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Ang FJL, Cheung YB, Gandhi M, Østbye T, Malhotra C, Malhotra R, Chow CCT, Chong PH, Amin Z, Tan TSZ, Tewani K, Buang SNH, Finkelstein EA. PRECIOUS demonstrated satisfactory measurement properties for assessing the quality of care for children with serious illnesses. J Clin Epidemiol 2024; 168:111286. [PMID: 38382889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the measurement properties of PaRental Experience with care for Children with serIOUS illnesses (PRECIOUS), a parent-reported measure of Quality of Care for seriously ill children across care settings and illness trajectories. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Parents self-administered baseline and 2-week follow-up surveys online. Exploratory Factor Analysis was used to determine PRECIOUS's factor structure and select items. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's α, test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients, and convergent validity with Spearman's correlations between PRECIOUS scales and subscales of Measure of Processes of Care and Quality of Children's Palliative Care Instrument. RESULTS Of 152 parents [108 (71%) mothers, 44 (29%) fathers] who completed the baseline survey, 123 (81%) completed follow-up. Exploratory Factor Analysis grouped PRECIOUS into five scales: collaborative and goal-concordant care (12 items), caregiver support and respectful care (15 items), access to financial and medical resources (five items), reducing caregiving stressors (nine items), and hospitalization-specific processes (four items). Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was 0.040 and Comparative Fit Index was 0.980. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.85 to 0.96. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.86. Significant correlations with Measure of Processes of Care and Quality of Children's Palliative Care Instrument confirmed convergent validity. The original 56-item tool was reduced to 45 items. CONCLUSION PRECIOUS demonstrates satisfactory measurement properties for assessing Quality of Care for seriously ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Jia Ler Ang
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yin Bun Cheung
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Mihir Gandhi
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Tampere Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University, Finland; Biostatistics, Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truls Østbye
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Chetna Malhotra
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rahul Malhotra
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cristelle Chu-Tian Chow
- Children's Complex and Home Care Services, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zubair Amin
- Department of Neonatology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teresa Shu Zhen Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Komal Tewani
- Women's Palliative Care Service, Perinatal Palliative Care, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Nur Hanim Buang
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's & Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Andrew Finkelstein
- Programme in Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Duke Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, USA
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Wong FKY, Ho JMC, Lai TC, Lee LPY, Ho EKY, Lee SWY, Chan SCW, Fung CW, Ho ACH, Li CH, Li CK, Chiu ATG, Tsui KW, Lam KKW. Importance of parental involvement in paediatric palliative care in Hong Kong: qualitative case study. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:130-137. [PMID: 38041663 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and contrast the perceived care needs of children with life-limiting conditions (CLLC) from the perspectives of the children, parents and healthcare providers. DESIGN A qualitative case study method using semistructured interviews was employed with a within-case and across-case analysis. Themes and subthemes emerging from the cases were compared and contrasted in the across-case analysis to explore the similarities and variations in participant perceptions. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS The setting was the paediatric departments of five regional hospitals in Hong Kong. Twenty-five sets of informants (CLLC-parent-healthcare provider) were recruited, with 65 individual interviews conducted. RESULTS A total of 3784 units of analysis were identified, resulting in three themes with subthemes. 'Living with the disease' (55.8%) occupied the largest proportion, followed by 'information and understanding about the disease' (27.4%), and 'care support and palliative care' (16.8%). Healthcare provider support mainly focused on physical concerns. Family and social support were present, but carer stress created tension between couples. Doctors were the primary source of medical information, but the parents had to seek further information via the internet and support from patient groups. There was a perceived need for better coordination and collaboration of care. The palliative care approach coordinated by nurses was seen as helpful in addressing the care needs of the CLLC. CONCLUSIONS This original study identified the importance of palliative care with active engagement of parents which can address the service gap for CLLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tsz Chui Lai
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lilian Po Yee Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Eva Ka Yan Ho
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna Wai Yee Lee
- Nursing Administrative Office, Hong Kong Baptist Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Stephan C W Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk Wing Fung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chak-Ho Li
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Kong Li
- Department of Paediatrics, CUHK Faculty of Medicine, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Annie Ting Gee Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kwing Wan Tsui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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Polakova K, Ahmed F, Vlckova K, Brearley SG. Parents' experiences of being involved in medical decision-making for their child with a life-limiting condition: A systematic review with narrative synthesis. Palliat Med 2024; 38:7-24. [PMID: 38053373 PMCID: PMC10798032 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231214414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental involvement in the decision-making processes about medical treatment for children with life-limiting conditions is recognised as good practice. Previous research highlighted factors affecting the decision-making process, but little is known about how parents experience their participation. AIM To explore how parents experience their participation in the process of decision-making about treatment and future care for their children with life-limiting conditions. DESIGN A systematically constructed review using narrative synthesis. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to report the findings. Databases Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched up to December 2023. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO (RN CRD42021215863). RESULTS From the initial 2512 citations identified, 28 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. A wide range of medical decisions was identified; stopping general or life-sustaining treatment was most frequent. Narrative synthesis revealed six themes: (1) Temporal aspects affecting the experience with decision-making; (2) Losing control of the situation; (3) Transferring the power to decide to doctors; (4) To be a 'good' parent and protect the child; (5) The emotional state of parents and (6) Sources of support to alleviate the parental experience. CONCLUSIONS Parental experiences with decision-making are complex and multifactorial. Parents' ability to effectively participate in the process is limited, as they are not empowered to do so and the circumstances in which the decisions are taking place are challenging. Healthcare professionals need to support parental involvement in an effective way instead of just formally asking them to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Polakova
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Center for Palliative Care, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Sarah G Brearley
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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van Teunenbroek KC, Kremer LCM, Verhagen AAE, Verheijden JMA, Rippen H, Borggreve BCM, Michiels EMC, Mulder RL. Palliative care for children: methodology for the development of a national clinical practice guideline. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:193. [PMID: 38041060 PMCID: PMC10691037 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provision of paediatric palliative care for children with life-threatening or life-limiting conditions and their families is often complex. Guidelines can support professionals to deliver high quality care. Stakeholders expressed the need to update the first Dutch paediatric palliative care guideline with new scientific literature and new topics. This paper provides an overview of the methodology that is used for the revision of the Dutch paediatric palliative care guideline and a brief presentation of the identified evidence. METHODS The revised paediatric palliative care guideline was developed with a multidisciplinary guideline panel of 72 experts in paediatric palliative care and nine (bereaved) parents of children with life-threatening or life-limiting conditions. The guideline covered multiple topics related to (refractory) symptom treatment, advance care planning and shared-decision making, organisation of care, psychosocial care, and loss and bereavement. We established six main working groups that formulated 38 clinical questions for which we identified evidence by updating two existing systematic literature searches. The GRADE (CERQual) methodology was used for appraisal of evidence. Furthermore, we searched for additional literature such as existing guidelines and textbooks to deal with lack of evidence. RESULTS The two systematic literature searches yielded a total of 29 RCTs or systematic reviews of RCTs on paediatric palliative care interventions and 22 qualitative studies on barriers and facilitators of advance care planning and shared decision-making. We identified evidence for 14 out of 38 clinical questions. Furthermore, we were able to select additional literature (29 guidelines, two textbooks, and 10 systematic reviews) to deal with lack of evidence. CONCLUSIONS The revised Dutch paediatric palliative care guideline addresses many topics. However, there is limited evidence to base recommendations upon. Our methodology will combine the existing evidence in scientific literature, additional literature, expert knowledge, and perspectives of patients and their families to provide recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leontien C M Kremer
- Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A A Eduard Verhagen
- Department of Paediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hester Rippen
- Stichting Kind en Ziekenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erna M C Michiels
- Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renée L Mulder
- Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Barrett L, Fraser L, Noyes J, Taylor J, Hackett J. Understanding parent experiences of end-of-life care for children: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. Palliat Med 2023; 37:178-202. [PMID: 36546591 PMCID: PMC9896294 DOI: 10.1177/02692163221144084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 21 million children worldwide would benefit from palliative care input and over 7 million die each year. For parents of these children this is an intensely emotional and painful time through which they will need support. There is a lack of synthesised research about how parents experience the care delivered to their child at the end of life. AIM To systematically identify and synthesise qualitative research on parents' experiences of end-of-life care of their child. DESIGN A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021242946). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases were searched for qualitative studies published post-2000 to April 2020. Studies were appraised for methodological quality and data richness. Confidence in findings was assessed by GRADE-CERQual. RESULTS About 95 studies met the eligibility criteria. A purposive sample of 25 studies was taken, of good-quality papers with rich data describing the experience of over 470 parents. There were two overarching themes: parents of children receiving end-of-life care experienced a profound need to fulfil the parental role; and care of the parent. Subthemes included establishing their role, maintaining identity, ultimate responsibility, reconstructing the parental role, and continuing parenting after death. CONCLUSIONS Services delivering end-of-life care for children need to recognise the importance for parents of being able to fulfil their parental role and consider how they enable this. What the parental role consists of, and how it's expressed, differs for individuals. Guidance should acknowledge the need to enable parents to parent at their child's end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barrett
- Martin House Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Lorna Fraser
- Martin House Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jane Noyes
- School of Social Science, Bangor University, Wales, UK
| | - Jo Taylor
- Martin House Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Julia Hackett
- Martin House Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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Berger I, Krishnasamy M, Thompson K, Celeste T, Joubert L. Service Needs of Parent Caregivers of Adolescents and Young Adults with Incurable Cancer: A Scoping Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2022; 12:133-146. [PMID: 35787154 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) oncology is an internationally recognized established subspecialty in cancer care. Dedicated programs tailored to local environments endeavor to address unique medical, psychological, cognitive, and social needs that historically, health services have been challenged to meet. In recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the challenges facing AYA with incurable cancer and their parent caregivers. While health care professionals recognize the importance of parents' involvement in the care trajectory, there is less understanding of the services needed for support. This scoping review set out to identify and describe evidence available to better understand the services and approaches required from hospital teams to address the needs of parent caregivers and to identify gaps in knowledge to inform areas for further research. The question guiding this review is: What are the service needs of parent carers of AYA with incurable cancer. Using the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework, 1009 studies were identified from a broad search of relevant online databases, gray literature, and reference lists of published studies. After removing duplicates and ineligible studies, 492 abstracts were screened. Of these, 421 were ineligible, and 71 articles underwent full-text review. Eight studies were included in the final review. No single study was focused exclusively on parent caregivers of AYA with incurable cancer, demonstrating a paucity of quantitative and qualitative evidence to inform practice and a need for further research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Berger
- ONTrac at Peter Mac Victorian Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meinir Krishnasamy
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Academic Nursing Unit, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia.,Research and Education Lead-Nursing, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Center Alliance, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate Thompson
- ONTrac at Peter Mac Victorian Adolescent & Young Adult Cancer Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tania Celeste
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynette Joubert
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Dorman J, Raffin Bouchal S, daSilva Curiel K, Miller M. Family experiences with palliative care in freestanding paediatric hospices: a scoping review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2022:bmjspcare-2021-003457. [PMID: 35649715 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric palliative care provides supportive care to children with life-threatening or life-limiting illnesses throughout the disease trajectory. Up to 42% of children receiving palliative care in Canada will die within a freestanding paediatric hospice or designated end-of-life care bed. Few studies have assessed families' experiences of this care within freestanding paediatric hospices. OBJECTIVES To find and describe literature relating to family experiences in paediatric hospice palliative care throughout the end-of-life care journey including grief and bereavement. CRITERIA Inclusion criteria: Children antepartum to 18 years or older if on paediatric palliative care service. Research conducted in freestanding paediatric hospices that focused on families' experiences and perceptions of end-of-life and grief and bereavement care. Full-text articles available in English. EXCLUSION CRITERIA Adult palliative and end-of-life care, respite care, palliative care provided in acute or community settings, professional perspectives, unexpected or sudden child death, pregnancy after loss. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched from database inception until the present. Grey literature was also searched for relevant results. CHARTING METHODS The scoping review was guided by recommendations from Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. RESULTS A total of 4250 papers were retrieved, of which 10 met the scoping review criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in the UK. Three major themes emerged: more supportive care for families including grief and bereavement support, the hospice experience itself and future research areas. CONCLUSIONS There is little literature that focuses specifically on the needs of families within freestanding paediatric hospices. Further examination of the themes identified above provides an opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Megan Miller
- Rotary Flames House, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ekberg S, Bowers A, Bradford N, Ekberg K, Rolfe M, Elvidge N, Cook R, Roberts SJ, Howard C, Agar M, Deleuil R, Fleming S, Hynson J, Jolly A, Heywood M, Waring S, Rice T, Vickery A. Enhancing paediatric palliative care: A rapid review to inform continued development of care for children with life-limiting conditions. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:232-237. [PMID: 34904760 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Following the establishment of paediatric palliative care services over recent decades, this study sought to identify information to inform future policy and practice. METHODS A rapid review using thematic synthesis was conducted to synthesise existing information about improving paediatric palliative care. Information was extracted in relation to key areas for investment and change: quality, access, advance care planning, skills, research, collaboration and community awareness. RESULTS A total of 2228 literature sources were screened, with 369 included. Synthesised information identified clear ways to improve quality of care, access to care, advance care planning, and research and data collection. The synthesis identified knowledge gaps in understanding how to improve skills in paediatric palliative care, collaboration across Australian jurisdictions and community awareness. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review bring together information from a vast range of sources to provide action-oriented information to target investment and change in paediatric palliative care over the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ekberg
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison Bowers
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie Bradford
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katie Ekberg
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melanie Rolfe
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norah Elvidge
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rebecca Cook
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sara-Jane Roberts
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,IMPACCT (Improving Palliative Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation) Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christine Howard
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre, Centre for Healthcare Transformation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meera Agar
- IMPACCT (Improving Palliative Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation) Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Renee Deleuil
- WA Paediatric Palliative Care Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sara Fleming
- Paediatric Palliative Care Service, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jenny Hynson
- Victorian Paediatric Palliative Care Program, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashka Jolly
- Paediatric Palliative Care Service, Centenary Hospital for Women and Children, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Melissa Heywood
- Victorian Paediatric Palliative Care Program, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Waring
- Palliative Care Australia, Griffith, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Toni Rice
- Palliative Care Australia, Griffith, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Annette Vickery
- Palliative Care Australia, Griffith, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Abstract
Purpose of this Review The purpose of this review is to describe the evolution of palliative care in paediatric oncology, the needs of children and their families in a paediatric oncology setting, palliative care referral practices in paediatric oncology, outcomes of palliative care referral in paediatric oncology and models of palliative care in paediatric oncology. Recent Findings Cancer constitutes 5.2% of the palliative care needs in children. Approximately, 90% of children with cancer lives in low and middle-income countries, constituting 84% of the global burden of childhood cancers. Children in low and middle-income countries have low cure rates and high death rates making palliative care relevant in a paediatric oncology setting. Children with cancer experience pain and physical symptoms, low mood, anxiety, and fear. They feel less resilient, experience low self-worth, and have challenges coping with the illness. The families lead very stressful lives, navigating the hospital environment, and dealing with uncertainties of the future. Palliative care referral in children with cancer improves physical symptoms, emotional support, and quality of life. It enables communication between families and health care providers. It improves end-of-life care support to children and their families and facilitates less invasive diagnostic and therapeutic interventions at the end of life. Worldwide children with cancer are infrequently referred to palliative care and referred late in the illness trajectory. Most of the children referred to palliative care receive some form of cancer-directed therapy in their last days. Children in low and low-middle income countries are less likely to access palliative care due to a lack of awareness amongst paediatric oncologists about palliative care and the reduced number of services providing palliative care. A three-tier model is proposed to provide palliative care in paediatric oncology, where most children with palliative care needs are managed by paediatric oncologists and a smaller number with complex physical and psychosocial needs are managed by paediatric palliative care specialists. There are several palliative care models in paediatric oncology practised globally. However, no one model was considered better or superior, and the choice of model depended on the need, preferences identified, and available resources. Summary Children with cancer are sparingly referred to palliative care and referred late and oncologists and haematologists gatekeep the referral process. Knowledge on palliative care referral in paediatric oncology settings might enhance collaboration between paediatric oncology and paediatric palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Sean Hughes
- Division of Health Research, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT UK
| | - Nancy Preston
- Division of Health Research, Health Innovation One, Lancaster University, Sir John Fisher Drive, Lancaster, LA1 4AT UK
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10
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Tutelman PR, Lipak KG, Adewumi A, Fults MZ, Humphrey LM, Gerhardt CA. Concerns of Parents With Children Receiving Home-Based Pediatric Palliative Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 61:705-712. [PMID: 32931905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Caring for a child who will die from a life-limiting illness is one of the most difficult experiences a parent may face. Pediatric palliative care (PPC) has grown as a specialty service to address the unique needs of children and families with serious illness. However, gaps remain between the needs of families in PPC and the support received. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore the concerns of parents who have a child in home-based PPC. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 25 mothers and 10 fathers from 25 families shortly after their child's referral to home-based PPC. Children (57% male, Mage = 10.5 years, SD = 3.95, range = 4-18 years) had a range of diagnoses. Data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS Parents' concerns clustered into four main themes: 1) ensuring that their child's remaining days were spent living well physically, emotionally, and socially; 2) uncertainty regarding their child's diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments; 3) their child's death (e.g., the process of dying and when it will occur); and 4) the family, including the impact of the child's illness and death on siblings and wanting to cherish as much time together with family as possible. CONCLUSION Parents of children receiving home-based PPC expressed concerns across a range of domains, both about their seriously ill child and the broader family. These results highlight salient worries among parents of children in PPC and point to critical areas for intervention for seriously ill children and the broader family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perri R Tutelman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Keagan G Lipak
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aminat Adewumi
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Marci Z Fults
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa M Humphrey
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Lin SC, Huang MC. Consulting with a folk deity before making decisions: spiritual practices in parents facing end-of-life decisions for their child on life support with brain stem dysfunction. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 15:1756686. [PMID: 32340564 PMCID: PMC7241511 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2020.1756686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents with brain stem dysfunction may undergo many invasive treatments, and parents are often faced with making the decision to withdraw treatment. However, in the face of their child’s death, the spiritual practices of parents dealing with end-of-life decision-making remain under investigated. Purpose This study explores the spiritual practices in parents making end-of-life decisions for adolescents on life support with brain stem dysfunction. Method A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted through in-depth interviews with three parents of two adolescents in Taiwan. Data were analysed using Colaizzi’s seven-step protocol. Results Three main themes emerged: (1) faith during decision-making, (2) struggles during decision-making, (3) transformation during decision-making. The findings indicate that “transforming the nature of hope” is the essence of the experience. Conclusion Family-centred care, gaining insight into parental spiritual practices, and developing culturally-appropriate care are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Lin
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chih Huang
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Boyden JY, Ersek M, Deatrick JA, Widger K, LaRagione G, Lord B, Feudtner C. What Do Parents Value Regarding Pediatric Palliative and Hospice Care in the Home Setting? J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 61:12-23. [PMID: 32745574 PMCID: PMC9747513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Children with life-shortening serious illnesses and medically-complex care needs are often cared for by their families at home. Little, however, is known about what aspects of pediatric palliative and hospice care in the home setting (PPHC@Home) families value the most. OBJECTIVES To explore how parents rate and prioritize domains of PPHC@Home as the first phase of a larger study that developed a parent-reported measure of experiences with PPHC@Home. METHODS Twenty domains of high-value PPHC@Home, derived from the National Consensus Project's Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, the literature, and a stakeholder panel, were evaluated. Using a discrete choice experiment, parents provided their ratings of the most and least valued PPHC@Home domains. We also explored potential differences in how subgroups of parents rated the domains. RESULTS Forty-seven parents participated. Overall, highest-rated domains included Physical aspects of care: Symptom management, Psychological/emotional aspects of care for the child, and Care coordination. Lowest-rated domains included Spiritual and religious aspects of care and Cultural aspects of care. In exploratory analyses, parents who had other children rated the Psychological/emotional aspects of care for the sibling(s) domain significantly higher than parents who did not have other children (P = 0.02). Furthermore, bereaved parents rated the Caregiversupportat the end of life domain significantly higher than parents who were currently caring for their child (P = 0.04). No other significant differences in domain ratings were observed. CONCLUSION Knowing what parents value most about PPHC@Home provides the foundation for further exploration and conversation about priority areas for resource allocation and care improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackelyn Y Boyden
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Mary Ersek
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet A Deatrick
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberley Widger
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gwenn LaRagione
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Blyth Lord
- Courageous Parents Network, Newton, MA, USA
| | - Chris Feudtner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Garcia-Quintero X, Parra-Lara LG, Claros-Hulbert A, Cuervo-Suarez MI, Gomez-Garcia W, Desbrandes F, Arias-Casais N. Advancing pediatric palliative care in a low-middle income country: an implementation study, a challenging but not impossible task. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:170. [PMID: 33158421 PMCID: PMC7648318 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disparities in access to pediatric palliative care and pain management in Latin America remains an unaddressed global health issue. Efforts to improve the development of Palliative Care (PC) provision have traditionally targeted services for adults, leaving the pediatric population unaddressed. Examples of such services are scarce and should be portrayed in scientific literature to inform decision-makers and service providers on models of care available to tackle the burden of Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) in Low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of a pediatric palliative care program, "Taking Care of You" (TCY), in a tertiary care, university hospital in Cali, Colombia. METHODS A program's database was built with children between 0 to 18 years old and their families, from year 2017 to 2019. Descriptive analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of the program and service delivery. A theory-based method was directed to describe the PPC program, according to the implementation of self-designed taxonomy, mapping theoretical levels and domains. Clinical outcomes in patients were included in the analysis. RESULTS Since 2017 the program has provided PPC services to 1.965 children. Most of them had an oncologic diagnosis and were referred from hospitalization services (53%). The number of ambulatory patients increased by 80% every trimester between 2017 and 2018. A 50% increase was reported in hospitalization, emergency, and intensive care units during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS The program addressed a gap in the provision of PPC to children in Cali. It shows effective strategies used to implement a PPC program and how the referral times, coordination of care, communication with other hospital services were improved while providing compassionate/holistic care to children with life-limiting and threatening diseases and in end-of-life. The implementation of this program has required the onset of specific strategies and arrangements to promote awareness and education proving it a hard task, yet not impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Garcia-Quintero
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Pediatric Palliative Care , Cra 98 # 18 -49, Cali, 760032, Colombia.
| | - Luis Gabriel Parra-Lara
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 #, 122-135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Angelica Claros-Hulbert
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Pediatric Palliative Care , Cra 98 # 18 -49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Maria Isabel Cuervo-Suarez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Pediatric Palliative Care , Cra 98 # 18 -49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Wendy Gomez-Garcia
- Dr. Robert Reid Cabral Children's Hospital, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Francois Desbrandes
- Pediatric Oncology My Child Matters Program, Pediatric Oncology, Lyon, France
| | - Natalia Arias-Casais
- ATLANTES Global Observatory for Palliative Care, Instituto Cultura y Sociedad (ICS), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Leemann T, Bergstraesser E, Cignacco E, Zimmermann K. Differing needs of mothers and fathers during their child's end-of-life care: secondary analysis of the "Paediatric end-of-life care needs" (PELICAN) study. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:118. [PMID: 32753031 PMCID: PMC7405340 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mothers and fathers are severely challenged when providing care for their terminally ill child at end of life. Caregiving needs have been studied predominantly in mothers. Differences in caregiving needs between mothers and fathers during their child’s end of life have not, however, been explored so far. This knowledge is of importance to best meet individual parental needs in paediatric end-of-life care. Methods Secondary analysis of a quantitative survey on parental needs during their child’s last 4 weeks of life, collected in the Swiss multicentre “Paediatric End-of-Life Care Needs” (PELICAN) study. Caregiving needs of mothers and fathers (parental dyad) who had lost a child due to a cardiological, neurological or oncological disease or during the neonatal period in the years 2011–2012 were retrospectively assessed using a questionnaire representing six evidence-based quality domains of paediatric palliative and end-of-life care. Results Seventy-eight parental dyads were included in this analysis. Differences between mothers and fathers were mostly found around needs to be supported as a family. In all, 28 out of 34 needs-related questionnaire items were scored higher by mothers than by fathers, indicating higher importance for that need to be met. The results indicate that these differences might relate to different caregiving roles and gender-specific coping strategies. Conclusions To best meet parental needs in paediatric end-of-life care, particular attention should be paid to both mothers and fathers and their specific caregiving roles, as differences in these roles might influence their needs in this exceptional situation. Therefore, healthcare professionals should identify how parental dyads mutually navigate care for their sick child to best meet their needs in support. Additionally, mothers and fathers should be supported in their individual coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Leemann
- School of Human Medicine, University of Zurich Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Bergstraesser
- Paediatric Palliative Care and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Eva Cignacco
- Department of Health Professions, Berne University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Karin Zimmermann
- Paediatric Palliative Care and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland. .,Department Public Health - Nursing Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
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Efficacy of the Paediatrics Palliative Care Team of Murcia according to the experience of the parents. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Plaza Fornieles M, García-Marcos Barbero P, Galera Miñarro AM, Barbieri G, Bellavia N, Bermúdez Cortés MDM, Navarro Mingorance Á. [Efficacy of the Paediatrics Palliative Care Team of Murcia according to the experience of the parents]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:4-15. [PMID: 31427213 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The care at the end of children's lives must be sensitive to the needs of the child and their family. An understanding of the illness is required from the perspective of parents faced with the death of their child, in order to improve quality and guide the development of end-of-life care in Paediatrics. METHOD A retrospective observational study was conducted between June 2014 and June 2017 using a questionnaire, to assess the needs, experiences, and satisfaction with the care received, from a sample of parents who lost a child due to a foreseeable cause. Three different study groups were formed based on the team responsible for end-of-life care, and an analysis was carried out on the differences between the group treated by the paediatric palliative care team, the group attended by non-palliative paediatricians, and the neonatal group. RESULTS Of the 80 eligible families, 64 could be contacted, and 28 (43.8%) finally completed the questionnaire. Our study shows positive experiences and high satisfaction of parents with the care received at the end of their child's life. The highest scores in experiences and satisfaction were given by the parents of the children served by the paediatric palliative care team, with statistically significant differences in family support, communication, shared decision making, and bereavement support (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Parents are satisfied with the care received at the end of their children's lives, but the intervention of a specific paediatric palliative care team improves the quality of care at the end of life in paediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Plaza Fornieles
- Sección de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España.
| | | | - Ana María Galera Miñarro
- Sección de Oncohematología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
| | - Giorgio Barbieri
- Sección de Radiología Intervencionista, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, España
| | - Noemi Bellavia
- Departamento de Ciencias Quirúrgicas, Trasplante de Órganos y Tecnología Avanzadas, Hospital Universitario Policlínico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italia
| | | | - Álvaro Navarro Mingorance
- Sección de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España
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Plessis J, Stones D, Meiring M. Family experiences of oncological palliative and supportive care in children: can we do better? Int J Palliat Nurs 2020; 25:421-430. [PMID: 31585056 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2019.25.9.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Families were interviewed as a quality improvement assessment for palliative and supportive care services for children. METHODS This exploratory qualitative study of family members of children with cancer was conducted at an academic hospital in central South Africa and a grounded theory approach was used. Face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured interview guide were conducted with 16 family members of 16 children. FINDINGS Parents felt supported by the healthcare professionals who were caring for their child, but several shortcomings were identified. These included erratic psychosocial support, minimal financial support and poor parental access to basic needs and food provision, preventable errors in procedures and a lack of support available for siblings. It is also worth noting that healthcare professionals did not always seem sufficiently equipped to attend to palliative care patients. CONCLUSION Strategies to improve supportive and palliative care are needed for children with cancer and their families in a hospital setting. The interviews identified a number of themes and current shortcomings that should be considered to improve services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plessis
- Lecturer/Specialist, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - David Stones
- Head of Clinical Unit, Paediatric Haematology/Oncology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Michelle Meiring
- Course Convenor, Senior Lecturer Post Graduate Diploma in Paediatric Palliative Care, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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Shiraishi N, Reilly J. Positive and negative impacts of schizophrenia on family caregivers: a systematic review and qualitative meta-summary. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:277-290. [PMID: 30349961 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Schizophrenia places a heavy burden on the individual with the disorder, as well as on his or her family; this burden continues over the long course of the disease. This study aimed to provide an overview of the positive and negative impacts of schizophrenia on family caregivers. METHODS From April to June 2017, two investigators conducted a systematic review and meta-summary of studies obtained from five electronic databases and the footnotes and citations of eligible studies. Qualitative studies that explored the experiences of family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia were included. Study findings published between 1993 and 2017 were extracted and synthesised using narrative and summative approaches. RESULTS After the removal of duplicates, independent reviewers screened 864 records. Subsequently, 46 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 23 papers were included in the synthesis. Negative impacts identified were traumatic experiences, loss of expectation of life and health, lack of personal and social resources, uncertainty and unpredictability, family disruption, conflict in interpersonal relationships, difficulty in understanding, and stigma and heredity. Meanwhile, the positive impacts identified were family solidarity, admiration, affirmation, affection, compassion, learning knowledge and skills, self-confidence, personal growth, and appreciation. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the studies suggested that family members of individuals with schizophrenia face a series of traumatic situations during the course of the illness. Their subsequent experiences can be conceptualised as a continuous circle of caregiving, in which the positive impacts can be centrally positioned within the negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Jacqueline Reilly
- Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RZ, UK
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Das A, Bharti B, Malhi P, Singhi S. End-of-Life Milieu of Critically Sick Children Admitted to a Pediatric Hospital: A Comparative Study of Survivors versus Nonsurvivors. Indian J Palliat Care 2019; 25:550-555. [PMID: 31673211 PMCID: PMC6812426 DOI: 10.4103/ijpc.ijpc_60_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe end-of-life (EOL) milieu among caregivers of children who died in the hospital and to compare their psychosocial, spiritual, and financial concerns with caregivers of children who survived. Materials and Methods: Sixty caregivers of children (30 survivors and 30 nonsurvivors), admitted in the pediatric intensive care unit and general pediatric unit, were recruited over a period of 1 year. Mixed qualitative methods were used to collect information from parents on EOL care perspectives. Results: Demographic, disease, and treatment-related characteristics were not significantly different between nonsurvivor and survivor groups. The caregivers of nonsurvivors versus survivors showed no significant differences as regards optimal care (76.67% vs. 56.67%), social support (76.6% vs. 66.67%), and frequent recitation of scriptures (30.77% vs. 45.83%). Mean medical expenditure among children receiving EOL care was Rs. 40,883 (range: Rs. 800–5 lakhs). Regression results revealed that for every 1 day of increase in hospital stay, cost of hospitalization for dying children increased by Rs. 3000 (P = 0.0001). Medical insurance was reported by only minority of the cases (5%). Several themes emerged in the focus group discussions with care providers which highlighted the importance of communication and need for emotional, social, and financial support. EOL decision was taken in only two of the nonsurviving children. Conclusions: The study offers useful insight about social, financial, and religious “end-of-life” needs among terminally sick children and thereby sensitizes the health-care providers to optimize their care at this niche period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Das
- Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhavneet Bharti
- Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prahbhjot Malhi
- Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunit Singhi
- Advanced Pediatrics Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Namisango E, Bristowe K, Allsop MJ, Murtagh FEM, Abas M, Higginson IJ, Downing J, Harding R. Symptoms and Concerns Among Children and Young People with Life-Limiting and Life-Threatening Conditions: A Systematic Review Highlighting Meaningful Health Outcomes. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2018; 12:15-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-018-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Researching children's perspectives in pediatric palliative care: A systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative research. Palliat Support Care 2018; 17:107-118. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951518000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveQualitative research is pivotal in gaining understanding of individuals’ experiences in pediatric palliative care. In the past few decades, the number of qualitative studies on pediatric palliative care has increased slightly, as has interest in qualitative research in this area. Nonetheless, a limited number of such studies have included the first-person perspective of children. The aim of this article is to understand the contribution of previous qualitative research on pediatric palliative care that included the voices of children.MethodA systematic review of qualitative studies and a meta-summary were conducted. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and ERIC were searched without limitations on publication date or language. Eligible articles were qualitative research articles in which the participants were children ranging in age from 3 to 18 years.ResultWe retrieved 16 qualitative research articles reporting on 12 unique studies, and we selected two mixed-method articles. The meta-summary shows eight themes: the relationship with professional caregivers, pain and its management, “living beyond pain,” the relationship between pediatric patients and their families, children's view on their treatment and service provision, meanings children give to their end-of-life situation, consequences of clinical decisions, and the relationships among children in pediatric palliative care and their peers.Significance of resultsThis meta-summary presents the “state of the art” of pediatric palliative care qualitative research on children and highlights additional research areas that warrant qualitative study.
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Ekberg S, Bradford N, Herbert A, Danby S, Yates P. Healthcare users' experiences of communicating with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions: a qualitative systematic review protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:33-42. [PMID: 26657462 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize the best international qualitative evidence on healthcare users' experiences of communication with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions. For the purposes of this review, "healthcare users" will be taken to include children who have life-limiting conditions and their families. The question to be addressed is:What are healthcare users' experiences of communicating with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions? BACKGROUND The prospect of the death of a child from an incurable medical condition is harrowing, yet finding a way to discuss this prospect is crucial to maximize the quality of life for such children and their families. High-quality communication is well recognized as a core skill health care professionals need to maximize the quality of care they provide. This skill is valued by service users, who consistently rate it as one of the highest priorities for the care they receive. Evidence suggests, however, that healthcare professionals can feel ill-equipped or uncomfortable communicating with and about such children. Therefore, it is important to understand what represents high-quality communication and what is involved in accomplishing this within pediatric palliative care.In recent decades there has been an increased focus on providing palliative care for children who have life-limiting conditions. These are conditions for which no cure is available and for which the probable outcome is premature death. Palliative care may also be appropriate for children who have life-threatening conditions; these are conditions where there is not only a high probability of premature death but also a chance of long-term survival into adulthood Although pediatric palliative care is underpinned by the same philosophy as adult palliative care, children who have life-limiting conditions and their families have particular needs that distinguish them from users of adult palliative care. For example, at a physical level children are more likely than adults to have non-malignant conditions that follow trajectories in which children oscillate between feeling relatively well and acutely unwell. The social dynamic of their care is also radically different, particularly given the role of parents or guardians in making surrogate decisions about their child's care. Such factors warrant considering pediatric palliative care as distinct from palliative care more generally.Although the particular circumstances of children who have life-limiting conditions have led to development of pediatric palliative care, the particular provisions of this care differs among countries. One aspect of variation is the age range of patients. Pediatric palliative care is usually provided to neonates, infants, children, adolescents and young adults, but international variations in the definitions of these age ranges, particularly for adolescents and young adults, means pediatric palliative care is provided to different age groups in different countries. This review therefore adopts a pragmatic rather than an age-based definition of a pediatric palliative care, considering all studies relating to service users who are being cared for by pediatric rather than adult healthcare services.In catering for the unique needs of children who have life-limiting conditions and their families, pediatric palliative care aims to achieve pain and symptom management, enhanced dignity and quality of life, and psychosocial and spiritual care. It also seeks to incorporate care for patients' broader families and facilitating access to appropriate services and support. High-quality communication is crucial for achieving these aims. It enables healthcare users and providers to make decisions that underpin the care that is provided and the quality of the life that is possible for patients and their families.Although both users and providers recognize the value of high-quality communication with and about children who have life-limiting conditions, this does not mean that these stakeholders necessarily share the same perspective of what constitutes high-quality communication and the best way of accomplishing this. Focusing on healthcare users' experiences of communication with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions, the present review will explore the subjective impact of professionals' communication on the people for whom they provide care.It may be necessary to consider a range of contextual factors to understand healthcare users' experiences of communicating with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions. For instance, age, developmental stage, cognitive capacity, emotional and social strengths, and family dynamics can influence a child's level of involvement in discussions about their condition and care. Although there are factors that appear more consistent across the range of pediatric palliative care users, such as parents' preferences for being treated by healthcare professionals as partners in making decisions about the care of their child, there is not always such consistency. Nor is it clear whether such findings can be generalized across different cultural contexts. In appraising existing research, this systematic review will therefore consider the relationship between the context of individual studies and their reported findings.The primary aim of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize existing qualitative evidence of healthcare users' experiences of communicating with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions. The review will consider relevant details of these findings, particularly whether factors like age are relevant for understanding particular experiences of communication. An outcome of this review will be the identification of best available qualitative evidence that can be used to inform professional practice, as well as an identification of priorities for future research in pediatric palliative care.A preliminary search in MEDLINE and CINAHL found primary studies exploring healthcare users' experiences of aspects of communicating with healthcare professionals about children who have life-limiting conditions. A search was also conducted for existing systematic reviews in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, and PROSPERO. No systematic reviews on this topic were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ekberg
- 1 School of Nursing and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia2 School of Early Childhood and Health and Wellbeing and Happiness Program, Child and Youth Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia3 Center for Evidence Based Healthy Ageing: an Affiliate Center of the Joanna Briggs Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia4 Center for Online Health, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia5 Pediatric Palliative Care Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Erikson A, Davies B. Maintaining Integrity: How Nurses Navigate Boundaries in Pediatric Palliative Care. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 35:42-49. [PMID: 28728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how nurses manage personal and professional boundaries in caring for seriously ill children and their families. DESIGN AND METHODS Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, a convenience sample of 18 registered nurses from four practice sites was interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. RESULTS Nurses across the sites engaged in a process of maintaining integrity whereby they integrated two competing, yet essential, aspects of their nursing role - behaving professionally and connecting personally. When skillful in both aspects, nurses were satisfied that they provided high-quality, family-centered care to children and families within a clearly defined therapeutic relationship. At times, tension existed between these two aspects and nurses attempted to mitigate the tension. Unsuccessful mitigation attempts led to compromised integrity characterized by specific behavioral and emotional indicators. Successfully mitigating the tension with strategies that prioritized their own needs and healing, nurses eventually restored integrity. Maintaining integrity involved a continuous effort to preserve completeness of both oneself and one's nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS Study findings provide a theoretical conceptualization to describe the process nurses use in navigating boundaries and contribute to an understanding for how this specialized area of care impacts health care providers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Work environments can better address the challenges of navigating boundaries through offering resources and support for nurses' emotional responses to caring for seriously ill children. Future research can further refine and expand the theoretical conceptualization of maintaining integrity presented in this paper and its potential applicability to other nursing specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Erikson
- School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Betty Davies
- School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Mullen JE, Reynolds MR, Larson JS. Caring for Pediatric Patients' Families at the Child's End of Life. Crit Care Nurse 2017; 35:46-55; quiz 56. [PMID: 26628545 DOI: 10.4037/ccn2015614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Nurses play an important role in supporting families who are faced with the critical illness and death of their child. Grieving families desire compassionate, sensitive care that respects their wishes and meets their needs. Families often wish to continue relationships and maintain lasting connections with hospital staff following their child's death. A structured bereavement program that supports families both at the end of their child's life and throughout their grief journey can meet this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi E Mullen
- Jodi E. Mullen is a clinical leader, pediatric intensive care unit, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, Florida.Melissa R. Reynolds is a nurse manager, pediatric intensive care unit, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital.Jennifer S. Larson is an advanced hospice and palliative social worker in pediatric hematology/oncology, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital.
| | - Melissa R Reynolds
- Jodi E. Mullen is a clinical leader, pediatric intensive care unit, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, Florida.Melissa R. Reynolds is a nurse manager, pediatric intensive care unit, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital.Jennifer S. Larson is an advanced hospice and palliative social worker in pediatric hematology/oncology, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital
| | - Jennifer S Larson
- Jodi E. Mullen is a clinical leader, pediatric intensive care unit, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital, Gainesville, Florida.Melissa R. Reynolds is a nurse manager, pediatric intensive care unit, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital.Jennifer S. Larson is an advanced hospice and palliative social worker in pediatric hematology/oncology, University of Florida Health, Shands Children's Hospital
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Liossi C, Anderson AK, Howard RF. Development of research priorities in paediatric pain and palliative care. Br J Pain 2017; 11:9-15. [PMID: 28386399 PMCID: PMC5370623 DOI: 10.1177/2049463716668906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Priority setting for healthcare research is as important as conducting the research itself because rigorous and systematic processes of priority setting can make an important contribution to the quality of research. This project aimed to prioritise clinical therapeutic uncertainties in paediatric pain and palliative care in order to encourage and inform the future research agenda and raise the profile of paediatric pain and palliative care in the United Kingdom. Clinical therapeutic uncertainties were identified and transformed into patient, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) format and prioritised using a modified Nominal Group Technique. Members of the Clinical Studies Group in Pain and Palliative Care within National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Clinical Research Network (CRN)-Children took part in the prioritisation exercise. There were 11 clinically active professionals spanning across a wide range of paediatric disciplines and one parent representative. The top three research priorities related to establishing the safety and efficacy of (1) gabapentin in the management of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics, (2) intravenous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the management of post-operative pain in pre-schoolers and (3) different opioid formulations in the management of acute pain in children while at home. Questions about the long-term effect of psychological interventions in the management of chronic pain and various pharmacological interventions to improve pain and symptom management in palliative care were among the 'top 10' priorities. The results of prioritisation were included in the UK Database of Uncertainties about the Effects of Treatments (DUETS) database. Increased awareness of priorities and priority-setting processes should encourage clinicians and other stakeholders to engage in such exercises in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Liossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Paediatric Psychology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna-Karenia Anderson
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, UK
- Shooting Star Chase Children’s Hospice, Guildford, UK
| | - Richard F Howard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Ferrell B, Wittenberg E, Battista V, Walker G. Nurses' Experiences of Spiritual Communication with Seriously III Children. J Palliat Med 2016; 19:1166-1170. [PMID: 27754765 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2016.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore nurse experiences in communication with children about spiritual topics in order to develop training in this area. BACKGROUND Although spiritual care is essential in pediatric palliative care, few providers receive training about communication with ill children about spirituality. METHODS Researchers developed a brief survey to prompt nurses to reflect on pediatric palliative care experiences that included spiritual discussions. Nurses attending training courses voluntarily submitted stories. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed by members of the research team, consisting of two researchers with expertise in palliative care, spirituality, and communication and two expert pediatric palliative care clinicians. RESULTS Nurses' spiritual conversations with children revealed that children question God and the reason for their illness, have a desire to talk about the afterlife as a way of understanding their limited lifespan, and to share descriptions of an afterlife, in these cases described as heaven. Nurses conveyed the importance of being present and engaging in spiritual communication with children. DISCUSSION Communication training is needed and should prepare providers to respond to a child's spiritual questioning, assist parents when the child initiates discussion about the afterlife, and help parent and child understand the spiritual meaning of their illness. Chaplains serve as spiritual care experts and can help train nurses to screen for spiritual distress, have greater competence in spiritual communication, and to collaborate with chaplains in care. Quality palliative care is incomplete without attention to spiritual care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Ferrell
- 1 Division of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California
| | - Elaine Wittenberg
- 1 Division of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California
| | - Vanessa Battista
- 2 Clinical Faculty, Boston College William F. Connell, School of Nursing, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gay Walker
- 3 Hospice and Pediatric Palliative Care, Providence Trinity Care Hospice , Torrance, California
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The needs of siblings of children with a life-threatening illness, part 2: Psychometric validation of the IBesFEMS. Palliat Support Care 2016; 15:20-31. [PMID: 27230818 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951516000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Life-threatening illnesses in children have a significant impact on the lives of their brothers and sisters. Consequently, special attention must be paid to the specific needs of these siblings to help them cope with their situations. To address this issue, we developed an inventory of the needs of the adolescent siblings of severely ill children, the Inventaire des Besoins de la Fratrie d'Enfants Malades Sévèrement (IBesFEMS) [Needs Inventory for Siblings of Critically Ill Children]. The present article describes a preliminary validation study of this new instrument. METHOD In a prospective cohort study, the 48-item instrument was administered via a website or paper to 58 siblings. RESULTS Our study revealed that the measure has an estimated internal consistency of 0.96 and a temporal stability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.86 (p < 0.01). Its convergence validity is also satisfactory. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Our findings suggest that the IBesFEMS is highly relevant for pediatric palliative care clinicians and researchers. Future studies should investigate its factorial structure and predictive validities.
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Lindley LC, Held ML, Henley KM, Miller KA, Pedziwol KE, Rumley LE. Nursing Unit Environment Associated with Provision of Language Services in Pediatric Hospices. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2016; 4:252-258. [PMID: 27059050 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Provision of language services in pediatric hospice enables nurses to communicate effectively with patients who have limited English proficiency. Language barriers contribute to ethnic disparities in health care. While language service use corresponds with improved patient comprehension of illness and care options, we lack an understanding of how the nurse work environment affects the provision of these services. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey and included a study sample of 1251 pediatric hospice agencies. Variable selection was guided by structural contingency theory, which posits that organizational effectiveness is dependent upon how well an organization's structure relates to its context. Using multivariate logistic regression, we analyzed the extent to which nursing unit environment predicted provision of translation services and interpreter services. RESULTS The majority of hospices provided translation services (74.9 %) and interpreter services (87.1 %). Four variables predicted translation services: registered nurse (RN) unit size, RN leadership, RN medical expertise, and for-profit status. RN medical expertise and having a safety climate within the hospice corresponded with provision of interpreter services. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that nursing unit environment predicts provision of language services. Hospices with more specialized RNs and a stronger safety climate might include staffs who are dedicated to best care provision, including language services. This study provides valuable data on the nurse work environment as a predictor of language services provision, which can better serve patients with limited English proficiency and ultimately reduce ethnic disparities in end-of-life care for children and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Lindley
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Mary L Held
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen M Henley
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Kathryn A Miller
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Katherine E Pedziwol
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Laurie E Rumley
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1200 Volunteer Blvd., Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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Zimmermann K, Bergstraesser E, Engberg S, Ramelet AS, Marfurt-Russenberger K, Von der Weid N, Grandjean C, Fahrni-Nater P, Cignacco E. When parents face the death of their child: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of parental perspectives on their child's end-of life care. BMC Palliat Care 2016; 15:30. [PMID: 26956995 PMCID: PMC4784404 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-016-0098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents facing the death of their child have a strong need for compassionate professional support. Care services should be based on empirical evidence, be sensitive to the needs of the families concerned, take into account the heterogeneity within the medical field of paediatrics, and fit into the local health care system. We need to better understand the perspectives of parents facing the death of their child in order to guide further development and evaluation of specialised paediatric palliative and end-of-life (EOL) care services. METHODS Questionnaire survey to assess the EOL care perspectives of a Swiss population-based sample of bereaved parents who had lost a child due to a cardiac, neurological or oncological condition, or during the neonatal period in the years 2011 or 2012. The parental perspective was assessed with a newly developed and tested instrument that was structured according to six evidence-based quality domains. Responses regarding parental experiences and perceived satisfaction are described. Differences between the four diagnostic groups are analysed using a generalized estimation equation to account for the dyadic data structure. RESULTS Of 307 eligible families, 267 could be contacted and 135 (51%) consented to participate in this questionnaire survey. Our findings show positive parental experiences of their child's EOL care and high perceived satisfaction with the care their child received. Parents of a child with cancer rated their experiences highest in most of the six quality domains and reported the highest satisfaction with care. The lowest scores were mainly reported by parents from the neurology group, with the exception of the shared decision making domain, where parents of neonates reported significantly less positive experiences. CONCLUSIONS Although positive in general, our study results suggest some areas for improvement. The integration of specialised paediatric palliative care has the potential to minimise lost opportunities to support and assist parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Zimmermann
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Eva Bergstraesser
- Paediatric Palliative Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra Engberg
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Anne-Sylvie Ramelet
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare - IUFRS, University of Lausanne, Route de la Corniche 10, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Paediatric Department, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Nicolas Von der Weid
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, University Children's Hospital UKBB, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Chantal Grandjean
- Paediatric Department, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Fahrni-Nater
- Paediatric Palliative Care Team, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 21, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Eva Cignacco
- Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 28, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Research in Midwifery, University of Applied Sciences Bern, Health Division, Bern, Switzerland.
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Rahimzadeh V, Bartlett G, Longo C, Crimi L, Macdonald ME, Jabado N, Ells C. Promoting an ethic of engagement in pediatric palliative care research. BMC Palliat Care 2015; 14:50. [PMID: 26474573 PMCID: PMC4608148 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-015-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper defends the ethical and empirical significance of direct engagement with terminally ill children and adolescents in PPC research on health-related quality of life. Clinical trials and other forms of health research have resulted in tremendous progress for improving clinical outcomes among children and adolescents diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. Less attention has been paid, however, to engaging this patient population directly in studies aimed at optimizing health-related quality of life in PPC. Though not restricted to care at the end of life, PPC—and by extension PPC research—is in part dependent on recognizing the social complexities of death and dying and where health-related quality of life is a fundamental element. To explore these complexities in depth requires partnership with terminally ill children and adolescents, and acknowledgement of their active social and moral agency in research. Discussion Principles of pediatric research ethics, theoretical tenets of the “new sociology of the child(hood),” and human rights codified in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) underpin the position that a more engagement-centered approach is needed in PPC research. The ethics, sociologies and human rights of engagement will each be discussed as they relate to research with terminally ill children and adolescents in PPC. Qualitative method(ologies) presented in this paper, such as deliberative stakeholder consultations and phenomenology of practice can serve as meaningful vehicles for achieving i) participation among terminally ill children and adolescents; ii) evidence-bases for PPC best practices; and iii) fulfillment of research ethics principles. Conclusion PPC research based on direct engagement with PPC patients better reflects their unique expertise and social epistemologies of terminal illness. Such an approach to research would strengthen both the ethical and methodological soundness of HRQoL inquiry in PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Rahimzadeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Gillian Bartlett
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Cristina Longo
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Laura Crimi
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5858 Côte-des-Neiges, Suite 300, Montréal, QC, H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Macdonald
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Pediatric Palliative Care Research, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, #530-2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, 1001 Décarie Boulevard, Montreal, H4A 3J1, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ells
- Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, 3647 Peel St, Montreal, QC, H3A 1X1, Canada
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Baker JN, Levine DR, Hinds PS, Weaver MS, Cunningham MJ, Johnson L, Anghelescu D, Mandrell B, Gibson DV, Jones B, Wolfe J, Feudtner C, Friebert S, Carter B, Kane JR. Research Priorities in Pediatric Palliative Care. J Pediatr 2015; 167:467-70.e3. [PMID: 26028284 PMCID: PMC4516589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize the perspectives of a broad range of pediatric palliative care (PPC) clinicians and parents, to formulate a consensus on prioritization of the PPC research agenda. STUDY DESIGN A 4-round modified Delphi online survey was administered to PPC experts and to parents of children who had received PPC. In round 1, research priorities were generated spontaneously. Rounds 2 and 3 then served as convergence rounds to synthesize priorities. In round 4, participants were asked to rank the research priorities that had reached at least 80% consensus. RESULTS A total of 3093 concepts were spontaneously generated by 170 experts and 72 parents in round 1 (65.8% response rate [RR]). These concepts were thematically organized into 78 priorities and recirculated for round 2 ratings (n = 130; 53.7% RR). Round 3 achieved response stability, with 31 consensus priorities oscillating within 10% of the mode (n = 98; 75.4% RR). Round 4 resulted in consensus recognition of 20 research priorities, which were thematically grouped as decision making, care coordination, symptom management, quality improvement, and education. CONCLUSIONS This modified Delphi survey used professional and parental consensus to identify preeminent PPC research priorities. Attentiveness to these priorities may help direct resources and efforts toward building a formative evidence base. Investigating PPC implementation approaches and outcomes can help improve the quality of care services for children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Baker
- Department of Oncology and Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.
| | - Deena R Levine
- Department of Oncology and Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Pamela S Hinds
- Department of Nursing Research and Quality Outcomes, Center for Translational Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Meaghann S Weaver
- Department of Oncology and Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Melody J Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Liza Johnson
- Department of Oncology and Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Doralina Anghelescu
- Department of Oncology and Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Belinda Mandrell
- Division of Nursing Research, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Deborah V Gibson
- Department of Oncology and Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Barbara Jones
- School of Social Work, University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Department of Psychosocial and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chris Feudtner
- Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah Friebert
- Haslinger Division of Pediatric Palliative Care, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Brian Carter
- Departments of Neonatology and Bioethics, Mercy Hospital Center and Clinics, Kansas City, KS
| | - Javier R Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, McLane Children's Hospital and Clinics, Baylor Scott & White Health, and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX
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Madden K, Wolfe J, Collura C. Pediatric Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2015; 27:341-54. [PMID: 26333755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnc.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The chronicity of illness that afflicts children in Pediatric Palliative Care and the medical technology that has improved their lifespan and quality of life make prognostication extremely difficult. The uncertainty of prognostication and the available medical technologies make both the neonatal intensive care unit and the pediatric intensive care unit locations where many children will receive Pediatric Palliative Care. Health care providers in the neonatal intensive care unit and pediatric intensive care unit should integrate fundamental Pediatric Palliative Care principles into their everyday practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Madden
- Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Pediatric Palliative Care, Pediatric Palliative Care Service, Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Children's Hospital Boston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, DA2-012, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher Collura
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Widger K, Tourangeau AE, Steele R, Streiner DL. Initial development and psychometric testing of an instrument to measure the quality of children's end-of-life care. BMC Palliat Care 2015; 14:1. [PMID: 25620884 PMCID: PMC4305389 DOI: 10.1186/1472-684x-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The field of pediatric palliative care is hindered by the lack of a well-defined, reliable, and valid method for measuring the quality of end-of-life care. Methods The study purpose was to develop and test an instrument to measure mothers’ perspectives on the quality of care received before, at the time of, and following a child’s death. In Phase 1, key components of quality end-of-life care for children were synthesized through a comprehensive review of research literature. These key components were validated in Phase 2 and then extended through focus groups with bereaved parents. In Phase 3, items were developed to assess structures, processes, and outcomes of quality end-of-life care then tested for content and face validity with health professionals. Cognitive testing was conducted through interviews with bereaved parents. In Phase 4, bereaved mothers were recruited through 10 children’s hospitals/hospices in Canada to complete the instrument, and psychometric testing was conducted. Results Following review of 67 manuscripts and 3 focus groups with 10 parents, 141 items were initially developed. The overall content validity index for these items was 0.84 as rated by 7 health professionals. Based on feedback from health professionals and cognitive testing with 6 parents, a 144-item instrument was finalized for further testing. In Phase 4, 128 mothers completed the instrument, 31 of whom completed it twice. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were demonstrated for six subscales: Connect With Families, Involve Parents, Share Information With Parents, Share Information Among Health Professionals, Support Parents, and Provide Care at Death. Additional items with content validity were grouped in four domains: Support the Child, Support Siblings, Provide Bereavement Follow-up, and Structures of Care. Forty-eight items were deleted through psychometric testing, leaving a 95-item instrument. Conclusions There is good initial evidence for the reliability and validity of this new quality of end-of-life care instrument as a mechanism for evaluative feedback to health professionals, health systems, and policy makers to improve children’s end-of-life care. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-684X-14-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Widger
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 130-155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8 Canada
| | - Ann E Tourangeau
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 130-155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8 Canada
| | - Rose Steele
- York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - David L Streiner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7 Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
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Reid T, O'Riordan DL, Mazzini A, Bruno KA, Pantilat SZ. Pediatric Palliative Care Consultation Services in California Hospitals. J Palliat Med 2014; 17:1306-10. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2014.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reid
- Palliative Care Program, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - David L. O'Riordan
- Palliative Care Program, University of California San Francisco, California
| | - Andrea Mazzini
- Palliative Care Program, University of California San Francisco, California
| | | | - Steven Z. Pantilat
- Palliative Care Program, University of California San Francisco, California
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Jones BL, Contro N, Koch KD. The duty of the physician to care for the family in pediatric palliative care: context, communication, and caring. Pediatrics 2014; 133 Suppl 1:S8-15. [PMID: 24488541 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3608c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric palliative care physicians have an ethical duty to care for the families of children with life-threatening conditions through their illness and bereavement. This duty is predicated on 2 important factors: (1) best interest of the child and (2) nonabandonment. Children exist in the context of a family and therefore excellent care for the child must include attention to the needs of the family, including siblings. The principle of nonabandonment is an important one in pediatric palliative care, as many families report being well cared for during their child's treatment, but feel as if the physicians and team members suddenly disappear after the death of the child. Family-centered care requires frequent, kind, and accurate communication with parents that leads to shared decision-making during treatment, care of parents and siblings during end-of-life, and assistance to the family in bereavement after death. Despite the challenges to this comprehensive care, physicians can support and be supported by their transdisciplinary palliative care team members in providing compassionate, ethical, and holistic care to the entire family when a child is ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Jones
- University of Texas at Austin School of Social Work, Austin, Texas; and
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