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Heyman E, Meeremans M, Van Poucke M, Peelman L, Devriendt B, De Schauwer C. Validation of multiparametric panels for bovine mesenchymal stromal cell phenotyping. Cytometry A 2023; 103:744-755. [PMID: 37173856 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display important features that render them valuable for cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies, such as self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, as well as immunomodulatory properties. These cells are also promising candidates to produce cultured meat. For all these applications, it is imperative to unequivocally identify this cell population. The isolation and in vitro tri-lineage differentiation of bovine MSCs is already described, but data on their immunophenotypic characterization is not yet complete. The currently limited availability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for bovine MSC markers strongly hampers this research. Following the minimal criteria defined for human MSCs, bovine MSCs should express CD73, CD90, and CD105 and lack expression of CD14 or CD11b, CD34, CD45, CD79α, or CD19, and MHC-II. Additional surface proteins which have been reported to be expressed include CD29, CD44, and CD106. In this study, we aimed to immunophenotype bovine adipose tissue (AT)-derived MSCs using multi-color flow cytometry. To this end, 13 commercial Abs were screened for recognizing bovine epitopes using the appropriate positive controls. Using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, cross-reactivity was confirmed for CD34, CD73, CD79α, and CD90. Unfortunately, none of the evaluated CD105 and CD106 Abs cross-reacted with bovine cells. Subsequently, AT-derived bovine MSCs were characterized using multi-color flow cytometry based on their expression of nine markers. Bovine MSCs clearly expressed CD29 and CD44, and lacked expression of CD14, CD45, CD73, CD79α, and MHCII, while a variable expression was observed for CD34 and CD90. In addition, the mRNA transcription level of different markers was analyzed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Using these panels, bovine MSCs can be properly immunophenotyped which allows a better characterization of this heterogenous cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Heyman
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Meeremans
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Van Poucke
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Peelman
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Heyman E, Meeremans M, Devriendt B, Olenic M, Chiers K, De Schauwer C. Validation of a color deconvolution method to quantify MSC tri-lineage differentiation across species. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:987045. [PMID: 36311666 PMCID: PMC9608146 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.987045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate for both human and veterinary regenerative medicine applications because of their abundance and ability to differentiate into several lineages. Mesenchymal stem cells are however a heterogeneous cell population and as such, it is imperative that they are unequivocally characterized to acquire reproducible results in clinical trials. Although the tri-lineage differentiation potential of MSCs is reported in most veterinary studies, a qualitative evaluation of representative histological images does not always unambiguously confirm tri-lineage differentiation. Moreover, potential differences in differentiation capacity are not identified. Therefore, quantification of tri-lineage differentiation would greatly enhance proper characterization of MSCs. In this study, a method to quantify the tri-lineage differentiation potential of MSCs is described using digital image analysis, based on the color deconvolution plug-in (ImageJ). Mesenchymal stem cells from three species, i.e., bovine, equine, and porcine, were differentiated toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. Subsequently, differentiated MSCs were stained with Oil Red O, Alcian Blue, and Alizarin Red S, respectively. Next, a differentiation ratio (DR) was obtained by dividing the area % of the differentiation signal by the area % of the nuclear signal. Although MSCs isolated from all donors in all species were capable of tri-lineage differentiation, differences were demonstrated between donors using this quantitative DR. Our straightforward, simple but robust method represents an elegant approach to determine the degree of MSC tri-lineage differentiation across species. As such, differences in differentiation potential within the heterogeneous MSC population and between different MSC sources can easily be identified, which will support further optimization of regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Heyman
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium,*Correspondence: Emma Heyman
| | - Marguerite Meeremans
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maria Olenic
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium,Tissue Engineering Lab, Muscles and Movement Group, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Veterinary Stem Cell Research Unit, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Taylor SD, Serpa PBS, Santos AP, Hart KA, Vaughn SA, Moore GE, Mukhopadhyay A, Page AE. Effects of intravenous administration of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells after infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1491-1501. [PMID: 35698909 PMCID: PMC9308407 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systemic and dysregulated immune response to infection contributes to morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSC) mitigate inflammation in animal models of sepsis. Allogeneic PB-MSC administered IV to horses is well-tolerated but therapeutic benefits are unknown. HYPOTHESIS After IV lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, horses treated with PB-MSC would have less severe clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress compared to controls administered a placebo. ANIMALS Sixteen horses were included in this study. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled experimental trial was performed. Sixteen healthy horses were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (1 × 109 PB-MSC or saline placebo). Treatments were administered 30 minutes after completion of LPS infusion of approximately 30 ng/kg. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress markers were assessed at various time points over a 24-hour period. RESULTS A predictable response to IV LPS infusion was observed in all horses. At the dose administered, there was no significant effect of PB-MSC on clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, or inflammatory cytokine gene expression at any time point. Antioxidant potential was not different between treatment groups, but intracellular ROS increased over time in the placebo group. Other variables that changed over time were likely due to effects of IV LPS infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Administration of allogeneic PB-MSC did not cause clinically detectable adverse effects in healthy horses. The dose of PB-MSC used here is unlikely to exert a beneficial effect in endotoxemic horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Vaughn
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Allen E Page
- Gluck Equine Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Pilgrim CR, McCahill KA, Rops JG, Dufour JM, Russell KA, Koch TG. A Review of Fetal Bovine Serum in the Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Potential Alternatives for Veterinary Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:859025. [PMID: 35591873 PMCID: PMC9111178 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.859025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal bovine serum (FBS) remains widely used as a supplement in cell culture media used in the isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) despite longstanding practical, clinical, and ethical concerns over its use. As a result, research on alternative culture media supplement solutions that conserve crucial MSC characteristics has become increasingly relevant. Species-specific supplements and serum-free media such as platelet lysate or chemically defined media have been assessed for their effect in MSC cultures regarding proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capacity. While none of the alternatives offer a complete solution in replacing traditional FBS supplemented media for culturing MSCs for all species, short-term or transitional use of FBS-free media can perform equally well and could address some of the concerns over the use of FBS.
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Meeremans M, Van Damme L, De Spiegelaere W, Van Vlierberghe S, De Schauwer C. Equine Tenocyte Seeding on Gelatin Hydrogels Improves Elongated Morphology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:747. [PMID: 33670848 PMCID: PMC7957613 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Tendinopathy is a common injury in both human and equine athletes. Representative in vitro models are mandatory to facilitate translation of fundamental research into successful clinical treatments. Natural biomaterials like gelatin provide favorable cell binding characteristics and are easily modifiable. In this study, methacrylated gelatin (gel-MA) and norbornene-functionalized gelatin (gel-NB), crosslinked with 1,4-dithiotreitol (DTT) or thiolated gelatin (gel-SH) were compared. (2) Methods: The physicochemical properties (1H-NMR spectroscopy, gel fraction, swelling ratio, and storage modulus) and equine tenocyte characteristics (proliferation, viability, and morphology) of four different hydrogels (gel-MA, gel-NB85/DTT, gel-NB55/DTT, and gel-NB85/SH75) were evaluated. Cellular functionality was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy (viability assay and focal adhesion staining). (3) Results: The thiol-ene based hydrogels showed a significantly lower gel fraction/storage modulus and a higher swelling ratio compared to gel-MA. Significantly less tenocytes were observed on gel-MA discs at 14 days compared to gel-NB85/DTT, gel-NB55/DTT and gel-NB85/SH75. At 7 and 14 days, the characteristic elongated morphology of tenocytes was significantly more pronounced on gel-NB85/DTT and gel-NB55/DTT in contrast to TCP and gel-MA. (4) Conclusions: Thiol-ene crosslinked gelatins exploiting DTT as a crosslinker are the preferred biomaterials to support the culture of tenocytes. Follow-up experiments will evaluate these biomaterials in more complex models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Meeremans
- Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Lana Van Damme
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.V.D.); (S.V.V.)
| | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-Bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (L.V.D.); (S.V.V.)
| | - Catharina De Schauwer
- Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
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Zhang J, Zhao J, Mao Q, Xia H. A simple, efficient and economical method for isolating and culturing human umbilical cord blood‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:5257-5264. [PMID: 31661118 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold broad therapeutic potential in various diseases, however, it is difficult to produce sufficient numbers of MSCs for clinical application, therefore, improved culture systems are required. The present study aimed to develop a novel method for isolating and culturing human umbilical cord blood‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCB‑MSCs). A sequential culture method was developed that uses two types of culture media to optimize the isolation and culture of hUCB‑MSCs. First, DMEM supplemented with mesenchymal stem cell growth supplement was used to improve the colony formation and primary culture success rates of hUCB‑MSCs. Then, after removing the heterogeneous cell population, ordinary DMEM was used from the fourth passage. This method obtained hUCB‑MSCs with high culture efficiency and at a greatly reduced cost. The optimal culture conditions were determined and the hUCB‑MSCs were phenotypically characterized after passaging. Taken together, this simple, efficient and economical method can produce a large number of high‑quality hUCB‑MSCs in <1 month, therefore facilitating the future clinical applications of hUCB‑MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Junli Zhao
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
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Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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8
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Lepage SIM, Lee OJ, Koch TG. Equine Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Have Greater Differentiation and Similar Immunosuppressive Potential to Cord Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:227-237. [PMID: 30484372 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the most common cell population studied for therapeutic use in veterinary medicine. MSCs obtained from neonatal sources such as umbilical cord tissue (CT-MSCs) or cord blood (CB-MSCs) are appealing due to the non-invasive nature of procurement and the time allowed for characterization of cells before use. However, it remains unclear as to whether CB- or CT-MSCs have equivalent progenitor and non-progenitor functions. CB-MSCs have been shown to have superior chondrogenic potential to MSCs from other sources, whereas their immunomodulatory capacity does not seem to vary significantly. Using equine CB-MSCs and CT-MSCs from the same donors, we hypothesized that MSCs from both sources would have a similar immunophenotype, that CB-MSCs would be more amenable to differentiation, and that they can equally suppress lymphocyte proliferation. We evaluated cells from both sources for "classic" equine MSC markers CD90, CD105, CD29, and CD44, as well as pericyte markers CD146, NG2, and α-SMA. Contrary to our hypothesis, CB-MSCs showed mid- to high expression of pericyte surface markers CD146 and NG2, whereas expression in CT-MSCs was absent. On trilineage differentiation, CB-MSCs were more osteogenic and chondrogenic based on alkaline phosphatase activity and glycosaminoglycan content, respectively. Finally, using a mononuclear cell (MNC) suppression assay, we determined that both CB-MSCs and CT-MSCs are capable of suppressing stimulated MNC proliferation to a similar degree. We have determined that the choice of MSC tissue source should be made with the intended application in mind. This appears to be particularly relevant if pursuing a progenitor-based treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I M Lepage
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Olivia J Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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9
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Manda JK, Tchokonte-Nana V. Immunohistochemical characterization of pancreatic duodenal homeobox protein-1, neurogenin-3, and insulin protein expressions in islet-mesenchymal cell in vitro: a morphochronological evaluation. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21:1126-1132. [PMID: 30483385 PMCID: PMC6251389 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.26688.6536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juziel K Manda
- Islet and MSK Research Group, Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Venant Tchokonte-Nana
- Islet and MSK Research Group, Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Western Cape, South Africa
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10
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Alizadeh AH, Briah R, Villagomez DAF, King WA, Koch TG. Cell Identity, Proliferation, and Cytogenetic Assessment of Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1729-1738. [PMID: 30251918 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to determine proliferation capacity, immunophenotype and genome integrity of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from horse umbilical cord blood (UCB) at passage stage 5 and 10. Passage 4 cryopreserved UCB-MSCs from six unrelated donors were evaluated. Immunophenotypic analysis of UCB-MSC revealed a cell identity consistent with equine MSC phenotype by high expression of CD90, CD44, CD29, and very low expression of CD4, CD11a/18, CD73, and MHC class I and II antigens. Proliferative differences were noted among the UCB-MSC cultures. UCB-MSCs karyotype characteristics at passage 5 (eg, 2n = 64; XY, or XX) included 20% polyploidy and 62% aneuploidy. At passage 10, the proportion of polyploidy and aneuploidy was 21% and 82%, respectively, with the increase in aneuploidy being significant compared with passage 5. Furthermore, conventional GTG-banded karyotyping revealed several structural chromosome abnormalities at both passage 5 and 10. The clinical relevance of such chromosome instability is unknown, but determination of MSC cytogenetic status and monitoring of patient response to MSC therapies would help address this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Alizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ritesh Briah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A F Villagomez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - William A King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas G Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Manda JK, Page BJ, Tchokonte-Nana V. Mesenchymal cells are required for epithelial duct cell-to-beta cell maturation and function in an injured adult pancreas in the rat. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:689-95. [PMID: 28847601 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The islet, the endocrine portion of the pancreas - develops from an invagination of the pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDECs) into the surrounding tissue. The contact of the PDECs with mesenchymal cells (MSCs) may be an essential drive for endocrine cell fate. During pancreatic development, cells that express Neurogenin-3 (Ngn3) biomarker are precursors of insulin- producing beta cells. These precursors have been reported in the neogenesis of islets from adult tissues following the surgical ligation of the main pancreatic duct (PDL). But the capacity of these precursors to induce the appropriate signals to complete the entire neogenesis program has been questioned. We studied the fate of co-culture of PDECs and MSCs from the ligated adult pancreas and established the exact location of adult stem- or progenitor-like cells that give rise to beta cells. PDECs were cultured in direct contact with or without MSCs in serum-containing culture media. The cytomorphology of the cells in co-cultures was determined and the immunocytochemical study of the cells was carried out using anti-Ngn3, anti-insulin and anti-cytokeratin-7 (CK7) antibodies. Both the PDEC/MSC- and PDEC/MSC+ cultures showed out- pocketing from duct epithelium by the end of the second week, which are distinct as cell clusters only in PDEC/MSC+ cells later in week four, exhibiting numerous branching ducts. Co-expression of Ngn3 with insulin was observed in both cultures from the second week. However, characterizations of these Ngn3+ cells in the PDEC/MSC+ culture revealed that these cells also co-expressed a CK7 biomarker. This study provides new evidence of the ductal epithelial nature of beta cells in injured adult pancreata; and that the mesenchymal stromal cells are required to sustain Ngn3 expression for beta cell maturation and function.
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12
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Pennington MR, Curtis TM, Divers TJ, Wagner B, Ness SL, Tennant BC, Van de Walle GR. Equine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Sources Efficiently Differentiate into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:596-607. [PMID: 27113698 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult equine hepatocytes have proven challenging to culture long term in vitro as they rapidly lose their morphology and functionality, thus limiting studies on liver function and response to disease. In this study, we describe for the first time the differentiation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from a variety of sources into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLC). First, we differentiated equine umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived MSC into HLC and found that these cells exhibited a distinct polygonal morphology, stored glycogen as visualized by periodic acid Schiff's reagent staining, and were positive for albumin and other hepatocyte-specific genes. Second, we demonstrated that UCB-HLC could be revived following cryopreservation and retained their phenotype for at least 10 days. Third, we differentiated three sets of MSC from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), and peripheral blood (PB), matched within the same horse. We achieved a 100% differentiation success rate with BM, 0% with AT, and 66% with PB. An additional set of nine PB-MSC samples resulted in an overall success rate of 42% (n = 12), and age or gender did not seem to have an effect on the success of hepatic differentiation from that source. In a final set of experiments, we evaluated the use of these HLC as tools in different fields of biomedical research like virology, to study viral growth, and toxicology, to study chemicals with hepatic toxicity. Equine HLC were found susceptible for infection with the equine herpesviruses type 1 (EHV-1), -2, and -5, and exhibited a more sensitive dose-dependent response to arsenic toxicity than the commonly used human hepatocellular cell line HepG2. Taken together, these data indicate that equine MSC can be efficiently differentiated into HLC and these equine HLC could be a useful tool for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pennington
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Theresa M Curtis
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,2 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Cortland , Cortland, New York
| | - Thomas J Divers
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Bettina Wagner
- 4 Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - SallyAnne L Ness
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York.,3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Bud C Tennant
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- 1 Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York
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Cokelaere S, Malda J, van Weeren R. Cartilage defect repair in horses: Current strategies and recent developments in regenerative medicine of the equine joint with emphasis on the surgical approach. Vet J 2016; 214:61-71. [PMID: 27387728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chondral and osteochondral lesions due to injury or other pathology are highly prevalent conditions in horses (and humans) and commonly result in the development of osteoarthritis and progression of joint deterioration. Regenerative medicine of articular cartilage is an emerging clinical treatment option for patients with articular cartilage injury or disease. Functional articular cartilage restoration, however, remains a major challenge, but the field is progressing rapidly and there is an increasing body of supportive clinical and scientific evidence. This review gives an overview of the established and emerging surgical techniques employed for cartilage repair in horses. Through a growing insight in surgical cartilage repair possibilities, surgeons might be more stimulated to explore novel techniques in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cokelaere
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands.
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, NL, Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM Utrecht, NL, Netherlands
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Abstract
Damage to the articular cartilage surface is common in the equine athlete and, due to the poor intrinsic healing capabilities of cartilage, can lead to osteoarthritis (OA). Joint disease and OA are the leading cause of retirement in equine athletes and currently there are no effective treatments to stop the progression of OA. Several different cell-based strategies have been investigated to bolster the weak regenerative response of chondrocytes. Such techniques aim to restore the articular surface and prevent further joint degradation. Cell-based cartilage repair strategies include enhancement of endogenous repair mechanisms by recruitment of stem cells from the bone marrow following perforation of the subchondral bone plate; osteochondral implantation; implantation of chondrocytes that are maintained in defects by either a membrane cover or scaffold, and transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells into cartilage lesions. More recently, bioengineered cartilage and scaffoldless cartilage have been investigated for enhancing repair. This review article focuses on the multitude of cell-based repair techniques for cartilage repair across several species, with special attention paid to the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla F Ortved
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Alan J Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
The horse is an attractive model for many human age-related degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system because it is a large animal species that both ages and exercises, and develops naturally occurring injuries with many similarities to the human counterpart. It therefore represents an ideal species to use as a 'proving ground' for new therapies, most notably regenerative medicine. Regenerative techniques using cell-based therapies for the treatment of equine musculoskeletal disease have been in use for over a decade. This review article provides a summary overview of the sources, current challenges and problems surrounding the use of stem cell and non-cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine in horses and is based on presentations from a recent Havemeyer symposium on equine regenerative medicine where speakers are selected from leading authorities in both equine and human regenerative medicine fields from 10 different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Kw Smith
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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Tessier L, Bienzle D, Williams LB, Koch TG. Phenotypic and immunomodulatory properties of equine cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122954. [PMID: 25902064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have attracted interest for their cytotherapeutic potential, partly due to their immunomodulatory abilities. The aim of this study was to test the robustness of our equine cord blood (CB) MSC isolation protocol, to characterize the CB-MSC before and after cryopreservation, and to evaluate their immunosuppressive phenotype. We hypothesized that MSC can be consistently isolated from equine CB, have unique and reproducible marker expression and in vitro suppress lymphoproliferation. Preliminary investigation of constitutive cytoplasmic Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 4 expression was also preformed due to their possible association with anti- or pro-inflammatory MSC phenotypes, respectively. Surface markers were assessed for antigen and mRNA expression by flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Immunomodulatory properties were evaluated in mixed lymphocyte reaction assays, and TLR3 and TLR4 expression were measured by qPCR and immunocytochemistry (ICC). CB-MSC were isolated from each off nine cord blood samples. CB-MSC highly expressed CD29, CD44, CD90, and lacked or had low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC-II, CD4, CD8, CD11a/18 and CD73 before and after cryopreservation. CB-MSC suppressed in vitro lymphoproliferation and constitutively expressed TLR4. Our findings confirmed CB as a reliable MSC source, provides an association of surface marker phenotype and mRNA expression and suggest anti-inflammatory properties of CB-MSC. The relationship between TLRs and lymphocyte function warrants further investigation.
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Zhu J, Lu H, Cui Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhao W, Fu Q, Xu Y, Xu Y, Song L. Therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells on erectile function in rats with cavernous nerve injury. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1515-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Iacono E, Rossi B, Merlo B. Stem cells from foetal adnexa and fluid in domestic animals: an update on their features and clinical application. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:353-64. [PMID: 25703812 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cell research has emerged as an area of major interest for its potential in regenerative medicine applications. This is in constant need of new cell sources to conceive regenerative medicine approaches for diseases that are still without therapy. Scientists drew the attention towards alternative sources such as foetal adnexa and fluid, as these sources possess many advantages: first of all, cells can be extracted from discarded foetal material and it is non-invasive and inexpensive for the patient; secondly, abundant stem cells can be obtained; and finally, these stem cell sources are free from ethical considerations. Cells derived from foetal adnexa and fluid preserve some of the characteristics of the primitive embryonic layers from which they originate. Many studies have demonstrated the differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo towards mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell types; in addition, the immune-modulatory properties make these cells a good candidate for allo- and xenotransplantation. Naturally occurring diseases in domestic animals can be more ideal as disease model of human genetic and acquired diseases and could help to define the potential therapeutic use efficiency and safety of stem cells therapies. This review offers an update on the state of the art of characterization of domestic animals' MSCs derived from foetal adnexa and fluid and on the latest findings in pre-clinical or clinical setting of the stem cell populations isolated from these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia (Bo), Italy
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Mohanty N, Gulati BR, Kumar R, Gera S, Kumar S, Kumar P, Yadav PS. Phenotypical and functional characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine umbilical cord blood. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:795-807. [PMID: 25487085 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer promise as therapeutic aid in the repair of tendon and ligament injuries in race horses. Fetal adnexa is considered as an ideal source of MSCs due to many advantages, including non-invasive nature of isolation procedures and availability of large tissue mass for harvesting the cells. However, MSCs isolated from equine fetal adnexa have not been fully characterized due to lack of species-specific markers. Therefore, this study was carried out to isolate MSCs from equine umbilical cord blood (UCB) and characterize them using cross-reactive markers. The plastic-adherent cells could be isolated from 13 out of 20 (65 %) UCB samples. The UCB derived cells proliferated till passage 20 with average cell doubling time of 46.40 ± 2.86 h. These cells expressed mesenchymal surface markers but did not express haematopoietic/leucocytic markers by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. The phenotypic expression of CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD90 was shown by 96.36 ± 1.28, 93.40 ± 0.70, 73.23 ± 1.29 and 46.75 ± 3.95 % cells, respectively in flow cytometry, whereas, reactivity against the haematopoietic antigens CD34 and CD45 was observed only in 2.4 ± 0.20 and 0.1 ± 0.0 % of cells, respectively. Osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation could be achieved using established methods, whereas the optimum adipogenic differentiation was achieved after supplementing media with 15 % rabbit serum and 20 ng/ml of recombinant human insulin. In this study, we optimized methodology for isolation, cultural characterization, differentiation and immunophenotyping of MSCs from equine UCB. Protocols and markers used in this study can be employed for unequivocal characterization of equine MSCs.
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De Schauwer C, Goossens K, Piepers S, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JLJ, Smits K, Meyer E, Van Soom A, Van de Walle GR. Characterization and profiling of immunomodulatory genes of equine mesenchymal stromal cells from non-invasive sources. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:6. [PMID: 24418262 PMCID: PMC4055120 DOI: 10.1186/scrt395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their promising capabilities in regenerative medicine. Although bone marrow is the best-known source for isolating equine MSCs, non-invasive alternative sources such as umbilical cord blood (UCB), umbilical cord matrix (UCM), and peripheral blood (PB) have also been reported. Methods Equine MSCs from three non-invasive alternative sources were isolated from six individual mares (PB) and their foals (UCB and UCM) at parturition. To minimize inter-horse variability, the samples from the three sources were matched within the same mare and for UCB and UCM even within the same foal from that specific mare. The following parameters were analyzed: (i) success rate of isolation, (ii) proliferation capacity, (iii) tri-lineage differentiation ability, (iv) immunophenotypical protein, and (v) immunomodulatory mRNA profiles. Linear regression models were fit to determine the association between the source of MSCs (UCB, UCM, PB) and (i) the moment of first observation, (ii) the moment of first passage, (iii) cell proliferation data, (iv) the expression of markers related to cell immunogenicity, and (v) the mRNA profile of immunomodulatory factors, except for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as no normal distribution could be obtained for the latter variable. To evaluate the association between the source of MSCs and the mRNA expression of HGF, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was performed instead. Results While equine MSCs could be isolated from all the UCB and PB samples, isolation from UCM was successful in only two samples because of contamination issues. Proliferation data showed that equine MSCs from all three sources could be easily expanded, although UCB-derived MSCs appeared significantly faster in culture than PB- or UCM-derived MSCs. Equine MSCs from both UCB and PB could be differentiated toward the osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic lineage, in contrast to UCM-derived MSCs in which only chondro- and adipogenic differentiation could be confirmed. Regardless of the source, equine MSCs expressed the immunomodulatory genes CD40, CD80, HGF, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ). In contrast, no mRNA expression was found for CD86, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Conclusions Whereas UCM seems less feasible because of the high contamination risks and low isolation success rates, UCB seems a promising alternative MSC source, especially when considering allogeneic MSC use.
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Mohanty N, Gulati BR, Kumar R, Gera S, Kumar P, Somasundaram RK, Kumar S. Immunophenotypic characterization and tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from equine umbilical cord blood. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 50:538-48. [PMID: 24414976 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) in equines have not been well characterized with respect to the expression of pluripotency and mesenchymal markers and for tenogenic differentiation potential in vitro. The plastic adherent fibroblast-like cells isolated from 13 out of 20 UCB samples could proliferate till passage 20. The cells expressed pluripotency markers (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2) and MSC surface markers (CD90, CD73, and CD105) by RT-PCR, but did not express CD34, CD45, and CD14. On immunocytochemistry, the isolated cells showed expression of CD90 and CD73 proteins, but tested negative for CD34 and CD45. In flow cytometry, CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD90 were expressed by 96.36 ± 1.28%, 93.40 ± 0.70%, 73.23 ± 1.29% and 46.75 ± 3.95% cells, respectively. The UCB-MSCs could be differentiated to tenocytes by culturing in growth medium supplemented with 50 ng/ml of BMP-12 by day 10. The differentiated cells showed the expression of mohawk homeobox (Mkx), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1α1), scleraxis (Scx), tenomodulin (Tnmd) and decorin (Dcn) by RT-PCR. In addition, flow cytometry detected tenomodulin and decorin protein in 95.65 ± 2.15% and 96.30 ± 1.00% of differentiated cells in comparison to 11.30 ± 0.10% and 19.45 ± 0.55% cells, respect vely in undifferentiated control cells. The findings support the observation that these cells may be suitable for therapeutic applications, including ruptured tendons in racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Mohanty
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, LLR University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Hisar, 25004, Haryana, India
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De Schauwer C, Van de Walle GR, Van Soom A, Meyer E. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in horses: useful beyond orthopedic injuries? Vet Q 2013; 33:234-41. [DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2013.800250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Chen Y, Chang S, Wang T, Wang I, Young T. Cell fractionation on pH-responsive chitosan surface. Biomaterials 2013; 34:854-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Spaas JH, Schauwer CD, Cornillie P, Meyer E, Soom AV, Van de Walle GR. Culture and characterisation of equine peripheral blood mesenchymal stromal cells. Vet J 2013; 195:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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De Schauwer C, van de Walle GR, Piepers S, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JLJ, Meyer E, van Soom A. Successful isolation of equine mesenchymal stromal cells from cryopreserved umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cell fractions. Equine Vet J 2012. [PMID: 23206252 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells for cellular therapy has generated increasing interest in human as well as veterinary medicine. Considerable research has been performed on the cryopreservation of expanded mesenchymal stromal cells, but little information is available on the cryopreservation of the original mononuclear cell fraction. OBJECTIVES The present study describes a protocol to expand equine mesenchymal stromal cells after cryopreserving the mononuclear cells of umbilical cord blood. METHODS To this end, mononuclear cells were isolated from 7 umbilical cord blood samples and cryopreserved at a concentration of 1-2 × 10(9) cells/l cold freezing solution. Cells were cryopreserved and kept frozen for at least 6 months before thawing. Frozen cryotubes were thawed in a 37°C water bath. Putative equine mesenchymal stromal cells were immunophenotyped using multicolour flow cytometry based on a selected 9 marker panel. RESULTS Average cell viability upon thawing was 98.7 ± 0.6%. In 6 out of 7 samples, adherent spindle-shaped cell colonies were observed within 9.0 ± 2.6 days and attained 80% confluency at 12.3 ± 3.9 days. After 3 passages, putative equine mesenchymal stromal cells were successfully immunophenotyped as CD29, CD44 and CD90 positive, and CD45, CD73, CD79α, CD105, MHC II and monocyte-marker negative. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE Equine mesenchymal stromal cells can be cultured after cryopreservation of the isolated mononuclear cells, a time- as well as cost-efficient approach in equine regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Schauwer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Spaas JH, Chiers K, Bussche L, Burvenich C, Van de Walle GR. Stem/progenitor cells in non-lactating versus lactating equine mammary gland. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3055-67. [PMID: 22574831 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a highly regenerative organ that can undergo multiple cycles of proliferation, lactation, and involution. Based on the facts that (i) mammary stem/progenitor cells (MaSC) are proposed to be the driving forces behind mammary growth and function and (ii) variation exists between mammalian species with regard to physiological and pathological functioning of this organ, we believe that studying MaSC from different mammals is of great comparative interest. Over the years, important data has been gathered on MaSC of men and mice, although knowledge on MaSC in other mammals remains limited. Therefore, the aim of this work was to isolate and characterize MaSC from the mammary gland of horses. Hereby, our salient findings were that the isolated equine cells met the 2 in vitro hallmark properties of stem cells, namely the ability to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple cell lineages. Moreover, the cells were immunophenotyped using markers for CD29, CD44, CD49f, and Ki67. Finally, we propose the mammosphere assay as a valuable in vitro assay to study MaSC during different physiological phases since it was observed that equine lactating mammary gland contains significantly more mammosphere-initiating cells than the inactive, nonlactating gland (a reflection of MaSC self-renewal) and, moreover, that these spheres were significantly larger in size upon initial cultivation (a reflection of progenitor cell proliferation). Taken together, this study not only extends the current knowledge of mammary gland biology, but also benefits the comparative approach to study and compare MaSC in different mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Spaas
- Department of Comparative Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Reed SA, Johnson SE. Refinement of Culture Conditions for Maintenance of Undifferentiated Equine Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells. J Equine Vet Sci 2012; 32:360-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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De Schauwer C, Piepers S, Van de Walle GR, Demeyere K, Hoogewijs MK, Govaere JLJ, Braeckmans K, Van Soom A, Meyer E. In search for cross-reactivity to immunophenotype equine mesenchymal stromal cells by multicolor flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2012; 81:312-23. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Marmotti A, Mattia S, Bruzzone M, Buttiglieri S, Risso A, Bonasia DE, Blonna D, Castoldi F, Rossi R, Zanini C. Minced umbilical cord fragments as a source of cells for orthopaedic tissue engineering: an in vitro study. Stem Cells Int. 2012;2012:326813. [PMID: 22550503 PMCID: PMC3328184 DOI: 10.1155/2012/326813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising approach for musculoskeletal repair and regeneration is mesenchymal-stem-cell- (MSC-)based tissue engineering. The aim of the study was to apply a simple protocol based on mincing the umbilical cord (UC), without removing any blood vessels or using any enzymatic digestion, to rapidly obtain an adequate number of multipotent UC-MSCs. We obtained, at passage 1 (P1), a mean value of 4, 2 × 106 cells (SD 0,4) from each UC. At immunophenotypic characterization, cells were positive for CD73, CD90, CD105, CD44, CD29, and HLA-I and negative for CD34 and HLA-class II, with a subpopulation negative for both HLA-I and HLA-II. Newborn origin and multilineage potential toward bone, fat, cartilage, and muscle was demonstrated. Telomere length was similar to that of bone-marrow (BM) MSCs from young donors. The results suggest that simply collecting UC-MSCs at P1 from minced umbilical cord fragments allows to achieve a valuable population of cells suitable for orthopaedic tissue engineering.
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