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Huang H, Liu X, Wang J, Suo M, Zhang J, Sun T, Zhang W, Li Z. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1215698. [PMID: 37601097 PMCID: PMC10439242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1215698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is thought to be a major contributor to low back pain, the etiology of which is complex and not yet fully understood. To compensate for the lack of drug and surgical treatment, mesenchymal stem cells have been proposed for regenerative treatment of intervertebral discs in recent years, and encouraging results have been achieved in related trials. Mesenchymal stem cells can be derived from different parts of the body, among which mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the fetal umbilical cord have excellent performance in terms of difficulty of acquisition, differentiation potential, immunogenicity and ethical risk. This makes it possible for umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells to replace the most widely used bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells as the first choice for regenerating intervertebral discs. However, the survival of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells within the intervertebral disc is a major factor affecting their regenerative capacity. In recent years biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering have aided the survival of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by mimicking the natural extracellular matrix. This seems to provide a new idea for the application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. This article reviews the structure of the intervertebral disc, disc degeneration, and the strengths and weaknesses of common treatment methods. We focus on the cell source, cell characteristics, mechanism of action and related experiments to summarize the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and explore the feasibility of tissue engineering technology of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Moran Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Demott CJ, Grunlan MA. Emerging polymeric material strategies for cartilage repair. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9578-9589. [PMID: 36373438 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02005j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is found throughout the body, serving an array of essential functions. Owing to the limited healing capacity of cartilage, damage or degeneration is often permanent and so requires clinical intervention. Established surgical techniques generally rely on biological grafting. However, recent advances in polymeric materials provide an encouraging alternative to overcome limits of auto- and allografts. For regenerative engineering of cartilage, a polymeric scaffold ideally supports and instructs tissue regeneration while also providing mechanical integrity. Scaffolds direct regeneration via chemical and mechanical cues, as well as delivery and support of exogenous cells and bioactive factors. Advanced polymeric scaffolds aim to direct regeneration locally, replicating the heterogeneities of native tissues. Alternatively, new cartilage-mimetic hydrogels have potential to serve as synthetic cartilage replacements. Prepared as multi-network or composite hydrogels, the most promising candidates have simultaneously realized the hydration, mechanical, and tribological properties of native cartilage. Collectively, the recent rise in polymers for cartilage regeneration and replacement proposes a changing paradigm, with a new generation of materials paving the way for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Demott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA
| | - Melissa A Grunlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA.,Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3003, USA.
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Guo T, Zhang X, Hu Y, Lin M, Zhang R, Chen X, Yu D, Yao X, Wang P, Zhou H. New Hope for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Microsphere-Based Delivery System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:933901. [PMID: 35928951 PMCID: PMC9343804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.933901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) has been considered the dominant factor in low back pain (LBP), and its etiological mechanisms are complex and not yet fully elucidated. To date, the treatment of IVDD has mainly focused on relieving clinical symptoms and cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Recently, a novel microsphere-based therapeutic strategy has held promise for IVD regeneration and has yielded encouraging results with in vitro experiments and animal models. With excellent injectability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, this microsphere carrier allows for targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs, gene regulatory sequences, and other bioactive substances and supports cell implantation and directed differentiation, aiming to improve the disease state of IVD at the source. This review discusses the possible mechanisms of IVDD and the limitations of current therapies, focusing on the application of microsphere delivery systems in IVDD, including targeted delivery of active substances and drugs, cellular therapy, and gene therapy, and attempts to provide a new understanding for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taowen Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyu Zhou, ; Xiaobo Zhang,
| | - Yicun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Maoqiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dechen Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- Xigu District People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyu Zhou, ; Xiaobo Zhang,
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