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Cheng Y, Xia XY, Zhang W, Ren L, Tian CF, Liu D, Xue G. Clinical characteristics of antithyroid drug-induced aplastic anemia cases over the past 30 years. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1064723. [PMID: 36777352 PMCID: PMC9911543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1064723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of antithyroid drug-induced aplastic anemia cases over the past 30 years. METHODS The data of patients with antithyroid drug-induced aplastic anemia were retrieved from PubMed and Wanfang Medical Network databases from 1992 to August 2022. The clinical characteristics, such as age distribution, gender tendency, common symptoms, blood cell count, bone marrow features, treatment strategy, and prognosis, were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 17 cases (male:female = 1:16) had been retrieved. Patients' age ranged from 16 to 74 years (median 50 years). Among them, 82.3% (14/17) of the patients were administered methimazole (MMI), and 78.6% of them had MMI ≥30 mg/day. In addition, 88.2% (15/17) of the patients had sore throat and fever, and 47.1% (8/17) of the patients had hemorrhagic symptoms. Aplastic anemia occurred within 6 months after initiation of the antithyroid therapy in 94.1% of the patients. Agranulocytosis (94.1%) was the most common and earliest blood cell change, and 47.1% of the patients experienced progressive platelet decline during the treatment process. The treatments include timely withdrawal of antithyroid drugs, broad-spectrum antibiotics, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive agents, and supportive treatments such as erythrocyte transfusion and platelet transfusion. Moreover, 70.6% of the patients had complete or near-complete remission within 8 days to 6 weeks. CONCLUSION Aplastic anemia is a rare and serious adverse reaction of antithyroid drugs, which is more common in women. It usually occurs during early treatment with high-dose antithyroid drugs. Most patients have a good prognosis after timely drug ceasing and appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Yu Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen-Fu Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Xue
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Xue,
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Ip PP, Fang LH, Shen YL, Tung KC, Lai MT, Juan LY, Chen LY, Chen RL. Evolution of Graves' Disease during Immune Reconstitution following Nonmyeloablative Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in a Boy Carrying Germline SAMD9L and FLT3 Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169494. [PMID: 36012751 PMCID: PMC9409095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves’ disease, characterized by hyperthyroidism resulting from loss of immune tolerance to thyroid autoantigens, may be attributable to both genetic and environmental factors. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a means to induce immunotolerance via an artificial immune environment. We present a male patient with severe aplastic anemia arising from a germline SAMD9L missense mutation who successfully underwent HSCT from his HLA-haploidentical SAMD9L non-mutated father together with nonmyeloablative conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide at 8 years of age. He did not suffer graft-versus-host disease, but Graves’ disease evolved 10 months post-transplant when cyclosporine was discontinued for one month. Reconstitution of peripheral lymphocyte subsets was found to be transiently downregulated shortly after Graves’ disease onset but recovered upon antithyroid treatment. Our investigation revealed the presence of genetic factors associated with Graves’ disease, including HLA-B*46:01 and HLA-DRB1*09:01 haplotypes carried by the asymptomatic donor and germline FLT3 c.2500C>T mutation carried by both the patient and the donor. Given his current euthyroid state with normal hematopoiesis, the patient has returned to normal school life. This rare event of Graves’ disease in a young boy arising from special HSCT circumstances indicates that both the genetic background and the HSCT environment can prompt the evolution of Graves’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Peng Ip
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Shen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chiun Tung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsong Lai
- Taiwan Genome Industry Alliance Inc., Taipei City 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ying Juan
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Liuh-Yow Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.C.); (R.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2897-0011 (L.-Y.C. & R.-L.C.)
| | - Rong-Long Chen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-Y.C.); (R.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2897-0011 (L.-Y.C. & R.-L.C.)
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Pattanaik S, Jain A, Ahluwalia J. Evolving Role of Pharmacogenetic Biomarkers to Predict Drug-Induced Hematological Disorders. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:201-220. [PMID: 33235023 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Drug-induced hematological disorders constitute up to 30% of all blood dyscrasias seen in the clinic. Hematologic toxicity from drugs may range from life-threatening marrow aplasia, agranulocytosis, hemolysis, thrombosis to mild leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these disorders vary from an extension of the pharmacological effect of the drug to idiosyncratic and immune-mediated reactions. Predicting these reactions is often difficult, and this makes clinical decision-making challenging. Evidence supporting the role of pharmacogenomics in the management of these disorders in clinical practice is rapidly evolving. Despite the Clinical Pharmacology Implementation Consortium and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base recommendations, few tests have been incorporated into routine practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various drugs which are implicated for the hematological adverse events, their underlying mechanisms, and the current evidence and practical recommendations to incorporate pharmacogenomic testing in clinical care for predicting these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arihant Jain
- Internal Medicine, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, and
| | - Jasmina Ahluwalia
- Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Shaikh H, Kamran A, Shaikh S, Mewawalla P. Aplastic anemia secondary to propylthiouracil: A rare and life-threatening adverse effect. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2019; 25:715-718. [DOI: 10.1177/1078155217752079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPropylthiouracil has been in use for more than half a century for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. While it is largely known to cause agranulocytosis, its association with aplastic anemia is rarely heard of. Our case will be the third in literature to suggest aplastic anemia as a manifestation of propylthiouracil, which unfortunately culminated in the death of the patient.CaseA 67-year-old female, with recently diagnosed metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung, developed hyperthyroidism after being started on Nivolumab and Iplimumab. After she developed atrial fibrillation, she was started on propylthiouracil to control the thyroid activity. Soon after that, she was admitted with severe neutropenia, which progressed to pancytopenia confirmed as aplastic anemia on a bone marrow biopsy. Despite discontinuation of propylthiouracil and aggressive treatment, she developed septic shock and multi-organ failure, leading to her death.ConclusionAplastic anemia has been sparingly reported as an extremely rare complication of propylthiouracil. Further adding to the ambiguity is the unknown etiology and lack of specific therapy for the complication when attributed to propylthiouracil. The disease can carry an extremely poor prognosis if untreated, as proven by our case. Due to the same reasons, we recommend that further investigations be done to elucidate the pathogenesis and assist with treatment of the disease when caused by propylthiouracil.
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Methimazole-Induced Aplastic Anemia with Concomitant Hepatitis in a Young Filipina with Graves' Disease. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2019; 34:99-102. [PMID: 33442144 PMCID: PMC7784141 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.034.01.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 34-year-old female Filipino with Graves' disease on methimazole came in due to fever, sore throat and jaundice. She was initially diagnosed with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis and drug-induced liver injury. She was treated with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic and granulocyte colony stimulating factor. On day 4 of admission, she developed pancytopenia and was managed as methimazole-induced aplastic anemia. She was started on steroid therapy and received 1 unit of packed red blood cell. The jaundice also increased, hence, she was given ursodeoxycholic acid. On day 9 of admission, with the consideration of "lineage steal phenomenon," biopsy was done and eltrombopag was started. Patient was discharged stable at 12th hospital day. This case presents 3 rare life-threatening complications of methimazole namely: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia and hepatitis.
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Trohman RG, Sharma PS, McAninch EA, Bianco AC. Amiodarone and thyroid physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:285-295. [PMID: 30309693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although amiodarone is considered the most effective antiarrhythmic agent, its use is limited by a wide variety of potential toxicities. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive "bench to bedside" overview of the ways amiodarone influences thyroid function. We performed a systematic search of MEDLINE to identify peer-reviewed clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other clinically relevant studies. The search was limited to English-language reports published between 1950 and 2017. Amiodarone was searched using the terms adverse effects, hypothyroidism, myxedema, hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia, and electrical storm. Google and Google scholar as well as bibliographies of identified articles were reviewed for additional references. We included 163 germane references in this review. Because amiodarone is one of the most frequently prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs in the United States, the mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic information provided is relevant for practicing clinicians in a wide range of medical specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Trohman
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Parikshit S Sharma
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elizabeth A McAninch
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Antonio C Bianco
- Divisions of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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7
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Paketçi A, Demir K, Tüfekçi Ö, Acar S, Abacı A, Yılmaz Ş, Böber E. Graves' disease following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia: case report and literature review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:589-593. [PMID: 29708883 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar autoimmune processes (defective T-cell function) take place during the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA) and Graves' disease (GD). Antithyroid drugs used for the management of GD may induce AA and GD may occur following treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA). CASE PRESENTATION Clinical and laboratory investigations were performed for an 11-year-and-2-month-old girl who was referred for bilateral exophthalmus and abnormal thyroid function tests. She had been diagnosed as having severe acquired AA at the age of 8 years and had been treated with allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from her healthy human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor. Clinical examination revealed a weight of 32.6 kg (-0.88 standard deviation [SD] score); height, 145.7 cm (-0.14 SD score); body mass index 15.5 kg/m2 (-1.01 SD score); heart rate, 110/min; blood pressure, 128/74 mmHg; bilateral exophthalmos and an enlarged thyroid gland. The laboratory workup showed hemoglobin of 11.1 g/dL; white blood cells, 7500/mL; platelets, 172,000/mL; free thyroxine (FT4), 4.80 ng/dL (normal, 0.5-1.51); free triiodothyronine (FT3), 17.7 pg/mL (normal, 2.5-3.9); thyrotropin (TSH), 0.015 mIU/mL (normal, 0.38-5.3); antithyroglobulin peroxidase (TPO) antibody, 61.7 IU/mL (normal, 0-9); antithyroglobulin (TG) antibody, <0.9 IU/mL (normal, 0-4) and thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies 14 U/L (normal, 0-1). Doppler ultrasonography showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland and increased vascularity. She was treated with methimazole (0.6 mg/kg/day). L-thyroxine treatment was also needed (50 μg/day). Thrombocytopenia developed during follow-up. A thyroidectomy was performed for definitive treatment at the 14th month of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The association of hyperthyroidism and AA in the pediatric age group is rare. The long-term use of antithyroid drugs and radioactive iodine should be avoided due to their hematologic toxic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahu Paketçi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Korcan Demir
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Tüfekçi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Yılmaz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Böber
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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8
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Garla VV, Abdul Salim S, Yanes-Cardozo LL. Pancytopenia: a rare complication of Graves' disease. BMJ Case Rep 2018. [PMID: 29525760 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A 27-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency room with complaints of sweating, palpitations, heat intolerance, insomnia and weight loss for the last 3 months. His medical history was significant for hypertension. On examination, he was tachycardic, hypertensive, had tremors of the upper extremities and a smooth goitre with a thyroid bruit. Laboratory assessment revealed a suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone, high free thyroxine and positive thyroid receptor antibodies. Complete blood count showed pancytopenia. As part of the work-up for pancytopenia, haptoglobin, ferritin, Coombs test, reticulocyte count hepatitis B and C antibodies were done, all of which were normal. Patient was started on methimazole, propranolol and hydrocortisone. His symptoms improved through the hospital course and he was subsequently discharged. Thyroidectomy was done once the patient's hyperthyroidism was controlled. Levothyroxine was started for the control of postsurgical hypothyroidism. Six months after thyroidectomy, the patient was euthyroid and the pancytopenia resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vardhan Garla
- Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sohail Abdul Salim
- Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Licy L Yanes-Cardozo
- Internal Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Sarker T, Özgönenel B, Gadgeel M, Buck S, Adhikari A, Ravindranath Y. Methimazole Induced Total Myeloid Aplasia with Delayed Recovery Despite Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF): Marrow Progenitor Recovery Kinetics. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016; 32:214-8. [PMID: 27408395 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-015-0595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An eighteen-year-old female with Graves thyrotoxicosis presented with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis and total myeloid aplasia. The bone marrow at presentation showed complete absence of myeloid precursors and striking plasmacytosis. 16 days later, myeloid precursors were still absent morphologically; however bone marrow flow cytometry and cell culture detected an improvement in myelogenesis, which was soon followed by clinical recovery of agranulocytosis. Neutrophil recovery was delayed until day 22 after cessation of methimazole despite G-CSF use, consistent with a direct toxic effect on committed myeloid cells. Our findings suggest that cell culture and flow cytometric evaluation of bone marrow myeloid progenitors can be used as a guide to anticipate neutrophil recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sarker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman Ann Adams Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Bülent Özgönenel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman Ann Adams Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Manisha Gadgeel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman Ann Adams Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Steven Buck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman Ann Adams Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Amita Adhikari
- Division of Endocrinology, Carman Ann Adams Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Yaddanapudi Ravindranath
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Carman Ann Adams Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, 3901 Beaubien Blvd., Detroit, MI 48201 USA
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Chaudhry LA, Mauzen KF, Ba-Essa E, Robert AA. Antithyroid drug induced a granulocytosis: what still we need to learn? Pan Afr Med J 2016; 23:27. [PMID: 27200132 PMCID: PMC4856502 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.23.27.8365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithyroid drugs (ATDs) induced agranulocytosis is a rare but life threatening condition. We report a 29 years Filipino female diagnosed as having hyperthyroidism with normal base line blood counts, liver and renal profile. She was started on maximum 60mg (20mg TID) oral dose of carbimazole since one month by her treating physician. Exactly after one month of treatment she presented to emergency room (ER) with fever, sore throat and generalized weakness for several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaqat Ali Chaudhry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Fouad Mauzen
- Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care Unit, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam Ba-Essa
- Department of Medicine & Endocrinology, Dammam Medical Complex (MOH), Saudi Arabia
| | - Asirvatham Alwin Robert
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Diabetes Treatment Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Psomadakis
- Foundation Year Doctor in the Department of Endocrinology, Barnet Hospital, Hertfordshire EN5 3DJ
| | - Andrew Creamer
- Core Medicine Trainee in the Department of Endocrinology, Barnet Hospital, Hertfordshire
| | - Chris Baynes
- Consultant Endocrinologist in the Department of Endocrinology, Barnet Hospital, Hertfordshire
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12
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M'Rabet-Bensalah K, Aubert CE, Coslovsky M, Collet TH, Baumgartner C, den Elzen WPJ, Luben R, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Aujesky D, Khaw KT, Rodondi N. Thyroid dysfunction and anaemia in a large population-based study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 84:627-31. [PMID: 26662849 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Anaemia and thyroid dysfunction are common and often co-occur. Current guidelines recommend the assessment of thyroid function in the work-up of anaemia, although evidence on this association is scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the 'European Prospective Investigation of Cancer' (EPIC)-Norfolk population-based cohort, we aimed to examine the prevalence and type of anaemia (defined as haemoglobin <13 g/dl for men and <12 g/dl for women) according to different thyroid function groups. RESULTS The mean age of the 8791 participants was 59·4 (SD 9·1) years and 55·2% were women. Thyroid dysfunction was present in 437 (5·0%) and anaemia in 517 (5·9%) participants. After excluding 121 participants with three most common causes of anaemia (chronic kidney disease, inflammation, iron deficiency), anaemia was found in 4·7% of euthyroid participants. Compared with the euthyroid group, the prevalence of anaemia was significantly higher in overt hyperthyroidism (14·6%, P < 0·01), higher with borderline significance in overt hypothyroidism (7·7%, P = 0·05) and not increased in subclinical thyroid dysfunction (5·0% in subclinical hypothyroidism, 3·3% in subclinical hyperthyroidism). Anaemia associated with thyroid dysfunction was mainly normocytic (94·0%), and rarely macrocytic (6·0%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of anaemia was higher in overt hyperthyroidism, but not increased in subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Systematic measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone in anaemic patients is likely to be useful only after excluding common causes of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija M'Rabet-Bensalah
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carole E Aubert
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Coslovsky
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Baumgartner
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wendy P J den Elzen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinical Trial Unit (CTU), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University Clinic of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Drahomir Aujesky
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Rodondi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Jiang Y, Hu K, Xie W, Zheng G, Sun J, Zheng Y, Huang H. Hyperthyroidism with concurrent FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication-positive acute promyelocytic leukemia: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:419-422. [PMID: 24396459 PMCID: PMC3881699 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutropenia is a common side-effect in hyperthyroid patients with long-term use of antithyroid drugs. This may be caused by drug-induced immune dysfunction or increased thyroxine hematologic toxicity, which usually returns to normal after medication is discontinued or the hyperthyroidism becomes well controlled. However, hyperthyroidism with pancytopenia is extremely rare. The current case report presents a hyperthyroid patient complicated with pancytopenia who had taken antithyroid drugs for 14 years. Bone marrow analysis revealed primary leuokocytes, indicating M3 acute leukemia. Genetic analysis revealed promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor α fusion and FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication. The genetic abnormality was also associated with thyroid hormonal functions. After a standard anti-M3 regimen was administed, the patient achieved complete remission and maintained stable thyroid functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with hyperthyroidism acquiring M3 leukemia harboring the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajian Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China ; Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, P.R. China
| | - Keyue Hu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Wanzhuo Xie
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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14
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Antithyroid drugs induced agranulocytosis and multiple myeloma: case report and general considerations. J Med Life 2013; 6:327-31. [PMID: 24155785 PMCID: PMC3806032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithyroid drugs as thionamides are largely used in the treatment of the thyrotoxicosis. Side effects were reported in less than 10% of the cases, especially hematological, hepatic or skin allergies. One of the most severe manifestations is agranulocytosis, probably based on an immune mechanism that is exacerbated by the presence of the thyroid autoimmune disease itself. If the presence of the severe leucopenia is actually an epiphenomenon of a preexisting hematological disturbance as multiple myeloma is debated. The myeloma may also be correlated with an autoimmune predisposition. We present the case of a 56 years old female patient diagnosed with Graves’ disease, who developed agranulocytosis after 8 months of therapy with thiamazole. Two months after antithyroid drug’s withdrawal, the granulocytes number increased and she received therapy with radioiodine. Two years later she came back for diffuse bone pain that turned out to be caused by a multiple myeloma, confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. It might be a connection between the severe form of leucopenia that the patient developed and the medullar malignancy.
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15
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Yang J, Zhong J, Xiao XH, Zhou LZ, Chen YJ, Liu JH, Cao RX, Wen GB. The relationship between bone marrow characteristics and the clinical prognosis of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis. Endocr J 2013; 60:185-9. [PMID: 23117149 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to explore the relationship between bone marrow characteristics and clinical prognosis of antithyroid drug (ATD) induced agranulocytosis. A retrospective study was conducted in the first affiliated hospital of the University of South China. A total of 33 hospitalized patients diagnosed with ATD-induced agranulocytosis were analyzed. The bone marrow characteristics were classified into two types. Type I was characterized by reduction or absence of granulocytic precursors and type II was recognized as hypercellular bone marrow with dysmaturity of granulocytic cells. Bone marrow of 20 cases (61%) were characterized with type I whereas 13 cases (39%) with type II. The median duration of neutrophil recovery and high-grade fever were 4.7 ± 1.0 days and 3.6 ± 2.5 days respectively for type II, compared to 8.0 ± 2.8 days and 8.6 ± 3.1 days for type I (p < 0.01 in both compared groups). However, there was no significant difference between the two types in terms of age, median duration of drug administration before the diagnosis of agranulocytosis, the amount of neutrophil count on admission and the total administration dose of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) before bone marrow examination. Two cases of type I died of complications from infection. This study showed that the bone marrow characteristics of ATD-induced agranulocytosis could be classifed into two types. Also, the clinical prognosis was closely related to the bone marrow features. Type I is the dominant type which is usually associated with worse clinical prognosis compared to type II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology of the first affiliated hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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16
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Sefi M, Amara IB, Troudi A, Soudani N, Hakim A, Zeghal KM, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Effect of selenium on methimazole-induced liver damage and oxidative stress in adult rats and their offspring. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:653-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712462445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of selenium (Se) on methimazole (MMI; an antithyroid drug)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats and their progeny. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats in each group: group I served as controls that received standard diet; group II received MMI in drinking water as 250 mg L−1 and standard diet; group III received both MMI (250 mg L−1, orally) and Se (0.5 mg kg−1 of diet); group IV received Se (0.5 mg kg−1 of diet) as sodium selenite. Treatments were started from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Exposure of rats to MMI promoted oxidative stress with an increase in liver malondialdehyde levels, advanced oxidation protein products and protein carbonyl contents and a decrease in the levels of glutathione, nonprotein thiols and vitamin C. A decrease in the activities of liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase and in the levels of plasma total protein and albumin was also observed. Plasma transaminase activities and total, direct and indirect bilirubin levels increased. Coadministration of Se through diet improved all biochemical parameters. The histopathological changes confirmed the biochemical results. Therefore, our investigation revealed that Se, a trace element with antioxidant properties, was effective in preventing MMI-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Sefi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Troudi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | | | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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Honda M. Successful treatment of methimazole-induced severe aplastic anemia by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, methylprednisolone, and cyclosporin. ISRN ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 2011:732623. [PMID: 22363886 PMCID: PMC3262644 DOI: 10.5402/2011/732623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old Japanese woman was examined because of general malaise, weight loss and a lump in her left breast. She was diagnosed with cancer of the left breast and Graves' disease, and was administered methimazole (MMI). A left mastectomy was performed for the breast cancer. She presented with a high fever and peripheral blood examination revealed a severe pancytopenia. She was diagnosed with severe aplastic anemia, and administered G-CSF, however, the treatment was unsuccessful. Thus, oral methyprednisolone and cyclosporin were added. There was a remarkable improvement in the peripheral blood count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Honda
- Fourth Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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18
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Ukrainets IV, Grinevich LA, Tkach AA, Gorokhova OV, Kravchenko VN, Sim G. 4-hydroxy-2-quinolones. 191.* synthesis, tautomerism and biological activity of benzimidazol-2-ylamides of 1-r-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Amara IB, Hakim A, Troudi A, Soudani N, Makni FA, Zeghal KM, Zeghal N. Protective effects of selenium on methimazole-induced anemia and oxidative stress in adult rats and their offspring. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 30:1549-60. [PMID: 21172973 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110392403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential ability of selenium, considered as an antioxidant with pharmacological property to alleviate oxidative stress and hematological parameter disorders induced by methimazole, an antithyroid drug. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each: group I served as negative control and received a standard diet; group II received 250 mg/L of methimazole in drinking water and a standard diet; group III received both methimazole (250 mg/L, orally) and selenium (0.5 mg/kg of diet) supplemented to the standard diet; group IV served as positive control and received a supplement of selenium in the diet (0.5 mg/kg of diet) as sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)). Treatment was started from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Methimazole reduced the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in mothers and their pups. Besides, plasma iron, vitamins B(9), B(12), C and E levels were reduced. Lipid peroxidation increased, objectified by high malondialdehyde levels and lactate dehydrogenase activity in plasma, while glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities showed a significant decline. Co-administration of selenium through diet improved all the parameters cited above. It can be concluded that the administration of selenium alleviates methimazole-induced toxicity, thus demonstrating its antioxidant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, BP1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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20
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Josol CV, Buenaluz-Sedurante M, Sandoval MA, Castillo G. Successful treatment of methimazole-induced severe aplastic anaemia in a diabetic patient with other co-morbidities. BMJ Case Rep 2010; 2010:bcr0520102993. [PMID: 22802368 PMCID: PMC3029437 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.05.2010.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 55-year-old Filipina with Grave's disease, diabetes, hypertension, bronchial asthma, Parkinson's disease and a history of adverse drug reaction to penicillin consulted due to high-grade fever and sore throat. Patient was diagnosed with aplastic anaemia secondary to methimazole and was treated with high-dose granulocyte colony stimulating factor, thrombopoietin and mesterolone. Antibiotics used included levofloxacin, clindamycin, amikacin and fluconazole. Due to bleeding and slow recovery of blood parameters, 30 units of platelets and 7 units of packed red blood cells were transfused during her 22-day admission. This case presents a life-threatening adverse drug reaction in a patient with co-morbid conditions that complicate recovery and limit one's therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy V Josol
- Medicine Department, University of the Philippines Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
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21
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Sahin M, Toprak SK, Altintas ND. Should Women With Abnormal Serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Undergo Screening for Anemia? Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009; 133:1188; author reply 1188-9. [DOI: 10.5858/133.8.1188.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Endocrinology Gaziantep State Hospital Gaziantep, Turkey 27010
| | | | - N. Defne Altintas
- Department of Internal Medicine Medicana International Ankara Hospital Ankara, Turkey 06520
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22
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Abstract
Antithyroid drugs are widely used to treat hyperthyroidism, especially Graves' disease, but they tend to cause agranulocytosis, which increases the mortality rate. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor decreases the duration of recovery from agranulocytosis. We retrospectively studied cases of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis over the past 10 years in a northern Taiwan medical center. A clinical evaluation was conducted, including a review of complete blood cell counts and differential counts. Four cases were included in this analysis. Agranulocytosis persisted in 2 cases despite a change in therapy from propylthiouracil to methimazole. Fever, sore throat, and diarrhea were common symptoms of agranulocytosis. Initial white blood cell counts ranged from 450 to 1,710/microL. Only 1 case had a positive result from a throat swab culture (Staphylococcus aureus). Three of 4 cases received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy, and the recovery time ranged from 3 to 13 days. All of the patients recovered from agranulocytosis. We concluded that: (1) conducting a routine complete blood cell count is beneficial in alerting caregivers to the possibility of agranulocytosis; (2) educating patients about the common symptoms of agranulocytosis may contribute to an early diagnosis; (3) providing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy to patients results in good prognosis; and (4) monitoring for cross-reactions between drugs should be performed to prevent further episodes of agranulocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tsung Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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23
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Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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