1
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He Z, Zuo P, Xu P, Yuan H, Bhave M, Wei X, Yang Z, Han L, Schmid SL, Chen Z. Dynamic early recruitment of GAK-Hsc70 regulates coated pit maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2503738122. [PMID: 40424130 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2503738122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) begins with the assembly of clathrin onto the plasma membrane. These structures grow and stabilize to form clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), which invaginate and accumulate cargo. Finally, through membrane fission, CCPs detach to form clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Mechanisms governing the transition of CCPs from flat-to-curved structures have been a matter of debate. GAK and its chaperone protein, Hsc70, are well known to mediate clathrin release from CCVs, and several studies have observed a late burst of GAK recruitment as CCVs form. Other studies have proposed that early recruitment of GAK-Hsc70 could function to provide the necessary energy source to remodel nascent flat clathrin lattices, replacing hexagons with pentagons and enabling a gain of curvature and invagination of the growing CCP; however, direct functional evidence is lacking. Here, we show that GAK knockdown inhibits CCP stabilization and invagination. Furthermore, mutations in the J domain of GAK that abolish Hsc70 recruitment to and activation at CCPs lead to the accumulation of GAK at CCPs, hinder CCP stabilization and invagination, and result in a striking increase in the proportion of highly transient, abortive CCPs. These findings support the hypothesis that GAK-Hsc70 promotes the turnover and remodeling of nascent clathrin assemblies required for curvature development during CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangping He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Peiyao Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Peiliu Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haozhi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Madhura Bhave
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Xiangying Wei
- Department of Oceanography, Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, College of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Research and Prevention, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Rare Pediatric Diseases, Institute of Cytology and Genetics of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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2
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Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Mund M, Tschanz A, Wu YL, Frey F, Mehl JL, Kaksonen M, Avinoam O, Schwarz US, Ries J. Clathrin coats partially preassemble and subsequently bend during endocytosis. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:213855. [PMID: 36734980 PMCID: PMC9929656 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use clathrin-mediated endocytosis to take up a large range of extracellular cargo. During endocytosis, a clathrin coat forms on the plasma membrane, but it remains controversial when and how it is remodeled into a spherical vesicle. Here, we use 3D superresolution microscopy to determine the precise geometry of the clathrin coat at large numbers of endocytic sites. Through pseudo-temporal sorting, we determine the average trajectory of clathrin remodeling during endocytosis. We find that clathrin coats assemble first on flat membranes to 50% of the coat area before they become rapidly and continuously bent, and this mechanism is confirmed in three cell lines. We introduce the cooperative curvature model, which is based on positive feedback for curvature generation. It accurately describes the measured shapes and dynamics of the clathrin coat and could represent a general mechanism for clathrin coat remodeling on the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mund
- https://ror.org/03mstc592Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,https://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Tschanz
- https://ror.org/03mstc592Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,Candidate for Joint PhD Programme of EMBL and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Le Wu
- https://ror.org/03mstc592Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,Candidate for Joint PhD Programme of EMBL and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Frey
- https://ror.org/02e2c7k09Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Johanna L. Mehl
- https://ror.org/03mstc592Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marko Kaksonen
- https://ror.org/01swzsf04Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ori Avinoam
- https://ror.org/03mstc592Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,https://ror.org/0316ej306Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ulrich S. Schwarz
- https://ror.org/04rcqnp59Institute for Theoretical Physics and Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Ries
- https://ror.org/03mstc592Cell Biology and Biophysics, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,Correspondence to Jonas Ries:
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4
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Rahmani S, Ahmed H, Ibazebo O, Fussner-Dupas E, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. O-GlcNAc transferase modulates the cellular endocytosis machinery by controlling the formation of clathrin-coated pits. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102963. [PMID: 36731797 PMCID: PMC9999237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) controls the internalization and function of a wide range of cell surface proteins. CME occurs by the assembly of clathrin and many other proteins on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane into clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). These structures recruit specific cargo destined for internalization, generate membrane curvature, and in many cases undergo scission from the plasma membrane to yield intracellular vesicles. The diversity of functions of cell surface proteins controlled via internalization by CME may suggest that regulation of CCP formation could be effective to allow cellular adaptation under different contexts. Of interest is how cues derived from cellular metabolism may regulate CME, given the reciprocal role of CME in controlling cellular metabolism. The modification of proteins with O-linked β-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAc) is sensitive to nutrient availability and may allow cellular adaptation to different metabolic conditions. Here, we examined how the modification of proteins with O-GlcNAc may control CCP formation and thus CME. We used perturbation of key enzymes responsible for protein O-GlcNAc modification, as well as specific mutants of the endocytic regulator AAK1 predicted to be impaired for O-GlcNAc modification. We identify that CCP initiation and the assembly of clathrin and other proteins within CCPs are controlled by O-GlcNAc protein modification. This reveals a new dimension of regulation of CME and highlights the important reciprocal regulation of cellular metabolism and endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hafsa Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Osemudiamen Ibazebo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eden Fussner-Dupas
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Cabral-Dias R, Lucarelli S, Zak K, Rahmani S, Judge G, Abousawan J, DiGiovanni LF, Vural D, Anderson KE, Sugiyama MG, Genc G, Hong W, Botelho RJ, Fairn GD, Kim PK, Antonescu CN. Fyn and TOM1L1 are recruited to clathrin-coated pits and regulate Akt signaling. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213045. [PMID: 35238864 PMCID: PMC8899389 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) controls many aspects of cell physiology. EGF binding to EGFR elicits the membrane recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, leading to Akt phosphorylation and activation. Concomitantly, EGFR is recruited to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs), eventually leading to receptor endocytosis. Previous work uncovered that clathrin, but not receptor endocytosis, is required for EGF-stimulated Akt activation, and that some EGFR signals are enriched in CCPs. Here, we examine how CCPs control EGFR signaling. The signaling adaptor TOM1L1 and the Src-family kinase Fyn are enriched within a subset of CCPs with unique lifetimes and protein composition. Perturbation of TOM1L1 or Fyn impairs EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt2 but not Akt1. EGF stimulation also triggered the TOM1L1- and Fyn-dependent recruitment of the phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase SHIP2 to CCPs. Thus, the recruitment of TOM1L1 and Fyn to a subset of CCPs underlies a role for these structures in the support of EGFR signaling leading to Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Cabral-Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Zak
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurjeet Judge
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Abousawan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura F DiGiovanni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dafne Vural
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen E Anderson
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael G Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gizem Genc
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanjin Hong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Nawara TJ, Williams YD, Rao TC, Hu Y, Sztul E, Salaita K, Mattheyses AL. Imaging vesicle formation dynamics supports the flexible model of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1732. [PMID: 35365614 PMCID: PMC8976038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin polymerization and changes in plasma membrane architecture are necessary steps in forming vesicles to internalize cargo during clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Simultaneous analysis of clathrin dynamics and membrane structure is challenging due to the limited axial resolution of fluorescence microscopes and the heterogeneity of CME. This has fueled conflicting models of vesicle assembly and obscured the roles of flat clathrin assemblies. Here, using Simultaneous Two-wavelength Axial Ratiometry (STAR) microscopy, we bridge this critical knowledge gap by quantifying the nanoscale dynamics of clathrin-coat shape change during vesicle assembly. We find that de novo clathrin accumulations generate both flat and curved structures. High-throughput analysis reveals that the initiation of vesicle curvature does not directly correlate with clathrin accumulation. We show clathrin accumulation is preferentially simultaneous with curvature formation at shorter-lived clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), but favors a flat-to-curved transition at longer-lived CCVs. The broad spectrum of curvature initiation dynamics revealed by STAR microscopy supports multiple productive mechanisms of vesicle formation and advocates for the flexible model of CME. Despite decades of research, the dynamics of clathrin-coated vesicle formation is ambiguous. Here, authors use STAR microscopy to quantify the nanoscale dynamics of vesicle formation, supporting the flexible model of clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yancey D Williams
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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7
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Rao TC, Nawara TJ, Mattheyses AL. Live-Cell Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy to Investigate Protein Internalization Dynamics. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2438:45-58. [PMID: 35147934 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2035-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of apicobasal or planar cell polarity involves many events that occur at or near the plasma membrane including focal adhesion dynamics, endocytosis, exocytosis, and cytoskeletal reorganization. It is desirable to visualize these events without interference from other regions deeper within the cell. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy utilizes an elegant optical sectioning approach to visualize fluorophores near the sample-coverslip interface. TIRF provides high-contrast fluorescence images with limited background and virtually no out-of-focus light, ideal for visualizing and tracking dynamics near the plasma membrane. In this chapter, we present a general experimental and analysis TIRF pipeline for studying cell surface receptor endocytosis. The approach presented can be easily applied to study other dynamic biological processes at or near the plasma membrane using TIRF microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejeshwar C Rao
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nawara
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Sigismund S, Lanzetti L, Scita G, Di Fiore PP. Endocytosis in the context-dependent regulation of individual and collective cell properties. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:625-643. [PMID: 34075221 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis allows cells to transport particles and molecules across the plasma membrane. In addition, it is involved in the termination of signalling through receptor downmodulation and degradation. This traditional outlook has been substantially modified in recent years by discoveries that endocytosis and subsequent trafficking routes have a profound impact on the positive regulation and propagation of signals, being key for the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transmission in cells. Accordingly, endocytosis and membrane trafficking regulate virtually every aspect of cell physiology and are frequently subverted in pathological conditions. Two key aspects of endocytic control over signalling are coming into focus: context-dependency and long-range effects. First, endocytic-regulated outputs are not stereotyped but heavily dependent on the cell-specific regulation of endocytic networks. Second, endocytic regulation has an impact not only on individual cells but also on the behaviour of cellular collectives. Herein, we will discuss recent advancements in these areas, highlighting how endocytic trafficking impacts complex cell properties, including cell polarity and collective cell migration, and the relevance of these mechanisms to disease, in particular cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sigismund
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Clathrin: the molecular shape shifter. Biochem J 2021; 478:3099-3123. [PMID: 34436540 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin is best known for its contribution to clathrin-mediated endocytosis yet it also participates to a diverse range of cellular functions. Key to this is clathrin's ability to assemble into polyhedral lattices that include curved football or basket shapes, flat lattices or even tubular structures. In this review, we discuss clathrin structure and coated vesicle formation, how clathrin is utilised within different cellular processes including synaptic vesicle recycling, hormone desensitisation, spermiogenesis, cell migration and mitosis, and how clathrin's remarkable 'shapeshifting' ability to form diverse lattice structures might contribute to its multiple cellular functions.
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10
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CALM supports clathrin-coated vesicle completion upon membrane tension increase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010438118. [PMID: 34155137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010438118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The most represented components of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) are clathrin triskelia and the adaptors clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein (CALM) and the heterotetrameric complex AP2. Investigation of the dynamics of AP180-amino-terminal-homology (ANTH) recruitment during CCV formation has been hampered by CALM toxicity upon overexpression. We used knock-in gene editing to express a C-terminal-attached fluorescent version of CALM, while preserving its endogenous expression levels, and cutting-edge live-cell microscopy approaches to study CALM recruitment at forming CCVs. Our results demonstrate that CALM promotes vesicle completion upon membrane tension increase as a function of the amount of this adaptor present. Since the expression of adaptors, including CALM, differs among cells, our data support a model in which the efficiency of clathrin-mediated endocytosis is tissue specific and explain why CALM is essential during embryogenesis and red blood cell development.
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11
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Giangreco G, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S. Specialised endocytic proteins regulate diverse internalisation mechanisms and signalling outputs in physiology and cancer. Biol Cell 2020; 113:165-182. [PMID: 33617023 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although endocytosis was first described as the process mediating macromolecule or nutrient uptake through the plasma membrane, it is now recognised as a critical component of the cellular infrastructure involved in numerous processes, ranging from receptor signalling, proliferation and migration to polarity and stem cell regulation. To realise these varying roles, endocytosis needs to be finely regulated. Accordingly, multiple endocytic mechanisms exist that require specialised molecular machineries and an array of endocytic adaptor proteins with cell-specific functions. This review provides some examples of specialised functions of endocytic adaptors and other components of the endocytic machinery in different cell physiological processes, and how the alteration of these functions is linked to cancer. In particular, we focus on: (i) cargo selection and endocytic mechanisms linked to different adaptors; (ii) specialised functions in clathrin-mediated versus non-clathrin endocytosis; (iii) differential regulation of endocytic mechanisms by post-translational modification of endocytic proteins; (iv) cell context-dependent expression and function of endocytic proteins. As cases in point, we describe two endocytic protein families, dynamins and epsins. Finally, we discuss how dysregulation of the physiological role of these specialised endocytic proteins is exploited by cancer cells to increase cell proliferation, migration and invasion, leading to anti-apoptotic or pro-metastatic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, , Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, , Milan, Italy
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12
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Bhave M, Mino RE, Wang X, Lee J, Grossman HM, Lakoduk AM, Danuser G, Schmid SL, Mettlen M. Functional characterization of 67 endocytic accessory proteins using multiparametric quantitative analysis of CCP dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31591-31602. [PMID: 33257546 PMCID: PMC7749282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020346117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) begins with the nucleation of clathrin assembly on the plasma membrane, followed by stabilization and growth/maturation of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) that eventually pinch off and internalize as clathrin-coated vesicles. This highly regulated process involves a myriad of endocytic accessory proteins (EAPs), many of which are multidomain proteins that encode a wide range of biochemical activities. Although domain-specific activities of EAPs have been extensively studied, their precise stage-specific functions have been identified in only a few cases. Using single-guide RNA (sgRNA)/dCas9 and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated protein knockdown, combined with an image-based analysis pipeline, we have determined the phenotypic signature of 67 EAPs throughout the maturation process of CCPs. Based on these data, we show that EAPs can be partitioned into phenotypic clusters, which differentially affect CCP maturation and dynamics. Importantly, these clusters do not correlate with functional modules based on biochemical activities. Furthermore, we discover a critical role for SNARE proteins and their adaptors during early stages of CCP nucleation and stabilization and highlight the importance of GAK throughout CCP maturation that is consistent with GAK's multifunctional domain architecture. Together, these findings provide systematic, mechanistic insights into the plasticity and robustness of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Bhave
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Rosa E Mino
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jeon Lee
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Heather M Grossman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ashley M Lakoduk
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390;
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13
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Gammella E, Lomoriello IS, Conte A, Freddi S, Alberghini A, Poli M, Sigismund S, Cairo G, Recalcati S. Unconventional endocytosis and trafficking of transferrin receptor induced by iron. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:98-108. [PMID: 33236955 PMCID: PMC8120689 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-02-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational regulation of transferrin receptor (TfR1) is largely unknown. We investigated whether iron availability affects TfR1 endocytic cycle and protein stability in HepG2 hepatoma cells exposed to ferric ammonium citrate (FAC). NH4Cl and bafilomycin A1, but not the proteasomal inhibitor MG132, prevented the FAC-mediated decrease in TfR1 protein levels, thus indicating lysosomal involvement. Knockdown experiments showed that TfR1 lysosomal degradation is independent of 1) endocytosis mediated by the clathrin adaptor AP2; 2) Tf, which was suggested to facilitate TfR1 internalization; 3) H-ferritin; and 4) MARCH8, previously implicated in TfR1 degradation. Notably, FAC decreased the number of TfR1 molecules at the cell surface and increased the Tf endocytic rate. Colocalization experiments confirmed that, upon FAC treatment, TfR1 was endocytosed in an AP2- and Tf-independent pathway and trafficked to the lysosome for degradation. This unconventional endocytic regulatory mechanism aimed at reducing surface TfR1 may represent an additional posttranslational control to prevent iron overload. Our results show that iron is a key regulator of the trafficking of TfR1, which has been widely used to study endocytosis, often not considering its function in iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gammella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alexia Conte
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Freddi
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Alberghini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Poli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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14
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Clathrin light chain diversity regulates membrane deformation in vitro and synaptic vesicle formation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23527-23538. [PMID: 32907943 PMCID: PMC7519287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003662117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reveals that diversity of clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits alters clathrin properties and demonstrates that the two neuronal CLC subunits work together for optimal clathrin function in synaptic vesicle formation. Our findings establish a role for CLC diversity in synaptic transmission and illustrate how CLC variability expands the complexity of clathrin to serve tissue-specific functions. Clathrin light chain (CLC) subunits in vertebrates are encoded by paralogous genes CLTA and CLTB, and both gene products are alternatively spliced in neurons. To understand how this CLC diversity influences neuronal clathrin function, we characterized the biophysical properties of clathrin comprising individual CLC variants for correlation with neuronal phenotypes of mice lacking either CLC-encoding gene. CLC splice variants differentially influenced clathrin knee conformation within assemblies, and clathrin with neuronal CLC mixtures was more effective in membrane deformation than clathrin with single neuronal isoforms nCLCa or nCLCb. Correspondingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed that neurons from mice lacking nCLCa or nCLCb were both defective in synaptic vesicle replenishment. Mice with only nCLCb had a reduced synaptic vesicle pool and impaired neurotransmission compared to WT mice, while nCLCa-only mice had increased synaptic vesicle numbers, restoring normal neurotransmission. These findings highlight differences between the CLC isoforms and show that isoform mixing influences tissue-specific clathrin activity in neurons, which requires their functional balance.
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15
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Wang X, Chen Z, Mettlen M, Noh J, Schmid SL, Danuser G. DASC, a sensitive classifier for measuring discrete early stages in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. eLife 2020; 9:53686. [PMID: 32352376 PMCID: PMC7192580 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in mammalian cells is driven by resilient machinery that includes >70 endocytic accessory proteins (EAP). Accordingly, perturbation of individual EAPs often results in minor effects on biochemical measurements of CME, thus providing inconclusive/misleading information regarding EAP function. Live-cell imaging can detect earlier roles of EAPs preceding cargo internalization; however, this approach has been limited because unambiguously distinguishing abortive coats (ACs) from bona fide clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) is required but unaccomplished. Here, we develop a thermodynamics-inspired method, “disassembly asymmetry score classification (DASC)”, that resolves ACs from CCPs based on single channel fluorescent movies. After extensive verification, we use DASC-resolved ACs and CCPs to quantify CME progression in 11 EAP knockdown conditions. We show that DASC is a sensitive detector of phenotypic variation in CCP dynamics that is uncorrelated to the variation in biochemical measurements of CME. Thus, DASC is an essential tool for uncovering EAP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Wang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jungsik Noh
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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16
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Tamma G, Valenti G. Calcium sensing receptor exerts a negative regulatory action toward vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 expression and trafficking in renal collecting duct. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:289-310. [PMID: 32061345 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) plays a major role in the regulation of water homeostasis by its antidiuretic action on the kidney, mediated by V2 receptors. An increase in plasma sodium concentration stimulates AVP release, which in turn promotes water reabsorption. Upon binding to the V2 receptors in the renal collecting duct, AVP induces the expression and apical membrane insertion of the aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels and subsequent water reabsorption. AVP regulates two independent mechanisms: the short-term regulation of AQP2 trafficking and long-term regulation of the total abundance of the AQP2 protein in the cells. On the other hand, several hormones, acting through specific receptors, have been reported to antagonize AVP-mediated water transport in kidney. In this respect, we previously described that high luminal Ca2+ in the renal collecting duct attenuates short-term AVP-induced AQP2 trafficking through activation of the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR). This effect is due to reduction of AVP-dependent cAMP generation and possibly hydrolysis. Moreover, CaSR signaling reduces AQP2 abundance both via AQP2-targeting miRNA-137 and the proteasomal degradation pathway. This chapter summarizes recent data elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological role of the CaSR-dependent regulation of AQP2 expression and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
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17
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Pascolutti R, Algisi V, Conte A, Raimondi A, Pasham M, Upadhyayula S, Gaudin R, Maritzen T, Barbieri E, Caldieri G, Tordonato C, Confalonieri S, Freddi S, Malabarba MG, Maspero E, Polo S, Tacchetti C, Haucke V, Kirchhausen T, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. Molecularly Distinct Clathrin-Coated Pits Differentially Impact EGFR Fate and Signaling. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3049-3061.e6. [PMID: 31167147 PMCID: PMC6581797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein 2 (AP2) is a major constituent of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Whether it is essential for all forms of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in mammalian cells is an open issue. Here, we demonstrate, by live TIRF microscopy, the existence of a subclass of relatively short-lived CCPs lacking AP2 under physiological, unperturbed conditions. This subclass is retained in AP2-knockout cells and is able to support the internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) but not of transferrin receptor (TfR). The AP2-independent internalization mechanism relies on the endocytic adaptors eps15, eps15L1, and epsin1. The absence of AP2 impairs the recycling of the EGFR to the cell surface, thereby augmenting its degradation. Accordingly, under conditions of AP2 ablation, we detected dampening of EGFR-dependent AKT signaling and cell migration, arguing that distinct classes of CCPs could provide specialized functions in regulating EGFR recycling and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pascolutti
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Algisi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexia Conte
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mithun Pasham
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srigokul Upadhyayula
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, UMR 9004, CNRS/UM, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Tanja Maritzen
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Caldieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tordonato
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Confalonieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Freddi
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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18
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Sugiyama MG, Fairn GD, Antonescu CN. Akt-ing Up Just About Everywhere: Compartment-Specific Akt Activation and Function in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:70. [PMID: 31131274 PMCID: PMC6509475 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase Akt is a master regulator of many diverse cellular functions, including survival, growth, metabolism, migration, and differentiation. Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical regulators of Akt, as a result of activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling leading to Akt activation upon receptor stimulation. The signaling axis formed by receptor tyrosine kinases, PI3K and Akt, as well as the vast range of downstream substrates is thus central to control of cell physiology in many different contexts and tissues. This axis must be tightly regulated, as disruption of PI3K-Akt signaling underlies the pathology of many diseases such as cancer and diabetes. This sophisticated regulation of PI3K-Akt signaling is due in part to the spatial and temporal compartmentalization of Akt activation and function, including in specific nanoscale domains of the plasma membrane as well as in specific intracellular membrane compartments. Here, we review the evidence for localized activation of PI3K-Akt signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases in various specific cellular compartments, as well as that of compartment-specific functions of Akt leading to control of several fundamental cellular processes. This spatial and temporal control of Akt activation and function occurs by a large number of parallel molecular mechanisms that are central to regulation of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Xiao L, Liu D, Zuo S, Zhu X, Wang Y, Dong C. Urea-modulated UT-B urea transporter internalization is clathrin- and caveolae-dependent in infantile hemangioma-derived vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:5128-5136. [PMID: 30367514 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the manner of urea-modulated UT-B urea transporter (UT) internalization in infantile hemangioma-derived vascular endothelial cells (HemECs). The immunohistochemistry assay was performed to identify infancy hemangioma-derived endothelial cell line (XPTS-1) cells. Cell toxicity was detected with the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were measured to analyze the expression of UT-B. UT-B internalization was observed by confocal microscopy. The clathrin inhibitor chlorpromazine (CPZ) and caveolin endocytic disrupter methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) were used in XPTS-1 cells transfected with UT-B-GFP to repress endocytosis. Urea-promoted UT-B expression in a concentration-dependent manner in an infantile XPTS-1 cell line. CPZ and MβCD significantly inhibited UT-B protein internalization. The pretreatment of UT-B-GFP cells with adaptor protein2 (AP2)-μ2-siRNA and caveolin-siRNA significantly inhibited UT-B protein internalization. Our findings suggested that urea-mediated UT-B UT internalization is clathrin and caveolae dependent in infantile HemECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Hemangioma, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dakan Liu
- Department of Hemangioma, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Song Zuo
- Department of Hemangioma, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhu
- Department of Hemangioma, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Hemangioma, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Changxian Dong
- Department of Hemangioma, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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20
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From Flat to Curved Clathrin: Controlling a Plastic Ratchet. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:241-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Weinberg ZY, Puthenveedu MA. Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling by plasma membrane organization and endocytosis. Traffic 2019; 20:121-129. [PMID: 30536564 PMCID: PMC6415975 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The trafficking of G protein coupled-receptors (GPCRs) is one of the most exciting areas in cell biology because of recent advances demonstrating that GPCR signaling is spatially encoded. GPCRs, acting in a diverse array of physiological systems, can have differential signaling consequences depending on their subcellular localization. At the plasma membrane, GPCR organization could fine-tune the initial stages of receptor signaling by determining the magnitude of signaling and the type of effectors to which receptors can couple. This organization is mediated by the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, receptor-receptor interactions, and receptor interactions with intracellular scaffolding proteins. GPCR organization is subsequently changed by ligand binding and the regulated endocytosis of these receptors. Activated GPCRs can modulate the dynamics of their own endocytosis through changing clathrin-coated pit dynamics, and through the scaffolding adaptor protein β-arrestin. This endocytic regulation has signaling consequences, predominantly through modulation of the MAPK cascade. This review explores what is known about receptor sorting at the plasma membrane, protein partners that control receptor endocytosis, and the ways in which receptor sorting at the plasma membrane regulates downstream trafficking and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Y Weinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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22
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Milesi C, Alberici P, Pozzi B, Oldani A, Beznoussenko GV, Raimondi A, Soppo BE, Amodio S, Caldieri G, Malabarba MG, Bertalot G, Confalonieri S, Parazzoli D, Mironov AA, Tacchetti C, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S, Offenhäuser N. Redundant and nonredundant organismal functions of EPS15 and EPS15L1. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/1/e201800273. [PMID: 30692166 PMCID: PMC6350104 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study unveils a redundant function for the endocytic proteins Eps15 and Eps15L1 in mouse embryo development and erythropoiesis, and a unique nonredundant role for Eps15L1 in the nervous system. EPS15 and its homologous EPS15L1 are endocytic accessory proteins. Studies in mammalian cell lines suggested that EPS15 and EPS15L1 regulate endocytosis in a redundant manner. However, at the organismal level, it is not known to which extent the functions of the two proteins overlap. Here, by exploiting various constitutive and conditional null mice, we report redundant and nonredundant functions of the two proteins. EPS15L1 displays a unique nonredundant role in the nervous system, whereas both proteins are fundamental during embryo development as shown by the embryonic lethality of -Eps15/Eps15L1-double KO mice. At the cellular level, the major process redundantly regulated by EPS15 and EPS15L1 is the endocytosis of the transferrin receptor, a pathway that sustains the development of red blood cells and controls iron homeostasis. Consequently, hematopoietic-specific conditional Eps15/Eps15L1-double KO mice display traits of microcytic hypochromic anemia, due to a cell-autonomous defect in iron internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Milesi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Alberici
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pozzi
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Cogentech Società Benefit Srl, Milan, Italy
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Blanche Ekalle Soppo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Amodio
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Caldieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Confalonieri
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Parazzoli
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,Cogentech Società Benefit Srl, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander A Mironov
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Tacchetti
- Experimental Imaging Centre, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy.,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy .,IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS (Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Milan, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Nina Offenhäuser
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy .,Cogentech Società Benefit Srl, Milan, Italy
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23
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Maib H, Ferreira F, Vassilopoulos S, Smythe E. Cargo regulates clathrin-coated pit invagination via clathrin light chain phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:4253-4266. [PMID: 30228161 PMCID: PMC6279376 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201805005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of clathrin light chains (CLCs) regulates GPCR uptake but is dispensable for transferrin internalization. Maib et al. show that CLCb phosphorylation is required for efficient auxilin-mediated clathrin exchange to promote coated pit invagination in a cargo-specific manner. Clathrin light chains (CLCs) control selective uptake of a range of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), although the mechanism by which this occurs has remained elusive thus far. In particular, site-specific phosphorylation of CLCb controls the uptake of the purinergic GPCR P2Y12, but it is dispensable for the constitutive uptake of the transferrin receptor (TfR). We demonstrate that phosphorylation of CLCb is required for the maturation of clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) through the transition of flat lattices into invaginated buds. This transition is dependent on efficient clathrin exchange regulated by CLCb phosphorylation and mediated through auxilin. Strikingly, this rearrangement is required for the uptake of P2Y12 but not TfR. These findings link auxilin-mediated clathrin exchange to early stages of CCP invagination in a cargo-specific manner. This supports a model in which CCPs invaginate with variable modes of curvature depending on the cargo they incorporate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Maib
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Filipe Ferreira
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of Myology, Centre for Research in Myology, UMRS 974, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeth Smythe
- Centre for Membrane Interactions and Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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24
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Ben Romdhan S, Sakka S, Farhat N, Triki S, Dammak M, Mhiri C. A Novel SYNJ1 Mutation in a Tunisian Family with Juvenile Parkinson's Disease Associated with Epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:273-278. [PMID: 30187305 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in SYNJ1 gene have been described in few families with juvenile atypical Parkinson disease (PD). This gene encodes for "Synaptojanin 1," an enzyme playing a major role in the phosphorylation and the recycling of synaptic vesicles. In this study, we report two siblings, from a consanguineous Tunisian family, presenting juvenile PD. Both siblings developed mild Parkinsonism at 16 and 21 years old respectively. One patient had generalized tonic-clonic seizures since the age of 7 years. There was no evidence of sleep or autonomic dysfunctions and psychiatric disorders in both cases, but they developed a moderate cognitive impairment. They kept a good respond to low doses of levodopa treatment with no dyskinesia or motor fluctuations. We designed an NGS-based screening of 22 currently most prevalent parkinsonism-associated genes. Genetic study revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation (p.Leu1406Phefs*42 and p.Lys1321Glu) in SYNJ1 gene. The p.Lys1321Glu mutation is located in the proline-rich domain and leads to a significant change in the 3D structure of the protein (RMS = 12.58 Å). The p.Leu1406Phefs*42 mutation disrupt the AP2 binding sites and subsequently disable synaptic and vesicle endocytic recycling in neurons. This is the first report of mutation in the C-terminal domain of Synaptojanin 1 protein causing mild juvenile PD with generalized seizures, cognitive impairment, and good respond to levodopa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawssan Ben Romdhan
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurogénétique, Maladie de Parkinson et Maladies Cérébro-Vasculaires (LR-12-SP-19), Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia. .,Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie. .,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris VI univ. UMR_S1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France. .,École Pratique des Hautes Études EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
| | - Salma Sakka
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurogénétique, Maladie de Parkinson et Maladies Cérébro-Vasculaires (LR-12-SP-19), Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Farhat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurogénétique, Maladie de Parkinson et Maladies Cérébro-Vasculaires (LR-12-SP-19), Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Siwar Triki
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurogénétique, Maladie de Parkinson et Maladies Cérébro-Vasculaires (LR-12-SP-19), Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Dammak
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurogénétique, Maladie de Parkinson et Maladies Cérébro-Vasculaires (LR-12-SP-19), Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Mhiri
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Neurogénétique, Maladie de Parkinson et Maladies Cérébro-Vasculaires (LR-12-SP-19), Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia.,Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisie
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25
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Rosselli-Murai LK, Yates JA, Yoshida S, Bourg J, Ho KKY, White M, Prisby J, Tan X, Altemus M, Bao L, Wu ZF, Veatch SL, Swanson JA, Merajver SD, Liu AP. Loss of PTEN promotes formation of signaling-capable clathrin-coated pits. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208926. [PMID: 29588397 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective endocytosis and vesicular trafficking of signaling receptors has recently emerged as a multifaceted hallmark of malignant cells. Clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) display highly heterogeneous dynamics on the plasma membrane where they can take from 20 s to over 1 min to form cytosolic coated vesicles. Despite the large number of cargo molecules that traffic through CCPs, it is not well understood whether signaling receptors activated in cancer, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are regulated through a specific subset of CCPs. The signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], which is dephosphorylated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), is a potent tumorigenic signaling lipid. By using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and automated tracking and detection of CCPs, we found that EGF-bound EGFR and PTEN are enriched in a distinct subset of short-lived CCPs that correspond with clathrin-dependent EGF-induced signaling. We demonstrated that PTEN plays a role in the regulation of CCP dynamics. Furthermore, increased PI(3,4,5)P3 resulted in higher proportion of short-lived CCPs, an effect that recapitulates PTEN deletion. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the existence of short-lived 'signaling-capable' CCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel A Yates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA
| | - Sei Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
| | - Julia Bourg
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Kenneth K Y Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan White
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julia Prisby
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan Altemus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Liwei Bao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA
| | - Zhi-Fen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA
| | - Sarah L Veatch
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
| | - Sofia D Merajver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA .,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allen P Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA .,Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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26
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Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major endocytic pathway in mammalian cells. It is responsible for the uptake of transmembrane receptors and transporters, for remodeling plasma membrane composition in response to environmental changes, and for regulating cell surface signaling. CME occurs via the assembly and maturation of clathrin-coated pits that concentrate cargo as they invaginate and pinch off to form clathrin-coated vesicles. In addition to the major coat proteins, clathrin triskelia and adaptor protein complexes, CME requires a myriad of endocytic accessory proteins and phosphatidylinositol lipids. CME is regulated at multiple steps-initiation, cargo selection, maturation, and fission-and is monitored by an endocytic checkpoint that induces disassembly of defective pits. Regulation occurs via posttranslational modifications, allosteric conformational changes, and isoform and splice-variant differences among components of the CME machinery, including the GTPase dynamin. This review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of CME and the evolution of this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , , , ,
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , , , ,
| | - Saipraveen Srinivasan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , , , ,
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , , , , .,Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; , , , ,
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27
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Lu SM, Fairn GD. Mesoscale organization of domains in the plasma membrane - beyond the lipid raft. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:192-207. [PMID: 29457544 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1436515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is compartmentalized into several distinct regions or domains, which show a broad diversity in both size and lifetime. The segregation of lipids and membrane proteins is thought to be driven by the lipid composition itself, lipid-protein interactions and diffusional barriers. With regards to the lipid composition, the immiscibility of certain classes of lipids underlies the "lipid raft" concept of plasmalemmal compartmentalization. Historically, lipid rafts have been described as cholesterol and (glyco)sphingolipid-rich regions of the plasma membrane that exist as a liquid-ordered phase that are resistant to extraction with non-ionic detergents. Over the years the interest in lipid rafts grew as did the challenges with studying these nanodomains. The term lipid raft has fallen out of favor with many scientists and instead the terms "membrane raft" or "membrane nanodomain" are preferred as they connote the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of the lipid-protein assemblies. In this article, we will discuss the classical lipid raft hypothesis and its limitations. This review will also discuss alternative models of lipid-protein interactions, annular lipid shells, and larger membrane clusters. We will also discuss the mesoscale organization of plasmalemmal domains including visible structures such as clathrin-coated pits and caveolae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella M Lu
- a Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- a Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital , Toronto , Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.,c Department of Surgery , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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28
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29
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Wood LA, Larocque G, Clarke NI, Sarkar S, Royle SJ. New tools for "hot-wiring" clathrin-mediated endocytosis with temporal and spatial precision. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4351-4365. [PMID: 28954824 PMCID: PMC5716275 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major route of receptor internalization at the plasma membrane. Analysis of constitutive CME is difficult because the initiation of endocytic events is unpredictable. When and where a clathrin-coated pit will form and what cargo it will contain are difficult to foresee. Here we describe a series of genetically encoded reporters that allow the initiation of CME on demand. A clathrin-binding protein fragment ("hook") is inducibly attached to an "anchor" protein at the plasma membrane, which triggers the formation of new clathrin-coated vesicles. Our design incorporates temporal and spatial control by the use of chemical and optogenetic methods for inducing hook-anchor attachment. Moreover, the cargo is defined. Because several steps in vesicle creation are bypassed, we term it "hot-wiring." We use hot-wired endocytosis to describe the functional interactions between clathrin and AP2. Two distinct sites on the β2 subunit, one on the hinge and the other on the appendage, are necessary and sufficient for functional clathrin engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Wood
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Gabrielle Larocque
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Nicholas I Clarke
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
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30
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Delos Santos RC, Bautista S, Lucarelli S, Bone LN, Dayam RM, Abousawan J, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. Selective regulation of clathrin-mediated epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and endocytosis by phospholipase C and calcium. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2802-2818. [PMID: 28814502 PMCID: PMC5638584 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-12-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a major regulator of cell-surface protein internalization. Clathrin and other proteins assemble into small invaginating structures at the plasma membrane termed clathrin-coated pits (CCPs) that mediate vesicle formation. In addition, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is regulated by its accumulation within CCPs. Given the diversity of proteins regulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, how this process may distinctly regulate specific receptors is a key question. We examined the selective regulation of clathrin-dependent EGFR signaling and endocytosis. We find that perturbations of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), Ca2+, or protein kinase C (PKC) impair clathrin-mediated endocytosis of EGFR, the formation of CCPs harboring EGFR, and EGFR signaling. Each of these manipulations was without effect on the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of transferrin receptor (TfR). EGFR and TfR were recruited to largely distinct clathrin structures. In addition to control of initiation and assembly of CCPs, EGF stimulation also elicited a Ca2+- and PKC-dependent reduction in synaptojanin1 recruitment to clathrin structures, indicating broad control of CCP assembly by Ca2+ signals. Hence EGFR elicits PLCγ1-calcium signals to facilitate formation of a subset of CCPs, thus modulating its own signaling and endocytosis. This provides evidence for the versatility of CCPs to control diverse cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Christian Delos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Stephen Bautista
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Leslie N Bone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Roya M Dayam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - John Abousawan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada .,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
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31
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Liu AP, Botelho RJ, Antonescu CN. The big and intricate dreams of little organelles: Embracing complexity in the study of membrane traffic. Traffic 2017; 18:567-579. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
- Biophysics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- The Graduate Program in Molecular Science and Department of Chemistry and Biology Ryerson University Toronto Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Canada
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32
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Chen PH, Bendris N, Hsiao YJ, Reis CR, Mettlen M, Chen HY, Yu SL, Schmid SL. Crosstalk between CLCb/Dyn1-Mediated Adaptive Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Increases Metastasis. Dev Cell 2017; 40:278-288.e5. [PMID: 28171750 PMCID: PMC5740869 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Signaling receptors are internalized and regulated by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Two clathrin light chain isoforms, CLCa and CLCb, are integral components of the endocytic machinery whose differential functions remain unknown. We report that CLCb is specifically upregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and is associated with poor patient prognosis. Engineered single CLCb-expressing NSCLC cells, as well as "switched" cells that predominantly express CLCb, exhibit increased rates of CME and altered clathrin-coated pit dynamics. This "adaptive CME" resulted from upregulation of dynamin-1 (Dyn1) and its activation through a positive feedback loop involving enhanced epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent Akt/GSK3β phosphorylation. CLCb/Dyn1-dependent adaptive CME selectively altered EGF receptor trafficking, enhanced cell migration in vitro, and increased the metastatic efficiency of NSCLC cells in vivo. We define molecular mechanisms for adaptive CME in cancer cells and a role for the reciprocal crosstalk between signaling and CME in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hung Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Nawal Bendris
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Jing Hsiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Carlos R Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hsuan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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33
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Lucarelli S, Delos Santos RC, Antonescu CN. Measurement of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Derived Signals Within Plasma Membrane Clathrin Structures. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1652:191-225. [PMID: 28791645 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7219-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is an important regulator of cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration, and metabolism. EGF binding to EGFR triggers the activation of the receptor's intrinsic kinase activity, in turn eliciting the recruitment of many secondary signaling proteins and activation of downstream signals, such as the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt, a process requiring the phosphorylation of Gab1. While the identity of many signals that can be activated by EGFR has been revealed, how the spatiotemporal organization of EGFR signaling within cells controls receptor outcome remains poorly understood. Upon EGF binding at the plasma membrane, EGFR is internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following recruitment to clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Further, plasma membrane CCPs, but not EGFR internalization, are required for EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Signaling intermediates such as phosphorylated Gab1, which lead to Akt phosphorylation, are enriched within CCPs upon EGF stimulation. These findings indicate that some plasma membrane CCPs also serve as signaling microdomains required for certain facets of EGFR signaling and are enriched in key EGFR signaling intermediates. Understanding how the spatiotemporal organization of EGFR signals within CCP microdomains controls receptor signaling outcome requires imaging methods that can systematically resolve and analyze the properties of CCPs, EGFR and key signaling intermediates. Here, we describe methods using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy imaging and analysis to systematically study the enrichment of EGFR and key EGFR-derived signals within CCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Ralph Christian Delos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3.,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3. .,Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 2K3. .,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B 1W8.
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34
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Bendris N, Schmid SL. Endocytosis, Metastasis and Beyond: Multiple Facets of SNX9. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 27:189-200. [PMID: 27989654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sorting nexin (SNX)9 was first discovered as an endocytic accessory protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. However, recent data suggest that SNX9 is a multifunctional scaffold that coordinates membrane trafficking and remodeling with changes in actin dynamics to affect diverse cellular processes. Here, we review the accumulated knowledge on SNX9 with an emphasis on its recently identified roles in clathrin-independent endocytic pathways, cell invasion, and cell division, which have implications for SNX9 function in human disease, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Bendris
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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35
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Xu C, Fu X, Zhu S, Liu JJ. Retrolinkin recruits the WAVE1 protein complex to facilitate BDNF-induced TrkB endocytosis and dendrite outgrowth. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3342-3356. [PMID: 27605705 PMCID: PMC5170866 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrolinkin, a neuronal membrane protein, coordinates with endophilin A1 and mediates early endocytic trafficking and signal transduction of the ligand-receptor complex formed between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), in dendrites of CNS neurons. Here we report that retrolinkin interacts with the CYFIP1/2 subunit of the WAVE1 complex, a member of the WASP/WAVE family of nucleation-promoting factors that binds and activates the Arp2/3 complex to promote branched actin polymerization. WAVE1, not N-WASP, is required for BDNF-induced TrkB endocytosis and dendrite outgrowth. Disruption of the interaction between retrolinkin and CYFIP1/2 impairs recruitment of WAVE1 to neuronal plasma membrane upon BDNF addition and blocks internalization of activated TrkB. We also show that WAVE1-mediated endocytosis of BDNF-activated TrkB is actin dependent and clathrin independent. These results not only reveal the mechanistic role of retrolinkin in BDNF-TrkB endocytosis, but also indicate that WASP/WAVE-dependent actin polymerization during endocytosis is regulated by cell type-specific and cargo-specific modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiuping Fu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shaoxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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36
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Fekri F, Delos Santos RC, Karshafian R, Antonescu CN. Ultrasound Microbubble Treatment Enhances Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis and Fluid-Phase Uptake through Distinct Mechanisms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156754. [PMID: 27275866 PMCID: PMC4898768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to tumors is limited by several factors, including drug permeability of the target cell plasma membrane. Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles (USMB) is a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. USMB treatment elicits enhanced cellular uptake of materials such as drugs, in part as a result of sheer stress and formation of transient membrane pores. Pores formed upon USMB treatment are rapidly resealed, suggesting that other processes such as enhanced endocytosis may contribute to the enhanced material uptake by cells upon USMB treatment. How USMB regulates endocytic processes remains incompletely understood. Cells constitutively utilize several distinct mechanisms of endocytosis, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) for the internalization of receptor-bound macromolecules such as Transferrin Receptor (TfR), and distinct mechanism(s) that mediate the majority of fluid-phase endocytosis. Tracking the abundance of TfR on the cell surface and the internalization of its ligand transferrin revealed that USMB acutely enhances the rate of CME. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments revealed that USMB treatment altered the assembly of clathrin-coated pits, the basic structural units of CME. In addition, the rate of fluid-phase endocytosis was enhanced, but with delayed onset upon USMB treatment relative to the enhancement of CME, suggesting that the two processes are distinctly regulated by USMB. Indeed, vacuolin-1 or desipramine treatment prevented the enhancement of CME but not of fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB, suggesting that lysosome exocytosis and acid sphingomyelinase, respectively, are required for the regulation of CME but not fluid phase endocytosis upon USMB treatment. These results indicate that USMB enhances both CME and fluid phase endocytosis through distinct signaling mechanisms, and suggest that strategies for potentiating the enhancement of endocytosis upon USMB treatment may improve targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Fekri
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph Christian Delos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raffi Karshafian
- Department of Medical Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RK); (CNA)
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (RK); (CNA)
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37
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Barbieri E, Di Fiore PP, Sigismund S. Endocytic control of signaling at the plasma membrane. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 39:21-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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38
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Dergai M, Iershov A, Novokhatska O, Pankivskyi S, Rynditch A. Evolutionary Changes on the Way to Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis in Animals. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:588-606. [PMID: 26872775 PMCID: PMC4824007 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic pathways constitute an evolutionarily ancient system that significantly contributed to the eukaryotic cell architecture and to the diversity of cell type-specific functions and signaling cascades, in particular of metazoans. Here we used comparative proteomic studies to analyze the universal internalization route in eukaryotes, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), to address the issues of how this system evolved and what are its specific features. Among 35 proteins crucially required for animal CME, we identified a subset of 22 proteins common to major eukaryotic branches and 13 gradually acquired during evolution. Based on exploration of structure-function relationship between conserved homologs in sister, distantly related and early diverged branches, we identified novel features acquired during evolution of endocytic proteins on the way to animals: Elaborated way of cargo recruitment by multiple sorting proteins, structural changes in the core endocytic complex AP2, the emergence of the Fer/Cip4 homology domain-only protein/epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15/intersectin functional complex as an additional interaction hub and activator of AP2, as well as changes in late endocytic stages due to recruitment of dynamin/sorting nexin 9 complex and involvement of the actin polymerization machinery. The evolutionary reconstruction showed the basis of the CME process and its subsequent step-by-step development. Documented changes imply more precise regulation of the pathway, as well as CME specialization for the uptake of specific cargoes and cell type-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Dergai
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Iershov
- Department of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olga Novokhatska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Pankivskyi
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Rynditch
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
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39
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Crupi MJF, Yoganathan P, Bone LN, Lian E, Fetz A, Antonescu CN, Mulligan LM. Distinct Temporal Regulation of RET Isoform Internalization: Roles of Clathrin and AP2. Traffic 2015; 16:1155-73. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu J. F. Crupi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Piriya Yoganathan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Leslie N. Bone
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Eric Lian
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Andrew Fetz
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Lois M. Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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40
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Hong SH, Cortesio CL, Drubin DG. Machine-Learning-Based Analysis in Genome-Edited Cells Reveals the Efficiency of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. Cell Rep 2015; 12:2121-30. [PMID: 26387943 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells internalize various molecules through clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Previous live-cell imaging studies suggested that CME is inefficient, with about half of the events terminated. These CME efficiency estimates may have been confounded by overexpression of fluorescently tagged proteins and inability to filter out false CME sites. Here, we employed genome editing and machine learning to identify and analyze authentic CME sites. We examined CME dynamics in cells that express fluorescent fusions of two defining CME proteins, AP2 and clathrin. Support vector machine classifiers were built to identify and analyze authentic CME sites. From inception until disappearance, authentic CME sites contain both AP2 and clathrin, have the same degree of limited mobility, continue to accumulate AP2 and clathrin over lifetimes >∼20 s, and almost always form vesicles as assessed by dynamin2 recruitment. Sites that contain only clathrin or AP2 show distinct dynamics, suggesting they are not part of the CME pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hae Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christa L Cortesio
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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41
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Garay C, Judge G, Lucarelli S, Bautista S, Pandey R, Singh T, Antonescu CN. Epidermal growth factor-stimulated Akt phosphorylation requires clathrin or ErbB2 but not receptor endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3504-19. [PMID: 26246598 PMCID: PMC4591694 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon ligand binding, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates signaling and undergoes endocytosis. EGFR signaling leading to Akt activation is impaired by perturbation of clathrin but not by inhibition of internalization through perturbation of dynamin. Clathrin may thus directly regulate receptor signaling at the cell surface. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to its receptor (EGFR) activates several signaling intermediates, including Akt, leading to control of cell survival and metabolism. Concomitantly, ligand-bound EGFR is incorporated into clathrin-coated pits—membrane structures containing clathrin and other proteins—eventually leading to receptor internalization. Whether clathrin might regulate EGFR signaling at the plasma membrane before vesicle scission is poorly understood. We compared the effect of clathrin perturbation (preventing formation of, or receptor recruitment to, clathrin structures) to that of dynamin2 (allowing formation of clathrin structures but preventing EGFR internalization) under conditions in which EGFR endocytosis is clathrin dependent. Clathrin perturbation by siRNA gene silencing, with the clathrin inhibitor pitstop2, or knocksideways silencing inhibited EGF-simulated Gab1 and Akt phosphorylation in ARPE-19 cells. In contrast, perturbation of dynamin2 with inhibitors or by siRNA gene silencing did not affect EGF-stimulated Gab1 or Akt phosphorylation. EGF stimulation enriched Gab1 and phospho-Gab1 within clathrin structures. ARPE-19 cells have low ErbB2 expression, and overexpression and knockdown experiments revealed that robust ErbB2 expression bypassed the requirement for clathrin for EGF-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus clathrin scaffolds may represent unique plasma membrane signaling microdomains required for signaling by certain receptors, a function that can be separated from vesicle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Garay
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Gurjeet Judge
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Stefanie Lucarelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Stephen Bautista
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Rohan Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Costin N Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
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42
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Charming neighborhoods on the cell surface: plasma membrane microdomains regulate receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1963-76. [PMID: 26163824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are an important family of growth factor and hormone receptors that regulate many aspects of cellular physiology. Ligand binding by RTKs at the plasma membrane elicits activation of many signaling intermediates. The spatial and temporal regulation of RTK signaling within cells is an important determinant of receptor signaling outcome. In particular, the compartmentalization of the plasma membrane into a number of microdomains allows context-specific control of RTK signaling. Indeed various RTKs are recruited to and enriched within specific plasma membrane microdomains under various conditions, including lipid-ordered domains such as caveolae and lipid rafts, clathrin-coated structures, tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, and actin-dependent protrusive membrane microdomains such as dorsal ruffles and invadosomes. We examine the evidence for control of RTK signaling by each of these plasma membrane microdomains, as well as molecular mechanisms for how this spatial organization controls receptor signaling.
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43
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Reis CR, Chen PH, Srinivasan S, Aguet F, Mettlen M, Schmid SL. Crosstalk between Akt/GSK3β signaling and dynamin-1 regulates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. EMBO J 2015; 34:2132-46. [PMID: 26139537 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) regulates signaling from the plasma membrane. Analysis of clathrin-coated pit (CCP) dynamics led us to propose the existence of a rate-limiting, regulatory step(s) that monitor the fidelity of early stages in CCP maturation. Here we show that nascent endocytic vesicles formed in mutant cells displaying rapid, dysregulated CME are defective in early endosomal trafficking, maturation and acidification, confirming the importance of this "checkpoint." Dysregulated CME also alters EGF receptor signaling and leads to constitutive activation of the protein kinase Akt. Dynamin-1, which was thought to be neuron specific, is activated by the Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade in non-neuronal cells to trigger rapid, dysregulated CME. Acute activation of dynamin-1 in RPE cells by inhibition of GSK3β accelerates CME, alters CCP dynamics and, unexpectedly, increases the rate of CCP initiation. CRISPR-Cas9n-mediated knockout and reconstitution studies establish that dynamin-1 is activated by Akt/GSK3β signaling in H1299 non-small lung cancer cells. These findings provide direct evidence for an isoform-specific role for dynamin in regulating CME and reveal a feed-forward pathway that could link signaling from cell surface receptors to the regulation of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Reis
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ping-Hung Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - François Aguet
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sandra L Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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44
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Boeke D, Trautmann S, Meurer M, Wachsmuth M, Godlee C, Knop M, Kaksonen M. Quantification of cytosolic interactions identifies Ede1 oligomers as key organizers of endocytosis. Mol Syst Biol 2014; 10:756. [PMID: 25366307 PMCID: PMC4299599 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20145422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a highly conserved intracellular trafficking pathway that depends on dynamic protein-protein interactions between up to 60 different proteins. However, little is known about the spatio-temporal regulation of these interactions. Using fluorescence (cross)-correlation spectroscopy in yeast, we tested 41 previously reported interactions in vivo and found 16 to exist in the cytoplasm. These detected cytoplasmic interactions included the self-interaction of Ede1, homolog of mammalian Eps15. Ede1 is the crucial scaffold for the organization of the early stages of endocytosis. We show that oligomerization of Ede1 through its central coiled coil domain is necessary for its localization to the endocytic site and we link the oligomerization of Ede1 to its function in locally concentrating endocytic adaptors and organizing the endocytic machinery. Our study sheds light on the importance of the regulation of protein-protein interactions in the cytoplasm for the assembly of the endocytic machinery in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Boeke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) DKFZ-ZMBH-Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Trautmann
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) DKFZ-ZMBH-Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meurer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) DKFZ-ZMBH-Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malte Wachsmuth
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Camilla Godlee
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Knop
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH) Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) DKFZ-ZMBH-Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marko Kaksonen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Soohoo AL, Bowersox SL, Puthenveedu MA. Visualizing clathrin-mediated endocytosis of G protein-coupled receptors at single-event resolution via TIRF microscopy. J Vis Exp 2014:e51805. [PMID: 25350161 DOI: 10.3791/51805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many important signaling receptors are internalized through the well-studied process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Traditional cell biological assays, measuring global changes in endocytosis, have identified over 30 known components participating in CME, and biochemical studies have generated an interaction map of many of these components. It is becoming increasingly clear, however, that CME is a highly dynamic process whose regulation is complex and delicate. In this manuscript, we describe the use of Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to directly visualize the dynamics of components of the clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery, in real time in living cells, at the level of individual events that mediate this process. This approach is essential to elucidate the subtle changes that can alter endocytosis without globally blocking it, as is seen with physiological regulation. We will focus on using this technique to analyze an area of emerging interest, the role of cargo composition in modulating the dynamics of distinct clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). This protocol is compatible with a variety of widely available fluorescence probes, and may be applied to visualizing the dynamics of many cargo molecules that are internalized from the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Soohoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University
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46
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Xie S, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Diacylglycerol kinase α regulates tubular recycling endosome biogenesis and major histocompatibility complex class I recycling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31914-31926. [PMID: 25248744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.594291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) presents intracellular-derived peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes and its subcellular itinerary is important in regulating the immune response. While a number of diacylglycerol kinase isoforms have been implicated in clathrin-dependent internalization, MHC I lacks the typical motifs known to mediate clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Here we show that depletion of diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα), a kinase devoid of a clathrin-dependent adaptor protein complex 2 binding site, caused a delay in MHC I recycling to the plasma membrane without affecting the rate of MHC I internalization. We demonstrate that DGKα knock-down causes accumulation of intracellular and surface MHC I, resulting from decreased degradation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that DGKα is required for the generation of phosphatidic acid required for tubular recycling endosome (TRE) biogenesis. Moreover, we show that DGKα forms a complex with the TRE hub protein, MICAL-L1. Given that MICAL-L1 and the F-BAR-containing membrane-tubulating protein Syndapin2 associate selectively with phosphatidic acid, we propose a positive feedback loop in which DGKα generates phosphatidic acid to drive its own recruitment to TRE via its interaction with MICAL-L1. Our data support a novel role for the involvement of DGKα in TRE biogenesis and MHC I recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198.
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, The University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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47
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Mettlen M, Danuser G. Imaging and modeling the dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a017038. [PMID: 25167858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and is mediated by clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Live-cell imaging has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in CCP assembly kinetics, which can be used as an intrinsic source of mechanistic information on CCP regulation but also poses several major problems for unbiased analysis of CME dynamics. The backbone of unveiling the molecular control of CME is an imaging-based inventory of the full diversity of individual CCP behaviors, which requires detection and tracking of structural fiduciaries and regulatory proteins with an accuracy of >99.9%, despite very low signals. This level of confidence can only be achieved by combining appropriate imaging modalities with self-diagnostic computational algorithms for image analysis and data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9039
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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48
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Seguín-Estévez Q, Dunand-Sauthier I, Lemeille S, Iseli C, Ibberson M, Ioannidis V, Schmid CD, Rousseau P, Barras E, Geinoz A, Xenarios I, Acha-Orbea H, Reith W. Extensive remodeling of DC function by rapid maturation-induced transcriptional silencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:9641-55. [PMID: 25104025 PMCID: PMC4150779 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation, or maturation, of dendritic cells (DCs) is crucial for the initiation of adaptive T-cell mediated immune responses. Research on the molecular mechanisms implicated in DC maturation has focused primarily on inducible gene-expression events promoting the acquisition of new functions, such as cytokine production and enhanced T-cell-stimulatory capacity. In contrast, mechanisms that modulate DC function by inducing widespread gene-silencing remain poorly understood. Yet the termination of key functions is known to be critical for the function of activated DCs. Genome-wide analysis of activation-induced histone deacetylation, combined with genome-wide quantification of activation-induced silencing of nascent transcription, led us to identify a novel inducible transcriptional-repression pathway that makes major contributions to the DC-maturation process. This silencing response is a rapid primary event distinct from repression mechanisms known to operate at later stages of DC maturation. The repressed genes function in pivotal processes--including antigen-presentation, extracellular signal detection, intracellular signal transduction and lipid-mediator biosynthesis--underscoring the central contribution of the silencing mechanism to rapid reshaping of DC function. Interestingly, promoters of the repressed genes exhibit a surprisingly high frequency of PU.1-occupied sites, suggesting a novel role for this lineage-specific transcription factor in marking genes poised for inducible repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queralt Seguín-Estévez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dunand-Sauthier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Iseli
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph D Schmid
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Rousseau
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuèle Barras
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Geinoz
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva Medical School, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Nández R, Balkin DM, Messa M, Liang L, Paradise S, Czapla H, Hein MY, Duncan JS, Mann M, De Camilli P. A role of OCRL in clathrin-coated pit dynamics and uncoating revealed by studies of Lowe syndrome cells. eLife 2014; 3:e02975. [PMID: 25107275 PMCID: PMC4358339 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the inositol 5-phosphatase OCRL cause Lowe syndrome and Dent's disease. Although OCRL, a direct clathrin interactor, is recruited to late-stage clathrin-coated pits, clinical manifestations have been primarily attributed to intracellular sorting defects. Here we show that OCRL loss in Lowe syndrome patient fibroblasts impacts clathrin-mediated endocytosis and results in an endocytic defect. These cells exhibit an accumulation of clathrin-coated vesicles and an increase in U-shaped clathrin-coated pits, which may result from sequestration of coat components on uncoated vesicles. Endocytic vesicles that fail to lose their coat nucleate the majority of the numerous actin comets present in patient cells. SNX9, an adaptor that couples late-stage endocytic coated pits to actin polymerization and which we found to bind OCRL directly, remains associated with such vesicles. These results indicate that OCRL acts as an uncoating factor and that defects in clathrin-mediated endocytosis likely contribute to pathology in patients with OCRL mutations. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02975.001 Oculo-Cerebro-Renal syndrome of Lowe (Lowe syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder that can cause cataracts, mental disabilities and kidney dysfunction. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding OCRL, a protein that modifies a membrane lipid and that is found on membranes transporting molecules (cargo) into cells by a process known as endocytosis. During endocytosis, the cell outer membrane is deformed into a pit that engulfs the cargo to be taken up by the cell. The pit then pinches off from the outer membrane to form a vesicle—a bubble-like compartment—inside the cell that transports the cargo to its destination. In one type of endocytosis, this process is mediated by a basket-like coat primarily made up from the protein clathrin that assembles at the membrane patch to be internalized. After the vesicle is released from the cell membrane, the clathrin coat is broken apart and its components are shed and recycled for use by new budding endocytic vesicles. The OCRL protein had previously been observed associated to newly forming clathrin-coated vesicles, but the significance of this was not known. Now, Nández et al. have used a range of imaging and analytical techniques to further investigate the properties of OCRL, taking advantage of cells from patients with Lowe syndrome. These cells lack OCRL, and so allow the effect of OCRL's absence on cell function to be deduced. OCRL destroys the membrane lipid that helps to connect the clathrin coat to the membrane, and Nández et al. show that without OCRL the newly formed vesicle moves into the cell but fails to efficiently shed its clathrin coat. Thus, a large fraction of clathrin coat components remain trapped on the vesicles, reducing the amount of such components available to help new pits develop into vesicles. As a consequence, the cell has difficulty internalizing molecules. Collectively, the findings of Nández et al. outline that OCRL plays a role in the regulation of endocytosis in addition to its previously reported actions in the control of intracellular membrane traffic. The results also help to explain some of the symptoms seen in Lowe syndrome patients. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02975.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Nández
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Daniel M Balkin
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Mirko Messa
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Summer Paradise
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Heather Czapla
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - James S Duncan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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50
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Weinberg JS, Drubin DG. Regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by dynamic ubiquitination and deubiquitination. Curr Biol 2014; 24:951-9. [PMID: 24746795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clathrin-mediated endocytosis in budding yeast requires the regulated recruitment and disassociation of more than 60 proteins at discrete plasma membrane punctae. Posttranslational modifications such as ubiquitination may play important regulatory roles in this highly processive and ordered process. However, although ubiquitination plays an important role in cargo selection, functions for ubiquitination of the endocytic machinery are not known. RESULTS We identified the deubiquitinase (DUB) Ubp7 as a late-arriving endocytic protein. Deletion of the DUBs Ubp2 and Ubp7 resulted in elongation of endocytic coat protein lifetimes at the plasma membrane and recruitment of endocytic proteins to internal membranes. These phenotypes could be replicated by expressing a permanently ubiquitinated version of Ede1, the yeast Eps15 homolog, which is implicated in endocytic site initiation, whereas EDE1 deletion partially suppressed the DUB deletion phenotype. Both DUBs are capable of deubiquitinating Ede1 in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Deubiquitination regulates formation of endocytic sites and stability of the endocytic coat. This regulation appears to occur through Ede1, because permanently ubiquitinated Ede1 phenocopies deletion of UBP2 and UBP7. Moreover, incomplete suppression of the ubp2Δ ubp7Δ phenotype by ede1Δ indicates that ubiquitination and deubiquitination are likely to regulate additional components of the endocytic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper S Weinberg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 16 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA
| | - David G Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 16 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.
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