1
|
Rojek K, Ćwiklińska M, Kuczak J, Guzowski J. Microfluidic Formulation of Topological Hydrogels for Microtissue Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16839-16909. [PMID: 36108106 PMCID: PMC9706502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool in generation of submillimeter-sized cell aggregates capable of performing tissue-specific functions, so-called microtissues, for applications in drug testing, regenerative medicine, and cell therapies. In this work, we review the most recent advances in the field, with particular focus on the formulation of cell-encapsulating microgels of small "dimensionalities": "0D" (particles), "1D" (fibers), "2D" (sheets), etc., and with nontrivial internal topologies, typically consisting of multiple compartments loaded with different types of cells and/or biopolymers. Such structures, which we refer to as topological hydrogels or topological microgels (examples including core-shell or Janus microbeads and microfibers, hollow or porous microstructures, or granular hydrogels) can be precisely tailored with high reproducibility and throughput by using microfluidics and used to provide controlled "initial conditions" for cell proliferation and maturation into functional tissue-like microstructures. Microfluidic methods of formulation of topological biomaterials have enabled significant progress in engineering of miniature tissues and organs, such as pancreas, liver, muscle, bone, heart, neural tissue, or vasculature, as well as in fabrication of tailored microenvironments for stem-cell expansion and differentiation, or in cancer modeling, including generation of vascularized tumors for personalized drug testing. We review the available microfluidic fabrication methods by exploiting various cross-linking mechanisms and various routes toward compartmentalization and critically discuss the available tissue-specific applications. Finally, we list the remaining challenges such as simplification of the microfluidic workflow for its widespread use in biomedical research, bench-to-bedside transition including production upscaling, further in vivo validation, generation of more precise organ-like models, as well as incorporation of induced pluripotent stem cells as a step toward clinical applications.
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnan A, Wang H, MacArthur JW. Applications of Tissue Decellularization Techniques in Ventricular Myocardial Biofabrication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:802283. [PMID: 35265593 PMCID: PMC8899393 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.802283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death around the world, and though the advent of coronary revascularization has revolutionized its treatment, many patients who sustain ischemic injury to the heart will go on to develop heart failure. Biofabrication of ventricular myocardium for replacement of irreversibly damaged ischemic myocardium is sought after as a potential therapy for ischemic heart failure, though challenges in reliably producing this biomaterial have limited its clinical application. One method that shows promise for generation of functional myocardium is the use of tissue decellularization to serve as a scaffold for biofabrication. This review outlines the methods, materials, challenges, and prospects of tissue decellularization techniques for ventricular myocardium biofabrication. Decellularization aims to preserve the architecture and composition of the extracellular matrix of the tissue it is applied to, allowing for the subsequent implantation of stem cells of the desired cell type. Decellularization can be achieved with multiple reagents, most of which have detergent properties. A variety of cell types can be implanted in the resulting scaffold, including cardiac progenitor cells, and embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells to generate a range of tissue, from patches to beating myocardium. The future of this biofabrication method will likely emphasize patient specific tissue engineering to generate complex 3-dimensional constructs that can replace dysfunctional cardiac structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Krishnan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - John Ward MacArthur
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Musotto G, Monteleone A, Vella D, Di Leonardo S, Viola A, Pitarresi G, Zuccarello B, Pantano A, Cook A, Bosi GM, Burriesci G. The Role of Patient-Specific Morphological Features of the Left Atrial Appendage on the Thromboembolic Risk Under Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:894187. [PMID: 35911543 PMCID: PMC9329814 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.894187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A large majority of thrombi causing ischemic complications under atrial fibrillation (AF) originate in the left atrial appendage (LAA), an anatomical structure departing from the left atrium, characterized by a large morphological variability between individuals. This work analyses the hemodynamics simulated for different patient-specific models of LAA by means of computational fluid-structure interaction studies, modeling the effect of the changes in contractility and shape resulting from AF. Methods Three operating conditions were analyzed: sinus rhythm, acute atrial fibrillation, and chronic atrial fibrillation. These were simulated on four patient-specific LAA morphologies, each associated with one of the main morphological variants identified from the common classification: chicken wing, cactus, windsock, and cauliflower. Active contractility of the wall muscle was calibrated on the basis of clinical evaluations of the filling and emptying volumes, and boundary conditions were imposed on the fluid to replicate physiological and pathological atrial pressures, typical of the various operating conditions. Results The LAA volume and shear strain rates were analyzed over time and space for the different models. Globally, under AF conditions, all models were well aligned in terms of shear strain rate values and predicted levels of risk. Regions of low shear rate, typically associated with a higher risk of a clot, appeared to be promoted by sudden bends and focused at the trabecule and the lobes. These become substantially more pronounced and extended with AF, especially under acute conditions. Conclusion This work clarifies the role of active and passive contraction on the healthy hemodynamics in the LAA, analyzing the hemodynamic effect of AF that promotes clot formation. The study indicates that local LAA topological features are more directly associated with a thromboembolic risk than the global shape of the appendage, suggesting that more effective classification criteria should be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Musotto
- Bioengineering Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Danila Vella
- Bioengineering Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Viola
- Bioengineering Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Pantano
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrew Cook
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia M Bosi
- UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Burriesci
- Bioengineering Unit, Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy.,UCL Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delkash Y, Gouin M, Rimbeault T, Mohabatpour F, Papagerakis P, Maw S, Chen X. Bioprinting and In Vitro Characterization of an Eggwhite-Based Cell-Laden Patch for Endothelialized Tissue Engineering Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12030045. [PMID: 34449625 PMCID: PMC8395907 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging fabrication technique to create 3D constructs with living cells. Notably, bioprinting bioinks are limited due to the mechanical weakness of natural biomaterials and the low bioactivity of synthetic peers. This paper presents the development of a natural bioink from chicken eggwhite and sodium alginate for bioprinting cell-laden patches to be used in endothelialized tissue engineering applications. Eggwhite was utilized for enhanced biological properties, while sodium alginate was used to improve bioink printability. The rheological properties of bioinks with varying amounts of sodium alginate were examined with the results illustrating that 2.0-3.0% (w/v) sodium alginate was suitable for printing patch constructs. The printed patches were then characterized mechanically and biologically, and the results showed that the printed patches exhibited elastic moduli close to that of natural heart tissue (20-27 kPa) and more than 94% of the vascular endothelial cells survived in the examination period of one week post 3D bioprinting. Our research also illustrated the printed patches appropriate water uptake ability (>1800%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Delkash
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.C.)
| | - Maxence Gouin
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- School of Engineering, Icam Site de Paris-Sénart, 34 Points de Vue, 77127 Lieusaint, France
| | - Tanguy Rimbeault
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- School of Engineering, Icam Site de Vendée, 28 Boulevard d’Angleterre, 85000 La Roche-sur-Yon, France
| | - Fatemeh Mohabatpour
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - Sean Maw
- Graham School of Professional Development, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Xiongbiao Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (M.G.); (T.R.); (F.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (X.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang D, Sant S, Ferrell N. A Biomimetic In Vitro Model of the Kidney Filtration Barrier Using Tissue-Derived Glomerular Basement Membrane. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002275. [PMID: 34218528 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) filters the blood to remove toxins while retaining high molecular weight proteins in the circulation. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and podocytes, highly specialized epithelial cells, are critical components of the filtration barrier. The GBM serves as a physical barrier to passage of molecules into the filtrate. Podocytes adhere to the filtrate side of the GBM and further restrict passage of high molecular weight molecules into the filtrate. Here, a 3D cell culture model of the glomerular filtration barrier to evaluate the role of the GBM and podocytes in mediating molecular diffusion is developed. GBM is isolated from mammalian kidneys to recapitulate the composition and mechanics of the in vivo basement membrane. The GFB model exhibits molecular selectivity that is comparable to the in vivo filtration barrier. The GBM alone provides a stringent barrier to passage of albumin and Ficoll. Podocytes further restrict molecular diffusion. Damage to the GBM that is typical of diabetic kidney disease is simulated using hypochlorous acid and results in increased molecular diffusion. This system can serve as a platform to evaluate the effects of GBM damage, podocyte injury, and reciprocal effects of altered podocyte-GBM interactions on kidney microvascular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Snehal Sant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas Ferrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, S3223 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Parchehbaf-Kashani M, Ansari H, Mahmoudi E, Barekat M, Sepantafar M, Rajabi S, Pahlavan S. Heart Repair Induced by Cardiac Progenitor Cell Delivery within Polypyrrole-Loaded Cardiogel Post-ischemia. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4849-4861. [PMID: 35007034 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) irreversibly injures the heart tissue. Cardiovascular tissue engineering has been developed as a promising therapeutic approach for post-MI repair. Previously, we discovered the ability of a polypyrrole (PPy)-incorporated cardiogel (CG) for improvement of maturity and functional synchrony of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Here, we used the cross-linked form of PPy-incorporated CG (CG-PPy), in order to improve electromechanical properties of scaffold, for application in cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) transplantation on post-MI rat hearts. Improved mechanical property and electrical conductivity (sixfold) were evident in the cross-linked CG-PPy (P1) compared to cross-linked CG (C1) scaffolds. Transplantation of CPC-loaded P1 (P1-CPC) resulted in substantial improvement of cardiac functional properties. Furthermore, lower fibrotic tissue and higher CPC retention were observed. The grafted cells showed cardiomyocyte characteristics when stained with human cardiac troponin T and connexin43 antibodies, while neovessel formation was similarly prominent. These findings highlight the therapeutic promise of the P1 scaffold as a CPC carrier for functional restoration of the heart post-MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melika Parchehbaf-Kashani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Elena Mahmoudi
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Mohammadmajid Sepantafar
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lu K, Seidel T, Cao-Ehlker X, Dorn T, Batcha AMN, Schneider CM, Semmler M, Volk T, Moretti A, Dendorfer A, Tomasi R. Progressive stretch enhances growth and maturation of 3D stem-cell-derived myocardium. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6138-6153. [PMID: 33995650 PMCID: PMC8120210 DOI: 10.7150/thno.54999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-engineered myocardium has great potential to substitute damaged myocardium and for studies of myocardial physiology and disease, but structural and functional immaturity still implies limitations. Current protocols of engineered heart tissue (EHT) generation fall short of simulating the conditions of postnatal myocardial growth, which are characterized by tissue expansion and increased mechanical load. To investigate whether these two parameters can improve EHT maturation, we developed a new approach for the generation of cardiac tissues based on biomimetic stimulation under application of continuously increasing stretch. Methods: EHTs were generated by assembling cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) at high cell density in a low collagen hydrogel. Maturation and growth of the EHTs were induced in a custom-made biomimetic tissue culture system that provided continuous electrical stimulation and medium agitation along with progressive stretch at four different increments. Tissues were characterized after a three week conditioning period. Results: The highest rate of stretch (S3 = 0.32 mm/day) increased force development by 5.1-fold compared to tissue with a fixed length, reaching contractility of 11.28 mN/mm². Importantly, intensely stretched EHTs developed physiological length-dependencies of active and passive forces (systolic/diastolic ratio = 9.47 ± 0.84), and a positive force-frequency relationship (1.25-fold contractility at 180 min-1). Functional markers of stretch-dependent maturation included enhanced and more rapid Ca2+ transients, higher amplitude and upstroke velocity of action potentials, and pronounced adrenergic responses. Stretch conditioned hiPSC-CMs displayed structural improvements in cellular volume, linear alignment, and sarcomere length (2.19 ± 0.1 µm), and an overall upregulation of genes that are specifically expressed in adult cardiomyocytes. Conclusions: With the intention to simulate postnatal heart development, we have established techniques of tissue assembly and biomimetic culture that avoid tissue shrinkage and yield muscle fibers with contractility and compliance approaching the properties of adult myocardium. This study demonstrates that cultivation under progressive stretch is a feasible way to induce growth and maturation of stem cell-derived myocardium. The novel tissue-engineering approach fulfills important requirements of disease modelling and therapeutic tissue replacement.
Collapse
|
8
|
Predeina AL, Dukhinova MS, Vinogradov VV. Bioreactivity of decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds: perspectives for medical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10010-10022. [PMID: 33063072 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01751e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biomedical applications imply supportive materials to improve protective, antibacterial, and regenerative abilities upon surgical interventions, oncotherapy, regenerative medicine, and others. With the increasing variability of the possible sources, the materials of natural origin are among the safest and most accessible biomedical tools. Animal, plant, and fungal tissues can further undergo decellularization to improve their biocompatibility. Decellularized scaffolds lack the most reactive cellular material, nuclear and cytoplasmic components, that predominantly trigger immune responses. At the same time, the outstanding initial three-dimensional microarchitecture, biomechanical properties, and general composition of the scaffolds are preserved. These unique features make the scaffolds perfect ready-to-use platforms for various biomedical applications, implying cell growth and functionalization. Decellularized materials can be repopulated with various cells upon request, including epithelial, endothelial, muscle and neuronal cells, and applied for structural and functional biorepair within diverse biological sites, including the skin and musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind scaffold and host tissue interactions remain not fully understood, which significantly restricts their integration into clinical practice. In this review, we address the essential aspects of decellularization, scaffold preparation techniques, and its biochemical composition and properties, which determine the biocompatibility and immunogenicity of the materials. With the integrated evaluation of the scaffold profile in living systems, decellularized animal, plant, and fungal scaffolds have the potential to become essential instruments for safe and controllable biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dal Sasso E, Menabò R, Agrillo D, Arrigoni G, Franchin C, Giraudo C, Filippi A, Borile G, Ascione G, Zanella F, Fabozzo A, Motta R, Romanato F, Di Lisa F, Iop L, Gerosa G. RegenHeart: A Time-Effective, Low-Concentration, Detergent-Based Method Aiming for Conservative Decellularization of the Whole Heart Organ. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5493-5506. [PMID: 33320567 PMCID: PMC8011801 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Heart
failure is the worst outcome of all cardiovascular diseases
and still represents nowadays the leading cause of mortality with
no effective clinical treatments, apart from organ transplantation
with allogeneic or artificial substitutes. Although applied as the
gold standard, allogeneic heart transplantation cannot be considered
a permanent clinical answer because of several drawbacks, as the side
effects of administered immunosuppressive therapies. For the increasing
number of heart failure patients, a biological cardiac substitute
based on a decellularized organ and autologous cells might be the
lifelong, biocompatible solution free from the need for immunosuppression
regimen. A novel decellularization method is here proposed and tested
on rat hearts in order to reduce the concentration and incubation
time with cytotoxic detergents needed to render acellular these organs.
By protease inhibition, antioxidation, and excitation–contraction
uncoupling in simultaneous perfusion/submersion modality, a strongly
limited exposure to detergents was sufficient to generate very well-preserved
acellular hearts with unaltered extracellular matrix macro- and microarchitecture,
as well as bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dal Sasso
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabò
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35127, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Davide Agrillo
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Cinzia Franchin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento 38123, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Giulia Borile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Guido Ascione
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Fabio Zanella
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Assunta Fabozzo
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Raffaella Motta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy 'G. Galilei', University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research 'Città della Speranza', Padua 35127, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padua 35127, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35122, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy.,L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Padua 35128, Italy.,Cardiac Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua 35128, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Badileanu A, Mora-Navarro C, Gracioso Martins AM, Garcia ME, Sze D, Ozpinar EW, Gaffney L, Enders JR, Branski RC, Freytes DO. Fast Automated Approach for the Derivation of Acellular Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds from Porcine Soft Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4200-4213. [PMID: 33463339 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds derived from tissues and organs are complex biomaterials used in clinical and research applications. A number of decellularization protocols have been described for ECM biomaterials derivation, each adapted to a particular tissue and use, restricting comparisons among materials. One of the major sources of variability in ECM products comes from the tissue source and animal age. Although this variability could be minimized using established tissue sources, other sources arise from the decellularization process itself. Overall, current protocols require manual work and are poorly standardized with regard to the choice of reagents, the order by which they are added, and exposure times. The combination of these factors adds variability affecting the uniformity of the final product between batches. Furthermore, each protocol needs to be optimized for each tissue and tissue source making tissue-to-tissue comparisons difficult. Automation and standardization of ECM scaffold development constitute a significant improvement to current biomanufacturing techniques but remains poorly explored. This study aimed to develop a biofabrication method for fast and automated derivation of raw material for ECM hydrogel production while preserving ECM composition and controlling lot-to-lot variability. The main result was a closed semibatch bioreactor system with automated dosing of decellularization reagents capable of deriving ECM material from pretreated soft tissues. The ECM was further processed into hydrogels to demonstrate gelation and cytocompatibility. This work presents a versatile, scalable, and automated platform for the rapid production of ECM scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Badileanu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Camilo Mora-Navarro
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ana M Gracioso Martins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Mario E Garcia
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Daphne Sze
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Emily W Ozpinar
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lewis Gaffney
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Enders
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,The Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ryan C Branski
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Donald O Freytes
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University/University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schilling BK, Lamberti KK, Snowden MJ, Baker JS, Byrd K, Komatsu C, Solari MG, Marra KG. Design and Fabrication of an Automatable, 3D Printed Perfusion Device for Tissue Infusion and Perfusion Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:253-264. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly K. Lamberti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Malik J. Snowden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jocelyn S. Baker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Byrd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mario G. Solari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kacey G. Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yi N, Cui H, Zhang LG, Cheng H. Integration of biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:91-111. [PMID: 31004844 PMCID: PMC6710161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems continuously interact with the surrounding environment because they are dynamically evolving. The interaction is achieved through mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological, thermal, optical, or a synergistic combination of these cues. To provide a fundamental understanding of the interaction, recent efforts that integrate biological systems with the electronic-mechanical assemblies create unique opportunities for simultaneous monitoring and eliciting the responses to the biological system. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual. In this short review, we will provide a brief overview of the recent development on the integration of the biological systems with electronic-mechanical assemblies across multiple scales, with applications ranging from healthcare monitoring to therapeutic options such as drug delivery and rehabilitation therapies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An overview of the recent progress on the integration of the biological system with both electronic and mechanical assemblies is discussed. The integration creates the unique opportunity to simultaneously monitor and elicit the responses to the biological system, which provides a fundamental understanding of the interaction between the biological system and the electronic-mechanical assemblies. Recent innovations in materials, fabrication processes, and device integration approaches have created the enablers to yield bio-integrated devices to interface with the biological system, ranging from cells and tissues to organs and living individual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Inaba Y, Yagi H, Kuroda K, Kato J, Kawai Y, Kasai M, Kitahara H, Ito T, Osako M, Kitagawa Y, Shimizu H. Transplantation of a decellularized mitral valve complex in pigs. Surg Today 2019; 50:298-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
14
|
Tomov ML, Gil CJ, Cetnar A, Theus AS, Lima BJ, Nish JE, Bauser-Heaton HD, Serpooshan V. Engineering Functional Cardiac Tissues for Regenerative Medicine Applications. Curr Cardiol Rep 2019; 21:105. [PMID: 31367922 PMCID: PMC7153535 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue engineering has expanded into a highly versatile manufacturing landscape that holds great promise for advancing cardiovascular regenerative medicine. In this review, we provide a summary of the current state-of-the-art bioengineering technologies used to create functional cardiac tissues for a variety of applications in vitro and in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS Studies over the past few years have made a strong case that tissue engineering is one of the major driving forces behind the accelerating fields of patient-specific regenerative medicine, precision medicine, compound screening, and disease modeling. To date, a variety of approaches have been used to bioengineer functional cardiac constructs, including biomaterial-based, cell-based, and hybrid (using cells and biomaterials) approaches. While some major progress has been made using cellular approaches, with multiple ongoing clinical trials, cell-free cardiac tissue engineering approaches have also accomplished multiple breakthroughs, although drawbacks remain. This review summarizes the most promising methods that have been employed to generate cardiovascular tissue constructs for basic science or clinical applications. Further, we outline the strengths and challenges that are inherent to this field as a whole and for each highlighted technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Tomov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Carmen J Gil
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alexander Cetnar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andrea S Theus
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Bryanna J Lima
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joy E Nish
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Holly D Bauser-Heaton
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Sibley Heart Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Dr. NE, HSRB Bldg., Suite E480, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA.
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bejleri D, Davis ME. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Materials for Cardiac Repair and Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801217. [PMID: 30714354 PMCID: PMC7654553 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) is a promising biomaterial for repairing cardiovascular tissue, as dECM most effectively captures the complex array of proteins, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and many other matrix components that are found in native tissue, providing ideal cues for regeneration and repair of damaged myocardium. dECM can be used in a variety of forms, such as solid scaffolds that maintain native matrix structure, or as soluble materials that can form injectable hydrogels for tissue repair. dECM has found recent success in many regeneration and repair therapies, such as for musculoskeletal, neural, and liver tissues. This review focuses on dECM in the context of cardiovascular applications, with variations in tissue and species sourcing, and specifically discusses advances in solid and soluble dECM development, in vitro studies, in vivo implementation, and clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Bejleri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Michael E Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma D, Ferguson M, Kamp TJ, Zhao F. Constructing Biomimetic Cardiac Tissues: A Review of Scaffold Materials for Engineering Cardiac Patches. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2019; 2:181-191. [PMID: 33225220 PMCID: PMC7678685 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-019-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Engineered cardiac patches (ECPs) hold great promise to repair ischemia-induced damages to the myocardium. Recent studies have provided robust technological advances in obtaining pure cardiac cell populations as well as various novel scaffold materials to generate engineered cardiac tissues that can significantly improve electrical and contractile functions of damaged myocardium. Given the significance in understanding the cellular and extracellular structural as well as compositional details of native human heart wall, in order to fabricate most suitable scaffold material for cardiac patches, herein, we have reviewed the structure of the human pericardium and heart wall as well as the compositional details of cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, several strategies to obtain cardiac-specific scaffold materials have been reviewed, including natural, synthetic and hybrid hydrogels, electrospun fibers, decellularized native tissues or whole organs, and scaffolds derived from engineered cell sheets. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of different scaffold materials for engineering cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Morgan Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rezaei Topraggaleh T, Rezazadeh Valojerdi M, Montazeri L, Baharvand H. A testis-derived macroporous 3D scaffold as a platform for the generation of mouse testicular organoids. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1422-1436. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix-derived scaffolds provide an efficient platform for the generation of organ-like structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leila Montazeri
- Department of Cell Engineering
- Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
- ACECR
- Tehran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center
- Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology
- ACECR
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taylor DA, Sampaio LC, Ferdous Z, Gobin AS, Taite LJ. Decellularized matrices in regenerative medicine. Acta Biomater 2018; 74:74-89. [PMID: 29702289 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Of all biologic matrices, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has emerged as a promising tool used either alone or when combined with other biologics in the fields of tissue engineering or regenerative medicine - both preclinically and clinically. dECM provides a native cellular environment that combines its unique composition and architecture. It can be widely obtained from native organs of different species after being decellularized and is entitled to provide necessary cues to cells homing. In this review, the superiority of the macro- and micro-architecture of dECM is described as are methods by which these unique characteristics are being harnessed to aid in the repair and regeneration of organs and tissues. Finally, an overview of the state of research regarding the clinical use of different matrices and the common challenges faced in using dECM are provided, with possible solutions to help translate naturally derived dECM matrices into more robust clinical use. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Ideal scaffolds mimic nature and provide an environment recognized by cells as proper. Biologically derived matrices can provide biological cues, such as sites for cell adhesion, in addition to the mechanical support provided by synthetic matrices. Decellularized extracellular matrix is the closest scaffold to nature, combining unique micro- and macro-architectural characteristics with an equally unique complex composition. The decellularization process preserves structural integrity, ensuring an intact vasculature. As this multifunctional structure can also induce cell differentiation and maturation, it could become the gold standard for scaffolds.
Collapse
|
19
|
Humanizing Miniature Hearts through 4-Flow Cannulation Perfusion Decellularization and Recellularization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7458. [PMID: 29748585 PMCID: PMC5945628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in pre-clinical drug testing models, predictability of clinical outcomes continues to be inadequate and costly due to poor evidence of drug metabolism. Humanized miniature organs integrating decellularized rodent organs with tissue specific cells are translational models that can provide further physiological understanding and evidence. Here, we evaluated 4-Flow cannulated rat hearts as the fundamental humanized organ model for cardiovascular drug validation. Results show clearance of cellular components in all chambers in 4-Flow hearts with efficient perfusion into both coronary arteries and cardiac veins. Furthermore, material characterization depicts preserved organization and content of important matrix proteins such as collagens, laminin, and elastin. With access to the complete vascular network, different human cell types were delivered to show spatial distribution and integration into the matrix under perfusion for up to three weeks. The feature of 4-Flow cannulation is the preservation of whole heart conformity enabling ventricular pacing via the pulmonary vein as demonstrated by noninvasive monitoring with fluid pressure and ultrasound imaging. Consequently, 4-Flow hearts surmounting organ mimicry challenges with intact complexity in vasculature and mechanical compliance of the whole organ providing an ideal platform for improving pre-clinical drug validation in addition to understanding cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
20
|
Construction of scaffolds composed of acellular cardiac extracellular matrix for myocardial tissue engineering. Biologicals 2018; 53:10-18. [PMID: 29625872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of mortality and morbidity stemming from cardiovascular diseases unveil extreme limitations in current therapies despite enormous advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Following myocardial infarction (MI), parts of myocardium undergo irreversible remodeling and is substituted by a scar tissue which eventually leads to heart failure (HF). To address this issue, cardiac patches have been utilized to initiate myocardial regeneration. In this study, a porous cardiac patch is fabricated using a mixture of decellularized myocardium extracellular matrix (ECM) and chitosan (CS). Results of rheological measurements, SEM, biodegradation test, and MTT assay showed that the scaffold composed of 3.5% (w/w) CS and 0.5% ECM has the best potential in providing cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with a suitable microenvironmental condition for both attachment and growth. This study demonstrates that the fabricated scaffold is capable of transmitting both mechanical and chemical cues that is native to myocardial tissue and supports efficient growth of the CPCs.
Collapse
|
21
|
Akhyari P, Oberle F, Hülsmann J, Heid H, Lehr S, Barbian A, Nakanishi S, Aubin H, Jenke A, Lichtenberg A. Characterization of the Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Decellularized Human-Scaled Whole Hearts: Implications for the Whole-Heart Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:682-693. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Akhyari
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Oberle
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörn Hülsmann
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heid
- Helmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Proteomics Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Barbian
- Core Facility for Electron Microscopy, Division of Clinical Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sentaro Nakanishi
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hug Aubin
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Jenke
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Research Group for Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Bioscaffolds serve as structures for cells in building complex tissues and full organs including heart. Decellularizing cardiac tissue results in cell-free extracellular matrix (ECM) that can be used as a cardiac tissue bioscaffold. The field of whole-heart tissue engineering has been revolutionized since the 2008 publication of the first perfusion-decellularized whole heart, and since then, studies have shown how decellularized cardiac tissue retains its native architecture and biochemistry following recellularization. Chemical, enzymatic, and physical decellularization methods preserve the ECM to varying degrees with the widely accepted standard of less than 50 ng/mg of double-stranded DNA present in decellularized ECM. Following decellularization, replacement of cells occurs via recellularization: seeding cells into the decellularized ECM structure either via perfusion of cells into the vascular conduits, injection into parenchyma, or a combination of perfusion and injection. Endothelial cells are often perfused through existing vessel conduits to provide an endothelial lining of the vasculature, with cardiomyocytes and other parenchymal cells injected into the myocardium of decellularized ECM bioscaffolds. Uniform cell density and cell retention throughout the bioscaffold still needs to be addressed in larger animal models of the whole heart. Generating the necessary cell numbers and types remains a challenge. Still, recellularized cardiac tissue bioscaffolds offer therapeutic solutions to heart failure, heart valve replacement, and acute myocardial infarction. New technologies allow for decellularized ECM to be bioprinted into cardiac bioscaffolds or formed into a cardiac hydrogel patch. This chapter reviews the advances made in decellularization and recellularization of cardiac ECM bioscaffolds with a discussion of the potential clinical applications of ECM bioscaffolds.
Collapse
|
23
|
Meng F, Assiri A, Dhar D, Broering D. Whole liver engineering: A promising approach to develop functional liver surrogates. Liver Int 2017; 37:1759-1772. [PMID: 28393454 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Liver donor shortage remains the biggest challenge for patients with end-stage liver failures. While bioartificial liver devices have been developed as temporary supports for patients waiting for transplantation, their applications have been limited clinically. Whole liver engineering is a biological scaffold based regenerative medicine approach that holds promise for developing functional liver surrogates. Significant advancements have been made since the first report in 2010. This review focuses on the recent achievements of whole liver engineering studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Meng
- Organ Transplantation Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Assiri
- Organ Transplantation Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipok Dhar
- Organ Transplantation Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Broering
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The Rapidly Evolving Concept of Whole Heart Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8920940. [PMID: 29250121 PMCID: PMC5700515 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8920940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole heart engineering represents an incredible journey with as final destination the challenging aim to solve end-stage cardiac failure with a biocompatible and living organ equivalent. Its evolution started in 2008 with rodent organs and is nowadays moving closer to clinical application thanks to scaling-up strategies to human hearts. This review will offer a comprehensive examination on the important stages to be reached for the bioengineering of the whole heart, by describing the approaches of organ decellularization, repopulation, and maturation so far applied and the novel technologies of potential interest. In addition, it will carefully address important demands that still need to be satisfied in order to move to a real clinical translation of the whole bioengineering heart concept.
Collapse
|
25
|
Yesmin S, Paget MB, Murray HE, Downing R. Bio-scaffolds in organ-regeneration: Clinical potential and current challenges. Curr Res Transl Med 2017; 65:103-113. [PMID: 28916449 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cadaveric organ transplantation represents the definitive treatment option for end-stage disease but is restricted by the shortage of clinically-viable donor organs. This limitation has, in part, driven current research efforts for in vitro generation of transplantable tissue surrogates. Recent advances in organ reconstruction have been facilitated by the re-purposing of decellularized whole organs to serve as three-dimensional bio-scaffolds. Notably, studies in rodents indicate that such scaffolds retain native extracellular matrix components that provide appropriate biochemical, mechanical and physical stimuli for successful tissue/organ reconstruction. As such, they support the migration, adhesion and differentiation of reseeded primary and/or pluripotent cell populations, which mature and achieve functionality through short-term conditioning within specialized tissue bioreactors. Whilst these findings are encouraging, significant challenges remain to up-scale the present technology to accommodate human-sized organs and thereby further the translation of this approach towards clinical use. Of note, the diverse structural and cellular composition of large mammalian organ systems mean that a "one-size fits all" approach cannot be adopted either to the methods used for their decellularization or the cells required for subsequent re-population, to create fully functional entities. The present review seeks to highlight the clinical potential of decellularized organ bio-scaffolds as a route to further advance the field of tissue- and organ-regeneration, and to discuss the challenges which are yet to be addressed if such a technology is ever to become a credible rival to conventional organ allo-transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yesmin
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcester Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, WR5 1HN, UK
| | - M B Paget
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcester Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, WR5 1HN, UK
| | - H E Murray
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcester Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, WR5 1HN, UK.
| | - R Downing
- The Islet Research Laboratory, Worcester Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, WR5 1HN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Londono R, Dziki JL, Haljasmaa E, Turner NJ, Leifer CA, Badylak SF. The effect of cell debris within biologic scaffolds upon the macrophage response. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2109-2118. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Londono
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Jenna L. Dziki
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Haljasmaa
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Neill J. Turner
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia A. Leifer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine; Ithaca New York
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- Department of Surgery; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- School of Medicine; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we focus on the multiple advancements in the field of cardiovascular regenerative medicine and the state-of-the art of building a heart. An organ is comprised of cells, but cells alone do not comprise an organ. We summarize the components needed, the hurdles, and likely translational steps defining the opportunities for discovery. RECENT FINDINGS The therapies being developed in regenerative medicine aim not only to repair, but also to regenerate or replace ailing tissues and organs. The first generation of cardiac regenerative medicine was gene therapy. The past decade has focused primarily on cell therapy, particularly for repair after ischemic injury with mixed results. Although cell therapy is promising, it will likely never reverse end-stage heart failure; and thus, the unmet need is, and will remain, for organs. Scientists have now tissue engineering and regenerative medicine concepts to invent alternative therapies for a wide spectrum of diseases encompassing cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, musculoskeletal, ocular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Current studies focus on potential scaffolds and applying concepts and techniques learned with testbeds to building human sized organs. Special focus has been given to scaffold sources, cells types and sources, and cell integration with scaffolds. The complexity arises in combining them to yield an organ. SUMMARY Regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising fields of translational research and has the potential to minimize both the need for, and increase the availability of, donor organs. The field is characterized by its integration of biology, physical sciences, and engineering. The proper integration of these fields could lead to off-the-shelf bioartificial organs that are suitable for transplantation. Building a heart will necessarily require a scaffold that can provide cardiac function. We believe that the advent of decellularization methods provides complex, unique, and natural scaffold sources. Ultimately, cell biology and tissue engineering will need to synergize with scaffold biology, finding cell sources and reproducible ways to expand their numbers is an unmet need. But tissue engineering is moving toward whole organ synthesis at an unparalleled pace.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris A. Taylor
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225-0345 USA
| | - Rohan B. Parikh
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225-0345 USA
| | - Luiz C. Sampaio
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, PO Box 20345, Houston, TX 77225-0345 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Novel approaches toward the generation of bioscaffolds as a potential therapy in cardiovascular tissue engineering. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:319-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
29
|
Lee PF, Chau E, Cabello R, Yeh AT, Sampaio LC, Gobin AS, Taylor DA. Inverted orientation improves decellularization of whole porcine hearts. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:181-191. [PMID: 27884776 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In structurally heterogeneous organs, such as heart, it is challenging to retain extracellular matrix integrity in the thinnest regions (eg, valves) during perfusion decellularization and completely remove cellular debris from thicker areas. The high inflow rates necessary to maintain physiologic pressure can distend or damage thin tissues, but lower pressures prolong the process and increase the likelihood of contamination. We examined two novel retrograde decellularization methods for porcine hearts: inverting the heart or venting the apex to decrease inflow rate. We measured flow dynamics through the aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA) at different Ao pressures and assessed the heart's appearance, turbidity of the outflow solutions, and coronary perfusion efficiency. We used rectangle image fitting of decellularized heart images to obtain a heart shape index. Using nonlinear optical microscopy, we determined the microstructure of collagen and elastin fibers of the aortic valve cusps. DNA, glycosaminoglycan, and residual detergent levels were compared. The inverted method was superior to the vented method, as shown by a higher coronary perfusion efficiency, more cell debris outflow, higher collagen and elastin content inside the aortic valve, lower DNA content, and better retention of the heart shape after decellularization. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use flow dynamics in a whole heart throughout the decellularization procedure to provide real-time information about the success of the process and the integrity of the vulnerable regions of the matrix. Heart orientation was important in optimizing decellularization efficiency and maintaining extracellular matrix integrity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The use of decellularized tissue as a suitable scaffold for engineered tissue has emerged over the past decade as one of the most promising biofabrication platforms. The decellularization process removes all native cells, leaving the natural biopolymers, extracellular matrix materials and native architecture intact. This manuscript describes heart orientation as important in optimizing decellularization efficiency and maintaining extracellular matrix integrity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess flow dynamics in a whole heart throughout the decellularization procedure. Our findings compared to currently published methods demonstrate that continuous complex real-time measurements and analyses are required to produce an optimal scaffold for cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
|
30
|
Hodgson MJ, Knutson CC, Momtahan N, Cook AD. Extracellular Matrix from Whole Porcine Heart Decellularization for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1577:95-102. [PMID: 28456953 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Decellularization of whole porcine hearts followed by recellularization with fully differentiated cells made from patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may provide the ultimate solution for patients with heart failure. Decellularization is the process of completely disrupting all cells and removing the cellular components (e.g., antigenic proteins, lipids, DNA) from organic tissue, leaving only the extracellular matrix (ECM). The decellularization of porcine hearts can be accomplished in 24 h and results in 98% DNA removal with only 6 h of detergent exposure. Automatically controlling the pressure during decellularization reduces the detergent exposure time while still completely removing immunogenic cell debris.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nima Momtahan
- Brigham Young University, 350L CB, BYU, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Alonzo D Cook
- Brigham Young University, 350L CB, BYU, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Poornejad N, Schaumann LB, Buckmiller EM, Momtahan N, Gassman JR, Ma HH, Roeder BL, Reynolds PR, Cook AD. The impact of decellularization agents on renal tissue extracellular matrix. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:521-533. [PMID: 27312837 DOI: 10.1177/0885328216656099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The combination of patient-specific cells with scaffolds obtained from natural sources may result in improved regeneration of human tissues. Decellularization of the native tissue is the first step in this technology. Effective decellularization uses agents that lyse cells and remove all cellular materials, leaving intact collagenous extracellular matrices (ECMs). Removing cellular remnants prevents an immune response while preserving the underlying structure. In this study, the impact of five decellularization agents (0.1 N NaOH, 1% peracetic acid, 3% Triton X-100, 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 0.05% trypsin/EDTA) on renal tissue was examined using slices of porcine kidneys. The NaOH solution induced the most efficient cell removal, and resulted in the highest amount of cell viability and proliferation after recellularization, although it also produced the most significant damage to collagenous fiber networks, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The SDS solution led to less severe damage to the ECM structure but it resulted in lower metabolic activity and less proliferation. Peracetic acid and Triton X-100 resulted in minimum disruption of ECMs and the most preserved GAGs and FGF. However, these last two agents were not as efficient in removing cellular materials as NaOH and SDS, especially peracetic acid, which left more than 80% of cellular material within the ECM. As a proof of principle, after completing the comparison studies using slices of renal ECM, the NaOH process was used to decellularize a whole kidney, with good results. The overall results demonstrate the significant effect of cell lysing agents and the importance of developing an optimized protocol to avoid extensive damage to the ECM while retaining the ability to support cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Lara B Schaumann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Evan M Buckmiller
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Nima Momtahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jason R Gassman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Ho Hin Ma
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alonzo D Cook
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Using Hemolysis as a Novel Method for Assessment of Cytotoxicity and Blood Compatibility of Decellularized Heart Tissues. ASAIO J 2016; 62:340-8. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
|
33
|
Poornejad N, Schaumann LB, Buckmiller EM, Roeder BL, Cook AD. Current Cell-Based Strategies for Whole Kidney Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:358-370. [PMID: 26905375 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases affect thousands of people worldwide. Although hemodialysis alleviates the situation by filtering the patient's blood, it does not replace other kidney functions such as hormone release or homeostasis regulation. Consequently, orthotopic transplantation of donor organs is the ultimate treatment for patients suffering from end-stage renal failure. Unfortunately, the number of patients on the waiting list far exceeds the number of donors. In addition, recipients must remain on immunosuppressive medications for the remainder of their lives, which increases the risk of morbidity due to their weakened immune system. Despite recent advancements in whole organ transplantation, 40% of recipients will face rejection of implanted organs with a life expectancy of only 10 years. Bioengineered patient-specific kidneys could be an inexhaustible source of healthy kidneys without the risk of immune rejection. The purpose of this article is to review the pros and cons of several bioengineering strategies used in recent years and their unresolved issues. These strategies include repopulation of natural scaffolds with a patient's cells, de-novo generation of kidneys using patient-induced pluripotent stem cells combined with stepwise differentiation, and the creation of a patient's kidney in the embryos of other mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Poornejad
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Lara B Schaumann
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Evan M Buckmiller
- 2 Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | | | - Alonzo D Cook
- 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Poornejad N, Momtahan N, Salehi ASM, Scott DR, Fronk CA, Roeder BL, Reynolds PR, Bundy BC, Cook AD. Efficient decellularization of whole porcine kidneys improves reseeded cell behavior. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:025003. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/2/025003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
35
|
Kitahara H, Yagi H, Tajima K, Okamoto K, Yoshitake A, Aeba R, Kudo M, Kashima I, Kawaguchi S, Hirano A, Kasai M, Akamatsu Y, Oka H, Kitagawa Y, Shimizu H. Heterotopic transplantation of a decellularized and recellularized whole porcine heart. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 22:571-9. [PMID: 26902852 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the final treatments for end-stage heart failure is heart transplantation. However, a shortage of donor hearts has created a long waiting list and limited benefits. Our ultimate goal is to create a whole beating heart fabricated on an organ scaffold for human heart transplantation. Here, we successfully performed the first transplantation using a decellularized whole porcine heart with mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS A porcine heart was harvested following cardiac arrest induced by a high-potassium solution and stored at -80°C for 24 h. The porcine heart was completely decellularized with 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate and 1% Triton X-100 under the control of perfusion pressure (100 mmHg) and maintained at 37°C. A decellularized whole-heart scaffold was sterilized with gamma irradiation. Cultured mesenchymal stem cells were collected and either infused into the ascending aorta or injected directly into the left ventricular wall. Finally, recellularized whole-heart scaffolds were transplanted into pigs under systemic anticoagulation treatment with heparin. Coronary artery angiography of the transplanted heart graft was performed. RESULTS In our decellularization method, all cellular components were removed, preserving the heart extracellular matrix. Heterotopic transplantations were successfully performed using a decellularized heart and a recellularized heart. The scaffolds were well perfused, without bleeding from the surface or anastomosis site. Coronary angiography revealed a patent coronary artery in both scaffolds. The transplanted decellularized heart was harvested on Day 3. Haematoxylin and eosin staining showed thrombosis in the coronary arteries and migrated inflammatory cells. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of the transplanted recellularized heart showed similar findings, with the exception of injected mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of heterotopic transplantation of a decellularized whole porcine heart with mesenchymal stem cells. The scaffolds endured surgical procedures. We detected short-term coronary artery perfusion in the transplanted scaffolds by angiography. Future studies should analyse the histological features of transplanted decellularized scaffolds and optimize the system for recellularization to apply this unique technology clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kitahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshitake
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Aeba
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kudo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kawaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Hirano
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Akamatsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Oka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|