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Smith RA, Mir F, Butler MP, Maharathi B, Loeb JA. Spike-induced cytoarchitectonic changes in epileptic human cortex are reduced via MAP2K inhibition. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae152. [PMID: 38741662 PMCID: PMC11089420 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interictal spikes are electroencephalographic discharges that occur at or near brain regions that produce epileptic seizures. While their role in generating seizures is not well understood, spikes have profound effects on cognition and behaviour, depending on where and when they occur. We previously demonstrated that spiking areas of human neocortex show sustained MAPK activation in superficial cortical Layers I-III and are associated with microlesions in deeper cortical areas characterized by reduced neuronal nuclear protein staining and increased microglial infiltration. Based on these findings, we chose to investigate additional neuronal populations within microlesions, specifically inhibitory interneurons. Additionally, we hypothesized that spiking would be sufficient to induce similar cytoarchitectonic changes within the rat cortex and that inhibition of MAPK signalling, using a MAP2K inhibitor, would not only inhibit spike formation but also reduce these cytoarchitectonic changes and improve behavioural outcomes. To test these hypotheses, we analysed tissue samples from 16 patients with intractable epilepsy who required cortical resections. We also utilized a tetanus toxin-induced animal model of interictal spiking, designed to produce spikes without seizures in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fitted with epidural electrodes, to permit EEG recording for the duration of the study, and automated algorithms were implemented to quantify spikes. After 6 months, animals were sacrificed to assess the effects of chronic spiking on cortical cytoarchitecture. Here, we show that microlesions may promote excitability due to a significant reduction of inhibitory neurons that could be responsible for promoting interictal spikes in superficial layers. Similarly, we found that the induction of epileptic spikes in the rat model produced analogous changes, including reduced neuronal nuclear protein, calbindin and parvalbumin-positive neurons and increased microglia, suggesting that spikes are sufficient for inducing these cytoarchitectonic changes in humans. Finally, we implicated MAPK signalling as a driving force producing these pathological changes. Using CI-1040 to inhibit MAP2K, both acutely and after spikes developed, resulting in fewer interictal spikes, reduced microglial activation and less inhibitory neuron loss. Treated animals had significantly fewer high-amplitude, short-duration spikes, which correlated with improved spatial memory performance on the Barnes maze. Together, our results provide evidence for a cytoarchitectonic pathogenesis underlying epileptic cortex, which can be ameliorated through both early and delayed MAP2K inhibition. These findings highlight the potential role for CI-1040 as a pharmacological treatment that could prevent the development of epileptic activity and reduce cognitive impairment in both patients with epilepsy and those with non-epileptic spike-associated neurobehavioural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Smith
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fozia Mir
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mitchell P Butler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Biswajit Maharathi
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Loeb
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Maiorov SA, Kairat BK, Berezhnov AV, Zinchenko VP, Gaidin SG, Kosenkov AM. Peculiarities of ion homeostasis in neurons containing calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109951. [PMID: 38452968 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity accompanies numerous brain pathologies, including traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, and epilepsy. Disturbances of the ion homeostasis, mitochondria dysfunction, and further cell death are considered the main detrimental consequences of excitotoxicity. It is well known that neurons demonstrate different vulnerability to pathological exposures. In this regard, neurons containing calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) may show higher susceptibility to excitotoxicity due to an additional pathway of Ca2+ influx. Here, we demonstrate that neurons containing CP-AMPARs are characterized by the higher amplitude of the glutamate-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and slower restoration of [Ca2+]i level compared to non-CP-AMPA neurons. Moreover, we have found that NASPM, an antagonist of CP-AMPARs, significantly decreases the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i elevation induced by glutamate or selective AMPARs agonist, 5-fluorowillardiine. In contrast, the antagonists of NMDARs or KARs affect insignificantly. We have also described some peculiarities of Na+, K+, and H+ intracellular dynamics in neurons containing CP-AMPARs. In particular, the amplitude of [Na+]i elevation was lower compared to non-CP-AMPA neurons, whereas the amplitude of [K+]i decrease was higher. We have shown the significant inverse correlation between [K+]i and [Ca2+]i and between intracellular pH and [Na+]i in CP-AMPARs-containing and non-CP-AMPA neurons upon glutamate excitotoxicity. Our data indicate that CP-AMPARs-mediated Ca2+ influx and slow removal of Ca2+ from the cytosol may underlie the vulnerability of the CP-AMPARs-containing neurons to glutamate excitotoxicity. Further studies of the mechanisms mediating the disturbances in ion homeostasis are crucial for developing new approaches for protecting these neurons at brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A Maiorov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Berezhnov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valery P Zinchenko
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergei G Gaidin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Artem M Kosenkov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
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Gu F, Zhao W, Duan X, Zhang Y, Luo X, Chen G, Jin X, Pan H, Gao F, Wu H. Association of hypocalcemia with in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1054098. [PMID: 36698873 PMCID: PMC9868589 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1054098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose There was little evidence to study the relationship between hypocalcemia and mortality among critically ill patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) aged ≥16 years. This study aimed to determine the potential association between hypocalcemia and in-hospital and ICU mortality in patients with ICH in the United States. Methods We analyzed 1,954 patients with ICH from the e-Intensive Care Unit Collaborative Research Database and divided them into hypocalcemia and non-hypocalcemia groups. Hypocalcemia was defined as albumin-adjusted total calcium below 8.4 mg/dl. The primary and secondary outcomes were hospital and ICU mortality, respectively. We performed multivariable regression and subgroup analyses to evaluate the association of hypocalcemia with hospital and ICU mortality. Cumulative survival rate analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves with log-rank statistics. Results We enrolled 1,954 patients with ICH who had been hospitalized in ICU for >24 h and were older than 16 years (average age, 61.8 years; men, 56.7%). We noted that 373 (19%) hospital mortality occurred, including 235 (12%) ICU mortality. In this sample, 195 patients had hypocalcemia. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that hypocalcemia was associated with a 67% increased risk of in-hospital and a 72% increased risk of ICU mortality. This association was consistent across subgroup analyses. Conclusions Hypocalcemia was associated with a high risk of hospital and ICU mortality among critically ill patients with ICH. Future prospective, randomized, controlled studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of General Practice Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Duan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Changde, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Jin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangli Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Faliang Gao
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Faliang Gao ✉
| | - Huadong Wu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Huadong Wu ✉
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Fu J, Zhou Q, Wu B, Huang X, Tang Z, Tan W, Zhu Z, Du M, Wu C, Ma J, Balawi E, Liao ZB. Protective effects and regulatory pathways of melatonin in traumatic brain injury mice model: Transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974060. [PMID: 36157079 PMCID: PMC9500234 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality globally. Melatonin (Mel) is a neuroendocrine hormone synthesized from the pineal gland that protects against TBI. Yet, the precise mechanism of action is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the protective effect and regulatory pathways of melatonin in the TBI mice model using transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis. The expression profiles of mRNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) were constructed using the whole transcriptomes sequencing technique. In total, 93 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs (DEmRNAs), 48 lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 59 miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 59 circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified by the TBI mice with Mel treatment compared to the group without drug intervention. The randomly selected coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To further detect the biological functions and potential pathways of those differentially expressed RNAs, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were executed. In our research, the regulatory network was constructed to show the relationship of lncRNA-RBPs. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was established based on the Pearson coefficient to indicate the expression correlations. Moreover, the DEcircRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA and DElncRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA regulatory networks were constructed to demonstrate the regulatory relationship between ncRNAs and mRNA. Finally, to further verify our predicted results, cytoHubba was used to find the hub gene in the synaptic vesicle cycle pathway, and the expression level of SNAP-25 and VAMP-2 after melatonin treatment were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. To sum up, these data offer a new insight regarding the molecular effect of melatonin treatment after TBI and suggest that the high-throughput sequencing and analysis of transcriptomes are useful for studying the drug mechanisms in treatment after TBI.
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Frankowski JC, Foik AT, Tierno A, Machhor JR, Lyon DC, Hunt RF. Traumatic brain injury to primary visual cortex produces long-lasting circuit dysfunction. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1297. [PMID: 34789835 PMCID: PMC8599505 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sensory areas of the mammalian neocortex have a remarkable degree of plasticity, allowing neural circuits to adapt to dynamic environments. However, little is known about the effects of traumatic brain injury on visual circuit function. Here we used anatomy and in vivo electrophysiological recordings in adult mice to quantify neuron responses to visual stimuli two weeks and three months after mild controlled cortical impact injury to primary visual cortex (V1). We found that, although V1 remained largely intact in brain-injured mice, there was ~35% reduction in the number of neurons that affected inhibitory cells more broadly than excitatory neurons. V1 neurons showed dramatically reduced activity, impaired responses to visual stimuli and weaker size selectivity and orientation tuning in vivo. Our results show a single, mild contusion injury produces profound and long-lasting impairments in the way V1 neurons encode visual input. These findings provide initial insight into cortical circuit dysfunction following central visual system neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C. Frankowski
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Andrzej T. Foik
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Ophthalmic Biology Group, International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexa Tierno
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Jiana R. Machhor
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - David C. Lyon
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Robert F. Hunt
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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Hiltunen J, Ndode-Ekane XE, Lipponen A, Drexel M, Sperk G, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Regulation of Parvalbumin Interactome in the Perilesional Cortex after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 475:52-72. [PMID: 34455012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes 10-20% of structural epilepsy, with seizures typically originating in the cortex. Alterations in the neuronal microcircuits in the cortical epileptogenic zone, however, are poorly understood. Here, we assessed TBI-induced changes in perisomatic gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic innervation in the perilesional cortex. We hypothesized that TBI will damage parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive inhibitory neurons and induce regulation of the associated GABAergic molecular interactome. TBI was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by lateral fluid-percussion injury. At 1-month post-TBI, the number of PV-positive somata was plotted on unfolded cortical maps and the distribution and density of immunopositive terminals analyzed. Qualitative analysis revealed either patchy microlesions of several hundred micrometers in diameter or diffuse neuronal loss. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a reduction in the number of PV-positive interneurons in patches down to 0% of that in sham-operated controls in the perilesional cortex. In the majority of patches, the cell numbers ranged from 71% to 90% that of the controls. The loss of PV-positive somata was accompanied by decreased axonal labeling. In situ hybridization revealed downregulated PV mRNA expression in the perilesional cortex. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated a robustly downregulated expression profile of PV-related genes, which was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Specifically, we found that genes encoding postsynaptic GABA-A receptor genes, Gabrg2 and Gabrd, were downregulated in TBI animals compared with controls. Our data suggests that patchy reduction in PV-positive perisomatic inhibitory innervation contributes to the development of focal cortical inhibitory deficit after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hiltunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther Sperk
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Str. 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Pham L, Wright DK, O'Brien WT, Bain J, Huang C, Sun M, Casillas-Espinosa PM, Shah AD, Schittenhelm RB, Sobey CG, Brady RD, O'Brien TJ, Mychasiuk R, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ. Behavioral, axonal, and proteomic alterations following repeated mild traumatic brain injury: Novel insights using a clinically relevant rat model. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105151. [PMID: 33127468 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is linked to a number of chronic neurological conditions, however there is still much unknown about the underlying mechanisms. To provide new insights, this study used a clinically relevant model of repeated mTBI in rats to characterize the acute and chronic neuropathological and neurobehavioral consequences of these injuries. Rats were given four sham-injuries or four mTBIs and allocated to 7-day or 3.5-months post-injury recovery groups. Behavioral analysis assessed sensorimotor function, locomotion, anxiety, and spatial memory. Neuropathological analysis included serum quantification of neurofilament light (NfL), mass spectrometry of the hippocampal proteome, and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Repeated mTBI rats had evidence of acute cognitive deficits and prolonged sensorimotor impairments. Serum NfL was elevated at 7 days post injury, with levels correlating with sensorimotor deficits; however, no NfL differences were observed at 3.5 months. Several hippocampal proteins were altered by repeated mTBI, including those associated with energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenic capacity. Diffusion MRI analysis at 3.5 months found widespread reductions in white matter integrity. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the nature and progression of repeated mTBI neuropathology that may underlie lingering or chronic neurobehavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Pham
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - David K Wright
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - William T O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jesse Bain
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Cheng Huang
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mujun Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anup D Shah
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ralf B Schittenhelm
- Monash Proteomics & Metabolomics Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Christopher G Sobey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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Cantu D, Croker D, Shacham S, Tamir S, Dulla C. In vivo KPT-350 treatment decreases cortical hyperexcitability following traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2020; 34:1489-1496. [PMID: 32853051 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1807056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE We tested whether KPT-350, a novel selective inhibitor of nuclear export, could attenuate cortical network hyperexcitability, a major risk factor for developing post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). RESEARCH DESIGN All mice in this study underwent TBI and were subsequently treated with either KPT-350 or vehicle during the post-injury latent period. Half of the animal cohort was used for electrophysiology while the other half was used for immunohistochemical analysis. METHODS AND PROCEDURES TBI was induced using the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Cortical network activity was recorded by evoking field potentials from deep layers of the cortex and analyzed using Matlab software. Immunohistochemistry coupled with fluorescence microscopy and Image J analysis detected changes in neuronal and glial markers. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS KPT-350 attenuated TBI-associated epileptiform activity and restored disrupted input-output responses in cortical brain slices. In vivo KPT-350 treatment reduced the loss of parvalbumin-(+) GABAergic interneurons after CCI but did not significantly change CCI-induced loss of somatostatin-(+) GABAergic interneurons, nor did it reduce reactivity of GFAP and Iba1 glial markers. CONCLUSION KPT-350 can prevent cortical hyperexcitability and reduce the loss of parvalbumin-(+) GABAergic inhibitory neurons, making it a potential therapeutic option for preventing PTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cantu
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Croker
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Chris Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, MA, USA
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Eastman CL, D'Ambrosio R, Ganesh T. Modulating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress to prevent epilepsy and improve outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:107907. [PMID: 31837825 PMCID: PMC7274911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults worldwide. TBI survival is associated with persistent neuropsychiatric and neurological impairments, including posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). To date, no pharmaceutical treatment has been found to prevent PTE or ameliorate neurological/neuropsychiatric deficits after TBI. Brain trauma results in immediate mechanical damage to brain cells and blood vessels that may never be fully restored given the limited regenerative capacity of brain tissue. This primary insult unleashes cascades of events, prominently including neuroinflammation and massive oxidative stress that evolve over time, expanding the brain injury, but also clearing cellular debris and establishing homeostasis in the region of damage. Accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory sequelae of TBI contribute to posttraumatic epileptogenesis. This review will focus on possible roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their interactions with neuroinflammation in posttraumatic epileptogenesis, and emerging therapeutic strategies after TBI. We propose that inhibitors of the professional ROS-generating enzymes, the NADPH oxygenases and myeloperoxidase alone, or combined with selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase mediated signaling may have promise for the treatment or prevention of PTE and other sequelae of TBI. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'New Epilepsy Therapies for the 21st Century - From Antiseizure Drugs to Prevention, Modification and Cure of Epilepsy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford L Eastman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
| | - Raimondo D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA; Regional Epilepsy Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, Georgia.
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Denoix N, Merz T, Unmuth S, Hoffmann A, Nespoli E, Scheuerle A, Huber-Lang M, Gündel H, Waller C, Radermacher P, McCook O. Cerebral Immunohistochemical Characterization of the H 2S and the Oxytocin Systems in a Porcine Model of Acute Subdural Hematoma. Front Neurol 2020; 11:649. [PMID: 32754111 PMCID: PMC7358568 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems interact in trauma and are implicated in vascular protection and regulation of fluid homeostasis. Acute brain injury is associated with pressure-induced edema formation, blood brain barrier disruption, and neuro-inflammation. The similarities in brain anatomy: size, gyrencephalic organization, skull structure, may render the pig a highly relevant model for translational medicine. Cerebral biomarkers for pigs for pathophysiological changes and neuro-inflammation are limited. The current study aims to characterize the localization of OT/OTR and the endogenous H2S producing enzymes together with relevant neuro-inflammatory markers on available porcine brain tissue from an acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) model. In a recent pilot study, anesthetized pigs underwent ASDH by injection of 20 mL of autologous blood above the left parietal cortex and were resuscitated with neuro-intensive care measures. After 54 h of intensive care, the animals were sacrificed, the brain was removed and analyzed via immunohistochemistry. The endogenous H2S producing enzymes cystathionine-ɤ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS), the OTR, and OT were localized in neurons, vasculature and parenchyma at the base of sulci, where pressure-induced injury leads to maximal stress in the gyrencephalic brain. The pathophysiological changes in response to brain injury in humans and pigs, we show here, are comparable. We additionally identified modulators of brain injury to further characterize the pathophysiology of ASDH and which may indicate future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Denoix
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Unmuth
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ester Nespoli
- Department of Neurology, Molecular and Translational Neuroscience, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Angelika Scheuerle
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harald Gündel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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11
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Zhou Y, Shao A, Yao Y, Tu S, Deng Y, Zhang J. Dual roles of astrocytes in plasticity and reconstruction after traumatic brain injury. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:62. [PMID: 32293472 PMCID: PMC7158016 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of fatality and disability worldwide. Despite its high prevalence, effective treatment strategies for TBI are limited. Traumatic brain injury induces structural and functional alterations of astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain. As a way of coping with the trauma, astrocytes respond in diverse mechanisms that result in reactive astrogliosis. Astrocytes are involved in the physiopathologic mechanisms of TBI in an extensive and sophisticated manner. Notably, astrocytes have dual roles in TBI, and some astrocyte-derived factors have double and opposite properties. Thus, the suppression or promotion of reactive astrogliosis does not have a substantial curative effect. In contrast, selective stimulation of the beneficial astrocyte-derived molecules and simultaneous attenuation of the deleterious factors based on the spatiotemporal-environment can provide a promising astrocyte-targeting therapeutic strategy. In the current review, we describe for the first time the specific dual roles of astrocytes in neuronal plasticity and reconstruction, including neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, angiogenesis, repair of the blood-brain barrier, and glial scar formation after TBI. We have also classified astrocyte-derived factors depending on their neuroprotective and neurotoxic roles to design more appropriate targeted therapies. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Province, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Province, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Tepe V, Papesh M, Russell S, Lewis MS, Pryor N, Guillory L. Acquired Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Service Members and Veterans. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:834-857. [PMID: 32163310 DOI: 10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose A growing body of evidence suggests that military service members and military veterans are at risk for deficits in central auditory processing. Risk factors include exposure to blast, neurotrauma, hazardous noise, and ototoxicants. We overview these risk factors and comorbidities, address implications for clinical assessment and care of central auditory processing deficits in service members and veterans, and specify knowledge gaps that warrant research. Method We reviewed the literature to identify studies of risk factors, assessment, and care of central auditory processing deficits in service members and veterans. We also assessed the current state of the science for knowledge gaps that warrant additional study. This literature review describes key findings relating to military risk factors and clinical considerations for the assessment and care of those exposed. Conclusions Central auditory processing deficits are associated with exposure to known military risk factors. Research is needed to characterize mechanisms, sources of variance, and differential diagnosis in this population. Existing best practices do not explicitly consider confounds faced by military personnel. Assessment and rehabilitation strategies that account for these challenges are needed. Finally, investment is critical to ensure that Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense clinical staff are informed, trained, and equipped to implement effective patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Tepe
- Department of Defense Hearing Center of Excellence, JBSA Lackland, TX
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA
| | - Melissa Papesh
- VA RR&D National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Shoshannah Russell
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD
| | - M Samantha Lewis
- VA RR&D National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, OR
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- School of Audiology, Pacific University, Hillsboro, OR
| | - Nina Pryor
- Department of Defense Hearing Center of Excellence, JBSA Lackland, TX
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH
| | - Lisa Guillory
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia
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13
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Zhu B, Eom J, Hunt RF. Transplanted interneurons improve memory precision after traumatic brain injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5156. [PMID: 31727894 PMCID: PMC6856380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13170-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of the traumatically injured brain has been envisioned for decades, but regenerating new neurons at the site of brain injury has been challenging. We show GABAergic progenitors, derived from the embryonic medial ganglionic eminence, migrate long distances following transplantation into the hippocampus of adult mice with traumatic brain injury, functionally integrate as mature inhibitory interneurons and restore post-traumatic decreases in synaptic inhibition. Grafted animals had improvements in memory precision that were reversed by chemogenetic silencing of the transplanted neurons and a long-lasting reduction in spontaneous seizures. Our results reveal a striking ability of transplanted interneurons for incorporating into injured brain circuits, and this approach is a powerful therapeutic strategy for correcting post-traumatic memory and seizure disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyao Zhu
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jisu Eom
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA. .,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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14
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Garner R, La Rocca M, Vespa P, Jones N, Monti MM, Toga AW, Duncan D. Imaging biomarkers of posttraumatic epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 2019; 60:2151-2162. [PMID: 31595501 PMCID: PMC6842410 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 2.5 million people annually within the United States alone, with over 300 000 severe injuries resulting in emergency room visits and hospital admissions. Severe TBI can result in long-term disability. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most debilitating consequences of TBI, with an estimated incidence that ranges from 2% to 50% based on severity of injury. Conducting studies of PTE poses many challenges, because many subjects with TBI never develop epilepsy, and it can be more than 10 years after TBI before seizures begin. One of the unmet needs in the study of PTE is an accurate biomarker of epileptogenesis, or a panel of biomarkers, which could provide early insights into which TBI patients are most susceptible to PTE, providing an opportunity for prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy and enabling more efficient large-scale PTE studies. Several recent reviews have provided a comprehensive overview of this subject (Neurobiol Dis, 123, 2019, 3; Neurotherapeutics, 11, 2014, 231). In this review, we describe acute and chronic imaging methods that detect biomarkers for PTE and potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis. We also describe shortcomings in current acquisition methods, analysis, and interpretation that limit ongoing investigations that may be mitigated with advancements in imaging techniques and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Garner
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marianna La Rocca
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul Vespa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nigel Jones
- Van Cleef Centre for Nervous Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin M. Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dominique Duncan
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Koenig JB, Cantu D, Low C, Sommer M, Noubary F, Croker D, Whalen M, Kong D, Dulla CG. Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose prevents cortical hyperexcitability after traumatic brain injury. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126506. [PMID: 31038473 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes cortical dysfunction and can lead to post-traumatic epilepsy. Multiple studies demonstrate that GABAergic inhibitory network function is compromised following TBI, which may contribute to hyperexcitability and motor, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. Preserving the function of GABAergic interneurons, therefore, is a rational therapeutic strategy to preserve cortical function after TBI and prevent long-term clinical complications. Here, we explored an approach based on the ketogenic diet, a neuroprotective and anticonvulsant dietary therapy which results in reduced glycolysis and increased ketosis. Utilizing a pharmacologic inhibitor of glycolysis (2-deoxyglucose, or 2-DG), we found that acute in vitro application of 2-DG decreased the excitability of excitatory neurons, but not inhibitory interneurons, in cortical slices from naïve mice. Employing the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in mice, we found that in vitro 2-DG treatment rapidly attenuated epileptiform activity seen in acute cortical slices 3 to 5 weeks after TBI. One week of in vivo 2-DG treatment immediately after TBI prevented the development of epileptiform activity, restored excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity, and attenuated the loss of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons. In summary, 2-DG may have therapeutic potential to restore network function following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Koenig
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Cantu
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cho Low
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cellular, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Program, Tufts University Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle Croker
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Whalen
- Neuroscience Center, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Papesh MA, Elliott JE, Callahan ML, Storzbach D, Lim MM, Gallun FJ. Blast Exposure Impairs Sensory Gating: Evidence from Measures of Acoustic Startle and Auditory Event-Related Potentials. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:702-712. [PMID: 30113267 PMCID: PMC6387566 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many military service members and veterans who have been exposed to high-intensity blast waves experience traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in chronic auditory deficits despite normal hearing sensitivity. The current study sought to examine the neurological cause of this chronic dysfunction by testing the hypothesis that blast exposure leads to impaired filtering of sensory information at brainstem and early cortical levels. Groups of blast-exposed and non-blast-exposed participants completed self-report measures of auditory and neurobehavioral status, auditory perceptual tasks involving degraded and competing speech stimuli, and physiological measures of sensory gating, including pre-pulse inhibition and habituation of the acoustic startle reflex and electrophysiological assessment of a paired-click sensory gating paradigm. Blast-exposed participants showed significantly reduced habituation to acoustic startle stimuli and impaired filtering of redundant sensory information at the level the auditory cortex. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that poorer sensory gating at the cortical level was primarily influenced by a diagnosis of TBI, whereas reduced habituation was primarily influenced by a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. A statistical model was created including cortical sensory gating and habituation to acoustic startle, which strongly predicted performance on a degraded speech task. These results support the hypothesis that blast exposure impairs central auditory processing via impairment of neural mechanisms underlying habituation and sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Papesh
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan E. Elliott
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan L. Callahan
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Daniel Storzbach
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Miranda M. Lim
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Frederick J. Gallun
- National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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17
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Baker EW, Kinder HA, Hutcheson JM, Duberstein KJJ, Platt SR, Howerth EW, West FD. Controlled Cortical Impact Severity Results in Graded Cellular, Tissue, and Functional Responses in a Piglet Traumatic Brain Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:61-73. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Baker
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Holly A. Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jessica M. Hutcheson
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Kylee Jo J. Duberstein
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Simon R. Platt
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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18
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Koenig JB, Dulla CG. Dysregulated Glucose Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target to Reduce Post-traumatic Epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:350. [PMID: 30459556 PMCID: PMC6232824 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of disability worldwide and can lead to post-traumatic epilepsy. Multiple molecular, cellular, and network pathologies occur following injury which may contribute to epileptogenesis. Efforts to identify mechanisms of disease progression and biomarkers which predict clinical outcomes have focused heavily on metabolic changes. Advances in imaging approaches, combined with well-established biochemical methodologies, have revealed a complex landscape of metabolic changes that occur acutely after TBI and then evolve in the days to weeks after. Based on this rich clinical and preclinical data, combined with the success of metabolic therapies like the ketogenic diet in treating epilepsy, interest has grown in determining whether manipulating metabolic activity following TBI may have therapeutic value to prevent post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Here, we focus on changes in glucose utilization and glycolytic activity in the brain following TBI and during seizures. We review relevant literature and outline potential paths forward to utilize glycolytic inhibitors as a disease-modifying therapy for post-traumatic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Koenig
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Frankowski JC, Kim YJ, Hunt RF. Selective vulnerability of hippocampal interneurons to graded traumatic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 129:208-216. [PMID: 30031783 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a major risk factor for many long-term mental health problems. Although underlying mechanisms likely involve compromised inhibition, little is known about how individual subpopulations of interneurons are affected by neurotrauma. Here we report long-term loss of hippocampal interneurons following controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in young-adult mice, a model of focal cortical contusion injury in humans. Brain injured mice displayed subfield and cell-type specific decreases in interneurons 30 days after impact depths of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm, and increasing the depth of impact led to greater cell loss. In general, we found a preferential reduction of interneuron cohorts located in principal cell and polymorph layers, while cell types positioned in the molecular layer appeared well preserved. Our results suggest a dramatic shift of interneuron diversity following contusion injury that may contribute to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Frankowski
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Young J Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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20
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Chandrasekar A, Heuvel FO, Tar L, Hagenston AM, Palmer A, Linkus B, Ludolph AC, Huber-Lang M, Boeckers T, Bading H, Roselli F. Parvalbumin Interneurons Shape Neuronal Vulnerability in Blunt TBI. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:2701-2715. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilla Tar
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
| | - Anna M Hagenston
- Department of Neurobiology—IZN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-DE, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Department of Orthopedic trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
| | - Birgit Linkus
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
| | | | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Department of Orthopedic trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
| | - Tobias Boeckers
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
| | - Hilmar Bading
- Department of Neurobiology—IZN, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg-DE, Germany
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
- Neurozentrum—Ulm University, Ulm-DE, Germany
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21
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Becker AJ. Review: Animal models of acquired epilepsy: insights into mechanisms of human epileptogenesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:112-129. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research; Department of Neuropathology; University of Bonn Medical Center; Bonn Germany
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22
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Schiavone S, Neri M, Trabace L, Turillazzi E. The NADPH oxidase NOX2 mediates loss of parvalbumin interneurons in traumatic brain injury: human autoptic immunohistochemical evidence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8752. [PMID: 28821783 PMCID: PMC5562735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological interventions for traumatic brain injury (TBI) are limited. Together with parvalbumin (PV) loss, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase NOX enzymes represents a key step in TBI. Here, we investigated the contribution of NOX2-derived oxidative stress to the loss of PV immunoreactivity associated to TBI, performing immunohistochemistry for NOX2, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) and PV on post mortem brain samples of subjects died following TBI, subjects died from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) and controls (CTRL). We detected an increased NOX2 expression and 8OHdG immunoreactivity in subjects died from TBI with respect to CTRL and SICH. NOX2 increase was mainly observed in GABAergic PV-positive interneurons, with a minor presence in microglia. No significant differences in other NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1 and NOX4) were detected among experimental groups. NOX2-derived oxidative stress elevation appeared a specific TBI-induced phenomenon, as no alterations in the nitrosative pathway were detected. Our results suggest that NOX2-derived oxidative stress might play a crucial role in the TBI-induced loss of PV-positive interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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23
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Carron SF, Alwis DS, Rajan R. Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuronal Functionality Changes in Sensory Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2016; 10:47. [PMID: 27313514 PMCID: PMC4889613 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2016.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), caused by direct blows to the head or inertial forces during relative head-brain movement, can result in long-lasting cognitive and motor deficits which can be particularly consequential when they occur in young people with a long life ahead. Much is known of the molecular and anatomical changes produced in TBI but much less is known of the consequences of these changes to neuronal functionality, especially in the cortex. Given that much of our interior and exterior lives are dependent on responsiveness to information from and about the world around us, we have hypothesized that a significant contributor to the cognitive and motor deficits seen after TBI could be changes in sensory processing. To explore this hypothesis, and to develop a model test system of the changes in neuronal functionality caused by TBI, we have examined neuronal encoding of simple and complex sensory input in the rat’s exploratory and discriminative tactile system, the large face macrovibrissae, which feeds to the so-called “barrel cortex” of somatosensory cortex. In this review we describe the short-term and long-term changes in the barrel cortex encoding of whisker motion modeling naturalistic whisker movement undertaken by rats engaged in a variety of tasks. We demonstrate that the most common form of TBI results in persistent neuronal hyperexcitation specifically in the upper cortical layers, likely due to changes in inhibition. We describe the types of cortical inhibitory neurons and their roles and how selective effects on some of these could produce the particular forms of neuronal encoding changes described in TBI, and then generalize to compare the effects on inhibition seen in other forms of brain injury. From these findings we make specific predictions as to how non-invasive extra-cranial electrophysiology can be used to provide the high-precision information needed to monitor and understand the temporal evolution of changes in neuronal functionality in humans suffering TBI. Such detailed understanding of the specific changes in an individual patient’s cortex can allow for treatment to be tailored to the neuronal changes in that particular patient’s brain in TBI, a precision that is currently unavailable with any technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone F Carron
- Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University Monash, VIC, Australia
| | - Dasuni S Alwis
- Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University Monash, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Neuroscience Research Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash UniversityMonash, VIC, Australia; Ear Sciences Institute of AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
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Carron SF, Yan EB, Alwis DS, Rajan R. Differential susceptibility of cortical and subcortical inhibitory neurons and astrocytes in the long term following diffuse traumatic brain injury. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:3530-3560. [PMID: 27072754 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term diffuse traumatic brain injury (dTBI) causes neuronal hyperexcitation in supragranular layers in sensory cortex, likely through reduced inhibition. Other forms of TBI affect inhibitory interneurons in subcortical areas but it is unknown if this occurs in cortex, or in any brain area in dTBI. We investigated dTBI effects on inhibitory neurons and astrocytes in somatosensory and motor cortex, and hippocampus, 8 weeks post-TBI. Brains were labeled with antibodies against calbindin (CB), parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and somatostatin (SOM) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker for astrogliosis during neurodegeneration. Despite persistent behavioral deficits in rotarod performance up to the time of brain extraction (TBI = 73.13 ± 5.23% mean ± SEM, Sham = 92.29 ± 5.56%, P < 0.01), motor cortex showed only a significant increase, in NPY neurons in supragranular layers (mean cells/mm2 ± SEM, Sham = 16 ± 0.971, TBI = 25 ± 1.51, P = 0.001). In somatosensory cortex, only CR+ neurons showed changes, being decreased in supragranular (TBI = 19 ± 1.18, Sham = 25 ± 1.10, P < 0.01) and increased in infragranular (TBI = 28 ± 1.35, Sham = 24 ± 1.07, P < 0.05) layers. Heterogeneous changes were seen in hippocampal staining: CB+ decreased in dentate gyrus (TBI = 2 ± 0.382, Sham = 4 ± 0.383, P < 0.01), PV+ increased in CA1 (TBI = 39 ± 1.26, Sham = 33 ± 1.69, P < 0.05) and CA2/3 (TBI = 26 ± 2.10, Sham = 20 ± 1.49, P < 0.05), and CR+ decreased in CA1 (TBI = 10 ± 1.02, Sham = 14 ± 1.14, P < 0.05). Astrogliosis significantly increased in corpus callosum (TBI = 6.7 ± 0.69, Sham = 2.5 ± 0.38; P = 0.007). While dTBI effects on inhibitory neurons appear region- and type-specific, a common feature in all cases of decrease was that changes occurred in dendrite targeting interneurons involved in neuronal integration. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3530-3560, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone F Carron
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin B Yan
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dasuni S Alwis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Alekseeva OS, Gusel’nikova VV, Beznin GV, Korzhevskii DE. Prospects for the application of neun nuclear protein as a marker of the functional state of nerve cells in vertebrates. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093015050014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Manuel VRJ, Martin SA, Juan SRJ, Fernando MAL, Frerk M, Thomas K, Christian H. Hypocalcemia as a prognostic factor in mortality and morbidity in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Asian J Neurosurg 2015; 10:190-4. [PMID: 26396605 PMCID: PMC4553730 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.161171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our main objective was to evaluate whether serum hypocalcaemia (defined as <2.1 mmol/L [8.5 mg/dL]) and ionized serum calcium (defined as <1.10 mmol/L [4.5 mg/dL]) is a prognostic factor for mortality and morbidity (defined as Glasgow outcome score [GOS] ≤3) in early moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods: We developed a retrospective study and evaluated clinical profiles from included patients from January 2004 to December 2012. Patients were between 16 and 87 years old and had a Glasgow coma scale of 3–13 points following TBI, with demonstrable intracranial lesions in cranial computed tomography. Results: We found a significant statistical difference (P < 0.008) in the ionized serum calcium levels on the 3rd day of admission between the groups: GOS ≤3 and >3 (disability/death). According with the receiving operative curves analysis, we found that the best level of higher sensitivity (83.76%) and specificity (66.66%) of hypocalcaemia of serum ionized calcium on 3rd day was the value of 1.11 mmol/L, with an odds ratio value of 6.45 (confidence intervals 95%: 2.02–20.55). Conclusions: The serum levels of ionized calcium on day 3 could be useful for the prediction of mortality and disability in patients with moderate and severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinas-Rios Juan Manuel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelic Hospital Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg Germany
| | | | | | | | - Meyer Frerk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelic Hospital Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg Germany
| | - Kretschmer Thomas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelic Hospital Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg Germany
| | - Heinen Christian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelic Hospital Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg Germany
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Takahashi Y, Kanbayashi T, Hoshikawa M, Imanishi A, Sagawa Y, Tsutsui K, Takeda Y, Kusanagi H, Nishino S, Shimizu T. Relationship of orexin (hypocretin) system and astrocyte activation in Parkinson's disease with hypersomnolence. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/sbr.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Takashi Kanbayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS); University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hoshikawa
- Discovery Research Laboratories; Department of Biology and Pharmacology; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Osaka Japan
| | - Aya Imanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Yohei Sagawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Kou Tsutsui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takeda
- Discovery Research Laboratories; Department of Biology and Pharmacology; Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kusanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Seiji Nishino
- Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Laboratory; Stanford University; Palo Alto California USA
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry; Akita University Graduate School of Medicine; Tsukuba Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS); University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
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Freire MAM, Faber J, Lemos NAM, Santos JR, Cavalcanti PF, Lima RH, Morya E. Distribution and Morphology of Calcium-Binding Proteins Immunoreactive Neurons following Chronic Tungsten Multielectrode Implants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130354. [PMID: 26098896 PMCID: PMC4476592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic approaches to improve the life quality of people suffering from different types of body paralysis is a current major medical challenge. Brain-machine interface (BMI) can potentially help reestablishing lost sensory and motor functions, allowing patients to use their own brain activity to restore sensorimotor control of paralyzed body parts. Chronic implants of multielectrodes, employed to record neural activity directly from the brain parenchyma, constitute the fundamental component of a BMI. However, before this technique may be effectively available to human clinical trials, it is essential to characterize its long-term impact on the nervous tissue in animal models. In the present study we evaluated how chronic implanted tungsten microelectrode arrays impact the distribution and morphology of interneurons reactive to calcium-binding proteins calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) across the rat’s motor cortex. Our results revealed that chronic microelectrode arrays were well tolerated by the nervous tissue, with recordings remaining viable for up to 6 months after implantation. Furthermore, neither the morphology nor the distribution of inhibitory neurons were broadly impacted. Moreover, restricted microglial activation was observed on the implanted sites. On the whole, our results confirm and expand the notion that tungsten multielectrodes can be deemed as a feasible candidate to future human BMI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurelio M. Freire
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neurosciences (ELS-IIN), Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, RN, Brazil
| | - Jean Faber
- Laboratory of Neuroengineering, Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson Alessandretti M. Lemos
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neurosciences (ELS-IIN), Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, RN, Brazil
| | - Jose Ronaldo Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Itabaiana, SE, Brazil
| | - Pedro França Cavalcanti
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neurosciences (ELS-IIN), Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, RN, Brazil
| | - Ramon Hypolito Lima
- Memory Studies Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neurosciences (ELS-IIN), Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, RN, Brazil
- Associação Alberto Santos Dumont para Apoio a Pesquisa, Sirio-Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Steuer E, Schaefer ML, Belluscio L. Using the olfactory system as an in vivo model to study traumatic brain injury and repair. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1277-91. [PMID: 24694002 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of olfactory function is an early indicator of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The regenerative capacity and well-defined neural maps of the mammalian olfactory system enable investigations into the degeneration and recovery of neural circuits after injury. Here, we introduce a unique olfactory-based model of TBI that reproduces many hallmarks associated with human brain trauma. We performed a unilateral penetrating impact to the mouse olfactory bulb and observed a significant loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) ipsilateral to the injury, but not contralateral. By comparison, we detected the injury markers p75(NTR), β-APP, and activated caspase-3 in both the ipsi- and contralateral OE. In the olfactory bulb (OB), we observed a graded cell loss, with ipsilateral showing a greater reduction than contralateral and both significantly less than sham. Similar to OE, injury markers in the OB were primarily detected on the ipsilateral side, but also observed contralaterally. Behavioral experiments measured 4 days after impact also demonstrated loss of olfactory function, yet following a 30-day recovery period, we observed a significant improvement in olfactory function and partial recovery of olfactory circuitry, despite the persistence of TBI markers. Interestingly, by using the M71-IRES-tauLacZ reporter line to track OSN organization, we further determined that inducing neural activity during the recovery period with intense odor conditioning did not enhance the recovery process. Together, these data establish the mouse olfactory system as a new model to study TBI, serving as a platform to understand neural disruption and the potential for circuit restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Steuer
- 1 Developmental Neural Plasticity Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Post-traumatic epilepsy accounts for 10-20% of symptomatic epilepsy in the general population and 5% of all epilepsy. During the last decade, an increasing number of laboratories have investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms of post-traumatic epileptogenesis in experimental models. However, identification of critical molecular, cellular, and network mechanisms that would be specific for post-traumatic epileptogenesis remains a challenge. Despite of that, 7 of 9 proof-of-concept antiepileptogenesis studies have demonstrated some effect on seizure susceptibility after experimental traumatic brain injury, even though none of them has progressed to clinic. Moreover, there has been some promise that new clinically translatable imaging approaches can identify biomarkers for post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Even though the progress in combating post-traumatic epileptogenesis happens in small steps, recent discoveries kindle hope for identification of treatment strategies to prevent post-traumatic epilepsy in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland,
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Cantu D, Walker K, Andresen L, Taylor-Weiner A, Hampton D, Tesco G, Dulla CG. Traumatic Brain Injury Increases Cortical Glutamate Network Activity by Compromising GABAergic Control. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:2306-20. [PMID: 24610117 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor for developing pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. Although disruptions in brain circuitry are associated with TBI, the precise mechanisms by which brain injury leads to epileptiform network activity is unknown. Using controlled cortical impact (CCI) as a model of TBI, we examined how cortical excitability and glutamatergic signaling was altered following injury. We optically mapped cortical glutamate signaling using FRET-based glutamate biosensors, while simultaneously recording cortical field potentials in acute brain slices 2-4 weeks following CCI. Cortical electrical stimulation evoked polyphasic, epileptiform field potentials and disrupted the input-output relationship in deep layers of CCI-injured cortex. High-speed glutamate biosensor imaging showed that glutamate signaling was significantly increased in the injured cortex. Elevated glutamate responses correlated with epileptiform activity, were highest directly adjacent to the injury, and spread via deep cortical layers. Immunoreactivity for markers of GABAergic interneurons were significantly decreased throughout CCI cortex. Lastly, spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency decreased and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current increased after CCI injury. Our results suggest that specific cortical neuronal microcircuits may initiate and facilitate the spread of epileptiform activity following TBI. Increased glutamatergic signaling due to loss of GABAergic control may provide a mechanism by which TBI can give rise to post-traumatic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cantu
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, SC201, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Kendall Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, A305, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lauren Andresen
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, SC201, Boston, MA 02111, USA Program in Neuroscience at the Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University
| | - Amaro Taylor-Weiner
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, SC201, Boston, MA 02111, USA Current address: Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David Hampton
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, SC201, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Giuseppina Tesco
- Department of Neuroscience, Alzheimer's Disease Research Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, A305, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Chris G Dulla
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, SC201, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Vinas-Rios JM, Sanchez-Aguilar M, Sanchez-Rodriguez JJ, Gonzalez-Aguirre D, Heinen C, Meyer F, Kretschmer T. Hypocalcaemia as a prognostic factor of early mortality in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. Neurol Res 2013; 36:102-6. [PMID: 24139087 DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our main objective was to evaluate whether serum hypocalcaemia on the third day [defined as < 2.1 mmol/l (8.5 mg/dl)] is a prognostic factor for early mortality after moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS We developed an ambispective comparative case control study. We evaluated clinical profiles from included patients from January 2005 to July 2009 and we prospectively recruited additional patients from August 2009 to July 2011. Patients were between 1 and 89 years old and had a Glasgow Coma Scale of 3-12 points following TBI. RESULTS We calculated an Odds Ratio of 5.2 (Confidence Intervals 95%: 4.48 to 6.032) for hypocalcaemia on day three, which was associated with death. Retrospectively (January 2005 to July 2009) we compiled data from 81 patients. Prospectively (August 2009 to July 2011) we recruited 41 patients. The adjusted variables in the logistic regression final model were: serum calcium on day three (Odds Ratio 3.5, Confidence Intervals 95%: 1·12 to 13·61, P < 0·028) and anisocoria (Odds Ratio 8·24, Confidence Intervals 95%: 1·3 to 67·35, P < 0·019) obtaining an adjusted R2 of 0·22 (P < 0·005). DISCUSSION The serum levels of calcium on day three could be useful for the prediction of mortality in patients with moderate and severe TBI.
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Riascos D, Buriticá E, Jiménez E, Castro O, Guzmán F, Palacios M, Garcia-Cairasco N, Geula C, Escobar M, Pimienta H. Neurodegenerative Diversity in human cortical contusion: Histological analysis of tissue derived from decompressive craniectomy. Brain Res 2013; 1537:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bagnato S, Boccagni C, Sant’Angelo A, Prestandrea C, Rizzo S, Galardi G. Patients in a vegetative state following traumatic brain injury display a reduced intracortical modulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:1937-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Riascos D, de Leon D, Baker-Nigh A, Nicholas A, Yukhananov R, Bu J, Wu CK, Geula C. Age-related loss of calcium buffering and selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2011; 122:565-76. [PMID: 21874328 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reasons for the selective vulnerability of distinct neuronal populations in neurodegenerative disorders are unknown. The cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain are vulnerable to pathology and loss early in Alzheimer's disease and in a number of other neurodegenerative disorders of the elderly. In the primate, including man, these neurons are rich in the calcium buffer calbindin-D(28K). Here, we confirm that these neurons undergo a substantial loss of calbindin in the course of normal aging and report a further loss of calbindin in Alzheimer's disease both at the level of RNA and protein. Significantly, cholinergic neurons that had lost their calbindin in the course of normal aging were those that selectively degenerated in Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, calbindin-containing neurons were virtually resistant to the process of tangle formation, a hallmark of the disease. We conclude that the loss of calcium buffering capacity in these neurons and the resultant pathological increase in intracellular calcium are permissive to tangle formation and degeneration.
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Jin X, Huguenard JR, Prince DA. Reorganization of inhibitory synaptic circuits in rodent chronically injured epileptogenic neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2010; 21:1094-104. [PMID: 20855494 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced synaptic inhibition is an important factor contributing to posttraumatic epileptogenesis. Axonal sprouting and enhanced excitatory synaptic connectivity onto rodent layer V pyramidal (Pyr) neurons occur in epileptogenic partially isolated (undercut) neocortex. To determine if enhanced excitation also affects inhibitory circuits, we used laser scanning photostimulation of caged glutamate and whole-cell recordings from GAD67-GFP-expressing mouse fast spiking (FS) interneurons and Pyr cells in control and undercut in vitro slices to map excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Results are 1) the region-normalized excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) amplitudes and proportion of uncaging sites from which EPSCs could be evoked (hotspot ratio) "increased" significantly in FS cells of undercut slices; 2) in contrast, these parameters were significantly "decreased" for inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in undercut FS cells; and 3) in rat layer V Pyr neurons, we found significant decreases in IPSCs in undercut versus control Pyr neurons. The decreases were mainly located in layers II and IV, suggesting a reduction in the efficacy of interlaminar synaptic inhibition. Results suggest that there is significant synaptic reorganization in this model of posttraumatic epilepsy, resulting in increased excitatory drive and reduced inhibitory input to FS interneurons that should enhance their inhibitory output and, in part, offset similar alterations in innervation of Pyr cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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