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Oreg A, Avlagon E, Gitlitz T. Being a Surrogate Partner: The Challenges of Fragile Boundaries. Arch Sex Behav 2024; 53:1403-1414. [PMID: 38448691 PMCID: PMC10954988 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-024-02821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Surrogate partner therapy is a type of treatment in which the surrogate partner (SP) works in a triadic setting with a sex therapist and a patient. At the same time, the SP acts as an intimate surrogate partner to the patient. The SP treatment includes a range of therapeutic experiences such as relaxation, intimate communication, sensual and sexual contact, and training for the acquisition of social skills. In the current study, we ask what and how SPs experience, understand, and construct boundaries in their work. We used Winnicott's therapeutic conceptualization of psychotherapy as a mode of playing and Goffman's dramaturgical role theory as the theoretical framework for our exploration. Applying a phenomenological and empathic approach, we analyzed 13 in-depth interviews with Israeli SP. It appears that SP's transitions from one performance to another are dramatic, in that their role requires the involvement of sexual and emotional helping relations with their patients. Moreover, SPs are obliged to have secrecy at all levels and in various relationships in their lives. We uncovered various complexities that SPs experience, such as a lack of clarity about their role, which creates challenges for building their professional and personal identity and affects their family and social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Oreg
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel.
| | | | - Tamar Gitlitz
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Marais DL. It's very difficult to set the boundaries, it's human nature to want to respond: exploring health professions educators' responses to student mental health difficulties through a positioning theory lens. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2024; 29:67-88. [PMID: 37296198 PMCID: PMC10252173 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By virtue of their teaching role and contact with students, health professions (HP) educators are often the first point of connection for students who are experiencing mental health difficulties. Educators are increasingly expected to include some form of pastoral care in their role. Mental health-related interactions with students may have a negative emotional impact on educators, particularly when roles and expectations are not clearly defined and where boundaries are not managed effectively. Using positioning theory as a lens, this study explored how educators experienced such interactions and how this manifested in positions, storylines, and speech acts. Interviews were conducted with 27 HP educators at a faculty of medicine and health sciences. Reflexive thematic analysis using inductive coding identified themes corresponding to the nearing, weighted, ambivalent, and distancing positions participants adopted in relation to students with mental health difficulties. There was fluidity in and between positions, and more than one position could be occupied simultaneously; participants each moved through different positions in response to different relational situations. Multiple storylines informed these positions, representing how moral- and care-informed responsibility intersected with responsiveness to make certain actions possible or impossible. Normative and personal value narratives were evident in storylines, in many cases underscored by care or justice ethics. The value of positioning theory in facilitating reflective faculty development initiatives for educators engaged in these interactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Marais
- Research and Internationalisation Development and Support, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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3
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Lazurko A, Haider LJ, Hertz T, West S, McCarthy DDP. Operationalizing ambiguity in sustainability science: embracing the elephant in the room. Sustain Sci 2023; 19:595-614. [PMID: 38404522 PMCID: PMC10891248 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Ambiguity is often recognized as an intrinsic aspect of addressing complex sustainability challenges. Nevertheless, in the practice of transdisciplinary sustainability research, ambiguity is often an 'elephant in the room' to be either side-stepped or reduced rather than explicitly mobilized in pursuit of solutions. These responses threaten the salience and legitimacy of sustainability science by masking the pluralism of real-world sustainability challenges and how research renders certain frames visible and invisible. Critical systems thinking (CST) emerged from the efforts of operational researchers to address theoretical and practical aspects of ambiguity. By adapting key concepts, frameworks, and lessons from CST literature and case studies, this paper aims to establish (1) an expansive conceptualization of ambiguity and (2) recommendations for operationalizing ambiguity as a valuable means of addressing sustainability challenges. We conceptualize ambiguity as an emergent feature of the simultaneous and interacting boundary processes associated with being, knowing, and intervening in complex systems, and propose Reflexive Boundary Critique (RBC) as a novel framework to help navigate these boundary processes. Our characterization of ambiguity acknowledges the boundary of a researcher's subjective orientation and its influence on how ambiguity is exposed and mediated in research (being), characterizes knowledge as produced through the process of making boundary judgments, generating a partial, contextual, and provisional frame (knowing), and situates a researcher as part of the complexity they seek to understand, rendering any boundary process as a form of intervention that reinforces or marginalizes certain frames and, in turn, influences action (intervening). Our recommendations for sustainability scientists to operationalize ambiguity include (1) nurturing the reflexive capacities of transdisciplinary researchers to navigate persistent ambiguity (e.g., using our proposed framework of RBC), and (2) grappling with the potential for and consequences of theoretical incommensurability and discordant pluralism. Our findings can help sustainability scientists give shape to and embrace ambiguity as a fundamental part of rigorous sustainability science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Lazurko
- School of Environment, Resources, and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Canada
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP UK
| | - L. Jamila Haider
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilman Hertz
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon West
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Northern Institute, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Daniel D. P. McCarthy
- School of Environment, Resources, and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W, N2L 3G1 Waterloo, Canada
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Sangrador-Deitos MV, Guinto-Nishimura GY, Rodriguez-Hernandez LA, Campero A. Defining the limits of the anterior wall of the cavernous sinus through an endoscopic view: Cadaveric anatomical study. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:258. [PMID: 37560597 PMCID: PMC10408622 DOI: 10.25259/sni_349_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anterior wall of the cavernous sinus (CS) represents an important landmark for endoscopic surgery that although mentioned before, no precise anatomical boundaries have been described. We describe the anatomical landmarks that delimit the anterior wall of the CS, emphasizing its importance as a reference for accessing the CS through endoscopic approaches. METHODS Six adult cadaveric heads fixed with formaldehyde and injected with colored silicone were studied. In all the heads, an endonasal endoscopic approach to the sellar and parasellar regions was performed and the anatomy of the anterior wall of the CS was studied. RESULTS Four consistent anatomical landmarks that mark the limits of the anterior wall of the CS were found in all the specimens: anterosuperiorly, the lateral opticocarotid recess; posterosuperiorly, the medial opticocarotid recess; anteroinferiorly, the inferior part of the maxillary strut; and posteroinferiorly, the superolateral angle of the clival recess. CONCLUSION It is of paramount importance to recognize the anatomical landmarks that define the limits of the anterior wall of the CS to achieve a safe access to this so complex region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alvaro Campero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Padilla de Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
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Oliver K. Why Is It So Hard to Evaluate Knowledge Exchange? Comment on "Sustaining Knowledge Translation Practices: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis". Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7549. [PMID: 37579363 PMCID: PMC10461865 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a growth in knowledge translation (KT) or exchange activities, and a smaller growth in their evaluations, it remains challenging to identify evidence of efficacy. This could be due to well-documented political and logistical difficulties involved in evaluating knowledge exchange interventions. By bringing in theory from science and technology studies (STS), Borst et al1 offer a new way of thinking about this problem. Most KT evaluations draw on health research traditions; centralising comparability, efficacy, and so on. Borst et al propose focusing on the work it takes to move knowledge over boundaries between these communities, seeing relationships as interactions, not just conduits for evidence. They show how 'context' can be understood as a mutual creation, not a static environment; and that institutions shape behaviours, rather than merely being sites or platforms for evidence mobilisation. Seeing KT as a creative, active practice opens new ways to design and evaluate KT mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Oliver
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Ho CY, Lim NA, Rahman NDA, Chiam M, Zhou JX, Phua GLG, Ong EK, Lim C, Chowdhury AR, Krishna LKR. Physician-patient boundaries in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:41. [PMID: 37055737 PMCID: PMC10099695 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurturing effective physician-patient relationships is essential to the provision of patient-centred care. Palliative care physicians may apply boundary-crossings or breaches in professional standards to nurture effective physician-patient relationships. Being highly individualized and shaped by the physician's narratives, clinical experience, and contextual considerations, boundary-crossings are susceptible to ethical and professional violations. To better appreciate this concept, we employ the Ring Theory of Personhood (RToP) to map the effects of boundary-crossings on the physician's belief systems. METHODS As part of the Tool Design SEBA methodology, a Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA) guided systematic scoping review was employed to guide the design of a semi-structured interview questionnaire with palliative care physicians. The transcripts were simultaneously content and thematically analysed. The themes and categories identified were combined using the Jigsaw Perspective and the resulting domains formed the basis for the discussion. RESULTS The domains identified from the 12 semi-structured interviews were catalysts and boundary-crossings. Boundary-crossings attempt to address threats to a physician's belief systems (catalysts) and are highly individualized. Employ of boundary-crossings depend on the physician's sensitivity to these 'catalysts', their judgement and willingness to act, and their ability to balance various considerations and reflect on their actions and their ramifications. These experiences reshape belief systems, understandings of boundary-crossings and may influence decision-making and practice, underscoring the potential for greater professional breaches when unchecked. CONCLUSION Underlining its longitudinal effects, the Krishna Model underscores the importance of longitudinal support, assessment and oversight of palliative care physicians, and lays the foundation for a RToP-based tool to be employed within portfolios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yao Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Nicole-Ann Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Nur Diana Abdul Rahman
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Min Chiam
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Jamie Xuelian Zhou
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Gillian Li Gek Phua
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Koon Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Crystal Lim
- Medical Social Services, Singapore General Hospital, 16 College Road, Block 3 Level 1, Singapore, 169854, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Anupama Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, 16 College Road, Block 3 Level 1, 169854, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lalit Kumar Radha Krishna
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Division of Cancer Education, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Level 4, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
- Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, University of Liverpool, 200 London Road, Liverpool, L3 9TA, UK.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- The Palliative Care Centre for Excellence in Research and Education, PalC, PalC c/o Dover Park Hospice, 10 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308436, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kerrissey M, Novikov Z, Tietschert M, Phillips R, Singer SJ. The ambiguity of "we": Perceptions of teaming in dynamic environments and their implications. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115678. [PMID: 36682086 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In healthcare, organizations increasingly call on clinicians and staff to team up fluidly to deliver integrated services across disciplines and settings. Yet little is known about how clinicians and staff perceive of team membership in healthcare environments where team boundaries are often ambiguous and continually shifting. We draw on the context of primary care in the United States, where fluid multi-disciplinary teamwork is commonly exhorted, to investigate the extent to which clinicians and staff perceive of various roles (e.g., physician, front desk) as members in their teams, and to identify potential implications. Using a survey fielded within 59 clinics (n = 828), we find substantial variation in individuals' perceptions of the roles they consider as team members during an episode of care (e.g., mean team size = 10.60 roles; standard deviation = 5.09). Perceiving more expansive sets of roles as team members exhibits a positive association with performance as measured by care quality (b = 0.02; p < .01) but a curvilinear association with job satisfaction. Separating an individual's perceived core (roles always perceived as part of the team) and periphery (roles sometimes perceived as part of the team), perceiving a larger core is positively associated with performance (b = 0.03 p < .01). In contrast, perceiving a larger periphery is marginally negatively associated with performance (b = -0.02, p < .10). This appears to be driven by divergence from the norm perception of the core, i.e., when individuals attribute to the periphery the roles that are considered by most others to be core. Our findings suggest that individuals viewing the roles they must team with more expansively may generate higher quality output but experience a personal toll. Delivering on the ideal of team-based care in dynamic environments may require helping team members gain clarity about their teammates and implementing policies that attend to job satisfaction as team boundaries shift and expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kerrissey
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02116, USA.
| | - Zhanna Novikov
- UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, USA; Stanford University, USA.
| | | | | | - Sara J Singer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Graduate School of Business (by Courtesy), USA.
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Liu S, Magne K, Zhou J, Laude J, Dalmais M, Le Signor C, Bendahmane A, Thompson R, Couzigou JM, Ratet P. The transcriptional co-regulators NBCL1 and NBCL2 redundantly coordinate aerial organ development and root nodule identity in legumes. J Exp Bot 2023; 74:194-213. [PMID: 36197099 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula NODULE ROOT1 (MtNOOT1) and Pisum sativum COCHLEATA1 (PsCOCH1) are orthologous genes belonging to the NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) gene family which encodes key transcriptional co-regulators of plant development. In Mtnoot1 and Pscoch1 mutants, the development of stipules, flowers, and symbiotic nodules is altered. MtNOOT2 and PsCOCH2 represent the single paralogues of MtNOOT1 and PsCOCH1, respectively. In M. truncatula, MtNOOT1 and MtNOOT2 are both required for the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic nodule identity. In legumes, the role of NBCL2 in above-ground development is not known. To better understand the roles of NBCL genes in legumes, we used M. truncatula and P. sativum nbcl mutants, isolated a knockout mutant for the PsCOCH2 locus and generated Pscoch1coch2 double mutants in P. sativum. Our work shows that single Mtnoot2 and Pscoch2 mutants develop wild-type stipules, flowers, and symbiotic nodules. However, the number of flowers was increased and the pods and seeds were smaller compared to the wild type. Furthermore, in comparison to the corresponding nbcl1 single mutants, both the M. truncatula and P. sativum nbcl double mutants show a drastic alteration in stipule, inflorescence, flower, and nodule development. Remarkably, in both M. truncatula and P. sativum nbcl double mutants, stipules are transformed into a range of aberrant leaf-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbin Liu
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Juliette Laude
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Marion Dalmais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christine Le Signor
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Richard Thompson
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Malo Couzigou
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université de Paris, 91190, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Sandoval-Padilla I, Zamora-Tavares MDP, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Pérez-Alquicira J, Vargas-Ponce O. Characterization of the plastome of Physaliscordata and comparative analysis of eight species of Physalis sensu stricto. PhytoKeys 2022; 210:109-134. [PMID: 36760406 PMCID: PMC9836641 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.210.85668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the plastome of Physaliscordata Mill. and compared it with seven species of the genus Physalis sensu stricto. Sequencing, annotating, and comparing plastomes allow us to understand the evolutionary mechanisms associated with physiological functions, select possible molecular markers, and identify the types of selection that have acted in different regions of the genome. The plastome of P.cordata is 157,000 bp long and presents the typical quadripartite structure with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,267 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,501 bp, which are separated by two inverted repeat (IRs) regions of 25,616 bp each. These values are similar to those found in the other species, except for P.angulata L. and P.pruinosa L., which presented an expansion of the LSC region and a contraction of the IR regions. The plastome in all Physalis species studied shows variation in the boundary of the regions with three distinct types, the percentage of the sequence identity between coding and non-coding regions, and the number of repetitive regions and microsatellites. Four genes and 10 intergenic regions show promise as molecular markers and eight genes were under positive selection. The maximum likelihood analysis showed that the plastome is a good source of information for phylogenetic inference in the genus, given the high support values and absence of polytomies. In the Physalis plastomes analyzed here, the differences found, the positive selection of genes, and the phylogenetic relationships do not show trends that correspond to the biological or ecological characteristics of the species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Sandoval-Padilla
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biosistemática, Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45200 Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoUniversidad de GuadalajaraZapopanMexico
| | - María del Pilar Zamora-Tavares
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biosistemática, Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45200 Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoUniversidad de GuadalajaraZapopanMexico
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Sánchez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biosistemática, Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45200 Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoUniversidad de GuadalajaraZapopanMexico
| | - Jessica Pérez-Alquicira
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biosistemática, Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45200 Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoUniversidad de GuadalajaraZapopanMexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Identificación y Caracterización Vegetal A(LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45200 Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoCONACYTMexico CityMexico
| | - Ofelia Vargas-Ponce
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biosistemática, Ecología y Manejo de Recursos Naturales y Agrícolas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, 45200 Las Agujas, Zapopan, Jalisco, MexicoUniversidad de GuadalajaraZapopanMexico
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10
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Dekel R, Shorer S, Nuttman-Shwartz O. Living with spousal loss: Continuing bonds and boundaries in remarried widows' marital relationships. Fam Process 2022; 61:674-688. [PMID: 34195987 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The grief literature emphasizes widows' continuing bonds with their deceased spouses as a significant part of their grief process. Yet, little is known about what happens to those bonds when a widow remarries and there is a second spouse, and how these bonds are dealt with by the new family members. This study explored the continuing bonds of remarried Israeli widows, the role the second spouse plays in these processes, and the ambiguity and permeability of the boundaries between the first and the second marital relationships. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 Israeli remarried military widows, over three decades after their first husbands' deaths. Data were analyzed by using thematic content analysis. Findings revealed that most of the women maintained continuing bonds with their deceased husbands, whereas a few of them severed these bonds. In all of the scenarios, however, the second husband played a major role, resulting in different levels of boundaries, from strict to blurred, between the first and the second marriages. These findings suggest that in order to obtain a full understanding of grief's impact on the second marital relationship, grief should be considered a couple-hood process in which the boundaries between the relationships are dynamic. The association between these patterns and personal and marital adjustment should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dekel
- School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shai Shorer
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Oranim Academic of Education, Kiryat Tiv'on, Israel
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Thiel D. 'It Isn't Charity because We've Paid into it': Social Citizenship and the Moral Economy of Welfare Recipients in the Wake of 2012 UK Welfare Reform Act. Qual Sociol 2022; 45:291-318. [PMID: 35194269 PMCID: PMC8830947 DOI: 10.1007/s11133-021-09505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on interviews with welfare claimants living in Essex, UK, this article examines the material and symbolic effects of the UK government's 2012 Welfare Reform Act, and it highlights the participants' interpretations of and responses to that. In reaction to their sense of material and symbolic exclusion, participants made moral claims for their inclusion through a notion of social citizenship based on collective reciprocity and care. They claimed to have paid-in to the national purse in various material and moral ways until circumstances outside of their control meant they could no longer do so. They thus asserted a moral-economic right to social inclusion and an ensuing right to receive adequate, non-stigmatised, and non-punitive welfare. These moral-economic claims differ from other, more public, counter-narratives to welfare reform and government austerity, and they assert a clear but subtle opposition to the market-bound logic of the reform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Thiel
- Department of Sociology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ UK
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12
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Ghosh A, Sen A, Dutta K, Ghosh P. Falling "fortresses": Unlocking Governance Entanglements and Shifting Knowledge Paradigms to Counter Climate Change Threats in Biodiversity Conservation. Environ Manage 2022; 69:305-322. [PMID: 34860280 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01552-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation is facing unprecedented challenges at the intersection of rapidly changing climates, widespread ecosystem degradation under the influence of global warming and resultant human tragedies over livelihood, habitation, adaptation and coping needs. These challenges are more acute across biodiversity hotspots in the Global South. This study disentangles the complex interplay to propose alternative paradigms of governance and policy thinking necessary for sustainable biodiversity conservation. Climate change impacts are exposing critical deficiencies of 'scientific forest management' pursued for over a century. For example, recurrent disasters and ecological shifts are increasingly obfuscating cognitive and physical boundaries between the reserve forest and human habitations; putting additional stress on livelihoods which in turn escalate pressures on the forest commons and fuel further conflicts between conservation governance and local communities. Instead of assisting in adaptation, the existing conservation governance mechanisms are producing further conflicts between humans and non-humans; livelihoods and conservation; disaster management and development. Conducted in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve -world's largest mangrove forest ecosystem and a climate change hotspot located along the Bay of Bengal across India and Bangladesh -the study finds an urgent need of rethinking and recalibrating biodiversity conservation in the times of climate change. However, institutional and market-based approaches such as promoting ecotourism or mangrove plantations may have little impact in this regard, the study finds. Instead, integrating cultural ecosystem services and co-producing knowledge will be critical to tackle the entanglements of climate change and its impacts on local lives, livelihoods and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Ghosh
- Jindal School of Art and Architecture, Jindal Global University, Haryana, India.
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany.
| | - Amrita Sen
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
- Azim Premji University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kaberi Dutta
- South Asia Institute, Department of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priyanka Ghosh
- VIT-AP School of Social Sciences and Humanities (VISH), VIT-AP University, Amravati, Vijayawada, India, Andhra Pradesh
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13
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Worrell S, Waling A, Anderson J, Lyons A, Pepping CA, Bourne A. The Nature and Impact of Informal Mental Health Support in an LGBTQ Context: Exploring Peer Roles and Their Challenges. Sex Res Social Policy 2022; 19:1586-1597. [PMID: 35003381 PMCID: PMC8724749 DOI: 10.1007/s13178-021-00681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research shows that LGBTQ communities experience high levels of suicidality and mental ill health. They also face significant barriers to accessing adequate mental health treatment in service settings. In response to these factors, it is likely that LGBTQ community members turn to their peers for informal mental health-related support. Such support, however, is largely undefined, the extent of it poorly understood and its impacts on those who perform it underexplored. METHODS We explored the nature and impact of informal mental health-related support provided by peers in LGBTQ communities in Melbourne, Australia. Drawing on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 LGBTQ adults in 2020, we explored how and why peers provided mental health support to friends, partners, housemates and even strangers and the impact this had on them. RESULTS We found that participants performed support roles as extensions of their existing relationships. We demonstrate that the support roles of the safe friend, housemate and partner, among others, represent everyday relationships stretched-even to breaking point-to incorporate informal mental health support. Each of these support roles is distinct, but they can all potentially result in similar impacts on those performing them. One of the more significant of these is burnout. CONCLUSIONS LGBTQ community members face a diverse range of challenges when they support peers with their mental health. Informal peer-support roles are a significant responsibility for those performing them. LGBTQ community members stepping up to support others should be better supported to help manage their roles and the impacts of performing them. POLICY IMPLICATIONS Findings can contribute to policy that not only addresses high levels of mental ill health in LGBTQ communities, but also seeks to help peers in support roles to prevent them from being negatively impacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Worrell
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel Anderson
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Lyons
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Adam Bourne
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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15
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Thayyil MM, Rani A. Structural Family Therapy with a Client Diagnosed with Dissociative Disorder. Indian J Psychol Med 2021; 43:549-554. [PMID: 35210686 PMCID: PMC8826189 DOI: 10.1177/0253717620969067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural Family Therapy is one of the most widely used family therapy model which focuses on bringing change in structural and functional aspect of the family. This article focuses on the use of structural family therapy with a client diagnosed with Dissociative Disorder. An in-dept analysis of the case was done by using case study design. The Case Study is presented with client's background, individual assessment, family assessment, the treatment plan with techniques and outcome of interventions. Individual assessment showed that client had low self-esteem, poor problem-solving skills, insecure attachment and inter-personal conflict with the father. Family assessment revealed that client was never allowed to explore and develop according to his individual and unique characteristics. As he grew older the mother became more enmeshed and father became too rigid in terms of his expectation from the client. In order to reduce tensions between parents and cope up with stressful situation client started dissociating. Individual therapy focused on enhancing client's current level of functioning, improving his coping skills and learning to be more assertive in a relationship. Therapy with family emphasized on restructuring unhealthy boundaries by regulating power dynamics within relationship and correcting dysfunctional hierarchies. The outcome of interventions was improvement in family's functioning, interaction pattern and changes in power dynamics within relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akanksha Rani
- Dept. Psychiatric Social Work, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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16
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Abstract
This paper is in two parts. Part 1 examines the phenomenon of making space as a process involving one or other kind of legal decision-making, for example when a state authority authorizes the creation of a new highway along a certain route or of a new park in a certain location. In cases such as this, a new abstract spatial entity comes into existence - the route, the boundaries of the area to be set aside for the park - followed only later by concordant changes in physical reality. In Part 2, we show that features identified in studying this phenomenon of legal spacemaking can be detected in other spheres of human activity, for example in planning (where spacemaking is projected into the future), and in reasoning about history (where spacemaking is projected back through time). We shall see that these features display themselves in especially complex ways in our everyday use of language, and we conclude by examining the implications of this complexity for attempts to create an artificial intelligence that would enjoy a mastery of language that would be equivalent to that of human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Smith
- Department of Philosophy, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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17
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Buckley MG, Austen JM, Myles LAM, Smith S, Ihssen N, Lew AR, McGregor A. The effects of spatial stability and cue type on spatial learning: Implications for theories of parallel memory systems. Cognition 2021; 214:104802. [PMID: 34225248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some theories of spatial learning predict that associative rules apply under only limited circumstances. For example, learning based on a boundary has been claimed to be immune to cue competition effects because boundary information is the basis for the formation of a cognitive map, whilst landmark learning does not involve cognitive mapping. This is referred to as the cue type hypothesis. However, it has also been claimed that cue stability is a prerequisite for the formation of a cognitive map, meaning that whichever cue type was perceived as stable would enter a cognitive map and thus be immune to cue competition, while unstable cues will be subject to cue competition, regardless of cue type. In experiments 1 and 2 we manipulated the stability of boundary and landmark cues when learning the location of two hidden goals. One goal location was constant with respect to the boundary, and the other constant with respect to the landmark cues. For both cue types, the presence of distal orientation cues provided directional information. For half the participants the landmark cues were unstable relative to the boundary and orientation cues, whereas for the remainder of the participants the boundary was unstable relative to landmarks and orientation cues. In a second stage of training, all cues remained stable so that both goal locations could be learned with respect to both landmark and boundary information. According to the cue type hypothesis, boundary information should block learning about landmarks regardless of cue stability. According to the cue stability hypothesis, however, landmarks should block learning about the boundary when the landmarks appear stable relative to the boundary. Regardless of cue type or stability the results showed reciprocal blocking, contrary to both formulations of incidental cognitive mapping. Experiment 3 established that the results of Experiments 1 and 2 could not be explained in terms of difficulty in learning certain locations with respect to different cue types. In a final experiment, following training in which both landmarks and boundary cues signalled two goal locations, a new goal location was established with respect to the landmark cues, before testing with the boundary, which had never been used to define the new goal location. The results of this novel test of the interaction between boundary and landmark cues indicated that new learning with respect to the landmark had a profound effect on navigation with respect to the boundary, counter to the predictions of incidental cognitive mapping of boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Buckley
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, UK; School of Psychology, Aston University, UK.
| | | | | | - Shamus Smith
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Adina R Lew
- Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK
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18
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Abstract
Recent characterisations of self-organising systems depend upon the presence of a 'Markov blanket': a statistical boundary that mediates the interactions between the inside and outside of a system. We leverage this idea to provide an analysis of partitions in neuronal systems. This is applicable to brain architectures at multiple scales, enabling partitions into single neurons, brain regions, and brain-wide networks. This treatment is based upon the canonical micro-circuitry used in empirical studies of effective connectivity, so as to speak directly to practical applications. The notion of effective connectivity depends upon the dynamic coupling between functional units, whose form recapitulates that of a Markov blanket at each level of analysis. The nuance afforded by partitioning neural systems in this way highlights certain limitations of 'modular' perspectives of brain function that only consider a single level of description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Hipólito
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Philosophy & Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Germany; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Maxwell J D Ramstead
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom; Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Culture, Mind, and Brain Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura Convertino
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (ICN), University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Friston
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Parr
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, United Kingdom
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19
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Abstract
Embryonic tissue boundaries are critical to not only cement newly patterned structures during development, but also to serve as organizing centers for subsequent rounds of morphogenesis. Although this latter role is especially difficult to study in vivo, synthetic embryology offers a new vantage point and fresh opportunities. In this review, we cover recent progress towards understanding and controlling in vitro boundaries and how they impact synthetic model systems. A key point this survey highlights is that the outcome of self-organization is strongly dependent on the boundary imposed, and new insight into the complex functions of embryonic boundaries will be necessary to create better self-organizing tissues for basic science, drug development, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Martyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NSF Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, NSF Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Standing H, Patterson R, Dalkin S, Exley C, Brittain K. A critical exploration of professional jurisdictions and role boundaries in inter-professional end-of-life care in the community. Soc Sci Med 2020; 266:113300. [PMID: 32992263 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article critically examines how professional boundaries and hierarchies influence how end-of-life care is managed and negotiated between health and social care professionals. Our findings suggest there is uncertainty and lack of clarity amongst health and social care professionals regarding whose responsibility it is to engage, and document, the wishes of patients who are dying, which can lead to ambiguity in treatment decisions. We go on to explore the potential role of a new electronic system, designed to facilitate information sharing across professional boundaries, in shaping and bridging professional boundaries in the delivery of end-of-life care. We highlight potential negative impacts that may arise when health and social care groups are permitted varying levels of access to the system, and how this may be seen to reflect the value placed on their role in end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Standing
- Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, UK.
| | | | - Sonia Dalkin
- Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, UK
| | - Catherine Exley
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Katie Brittain
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
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21
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Nedergaard JI. Role Differences in Healthcare: Overcoming Borders through Semiotic Skin is the Basis for Communication. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2019; 53:283-97. [PMID: 30238320 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-018-9458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Role differences in healthcare systems are the very foundation of communication in this specific field of environment. It has to be understood as a collective corporation between collective individuals and thus connect through intertwined border zones. These border zones between collective communicators holds the notions of individuality, which is represented in the ability to decipher and negotiate the multiple layers in the communicative border zone. These processes in border zones of persons - in relation with others - are dealt with by the Semiotic Skin Theory. In addition, the biological skin is central for human lives and the Semiotic Skin is conceptualized as a socio-somatic-semiotic, layered and dynamic membrane that operates as a semi-permeable, communicative boundary. A constant interpretation between a self-reflecting system and an unending spiral of semiosis is the emergent of the semiotic skin. It creates a semi-permeable barrier that holds the very notions of the multi-layered skin-on-the-skin that is reflected in an embodied communication between humans and environment. In this theoretical understanding of an embodied aspect of not only meaning-making but also the regulative aspect of embodied interaction with others, the very idea of borders of individuality becomes the notion of interpretation. Any communication in a medical setting involves actions on the border of mutual understanding - e.g. communication between a pediatrician and a child. The concepts of a collective patient and a collective doctor are introduced as to understand the aspects of the multiple dynamics of the semiotic skin as the holder of an individual's personal ideas/interpretations in the interaction with one other person, holding multiple aspects from others as well. Examples of the interaction between patients and the healthcare system in Denmark illustrate how a new theoretical and practical performance of mastering the communicative partnership in the cross field between the healthcare system and psychology is born.
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22
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Orth PB, Cheng AS. Organizational Change in the US Forest Service: Negotiating Organizational Boundaries in the Collaborative Process. Environ Manage 2019; 64:64-78. [PMID: 30810779 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the United States and across the globe, forest governance officials are seeing a rise in the demand from local community members to participate in forest management decision-making. Despite this demand, there have been few studies that seek to describe the impact of community collaborative efforts on the organizational structures and processes of governmental forest management agencies. We empirically examined the boundary negotiations occurring at the field office level of the United States Forest Service in order to understand organizational change with respect to the collaborative process. We employed a qualitative case study approach encompassing the examination of three community collaborative groups. By examining the defining characteristics of organizational boundaries, we found that boundary negotiations are facilitating organizational change through individual-level learning and behavior changes. We present data suggestive of negotiations for boundaries of knowledge, responsibility, and capacity. Understanding the organizational outcomes of community collaboration will help forest managers respond and adapt to changing forest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B Orth
- Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Antony S Cheng
- Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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23
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Anderson K, Reavey P, Boden Z. 'Never drop without your significant other, cause that way lies ruin': The boundary work of couples who use MDMA together. Int J Drug Policy 2019; 71:10-18. [PMID: 31170684 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MDMA has a variety of pro-social effects, such as increased friendliness and heightened empathy, yet there is a distinct lack of research examining how these effects might intertwine with a romantic relationship. This article seeks to compensate for this absence and explore heterosexual couples' use of MDMA through the lens of the boundaries they construct around these experiences. Three couple interviews, two diary interviews and eight written diaries about couples' MDMA practices were analysed. Douglas' (2001) and Stenner's (2013) work around order, disorder and what lies at the threshold between the two are employed here. This conceptual approach allows us to see what happens at the border of MDMA experiences as crucial to their constitution. Two main themes are identified in the data. First, MDMA use was boundaried from daily life both temporally and corporeally: the drug was tied to particular times in people's lives as well as the performance of rituals which engaged the material world and reenchanted everyday spaces and selves. Secondly, other people are excluded from MDMA experiences to varying degrees in order to preserve the emotionally intense space for the couple alone. This paper claims that MDMA use forms part of a spectrum of relationship 'work' practices; a unique kind of 'date night' that revitalises couples' connection. Hence, MDMA should be recognised as transforming couple as well as individual practices. Finally, it is suggested that harm reduction initiatives could distinguish more 'messy' forms of emotional harm and engage with users' language of 'specialness' to limit negative impacts of MDMA use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Anderson
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Paula Reavey
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Zoë Boden
- Department of Psychology, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, United Kingdom.
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24
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Abstract
There are strong reasons to believe that our conscious inner life is structured, suggested both by introspection as well as scientific psychology. One of the most salient structural characteristics of conscious experiences is known as unity of consciousness. In this contribution, we wish to demonstrate how features of experience that pertain to the unity of consciousness could be made precise in terms of mathematical relations that hold between phenomenal objects. Based on phenomenological considerations, we first outline three such features. These are (i) environmental embedding, (ii) the mutual constraint between local and global representations, and (iii) a top-down process of object formation in consciousness. We then introduce a formal model based on the notion of phenomenal space, defined in terms of a set of quasi-elementary and extended entities. We describe the structure of phenomenal space by appealing to mereological and topological concepts, and we outline a projector-based calculus to account for the idea that the structure of phenomenal space is ultimately dynamical. Using the above concepts, one could approach the mind-matter problem by relating environmentally embedded agents to topologically well-defined objects that result from decompositions of phenomenal space. We conclude our discussion by putting it into the context of some recent conceptual questions that appear in cognitive science and consciousness studies. We opt for the possibility to regard the phenomenon of consciousness not in terms of a singular transition that happens between "brain" and "mind" but rather in terms of a series of transitions between structured layers of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Prentner
- ETH Zürich, Professur für Philosophie, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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25
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Lipson G, Grant BJ, Mueller J, Sonnich S. Preventing School Employee Sexual Misconduct: An Outcome Survey Analysis of Making Right Choices. J Child Sex Abus 2019; 28:129-143. [PMID: 29847288 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2018.1477002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This treatment-only study examines the impact of Making Right Choices, an online course prevention program designed to promote the knowledge, awareness, and prevention of school employee sexual misconduct. The sample included 13,007 school employee participants who took the Making Right Choices course between May 6, 2011, and March 12, 2017, in California and New York. The 20-item measure, Preventing Misconduct Assessment, was administered to participants at the end of the online course; completion of the measure was voluntary. Descriptive statistics revealed that a large majority of participants reported increasing their knowledge and awareness of school employee sexual misconduct because of their participation in the Making Right Choices online course. This study yields important findings regarding the impact of a sexual misconduct prevention program and, specifically, the difference it may make for non-licensed school employees. These findings indicate that school employees are accepting of sexual misconduct training programs and rate them as having value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Billie-Jo Grant
- b Statistics Department , California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo , USA
| | - Jessica Mueller
- c College of Extended Studies , San Diego State University , San Diego , CA
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26
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Gianni E, De Zorzi L, Lee SA. The developing role of transparent surfaces in children's spatial representation. Cogn Psychol 2018; 105:39-52. [PMID: 29920399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Children adeptly use environmental boundaries to navigate. But how do they represent surfaces as boundaries, and how does this change over development? To investigate the effects of boundaries as visual and physical barriers, we tested spatial reorientation in 160 children (2-7 year-olds) in a transparent rectangular arena (Condition 1). In contrast with their consistent success using opaque surfaces (Condition 2), children only succeeded at using transparent surfaces at 5-7 years of age. These results suggest a critical role of visually opaque surfaces in early spatial coding and a developmental change around the age of five in representing locations with respect to transparent surfaces. In application, these findings may inform our usage of windows and glass surfaces in designing and building environments occupied by young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gianni
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Laura De Zorzi
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Corso Bettini 84, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daehak-ro 291, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, Rovereto, Italy.
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27
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LaMothe R. Giving Counsel: Donald Capps' Contributions to Pastoral Counseling. J Relig Health 2018; 57:509-522. [PMID: 29063368 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article explores some of Donald Capps' contributions to the ministry of pastoral counseling. In particular, several key attributes of pastoral counseling as a ministry of the church are identified and discussed. This is followed by identifying six features necessary for good enough pastoral counseling. A final brief section offers some musings that I wish Capps could respond to.
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Fantus S, Souleymanov R, Lachowsky NJ, Brennan DJ. The emergence of ethical issues in the provision of online sexual health outreach for gay, bisexual, two-spirit and other men who have sex with men: perspectives of online outreach workers. BMC Med Ethics 2017; 18:59. [PMID: 29100520 PMCID: PMC5670555 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-017-0216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile applications and socio-sexual networking websites are used by outreach workers to respond synchronously to questions and provide information, resources, and referrals on sexual health and STI/HIV prevention, testing, and care to gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GB2M). This exploratory study examined ethical issues identified by online outreach workers who conduct online sexual health outreach for GB2M. METHODS Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted between November 2013 and April 2014 with online providers and managers (n = 22) to explore the benefits, challenges, and ethical implications of delivering online outreach services in Ontario, Canada. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analyses were conducted, and member-checking, analyses by multiple coders, and peer debriefing supported validity and reliability. RESULTS Four themes emerged on the ethical queries of providing online sexual health outreach for GB2M: (a) managing personal and professional boundaries with clients; (b) disclosing personal or identifiable information to clients; (c) maintaining client confidentiality and anonymity; and (d) security and data storage measures of online information. Participants illustrated familiarity with potential ethical challenges, and discussed ways in which they seek to mitigate and prevent ethical conflict. CONCLUSIONS Implications of this analysis for outreach workers, researchers, bioethicists, and policy-makers are to: (1) understand ethical complexities associated with online HIV prevention and outreach for GB2M; (2) foster dialogue to recognize and address potential ethical conflict; and (3) identify competencies and skills to mitigate risk and promote responsive and accessible online HIV outreach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Fantus
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Rusty Souleymanov
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.,School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - David J Brennan
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.,Ontario HIV Treatment Network Research Chair, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
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Agyepong IA, Kwamie A, Frimpong E, Defor S, Ibrahim A, Aryeetey GC, Lokossou V, Sombie I. Spanning maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) and health systems research boundaries: conducive and limiting health systems factors to improving MNCH outcomes in West Africa. Health Res Policy Syst 2017; 15:54. [PMID: 28722556 PMCID: PMC5516848 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-017-0212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improvements over time, West Africa lags behind global as well as sub-Saharan averages in its maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) outcomes. This is despite the availability of an increasing body of knowledge on interventions that improve such outcomes. Beyond our knowledge of what interventions work, insights are needed on others factors that facilitate or inhibit MNCH outcome improvement. This study aimed to explore health system factors conducive or limiting to MNCH policy and programme implementation and outcomes in West Africa, and how and why they work in context. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods multi-country case study focusing predominantly, but not exclusively, on the six West African countries (Burkina Faso, Benin, Mali, Senegal, Nigeria and Ghana) of the Innovating for Maternal and Child Health in Africa initiative. Data collection involved non-exhaustive review of grey and published literature, and 48 key informant interviews. We validated our findings and conclusions at two separate multi-stakeholder meetings organised by the West African Health Organization. To guide our data collection and analysis, we developed a unique theoretical framework of the link between health systems and MNCH, in which we conceptualised health systems as the foundations, pillars and roofing of a shelter for MNCH, and context as the ground on which the foundation is laid. RESULTS A multitude of MNCH policies and interventions were being piloted, researched or implemented at scale in the sub-region, most of which faced multiple interacting conducive and limiting health system factors to effective implementation, as well as contextual challenges. Context acted through its effect on health system factors as well as on the social determinants of health. CONCLUSIONS To accelerate and sustain improvements in MNCH outcomes in West Africa, an integrated approach to research and practice of simultaneously addressing health systems and contextual factors alongside MNCH service delivery interventions is needed. This requires multi-level, multi-sectoral and multi-stakeholder engagement approaches that span current geographical, language, research and practice community boundaries in West Africa, and effectively link the efforts of actors interested in health systems strengthening with those of actors interested in MNCH outcome improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Akua Agyepong
- Ghana Health Service, Research and Development Division, P.O. Box MB-190, Greater Accra region, Ghana
| | - Aku Kwamie
- Ghana Health Service, Research and Development Division, P.O. Box MB-190, Greater Accra region, Ghana
| | - Edith Frimpong
- Ghana Health Service, Research and Development Division, P.O. Box MB-190, Greater Accra region, Ghana
| | - Selina Defor
- Ghana Health Service, Research and Development Division, P.O. Box MB-190, Greater Accra region, Ghana
| | - Abdallah Ibrahim
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, P.O. Box LG13, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Virgil Lokossou
- West African Health Organization, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01BP 153 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Issiaka Sombie
- West African Health Organization, Bobo-Dioulasso, 01BP 153 Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
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Erikson A, Davies B. Maintaining Integrity: How Nurses Navigate Boundaries in Pediatric Palliative Care. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 35:42-49. [PMID: 28728768 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how nurses manage personal and professional boundaries in caring for seriously ill children and their families. DESIGN AND METHODS Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, a convenience sample of 18 registered nurses from four practice sites was interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. RESULTS Nurses across the sites engaged in a process of maintaining integrity whereby they integrated two competing, yet essential, aspects of their nursing role - behaving professionally and connecting personally. When skillful in both aspects, nurses were satisfied that they provided high-quality, family-centered care to children and families within a clearly defined therapeutic relationship. At times, tension existed between these two aspects and nurses attempted to mitigate the tension. Unsuccessful mitigation attempts led to compromised integrity characterized by specific behavioral and emotional indicators. Successfully mitigating the tension with strategies that prioritized their own needs and healing, nurses eventually restored integrity. Maintaining integrity involved a continuous effort to preserve completeness of both oneself and one's nursing practice. CONCLUSIONS Study findings provide a theoretical conceptualization to describe the process nurses use in navigating boundaries and contribute to an understanding for how this specialized area of care impacts health care providers. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Work environments can better address the challenges of navigating boundaries through offering resources and support for nurses' emotional responses to caring for seriously ill children. Future research can further refine and expand the theoretical conceptualization of maintaining integrity presented in this paper and its potential applicability to other nursing specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Erikson
- School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Betty Davies
- School of Nursing, Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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O'Flynn J. From Headline to Hard Grind: The Importance of Understanding Public Administration in Achieving Health OutcomesComment on "Understanding the Role of Public Administration in Implementing Action on the Social Determinants of Health and Health Inequities". Int J Health Policy Manag 2016; 5:439-442. [PMID: 27694672 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many public policy programs fail to translate ambitious headlines to on-the-ground action. The reasons for this are many and varied, but for public administration and management scholars a large part of the gap between ambition and achievement is the challenge associated with the operation of the machinery of government itself, and how it relates to the other parties that it relies on to fulfill these outcomes. In their article, Carey and Friel set out key reasons why public health scholars should seek to better understand important ideas in public administration. In commenting on their contribution, I draw out two critical questions that are raised by this discussion: (i) what are boundaries and what forms do they take? and (ii) why work across boundaries? Expanding on these key questions extends the points made by Carey and Friel on the importance of understanding public administration and will better place public health scholars and practitioners to realise health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine O'Flynn
- Melbourne School of Government, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of professional boundaries is often not included in medical training. Historically, the field of psychiatry has given much consideration to the topic of boundaries, partially due to the high incidence of sexual boundary violations in psychotherapy practice. And while there is a perception that more formal education is needed in psychiatry, the pressure to adjust the frame of a treatment in clinical practice is ubiquitous. We developed this presentation and discussion, using stimulus videos to depict common boundary issues that crop up in everyday outpatient medical practice. METHODS This 90-minute session consists of a 20-minute PowerPoint presentation introducing the concept of professional boundaries and identifies the nine boundary domains as defined by Gutheil and Gabbard. Then the class views and discusses six brief video vignettes (allowing 10 minutes per vignette) with a 10-minute break. Faculty panelists from different specialties and at different stages of training are present to discuss the video vignettes and give examples from their own practice. RESULTS This curriculum was implemented in 2009 at the University of Vermont College of Medicine and has been held annually since. Pre and post data were obtained in March 2009 from third-year medical students who participated in the seminar just prior to beginning their clinical clerkships. Statistically significant changes between pretest and posttest means were observed in five of the 10 questionnaire items, including one knowledge-based question about prescriptions to nonpatients. DISCUSSION The two learner groups we targeted were medical students during their clerkship year and residents in their first year of training. However, this material could easily be extended to other disciplines in medicine such as nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lewis
- Associate Professor of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine
- Director of Residency Training, University of Vermont Medical Center
| | - Scott Allan
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Vermont College of Medicine
- Staff Psychiatrist, Howard Center
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Giesbrecht M, Crooks VA, Castleden H, Schuurman N, Skinner M, Williams A. Palliating inside the lines: The effects of borders and boundaries on palliative care in rural Canada. Soc Sci Med 2016; 168:273-282. [PMID: 27185391 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We draw lines to divide our world into specific places, territories, and categories. Although borders and boundaries are dynamic and socially constructed, their existence creates many broad impacts on our lives by geographically distinguishing between groups (e.g., us/them; here/there; inside/outside) at various scales from the national down to the personal spaces of the individual. Particularly, borders and boundaries can be used to define a variety of differing spaces such as the familial, social, economic, political, as well as issues of access - including access to health services. Despite the implicit connection between borders, boundaries, and health, little research has investigated this connection from a health geography perspective. As such, this secondary thematic analysis contributes to addressing this notable gap by examining how borders and boundaries are experienced and perceived to impact access to palliative care in rural Canada from the perspectives of the formal and informal providers of such care. Drawing upon data from qualitative interviews (n = 40) with formal and informal palliative caregivers residing in four different rural Canadian communities, five forms of borders and boundaries were found to directly impact care delivery/receipt: political; jurisdictional; geographical; professional; and cultural. Implicitly and explicitly, participants discussed these borders and boundaries while sharing their experiences of providing palliative care in rural Canada. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for palliative care in rural Canada, while also emphasizing the need for more health geography, and related social science, researchers to recognize the significance of borders and boundaries in relation to health and healthcare delivery. Lastly, we emphasize the transferability of these findings to other health sectors, geographical settings, and disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Giesbrecht
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada; School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada.
| | - Valorie A Crooks
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Heather Castleden
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, 99 University Avenue, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nadine Schuurman
- Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mark Skinner
- Department of Geography, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Allison Williams
- School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
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Hawkes J. Rituals of Madness in the Practices of Place. J Med Humanit 2016; 37:95-109. [PMID: 25118862 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-014-9300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
While completing a PhD in literature with a focus on the practices of physical and linguistic spaces, I was also working and sleeping (on call) at a dilapidated house in a poorer part of Bristol in case I was needed by one of five paranoid or clinically psychotic residents. I gave out medication in the morning, then went home to study in a small rented room. I began to see ritual everywhere--in my professors' routines; my own habits; the behaviours of the mentally ill patients. This paper is the story of a number of madnesses and the problems with reading ritual performance in everything we do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Hawkes
- University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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Crowston K, Specht A, Hoover C, Chudoba KM, Watson-Manheim MB. Perceived discontinuities and continuities in transdisciplinary scientific working groups. Sci Total Environ 2015; 534:159-172. [PMID: 25957788 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We examine the DataONE (Data Observation Network for Earth) project, a transdisciplinary organization tasked with creating a cyberinfrastructure platform to ensure preservation of and access to environmental science and biological science data. Its objective was a difficult one to achieve, requiring innovative solutions. The DataONE project used a working group structure to organize its members. We use organizational discontinuity theory as our lens to understand the factors associated with success in such projects. Based on quantitative and qualitative data collected from DataONE members, we offer recommendations for the use of working groups in transdisciplinary synthesis. Recommendations include welcome diverse opinions and world views, establish shared communication practices, schedule periodic synchronous face-to-face meetings, and ensure the active participation of bridge builders or knowledge brokers such as librarians who know how to ask questions about disciplines not their own.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison Specht
- Australian Centre for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network and School of Geography, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol Hoover
- Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, USA
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Zielke T, Glotov A, Saumweber H. High-resolution in situ hybridization analysis on the chromosomal interval 61C7-61C8 of Drosophila melanogaster reveals interbands as open chromatin domains. Chromosoma 2015; 125:423-35. [PMID: 26520107 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic chromatin is organized in contiguous domains that differ in protein binding, histone modifications, transcriptional activity, and in their degree of compaction. Genome-wide comparisons suggest that, overall, the chromatin organization is similar in different cells within an organism. Here, we compare the structure and activity of the 61C7-61C8 interval in polytene and diploid cells of Drosophila. By in situ hybridization on polytene chromosomes combined with high-resolution microscopy, we mapped the boundaries of the 61C7-8 interband and of the 61C7 and C8 band regions, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the 61C7-8 interband is significantly larger than estimated previously. This interband extends over 20 kbp and is in the range of the flanking band domains. It contains several active genes and therefore can be considered as an open chromatin domain. Comparing the 61C7-8 structure of Drosophila S2 cells and polytene salivary gland cells by ChIP for chromatin protein binding and histone modifications, we observe a highly consistent domain structure for the proximal 13 kbp of the domain in both cell types. However, the distal 7 kbp of the open domain differs in protein binding and histone modification between both tissues. The domain contains four protein-coding genes in the proximal part and two noncoding transcripts in the distal part. The differential transcriptional activity of one of the noncoding transcripts correlates with the observed differences in the chromatin structure between both tissues. The significance of our findings for the organization and structure of open chromatin domains will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zielke
- Institute of Biology, Cytogenetics Group, Humboldt University Berlin, Chausseestr. 117, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Glotov
- Institute of Biology, Cytogenetics Group, Humboldt University Berlin, Chausseestr. 117, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Saumweber
- Institute of Biology, Cytogenetics Group, Humboldt University Berlin, Chausseestr. 117, 10115, Berlin, Germany. .,Institut für Biologie-Zytogenetik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Chausseestr. 117, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Srivastava S, Dhawan J, Mishra RK. Epigenetic mechanisms and boundaries in the regulation of mammalian Hox clusters. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 2:160-169. [PMID: 26254900 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hox gene expression imparts segment identity to body structures along the anterior-posterior axis and is tightly governed by higher order chromatin mechanisms. Chromatin regulatory features of the homeotic complex are best defined in Drosophila melanogaster, where multiple cis-regulatory elements have been identified that ensure collinear Hox gene expression patterns in accordance with their genomic organization. Recent studies focused on delineating the epigenetic features of the vertebrate Hox clusters have helped reveal their dynamic chromatin organization and its impact on gene expression. Enrichment for the 'activating' H3K4me3 and 'repressive' H3K27me3 histone modifications is a particularly strong read-out for transcriptional status and correlates well with the evidence for chromatin loop domain structures and stage specific topological changes at these loci. However, it is not clear how such distinct domains are imposed and regulated independent of each other. Comparative analysis of the chromatin structure and organization of the homeotic gene clusters in fly and mammals is increasingly revealing the functional conservation of chromatin mediated mechanisms. Here we discuss the case for interspersed boundary elements existing within mammalian Hox clusters along with their possible roles and mechanisms of action. Recent studies suggest a role for factors other than the well characterized vertebrate boundary factor CTCF, such as the GAGA binding factor (GAF), in maintaining chromatin domains at the Hox loci. We also present data demonstrating how such regulatory elements may be involved in organizing higher order structure and demarcating active domains of gene expression at the mammalian Hox clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Srivastava
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
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Anais Tiberghien M, Lebreton G, Cribbs D, Benassayag C, Suzanne M. The Hox gene Dfd controls organogenesis by shaping territorial border through regulation of basal DE-Cadherin distribution. Dev Biol 2015. [PMID: 26206615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hox genes are highly conserved selector genes controlling tissue identity and organogenesis. Recent work indicates that Hox genes also controls cell segregation and segmental boundary in various species, however the underlying cellular mechanisms involved in this function are poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, the Hox gene Deformed (Dfd) is required for specification and organogenesis of the adult Maxillary (Mx) palp. Here, we demonstrate that differential Dfd expression control Mx morphogenesis through the formation of a physical boundary separating the Mx field and the Peripodial Epithelium (PE). We show that this boundary relies on DE-cadherin (DE-cad) basal accumulation in Mx cells controlled by differential Dfd expression. Indeed, Dfd controls boundary formation through cell autonomous basal redistribution of DE-cad which leads to subsequent fold at the Dfd expression border. Finally, the loss of Mx DE-cad basal accumulation and hence of Mx-PE folding is sufficient to prevent Mx organogenesis thus revealing the crucial role of boundaries in organ differentiation. Altogether, these results reveal that Hox coordination of tissue morphogenesis relies on boundary fold formation through the modulation of DE-cad positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Anais Tiberghien
- LBCMCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5088 Bâtiment 4R3-B1, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Gaelle Lebreton
- IBV-Institut de Biologie Valrose, Bâtiment de biochimie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice cedex, France
| | - David Cribbs
- CBD, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR5547 Batiment 4R3-B3, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Corinne Benassayag
- LBCMCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5088 Bâtiment 4R3-B1, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France.
| | - Magali Suzanne
- LBCMCP, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS UMR 5088 Bâtiment 4R3-B1, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France
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Terriente J, Pujades C. Cell segregation in the vertebrate hindbrain: a matter of boundaries. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3721-30. [PMID: 26089248 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Segregating cells into compartments during embryonic development is essential for growth and pattern formation. In the developing hindbrain, boundaries separate molecularly, physically and neuroanatomically distinct segments called rhombomeres. After rhombomeric cells have acquired their identity, interhombomeric boundaries restrict cell intermingling between adjacent rhombomeres and act as signaling centers to pattern the surrounding tissue. Several works have stressed the relevance of Eph/ephrin signaling in rhombomeric cell sorting. Recent data have unveiled the role of this pathway in the assembly of actomyosin cables as an important mechanism for keeping cells from different rhombomeres segregated. In this Review, we will provide a short summary of recent evidences gathered in different systems suggesting that physical actomyosin barriers can be a general mechanism for tissue separation. We will discuss current evidences supporting a model where cell-cell signaling pathways, such as Eph/ephrin, govern compartmental cell sorting through modulation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and cell adhesive properties to prevent cell intermingling.
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Harvey G, Kitson A. Translating evidence into healthcare policy and practice: Single versus multi-faceted implementation strategies - is there a simple answer to a complex question? Int J Health Policy Manag 2015; 4:123-6. [PMID: 25774368 DOI: 10.15171/ijhpm.2015.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
How best to achieve the translation of research evidence into routine policy and practice remains an enduring challenge in health systems across the world. The complexities associated with changing behaviour at an individual, team, organizational and system level have led many academics to conclude that tailored, multi-faceted strategies provide the most effective approach to knowledge translation. However, a recent overview of systematic reviews questions this position and sheds doubt as to whether multi-faceted strategies are any better than single ones. In this paper, we argue that this either-or distinction is too simplistic and fails to recognize the complexity that is inherent in knowledge translation. Drawing on organizational theory relating to boundaries and boundary management, we illustrate the need for translational strategies that take account of the type of knowledge to be implemented, the context of implementation and the people and processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Harvey
- School of Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. ; Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alison Kitson
- School of Nursing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. ; Central Adelaide Local Health Network (CALHN), Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
This article analyzes the quotidian ways that older Chicagoans remade and traversed physical boundaries between their homes and the city beyond. In so doing, it explores how changing engagements with the environment impact social personhood in later life. In a context in which personhood is equated with independence, elders relying on paid care workers to remain in their homes found themselves at the threshold of social death. To sustain their independence and personhood, older Chicagoans sought to prevent spatial and social transitions using a range of everyday tactics and material practices located around the doorways of their homes. These liminal practices simultaneously reasserted racial, class, and other social distinctions between elders, home care workers and others, helping elders continue to occupy familiar subject positions. For these older adults, homes and their thresholds became a resource with which they resisted profound changes to their daily lives, subjectivities, and social personhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana D Buch
- Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Iowa
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Abstract
Autopoietic systems, chemotons, and autogens are models that aim to explain (the emergence of) life as a functionally closed and self-sustaining system. An essential element in these models is the notion of a boundary containing, maintaining, and being generated by an internal reaction network. The more general concept of collectively autocatalytic sets, formalized as RAF theory, does not explicitly include this notion of a boundary. Here, we argue that (1) the notion of a boundary can also be incorporated in the formal RAF framework, (2) this provides a mechanism for the emergence of higher-level autocatalytic sets, (3) this satisfies a necessary condition for the evolvability of autocatalytic sets, and (4) this enables the RAF framework to formally represent and analyze (at least in part) the other models. We suggest that RAF theory might thus provide a basis for a unifying formal framework for the further development and study of such models. The emergence of an autocatalytic (super)set of autocatalytic (sub)sets. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mike Steel
- Allan Wilson Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Abstract
Researchers and clinicians have traditionally explored widowhood as an intrapersonal process. We expand the paradigm of bereavement research to explore the widow's perceptions of her experience within a family context. In a study of family bereavement, 24 widows each participated in 2 separate qualitative interviews, followed by standard qualitative analyses of the transcribed narratives. Three inter-related central topics emerged. (1) Widows stress the importance of their independence vis a vis their family as central to their sense of identity. (2) Widows perceive that they and their adult children avoid expressing their feelings of sadness and loss with each other. (3) Widows believe that their children are unable to understand the meaning of the widows' loss because of differences in generations and life situations. Two inter-woven underlying themes emerged: protection of self and of other, and boundaries between widow and children. Just as protection is rooted in a dynamic of separation between widow and child, boundaries are rooted in their deep bond. When researchers and clinicians recognize the dynamics of these two themes they can potentially increase understanding of widowhood within the context of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Moss
- Arcadia University, 450 South Easton Road, Glenside, PA 19038, United States
| | - Sidney Z Moss
- Arcadia University, 450 South Easton Road, Glenside, PA 19038, United States
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Bouchekioua Y, Miller HC, Craddock P, Blaisdell AP, Molet M. Spatial integration of boundaries in a 3D virtual environment. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2013; 144:316-23. [PMID: 23933001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research, using two- and three-dimensional environments, has found that when both human and nonhuman animals independently acquire two associations between landmarks with a common landmark (e.g., LM1-LM2 and LM2-LM3), each with its own spatial relationship, they behave as if the two unique LMs have a known spatial relationship despite their never having been paired. Seemingly, they have integrated the two associations to create a third association with its own spatial relationship (LM1-LM3). Using sensory preconditioning (Experiment 1) and second-order conditioning (Experiment 2) procedures, we found that human participants integrated information about the boundaries of pathways to locate a goal within a three-dimensional virtual environment in the absence of any relevant landmarks. Spatial integration depended on the participant experiencing a common boundary feature with which to link the pathways. These results suggest that the principles of associative learning also apply to the boundaries of an environment.
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Aoki T, Sarkeshik A, Yates J, Schedl P. Elba, a novel developmentally regulated chromatin boundary factor is a hetero-tripartite DNA binding complex. eLife 2012; 1:e00171. [PMID: 23240086 PMCID: PMC3510454 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin boundaries subdivide eukaryotic chromosomes into functionally autonomous domains of genetic activity. This subdivision insulates genes and/or regulatory elements within a domain from promiscuous interactions with nearby domains. While it was previously assumed that the chromosomal domain landscape is fixed, there is now growing evidence that the landscape may be subject to tissue and stage specific regulation. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel developmentally restricted boundary factor, Elba. We show that Elba is an unusual hetero-tripartite protein complex that requires all three proteins for DNA binding and insulator activity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00171.001 If all of the DNA in a human cell was stretched out, it would be about 2 m long. The nucleus of a human cell, on the other hand, has a diameter of just 6 μm, so the DNA molecules that carry all the genetic information in the cell need to be carefully folded to fit inside the nucleus. Cells meet this challenge by combining their DNA molecules with proteins to form a compact and highly organized structure called chromatin. Packaging DNA into chromatin also reduces damage to it. But what happens when the cell needs to express the genes carried by the DNA as proteins or other gene products? The answer is that the compact structure of chromatin relaxes and opens up, which allows the DNA to be transcribed into messenger RNA. Indeed, packing DNA into chromatin makes this process more reliable, thus ensuring that the cell only produces proteins and other gene products when it needs them. However, because cross-talk between neighboring genes could potentially disrupt or change gene expression patterns, cells evolved special elements called boundaries or insulators to stop this from happening. These elements subdivide eukaryotic chromosomes into functionally autonomous chromatin domains. Since the protein factors implicated in boundary function seemed to be active in all tissues and cell types, it was assumed for many years that these boundaries and the resulting chromatin domains were fixed. However, a number of recent studies have shown that boundary activity can be subject to regulation, and thus chromatin domains are dynamic structures that can be defined and redefined during development to alter patterns of gene expression. Aoki et al. report the isolation and characterization of a new fruit fly boundary factor that, unlike previously characterized factors, is active only during a specific stage of development. The Elba factor is also unusual in that it is made of three different proteins, known as Elba1, Elba2, and Elba3, and all three must be present for it to bind to DNA. While Elba2 is present during most stages of development, the other two Elba proteins are only present during early embryonic development, so the boundary factor is only active in early embryos. In addition to revealing a new mechanism for controlling boundary activity as an organism develops, the studies of Aoki et al. provide further evidence that chromatin domains can be dynamic. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00171.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology , Princeton University , Princeton , United States
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