was subjected to behavioral tasks, such as the Y-maze, passive avoidance, and the Morris water maze tests. After sacrificing the mice, the brains were collected, histologically examined (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the expressions of antioxidant proteins analyzed by western blot. Results Behavioral assessment indicated that the oral administration of HRGE at a dosage of 300 mg/kg body weight reversed scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits. Histological examination demonstrated that the hippocampal damage observed in scopolamine-treated mouse brains was reduced by HRGE administration. In addition, HRGE administration increased the expression of nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase-1 in hippocampal tissue homogenates. An in vitro assay using HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells demonstrated that HRGE treatment attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion These findings suggest that HRGE administration can effectively alleviate hippocampus-mediated cognitive impairment, possibly through cytoprotective mechanisms, preventing oxidative-stress-induced neuronal cell death via the upregulation of phase 2 antioxidant molecules.
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Key Words
- ABTS, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
- BW, body weight
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8
- Cognition
- DCF, dichlorofluorescein
- DCFH, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- H&E, hematoxylin and eosin
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- HRGE, hydrolyzed red ginseng extract
- KO, knockout
- Korean Red Ginseng
- Learning and memory
- NQO1, NAD(P):quinone oxidoreductase 1
- Neuroprotection
- Nrf2, nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- Pectinase-mediated hydrolysis
- RGE, red ginseng extract
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- WT, wild-type
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghee Ju
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Seo
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kwon Lee
- Ginseng Biotech Research Team, Ilhwa Co. Ltd, Guri, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kim J, Oh J, Averilla JN, Kim HJ, Kim JS, Kim JS. Grape Peel Extract and Resveratrol Inhibit Wrinkle Formation in Mice Model Through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. J Food Sci 2019; 84:1600-1608. [PMID: 31132143 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering the anti-photoaging effect of antioxidant compounds, we investigated the protective capacity of grape peel extract (GPE) and resveratrol on ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin wrinkle formation. Total phenolic, total anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content in GPE prepared from peel of Campbell Early variety were 23.96 ± 0.09, 3.27 ± 0.40, and 1.24 ± 0.09 mg/g dry weight, respectively. Additionally, trans-resveratrol and piceid content of the resulting GPE were 117.14 ± 19.97 and 85.23 ± 8.89 µg/g dry weight, respectively. Oral administration of either 2 g GPE or 2 mg resveratrol per kg body weight in mice attenuated UVB-induced epidermal thickening (the thickness was reduced by about 63% and 55% with GPE and resveratrol consumption prior to exposure to UVB, respectively, compared to only UVB-treated condition) and had marginally protective effect on wrinkle formation of skin exposed to UVB. As introduction of either GPE or resveratrol induced Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in liver and skin as well as inhibited metalloproteinases, it is highly probable that the extract or resveratrol mitigated UVB-induced photoaging through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study proved that resveratrol and the extract of grape peel, a common by-product of grape juice processing, provide effective protection from UV-induced skin wrinkle formation. Therefore, grape peel extract, which contains an appreciable amount of bioactive compound resveratrol, can be utilized as functional food ingredient for the manufacture of inner beauty products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Janice N Averilla
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- National Development Inst. of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Kim
- Dr.Kim's Health Food Corp., Yeongcheon, 38912, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National Univ., Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jeong G, Oh J, Kim JS. Glyceollins Modulate Tumor Development and Growth in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Colon Cancer in a p53-Dependent Manner. J Med Food 2019; 22:521-528. [PMID: 30924710 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceollins are soybean-derived phytoalexins that induce the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, which is involved in the detoxification of carcinogens and the removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent studies, however, have indicated that Nrf2 induction stimulates the development of pre-existing tumors and confers resistance to chemotherapy by elevating drug metabolism and by efficient scavenging of ROS produced by the Warburg effect, which is regulated, in turn, by the p53 tumor suppressor. This study, therefore, aimed at examining whether glyceollins could accelerate tumor growth in the presence of active p53, using a xenograft BALB/c nude mouse model transplanted subcutaneously with p53 wild-type and p53 null HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Glyceollins were orally administered at a dose of either 1 or 4 mg/kg body weight after xenografting HCT116 cells, and tumor growth and volume were monitored for 2 weeks. A high dose of glyceollins resulted in a significant increase in the average volume of p53 wild-type HCT116 xenografts, but not of p53 null HCT116 xenografts. However, a low dose of glyceollins had no effect on the tumor growth regardless of p53 presence. Interestingly, antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, were prominently induced by glyceollins in p53 wild-type xenografts, compared with p53 null xenografts. These results suggest that a high dose of glyceollins possibly promotes the growth of p53 wild-type colon cancer through activation of the Nrf2-mediated signaling pathway and, in particular, strong induction of HO-1 expression. Therefore, the consumption of Nrf2 activators, including glyceollins, should be carefully monitored for patients suffering from certain types of cancer and/or receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gain Jeong
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- 1 School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,2 Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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17
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Oh J, Jang CH, Kim JS. Soy-derived phytoalexins: mechanism of in vivo biological effectiveness in spite of their low bioavailability. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1-6. [PMID: 30815288 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-demonstrated bioefficacy of phytochemicals in spite of their paradoxically low bioavailability has long puzzled scientists. Glyceollins, a family of soy-derived phytoalexins, have been reported to exert a variety of biological effects in vitro and in vivo systems in spite of poor systemic bioavailability after oral administration, suggesting that secondary messengers generated in gastrointestinal tract would transfer signals to target organs and tissues to manifest any effect. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms of how the poorly bioavailable glyceollins could still exert in vivo biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Oh
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 PLUS Program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Ho Jang
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 PLUS Program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 PLUS Program), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea.,2Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
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18
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Lim JS, Oh J, Byeon S, Lee JS, Kim JS. Protective Effect of Dioscorea batatas Peel Extract Against Intestinal Inflammation. J Med Food 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Siyul Byeon
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Lee
- Forest Resources Development Institute of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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19
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Protective Effects of Dioscorea batatas Flesh and Peel Extracts against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111680. [PMID: 30400615 PMCID: PMC6266015 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a major digestive disorder and provoked by multifactorial etiologies, including excessive alcohol consumption. In this study, we examined the gastroprotective effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Dioscorea batatas Decne (DBD; commonly called Chinese yam) flesh or peel against acidified ethanol-induced acute gastric damage in mice. Our findings demonstrated that oral supplementation of aqueous or ethanolic extracts of DBD flesh or peel before ulcer induction was significantly effective in macroscopically and histologically alleviating ethanol-induced pathological lesions in gastric mucosa, decreasing the plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide and interleukin-6, attenuating the gastric expression of cyclooxygenase-2, and increasing the gastric content of prostaglandin E2. In particular, pretreatment with the flesh extract prepared in 60% ethanol prominently decreased the expression of biomarkers of oxidative stress, including the plasma levels of 8-hydroxy-2-guanosine and malondialdehyde, and restored heme oxygenase-1 expression and superoxide dismutase activity in the stomach. Overall, these findings suggest that the oral supplementation with DBD extract, especially flesh ethanol extract, prior to excessive alcohol consumption, may exert a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vivo, presumably through the activation of the antioxidant system and suppression of the inflammatory response.
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20
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Ma X, Hu Y, Li X, Zheng X, Wang Y, Zhang J, Fu C, Geng F. Periplaneta americana Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats by Keap1/Nrf-2 Activation, Intestinal Barrier Function, and Gut Microbiota Regulation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:944. [PMID: 30186174 PMCID: PMC6113651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplaneta americana, a magic medicinal insect being present for over 300 million years, exhibits desirable therapeutic outcome for gastrointestinal ulcer treatment. Nowadays, P. americana ethanol extract (PAE) has been shown to ameliorate ulcerative colitis (UC) by either single-use or in combination with other therapeutic agents in clinics. However, its underlying mechanisms are still seldom known. Herein, we investigated the anti-UC activity of PAE by alleviating intestinal inflammation and regulating the disturbed gut microbiota structure in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rats. Based on multiple constitute analyses by HPLC for quality control, PAE was administrated to DSS-induced UC rats by oral gavage for 2 weeks. The anti-UC effect of PAE was evaluated by inflammatory cytokine production, immunohistochemical staining, and gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing. As a result, PAE remarkably attenuated DSS-induced UC in rats. The colonic inflammatory responses manifested as decreased colonic atrophy, intestinal histopathology scores and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, PAE improved the intestinal barrier function via activating Keap1/Nrf-2 pathway and promoting the expressions of tight junction proteins. It was observed that the UC rats showed symptoms of gut microbial disturbance, i.e., the increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and the significantly decreased probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Pectobacterium, which were negatively correlated with these detected pro-inflammatory cytokines (secreted by immune CD4+ T cells, and including IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, IL-1β). Besides, PAE administration regulated the abnormal intestinal microbial composition and made it similar to that in normal rats. Therefore, PAE could attenuate the DSS-induced UC in rats, by means of ameliorating intestinal inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and regulating the disturbed gut microbiota, especially improving beneficial intestinal flora growth, modulating the flora structure, and restoring the intestinal-immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Zheng
- International Association of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chaomei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Funeng Geng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical American Cockroach, Chengdu, China
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Oh J, Kim J, Jang JH, Lee S, Park CM, Kim WK, Kim JS. Novel (1 E,3 E,5 E)-1,6- bis(Substituted phenyl)hexa-1,3,5-triene Analogs Inhibit Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells and Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041067. [PMID: 29614034 PMCID: PMC5979499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-melanogenic activity of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and its derivatives in B16F10 murine melanoma cells and zebrafish embryos. Twenty five (1E,3E,5E)-1,6-bis(substituted phenyl)hexa-1,3,5-triene analogs were synthesized and their non-cytotoxic effects were predictively analyzed using three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship approach. Inhibitory activities of these synthetic compounds against melanin synthesis were determined by evaluating melanin content and melanogenic regulatory enzyme expression in B16F10 cells. The anti-melanogenic activity was verified by observing body pigmentation in zebrafishes treated with these compounds. Compound #2, #4, and #6 effectively decreased melanogenesis induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. In particular, compound #2 remarkably lowered the mRNA and protein expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and TYRP2 in B16F10 cells and substantially reduced skin pigmentation in the developed larvae of zebrafish. These findings suggest that compound #2 may be used as an anti-melanogenic agent for cosmetic purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Oh
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jungeun Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- System Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Chul Min Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- System Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology (BK21 Plus), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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