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Yamashima T, Mochly-Rosen D, Wakatsuki S, Mizukoshi E, Seike T, Larus IM, Chen CH, Takemura M, Saito H, Ohashi A. Cleavage of Hsp70.1 causes lysosomal cell death under stress conditions. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1378656. [PMID: 38859931 PMCID: PMC11163108 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1378656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy mediates the degradation of intracellular macromolecules and organelles within lysosomes. There are three types of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Heat shock protein 70.1 (Hsp70.1) exhibits dual functions as a chaperone protein and a lysosomal membrane stabilizer. Since chaperone-mediated autophagy participates in the recycling of ∼30% cytosolic proteins, its disorder causes cell susceptibility to stress conditions. Cargo proteins destined for degradation such as amyloid precursor protein and tau protein are trafficked by Hsp70.1 from the cytosol into lysosomes. Hsp70.1 is composed of an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a C-terminal domain that binds to cargo proteins, termed the substrate-binding domain (SBD). The NBD and SBD are connected by the interdomain linker LL1, which modulates the allosteric structure of Hsp70.1 in response to ADP/ATP binding. After the passage of the Hsp70.1-cargo complex through the lysosomal limiting membrane, high-affinity binding of the positive-charged SBD with negative-charged bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) at the internal vesicular membranes activates acid sphingomyelinase to generate ceramide for stabilizing lysosomal membranes. As the integrity of the lysosomal limiting membrane is critical to ensure cargo protein degradation within the acidic lumen, the disintegration of the lysosomal limiting membrane is lethal to cells. After the intake of high-fat diets, however, β-oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria generates reactive oxygen species, which enhance the oxidation of membrane linoleic acids to produce 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE). In addition, 4-HNE is produced during the heating of linoleic acid-rich vegetable oils and incorporated into the body via deep-fried foods. This endogenous and exogenous 4-HNE synergically causes an increase in its serum and organ levels to induce carbonylation of Hsp70.1 at Arg469, which facilitates its conformational change and access of activated μ-calpain to LL1. Therefore, the cleavage of Hsp70.1 occurs prior to its influx into the lysosomal lumen, which leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization/rupture. The resultant leakage of cathepsins is responsible for lysosomal cell death, which would be one of the causative factors of lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Soichi Wakatsuki
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Isabel Maria Larus
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Miho Takemura
- Laboratory of Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Saito
- Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohashi
- Division of Collaborative Research and Development, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
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Dai M, Xin H, Dai W, Huang X, Wang X. Association of cooking oil and incident of frailty in older adults: a cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:424. [PMID: 38741040 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining the potential association between cooking oil and frailty risk in older adults have produced conflicting outcomes. Therefore, our objective was to explore the relationship between cooking oil (vegetable and animal fat oils), changes in oil usage, and the risk of frailty in older adults. METHODS We included 4,838 participants aged ≥ 65 years without frailty (frailty index < 0.25) from the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Follow-up occurred in the 2014 and 2018 waves. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to examine the association between cooking oil and frailty. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of switching cooking oil on frailty during the follow-up period. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 3.0 (2.8-6.9) years, 1,348 individuals (27.9%) developed frailty. Compared to those using vegetable oil, users of animal fat oil had a lower risk of frailty (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61-0.85). Participants who switched from vegetable oil to animal fat oil, as well as those consistently using animal fat oil, had lower risks of frailty with HRs of 0.70 (0.52-0.95) and 0.63 (0.51-0.77) respectively, compared to those who consistently used vegetable oil. Conversely, individuals who switched from animal fat oil to vegetable oil experienced an increased risk of frailty (HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.97). CONCLUSIONS The utilization of animal fat oil in cooking exhibited a reduced frailty risk among older adults. Conversely, transitioning from animal fat oil to vegetable oil may elevate the risk. These findings propose that substituting vegetable oil with animal fat oil in the diet may safeguard against frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Huaping Xin
- Department of Geriatrics, Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun, Jiangxi, 330600, China
| | - Weiwei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332000, China.
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Luo YX, Yang LL, Yao XQ. Gut microbiota-host lipid crosstalk in Alzheimer's disease: implications for disease progression and therapeutics. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38627829 PMCID: PMC11020986 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Trillions of intestinal bacteria in the human body undergo dynamic transformations in response to physiological and pathological changes. Alterations in their composition and metabolites collectively contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease is diverse and complex, evidence suggests lipid metabolism may be one of the potential pathways. However, the mechanisms that gut microbiota mediate lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease pathology remain unclear, necessitating further investigation for clarification. This review highlights the current understanding of how gut microbiota disrupts lipid metabolism and discusses the implications of these discoveries in guiding strategies for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-Ling Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Chongqing Municipality Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Therapy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Poli G, Bologna E, Saguy IS. Possible interactions between selected food processing and medications. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1380010. [PMID: 38680533 PMCID: PMC11045975 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1380010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of food processing on drug absorption, metabolism, and subsequent pharmacological activity is a pressing yet insufficiently explored area of research. Overlooking food-processing-drug interactions can significantly disrupt optimal clinical patient management. The challenges extend beyond merely considering the type and timing of food ingestion as to drug uptake; the specific food processing methods applied play a pivotal role. This study delves into both selected thermal and non-thermal food processing techniques, investigating their potential interference with the established pharmacokinetics of medications. Within the realm of thermal processing, conventional methods like deep fat frying, grilling, or barbecuing not only reduce the enteric absorption of drugs but also may give rise to side-products such as acrylamide, aldehydes, oxysterols, and oxyphytosterols. When produced in elevated quantities, these compounds exhibit enterotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects, potentially impacting the metabolism of various medications. Of note, a variety of thermal processing is frequently adopted during the preparation of diverse traditional herbal medicines. Conversely, circumventing high heat through innovative approaches (e.g., high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, plasma technology), opens new avenues to improve food quality, efficiency, bioavailability, and sustainability. However, it is crucial to exercise caution to prevent the excessive uptake of active compounds in specific patient categories. The potential interactions between food processing methods and their consequences, whether beneficial or adverse, on drug interactions can pose health hazards in certain cases. Recognizing this knowledge gap underscores the urgency for intensified and targeted scientific inquiry into the multitude of conceivable interactions among food composition, processing methods, and pharmaceutical agents. A thorough investigation into the underlying mechanisms is imperative. The complexity of this field requires substantial scrutiny and collaborative efforts across diverse domains, including medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, food science, food technology, and food engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ettore Bologna
- Medical Service Fondazione Piera Pietro and Giovanni Ferrero, Alba, Italy
| | - I. Sam Saguy
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Sabião TDS, Oliveira FCD, Bressan J, Pimenta AM, Hermsdorff HHM, Oliveira FLPD, Mendonça RDD, Carraro JCC. Fatty acid intake and prevalence of depression among Brazilian graduates and postgraduates (CUME Study). J Affect Disord 2024; 346:182-191. [PMID: 37949241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fatty acids are related to the development of several inflammatory-related diseases, which may include depression. So, the association between fatty acids, culinary oils and fat intake and depression in highly educated Brazilians was evaluated. METHODS Multicenter cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais. The diagnosis of depression was self-reported, and the daily intake of fatty acids was assessed using a 144-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). RESULTS A total of 7157 participants (68.83 % women) with a median age of 33 years were included. The prevalence of depression was 12.60 % (N = 902). In the adjusted analyses, it was observed that individuals with the highest intake of omega-6 fatty acids (n-6) (OR: 1.36, 95 % CI 1.11-1.67) had a higher prevalence of depression. This increased n-6 intake was identified as a risk factor for depression only among male participants, while among overweight participants, higher n-6 intake was also positively associated with depression. Conversely, a higher ratio of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (PM/S) was also found to be positively associated with depression, but this association was observed only among non-overweight participants. No associations were found between the consumption of culinary oils or fats and depression. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design limits the assessment of causality. The use of the FFQ can make estimates more difficult. CONCLUSION Higher consumption of n-6, and higher PM/S ratios were associated with depression, and individual factors can interfere. The mental health care policies should include specific nutritional strategies.
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Qian X, Klatt S, Bennewitz K, Wohlfart DP, Lou B, Meng Y, Buettner M, Poschet G, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Sticht C, Hausser I, Fleming I, Szendroedi J, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Impaired Detoxification of Trans, Trans-2,4-Decadienal, an Oxidation Product from Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Alters Insulin Signaling, Gluconeogenesis and Promotes Microvascular Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302325. [PMID: 38059818 PMCID: PMC10811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Omega-6 fatty acids are the primary polyunsaturated fatty acids in most Western diets, while their role in diabetes remains controversial. Exposure of omega-6 fatty acids to an oxidative environment results in the generation of a highly reactive carbonyl species known as trans, trans-2,4-decadienal (tt-DDE). The timely and efficient detoxification of this metabolite, which has actions comparable to other reactive carbonyl species, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, acrolein, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal, is essential for disease prevention. However, the detoxification mechanism for tt-DDE remains elusive. In this study, the enzyme Aldh9a1b is identified as having a key role in the detoxification of tt-DDE. Loss of Aldh9a1b increased tt-DDE levels and resulted in an abnormal retinal vasculature and glucose intolerance in aldh9a1b-/- zebrafish. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that tt-DDE and aldh9a1b deficiency in larval and adult zebrafish induced insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in hyaloid vasculature is induced by aldh9a1b knockout or by tt-DDE treatment can be rescued by the insulin receptor sensitizers metformin and rosiglitazone. Collectively, these results demonstrated that tt-DDE is the substrate of Aldh9a1b which causes microvascular damage and impaired glucose metabolism through insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - David Philipp Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
- Present address:
Cardiovascular Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University277 West Yanta RoadXi'an710061China
| | - Ye Meng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation CenterThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou310003China
| | - Michael Buettner
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular SignalingCentre for Molecular MedicineGoethe‐Universityam Main60590FrankfurtGermany
- The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Partner site RheinMain60590FrankfurtGermany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University Hospital69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular BiologyEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg University68167MannheimGermany
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7
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Wiegers C, van Beek EHT, Larsen OFA. Clinical research with probiotics as an indicator of global valorization since the year 2000. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1323920. [PMID: 38163072 PMCID: PMC10756236 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are becoming increasingly popular due to their potential health benefits. With this rise in popularity and demand as indicated by ever-growing market prospects, it seems evident that innovation and valorization are on the rise as well. However, an increasing body of literature shows that innovation is stagnating, which may be detrimental to the exploitation of the benefits of probiotics, for example the development of alternative therapies to manage the increasing prevalence of metabolic and autoimmune disorders. To this end, this study investigated global clinical trials that have been executed since the year 2000 as a first indicator of the status of probiotic valorization. The cumulative number of clinical trials has indeed increased significantly from 0 at the start of the century up to 2,517 registered trials in 2023. However, in Asia, Europe, and North America, the continents with the highest numbers of clinical trials, stagnating or declining trends have been found. In these locations, most clinical trials were funded by non-industry sponsors and targeting probiotic supplements or undefined products. Considering the overall stagnation in clinical trials and viewing these trends in the context of developments in local markets and regulations, the global valorization of probiotics appears to slow down. This could impact the transition from academic research to the development of products that are beneficial and accessible for consumers, either to maintain a healthy lifestyle or to treat medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cato Wiegers
- Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Maiese K. Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK. Cells 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37998330 PMCID: PMC10670256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world and are insidious in onset, chronic in nature, and yield significant disability and death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, and pharmacological options may delay disability but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia and degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges are the onset of aging disorders associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, and oxidative stress generation that lead to multi-system dysfunction. These significant hurdles point to the urgent need to address underlying disease mechanisms with innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways with microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) that are dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic pathways with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide, and growth factor applications. Non-coding RNAs, Wnt signaling, and AMPK are cornerstone mechanisms for overseeing complex metabolic pathways that offer innovative treatment avenues for metabolic disease and DM but will necessitate continued appreciation of the ability of each of these cellular mechanisms to independently and in unison influence clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Maiese K. The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273570. [PMID: 38022638 PMCID: PMC10663950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) and neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of metabolic disorders influence the entire body and significantly affect the nervous system impacting greater than one billion people with disability in the peripheral nervous system as well as with cognitive loss, now the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such as DM, and neurologic disease remain a significant challenge for the treatment and care of individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall disease progression. These clinical challenges to address the interplay between metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders warrant innovative strategies that can focus upon the underlying mechanisms of aging-related disorders, oxidative stress, cell senescence, and cell death. Programmed cell death pathways that involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis can play a critical role in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders and oversee processes that include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, and inflammatory cell activation. The silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are novel targets that can oversee programmed cell death pathways tied to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide, apolipoprotein E (APOE), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) exposure with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and trophic factors, such as erythropoietin (EPO). The pathways of programmed cell death, SIRT1, AMPK, and WISP1 offer exciting prospects for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and nervous system function that can be compromised during aging-related disorders and lead to cognitive impairment, but these pathways have dual roles in determining the ultimate fate of cells and organ systems that warrant thoughtful insight into complex autofeedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Innovation and Commercialization, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wang D, Xiao H, Lv X, Chen H, Wei F. Mass Spectrometry Based on Chemical Derivatization Has Brought Novel Discoveries to Lipidomics: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37782560 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2261130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, as one of the most important organic compounds in organisms, are important components of cells and participate in energy storage and signal transduction of living organisms. As a rapidly rising field, lipidomics research involves the identification and quantification of multiple classes of lipid molecules, as well as the structure, function, dynamics, and interactions of lipids in living organisms. Due to its inherent high selectivity and high sensitivity, mass spectrometry (MS) is the "gold standard" analysis technique for small molecules in biological samples. The combination chemical derivatization with MS detection is a unique strategy that could improve MS ionization efficiency, facilitate structure identification and quantitative analysis. Herein, this review discusses derivatization-based MS strategies for lipidomic analysis over the past decade and focuses on all the reported lipid categories, including fatty acids and modified fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterols and saccharolipids. The functional groups of lipids mainly involved in chemical derivatization include the C=C group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, carbonyl group. Furthermore, representative applications of these derivatization-based lipid profiling methods were summarized. Finally, challenges and countermeasures of lipid derivatization are mentioned and highlighted to guide future studies of derivatization-based MS strategy in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaming Xiao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Yamashima T, Seike T, Mochly-Rosen D, Chen CH, Kikuchi M, Mizukoshi E. Implication of the cooking oil-peroxidation product "hydroxynonenal" for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1211141. [PMID: 37693644 PMCID: PMC10486274 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that reduces cell injuries via detoxification of lipid-peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hydroxynonenal). It is generated exogenously via deep-frying of linoleic acid-rich cooking oils and/or endogenously via oxidation of fatty acids involved in biomembranes. Although its toxicity for human health is widely accepted, the underlying mechanism long remained unknown. In 1998, Yamashima et al. have formulated the "calpain-cathepsin hypothesis" as a molecular mechanism of ischemic neuronal death. Subsequently, they found that calpain cleaves Hsp70.1 which became vulnerable after the hydroxynonenal-induced carbonylation at the key site Arg469. Since it is the pivotal aberration that induces lysosomal membrane rupture, they suggested that neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease similarly occurs by chronic ischemia via the calpain-cathepsin cascade triggered by hydroxynonenal. For nearly three decades, amyloid β (Aβ) peptide was thought to be a root substance of Alzheimer's disease. However, because of both the insignificant correlations between Aβ depositions and occurrence of neuronal death or dementia, and the negative results of anti-Aβ medicines tested so far in the patients with Alzheimer's disease, the strength of the "amyloid cascade hypothesis" has been weakened. Recent works have suggested that hydroxynonenal is a mediator of programmed cell death not only in the brain, but also in the liver, pancreas, heart, etc. Increment of hydroxynonenal was considered an early event in the development of Alzheimer's disease. This review aims at suggesting ways out of the tunnel, focusing on the implication of hydroxynonenal in this disease. Herein, the mechanism of Alzheimer neuronal death is discussed by focusing on Hsp70.1 with a dual function as chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. We suggest that Aβ is not a culprit of Alzheimer's disease, but merely a byproduct of autophagy/lysosomal failure resulting from hydroxynonenal-induced Hsp70.1 disorder. Enhancing ALDH2 activity to detoxify hydroxynonenal emerges as a promising strategy for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Seike T, Chen CH, Mochly-Rosen D. Impact of common ALDH2 inactivating mutation and alcohol consumption on Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223977. [PMID: 37693648 PMCID: PMC10483235 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a central role in alcohol and aldehyde metabolism. A common ALDH2 polymorphism in East Asians descent (called ALDH2*2 or E504K missense variant, SNP ID: rs671), present in approximately 8% of the world's population, has been associated with a variety of diseases. Recent meta-analyses support the relationship between this ALDH2 polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease (AD). And AD-like pathology observed in ALDH2-/- null mice and ALDH2*2 overexpressing transgenic mice indicate that ALDH2 deficiency plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, the worldwide increase in alcohol consumption has drawn attention to the relationship between heavy alcohol consumption and AD. Of potential clinical significance, chronic administration of alcohol in ALDH2*2/*2 knock-in mice exacerbates the pathogenesis of AD-like symptoms. Therefore, ALDH2 polymorphism and alcohol consumption likely play an important role in the onset and progression of AD. Here, we review the data on the relationship between ALDH2 polymorphism, alcohol, and AD, and summarize what is currently known about the role of the common ALDH2 inactivating mutation, ALDH2*2, and alcohol in the onset and progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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13
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Maiese K. Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:871. [PMID: 37508898 PMCID: PMC10376413 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in the nervous system with increased prevalence over the last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss and dementia. Presently, disease modifying therapies can limit the rate of relapse and potentially reduce brain volume loss in patients with MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent disease progression or the onset of cognitive disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas of inflammation, immune cell activation, and cell survival that involve novel pathways of programmed cell death, mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and associated pathways with the apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). These pathways are intertwined at multiple levels and can involve metabolic oversight with cellular metabolism dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Insight into the mechanisms of these pathways can provide new avenues of discovery for the therapeutic treatment of dementia and loss in cognition that occurs during MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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14
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Chen X, Ran J, Mazhar M, Zhu Y, Lin Y, Qin L, Miao S. The balanced unsaturated fatty acid supplement constituted by woody edible oils improved lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203932. [PMID: 37545586 PMCID: PMC10399753 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intervention has demonstrated effectiveness in improving hyperlipidemia and obesity. Woody edible oils are rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) that could positively affect lipid metabolism. In this study, the blended oil (BLO), a balanced UFA supplement, constituted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Chinese Red Pepper) seed oil, walnut (Juglans regia) oil, camellia (Camema oleifera) seed oil and perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil was established referring to the Chinese dietary reference intakes, in which the ratios of monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acids and ω-6/ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were 1:1 and 4:1, respectively. The BLO was administrated to KM mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage every day at a dose of 3.0 mL/kg·bw for 10 weeks to assess its effects on serum lipid levels, liver antioxidant activities and gut microbial composition. The results showed that the BLO improved hepatic steatosis, liver oxidative stress, and serum lipid levels. Additionally, there was an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Blautia, along with a decreased abundance of Staphylococcus in cecal contents. These changes were found to be positively correlated with the metabolic improvements, as indicated by Spearman's correlation analysis. These findings implied the practicality of the balanced unsaturated fatty acid consumption in preventing hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinyang Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingqi Ran
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Mazhar
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yichen Lin
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Likang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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15
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Maiese K. Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System. Biomolecules 2023; 13:816. [PMID: 37238686 PMCID: PMC10216724 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning is the knowledge that metabolic disease is intimately tied to neurodegenerative disorders, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as leading to dementia, the seventh leading cause of death. New and innovative therapeutic strategies that address cellular metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling with erythropoietin (EPO), and risk factors such as the apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can offer valuable insights for the clinical care and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders impacted by cellular metabolic disease. Critical insight into and modulation of these complex pathways are required since mTOR signaling pathways, such as AMPK activation, can improve memory retention in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and DM, promote healthy aging, facilitate clearance of β-amyloid (Aß) and tau in the brain, and control inflammation, but also may lead to cognitive loss and long-COVID syndrome through mechanisms that can include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytokine release, and APOE-ε4 if pathways such as autophagy and other mechanisms of programmed cell death are left unchecked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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16
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Liu Z, Yuan J, Wen P, Guo X, Li K, Wang Y, Liu R, Guo Y, Li D. Effect of Lard or Plus Soybean Oil on Markers of Liver Function in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled-Feeding Trial. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091894. [PMID: 37174432 PMCID: PMC10178189 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans have consumed lard for thousands of years, but in recent decades, it has become much less popular because it is regarded as saturated fat. Animal studies showed that lard plus soybean oil (blend oil) was more advantageous for liver health than using either oil alone. This study aims to assess the effects of blend oil on liver function markers in healthy subjects. The 345 healthy subjects were randomized into 3 isoenergetic diet groups with different edible oils (30 g/day) (soybean oil, lard, and blend oil (50% lard and 50% soybean oil)) for 12 weeks. The reductions in both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were greater in the blend oil group than in the two other groups (p = 0.001 and <0.001 for the interaction between diet group and time, respectively). The reductions in AST and ALT in the blend oil group were more significant compared with those in the soybean oil group (p < 0.001) or lard group (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the other liver function markers between the groups. Thus, blend oil was beneficial for liver function markers such as AST and ALT compared with soybean oil and lard alone, which might help prevent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- No. 2 Department of Nutrition, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Supply Department, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Kelei Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinpeng Wang
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Duo Li
- Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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17
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Yamashima T, Mori Y, Seike T, Ahmed S, Boontem P, Li S, Oikawa S, Kobayashi H, Yamashita T, Kikuchi M, Kaneko S, Mizukoshi E. Vegetable Oil-Peroxidation Product 'Hydroxynonenal' Causes Hepatocyte Injury and Steatosis via Hsp70.1 and BHMT Disorders in the Monkey Liver. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081904. [PMID: 37111122 PMCID: PMC10145254 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70.1 has a dual function as a chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. In 2009, we reported that calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1 causes neuronal death by inducing lysosomal rupture in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of monkeys after transient brain ischemia. Recently, we also reported that consecutive injections of the vegetable oil-peroxidation product 'hydroxynonenal' induce hepatocyte death via a similar cascade in monkeys. As Hsp70.1 is also related to fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, its deficiency causes fat accumulation. The genetic deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) was reported to perturb choline metabolism, inducing a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and resulting in hepatic steatosis. Here, focusing on Hsp70.1 and BHMT disorders, we studied the mechanisms of hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis. Monkey liver tissues with and without hydroxynonenal injections were compared using proteomics, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy-based analyses. Western blotting showed that neither Hsp70.1 nor BHMT were upregulated, but an increased cleavage was observed in both. Proteomics showed a marked downregulation of Hsp70.1, albeit a two-fold increase in the carbonylated BHMT. Hsp70.1 carbonylation was negligible, in contrast to the ischemic hippocampus, which was associated with ~10-fold increments. Although histologically, the control liver showed very little lipid deposition, numerous tiny lipid droplets were seen within and around the degenerating/dying hepatocytes in monkeys after the hydroxynonenal injections. Electron microscopy showed permeabilization/rupture of lysosomal membranes, dissolution of the mitochondria and rough ER membranes, and proliferation of abnormal peroxisomes. It is probable that the disruption of the rough ER caused impaired synthesis of the Hsp70.1 and BHMT proteins, while impairment of the mitochondria and peroxisomes contributed to the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, hydroxynonenal-induced disorders facilitated degeneration and steatosis in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yurie Mori
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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18
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Yamashima T, Seike T, Oikawa S, Kobayashi H, Kido H, Yanagi M, Yamamiya D, Li S, Boontem P, Mizukoshi E. Hsp70.1 carbonylation induces lysosomal cell death for lifestyle-related diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1063632. [PMID: 36819480 PMCID: PMC9936620 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1063632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) constitute increasingly prevalent disorders. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are well-known to be susceptible to Alzheimer's disease. Although the pathogenesis of each disorder is multifactorial and the causal relation remains poorly understood, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced lipid and protein oxidation conceivably plays a common role. Lipid peroxidation product was recently reported to be a key factor also for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, because of inducing hepatocyte degeneration/death. Here, we focus on implication of the representative lipid-peroxidation product 'hydroxynonenal' for the cell degeneration/death of brain, pancreas, and liver. Since Hsp70.1 has dual roles as a chaperone and lysosomal membrane stabilizer, hydroxynonenal-mediated oxidative injury (carbonylation) of Hsp70.1 was highlighted. After intake of high-fat diets, oxidation of free fatty acids in mitochondria generates ROS which enhance oxidation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) involved within biomembranes and generate hydroxynonenal. In addition, hydroxynonenal is generated during cooking deep-fried foods with vegetable oils especially containing linoleic acids. These intrinsic and exogenous hydroxynonenal synergically causes an increase in its serum and organ levels to induce Hsp70.1 oxidation. As it is amphiphilic; being water-soluble but displays strong lipophilic characteristics, hydroxynonenal can diffuse within the cells and react with targets like senile and/or atheromatous plaques outside the cells. Hydroxynonenal can deepen and expand lysosomal injuries by facilitating 'calpain-mediated cleavage of the carbonylated Hsp70.1'. Despite the unique anatomical, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of each organ for its specific disease, there should be a common cascade of the cell degeneration/death which is caused by hydroxynonenal. This review aims to implicate hydroxynonenal-mediated Hsp70.1 carbonylation for lysosomal membrane permeabilization/rupture and the resultant cathepsin leakage for inducing cell degeneration/death. Given the tremendous number of worldwide people suffering various lifestyle-related diseases, it is valuable to consider how ω-6 PUFA-rich vegetable oils is implicated for the organ disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,*Correspondence: Tetsumori Yamashima,
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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19
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Implication of Vegetable Oil-Derived Hydroxynonenal in the Lysosomal Cell Death for Lifestyle-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030609. [PMID: 36771317 PMCID: PMC9921130 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicular structures that mediate degradation and recycling of damaged macromolecules and organelles within the cell. For ensuring the place of degradation within the acidic organelle, the integrity of the lysosomal-limiting membrane is critical in order to not injure the cell. As lysosomes fade away in response to acute intense insults or long-term mild insults, dissolving lysosomes are hardly detected during the phase of cell degeneration. If observed at the right time, however, lysosomal membrane rupture/permeabilization can be detected using an electron microscope. In both the experimental and clinical materials, here the author reviewed electron microphotographs showing disintegrity of the lysosomal-limiting membrane. Regardless of insults, cell types, organs, diseases, or species, leakage of lysosomal content occurred either by the apparent disruption of the lysosomal membrane (rupture) and/or through the ultrastructurally blurred membrane (permeabilization). Since lysosomal rupture occurs in the early phase of necrotic cell death, it is difficult to find vivid lysosomes after the cell death or disease are completed. A lipid peroxidation product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (hydroxynonenal), is incorporated into the serum by the intake of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich vegetable oils (exogenous), and/or is generated by the peroxidation of membrane lipids due to the oxidative stress (intrinsic). Exogenous and intrinsic hydroxynonenal may synergically oxidize the representative cell stress protein Hsp70.1, which has dual functions as a 'chaperone protein' and 'lysosomal stabilizer'. Hydroxynonenal-mediated carbonylation of Hsp70.1 facilitates calpain-mediated cleavage to induce lysosomal membrane rupture and the resultant cell death. Currently, vegetable oils such as soybean and canola oils are the most widely consumed cooking oils at home and in restaurants worldwide. Accordingly, high linoleic acid content may be a major health concern, because cells can become damaged by its major end product, hydroxynonenal. By focusing on dynamic changes of the lysosomal membrane integrity at the ultrastructural level, implications of its rupture/permeabilization on cell death/degeneration were discussed as an etiology of lifestyle-related diseases.
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20
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Gao F, Wang C, Zhang W, Shi B. Effects of oxidized soybean oil on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:830-838. [PMID: 36224721 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oils provide a considerable amount of energy to the swine diet, but they are prone to lipid oxidation if not properly preserved. Consumption of oxidized oils can adversely affect the animal organism and even the offspring. This study investigated the impact of oxidized soybean oil in the diets of sows from 107 days gestation to 21 days of lactation on the performance of sows and jejunum health of suckling piglets. Sixteen sows were randomly allocated into two groups: one group (n = 8) was fed with the fresh soybean oil (FSO) diet, and another group (n = 8) was treated with the oxidized soybean oil (OSO) diet. Dietary oxidized soybean oil does not affect sow performance. Antioxidant enzyme activity in the milk was reduced significantly in the OSO group, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and catalase (CAT) activities (p < 0.05). On Day 21, oxidized soybean oil increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels in sow milk and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 cytokines in plasma (p < 0.05). Suckling piglets from sows fed on OSO showed a trend towards increased IL-6 and TNF-α in plasma (p < 0.1). The mRNA expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) was augmented, whereas interleukin 10 (IL-10) was decreased, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) had a tendency to be down-regulated in OSO treatment. This study revealed that the OSO of feed decreased the antioxidant capacity of milk, further contributing to the inflammatory response in the jejunum of suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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21
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Relation to T2DM from Endocrinology, Neurophysiology, Molecular Biology, and Biochemistry Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1708769. [PMID: 35983003 PMCID: PMC9381199 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1708769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe disease caused by metabolic disorders, particularly carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The disease is a fatal global trouble characterised by high prevalence rates, causing death, blindness, kidney failure, myocardial infarction, amputation of lower limps, and stroke. Biochemical metabolic pathways like glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis are critical pathways that regulate blood glucose levels with the glucokinase (GK) enzyme playing a central role in glucose homeostasis. Any factor that perturbs the aforementioned biochemical pathways is detrimental. Endocrinological, neurophysiological, and molecular biological pathways that are linked to carbohydrate metabolism should be studied, grasped, and manipulated in order to alleviate T2DM global chaos. The challenge, howbeit, is that, since the body is an integration of systems that complement one another, studying one “isolated” system is not very useful. This paper serves to discuss endocrinology, neurophysiology, and molecular biology pathways that are involved in carbohydrate metabolism in relation to T2DM.
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22
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Seike T, Boontem P, Yanagi M, Li S, Kido H, Yamamiya D, Nakagawa H, Okada H, Yamashita T, Harada K, Kikuchi M, Shiraishi Y, Ozaki N, Kaneko S, Yamashima T, Mizukoshi E. Hydroxynonenal Causes Hepatocyte Death by Disrupting Lysosomal Integrity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:925-944. [PMID: 35787976 PMCID: PMC9500440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The lipid oxidation is a key factor for damaging hepatocytes and causing cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying hepatocyte death and the role of the most popular lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. METHODS We demonstrated using hepatoma cell lines, a NASH mouse model, HNE-treated monkeys, and biopsy specimens from patients with NASH that HNE induced hepatocyte death by disintegrating the lysosomal limiting membrane. RESULTS The degree of HNE deposition in human NASH hepatocytes was more severe in cases with high lobular inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis scores, and was associated with enlargement of the staining of lysosomes in hepatocytes. In in vitro experiments, HNE activated μ-calpain via G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 120. The resultant rupture/permeabilization of the lysosomal limiting membrane induced the leakage of cathepsins from lysosomes and hepatocyte death. The blockade of G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) or μ-calpain expression suppressed lysosomal membrane damage and hepatocyte death by HNE. Alda-1, which activates aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 to degrade HNE, prevented HNE-induced hepatocyte death. Intravenous administration of HNE to monkeys for 6 months resulted in hepatocyte death by a mechanism similar to that of cultured cells. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of Alda-1 to choline-deficient, amino-acid defined treated mice for 8 weeks inhibited HNE deposition, decreased liver inflammation, and disrupted lysosomal membranes in hepatocytes, resulting in improvement of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel insights into the mechanism of hepatocyte death in NASH and will contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kido
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hikari Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Shiraishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Tetsumori Yamashima, MD, PhD, Research Fellow, Monkey Project Team Leader, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan. tel: +81-76-265-2230; fax: +81-76-234-4250.
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Eishiro Mizukoshi, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Gastroenterology,
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Zamarbide M, Martinez-Pinilla E, Gil-Bea F, Yanagisawa M, Franco R, Perez-Mediavilla A. Genetic Inactivation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3 Impedes Behavioral Deficits and Pathological Hallmarks in the APP swe Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073533. [PMID: 35408893 PMCID: PMC8999053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The free fatty acid FFA3 receptor (FFA3R) belongs to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In the intestine and adipose tissue, it is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, but its function in the brain is unknown. We aimed, first, to investigate the expression of the receptor in the hippocampus of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients at different stages of the disease and, second, to assess whether genetic inactivation of the Ffar3 gene could affect the phenotypic features of the APPswe mouse model. The expression of transcripts for FFA receptors in postmortem human hippocampal samples and in the hippocampus of wild-type and transgenic mice was analyzed by RT-qPCR. We generated a double transgenic mouse, FFA3R−/−/APPswe, to perform cognition studies and to assess, by immunoblotting Aβ and tau pathologies and the differential expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. For the first time, the occurrence of the FFA3R in the human hippocampus and its overexpression, even in the first stages of AD, was demonstrated. Remarkably, FFA3R−/−/APPswe mice do not have the characteristic memory impairment of 12-month-old APPswe mice. Additionally, this newly generated transgenic line does not develop the most important Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related features, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) brain accumulations and tau hyperphosphorylation. These findings are accompanied by increased levels of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and lower activity of the tau kinases GSK3β and Cdk5. We conclude that the brain FFA3R is involved in cognitive processes and that its inactivation prevents AD-like cognitive decline and pathological hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zamarbide
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Martinez-Pinilla
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil-Bea
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Rafael Franco
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute “Carlos III”, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (A.P.-M.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (R.F.); +34-948194700 (ext. 2033) (A.P.-M.)
| | - Alberto Perez-Mediavilla
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (A.P.-M.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (R.F.); +34-948194700 (ext. 2033) (A.P.-M.)
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24
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Wang X, Li Y, Jiang Y, Meng L, Nie Z. In-depth free fatty acids annotation of edible oil by mCPBA epoxidation and tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 374:131793. [PMID: 34915370 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of free fatty acids (FFAs) in edible oils, especially their fine structure, can provide information for nutritional value evaluation and authentication. Here, a strategy based on epoxidation reaction by mCPBA combined with tandem MS was developed to identify and relatively quantify FFAs, including CC location isomers, which can rapidly distinguish different edible oils. Notably, low-abundant FFAs can be detected directly in the presence of high-abundant triacylglycerol (TAG) without complicated pretreatment. We identified a series of CC location isomers via mCPBA-nanoESI-MS/MS, among them, FA 24:1 (Δ13) and FA 24:1 (Δ17) were first identified in edible oils, and the predominant UFAs was FA 18:1 (Δ9), which occupies 98.35% of FA 18:1 in peanut oil while 89.68% in rapeseed oil. The results demonstrated that the proposed method could provide further in-depth CC positional information of oils, promoting the development of structural determination of fatty acids in food chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuze Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuming Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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25
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Xie Y, Tian H, Xiang B, Li D, Liu J, Cai Z, Liu Y, Xiang H. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese Han adults: a secondary analysis based on a case-control study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:451. [PMID: 34847883 PMCID: PMC8638208 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have revealed obesity, nutrition, lifestyle, genetic and epigenetic factors may be risk factors for the occurrence and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the effect of total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption on the risk of NAFLD is uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the total PUFA intake is independently associated with the risk of NAFLD and explore the threshold of PUFA intake better illustrate the correlation between them in Chinese Han adults. Methods The present study was a retrospective case–control study. A total of 534 NAFLD patients and 534 controls matched by gender and age in the same center were included in this study. Using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in a health examination center in China to collect information about dietary intake and calculate nutrient consumption. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between total PUFA daily intake and its quartile and the incidence of NAFLD. Results Multivariate analyses suggested a significant association between total PUFA intake and the occurrence of NAFLD. A non-linear relationship between total PUFA consumption and NAFLD risk was detected after adjusting for potential confounding factors. There was a significant connection between PUFA and the risk of NAFLD (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.23–1.41, P < 0.0001) when PUFA intake is between 18.8 and 29.3 g/day. Conclusions The relationship between total PUFA intake and NAFLD is non-linear. Total PUFA was positively related to the risk of NAFLD when PUFA intake is between 18.8 and 29.3 g/day among Chinese Han adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Huan Tian
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Ding Li
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhuoyan Cai
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Institute of Clinical Interventional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, 410005, China.
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26
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Boontem P, Yamashima T. Hydroxynonenal causes Langerhans cell degeneration in the pancreas of Japanese macaque monkeys. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245702. [PMID: 34748564 PMCID: PMC8575276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For their functions of insulin biosynthesis and glucose- and fatty acid- mediated insulin secretion, Langerhans β-cells require an intracellular milieu rich in oxygen. This requirement makes β-cells, with their constitutively low antioxidative defense, susceptible to the oxidative stress. Although much progress has been made in identifying its molecular basis in experimental systems, whether the oxidative stress due to excessive fatty acids plays a crucial role in the Langerhans cell degeneration in primates is still debated. Methods Focusing on Hsp70.1, which has dual functions as molecular chaperone and lysosomal stabilizer, the mechanism of lipotoxicity to Langerhans cells was studied using macaque monkeys after the consecutive injections of the lipid peroxidation product ‘hydroxynonenal’. Based on the ‘calpain-cathepsin hypothesis’ formulated in 1998, calpain activation, Hsp70.1 cleavage, and lysosomal integrity were studied by immunofluorescence histochemistry, electron microscopy, and Western blotting. Results Light microscopy showed more abundant vacuole formation in the hydroxynonenal-treated islet cells than the control cells. Electron microscopy showed that vacuolar changes, which were identified as enlarged rough ER, occurred mainly in β-cells followed by δ-cells. Intriguingly, both cell types showed a marked decrease in insulin and somatostatin granules. Furthermore, they exhibited marked increases in peroxisomes, autophagosomes/autolysosomes, lysosomal and peroxisomal membrane rupture/permeabilization, and mitochondrial degeneration. Disrupted peroxisomes were often localized in the close vicinity of degenerating mitochondria or autolysosomes. Immunofluorescence histochemical analysis showed an increased co-localization of activated μ-calpain and Hsp70.1 with the extralysosomal release of cathepsin B. Western blotting showed increases in μ-calpain activation, Hsp70.1 cleavage, and expression of the hydroxynonenal receptor GPR109A. Conclusions Taken together, these data implicate hydroxynonenal in both oxidation of Hsp70.1 and activation of μ-calpain. The calpain-mediated cleavage of the carbonylated Hsp70.1, may cause lysosomal membrane rupture/permeabilization. The low defense of primate Langerhans cells against hydroxynonenal and peroxisomally-generated hydrogen peroxide, was presumably overwhelmed to facilitate cell degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tetsumori Yamashima
- Departments of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa, Japan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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27
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Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean diet and blood lipid profiles in less-developed ethnic minority regions. Br J Nutr 2021; 128:1137-1146. [PMID: 34605387 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Different from developed countries, there is a paucity of research examining how the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean diets relate to lipids in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMR). A total of 83 081 participants from seven ethnic groups were retrieved from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study, which was conducted in less-developed Southwest China between May 2018 and September 2019. Multivariable linear regression models were then used to examine the associations of the DASH and alternative Mediterranean diet (AMED) scores, assessed by modified DASH score and AMED, as well as their components with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and TC/HDL-cholesterol. The DASH scores were negatively associated with TC, HDL-cholesterol and TAG. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest DASH scores, TC decreased 0·0708 (95 % CI -0·0923, -0·0493) mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0380 (95 % CI -0·0462, -0·0299) mmol/l and TAG decreased 0·0668 (95 % CI -0·0994, -0·0341) mmol/l. The AMED scores were negatively associated with TC, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest AMED scores, TC decreased 0·0816 (95 % CI -0·1035, -0·0597) mmol/l, LDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0297 (95 % CI -0·0477, -0·0118) mmol/l and HDL-cholesterol decreased 0·0275 (95 % CI -0·0358, -0·0192) mmol/l. Although both the DASH diet and the Mediterranean diet were negatively associated with blood lipids, those associations showed different patterns in LEMR, particularly for TAG and HDL-cholesterol.
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Maiese K. Neurodegeneration, memory loss, and dementia: the impact of biological clocks and circadian rhythm. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2021; 26:614-627. [PMID: 34590471 PMCID: PMC8756734 DOI: 10.52586/4971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Dementia and cognitive loss impact a significant proportion of the global population and present almost insurmountable challenges for treatment since they stem from multifactorial etiologies. Innovative avenues for treatment are highly warranted. Methods and results: Novel work with biological clock genes that oversee circadian rhythm may meet this critical need by focusing upon the pathways of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), the growth factor erythropoietin (EPO), and the wingless Wnt pathway. These pathways are complex in nature, intimately associated with autophagy that can maintain circadian rhythm, and have an intricate relationship that can lead to beneficial outcomes that may offer neuroprotection, metabolic homeostasis, and prevention of cognitive loss. However, biological clocks and alterations in circadian rhythm also have the potential to lead to devastating effects involving tumorigenesis in conjunction with pathways involving Wnt that oversee angiogenesis and stem cell proliferation. Conclusions: Current work with biological clocks and circadian rhythm pathways provide exciting possibilities for the treating dementia and cognitive loss, but also provide powerful arguments to further comprehend the intimate and complex relationship among these pathways to fully potentiate desired clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Maiese K. Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1002. [PMID: 34356626 PMCID: PMC8301848 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders affect fifteen percent of the world's population and pose a significant financial burden to all nations. Cognitive impairment is the seventh leading cause of death throughout the globe. Given the enormous challenges to treat cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, and the inability to markedly limit disease progression, circadian clock gene pathways offer an exciting strategy to address cognitive loss. Alterations in circadian clock genes can result in age-related motor deficits, affect treatment regimens with neurodegenerative disorders, and lead to the onset and progression of dementia. Interestingly, circadian pathways hold an intricate relationship with autophagy, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), and the trophic factor erythropoietin. Autophagy induction is necessary to maintain circadian rhythm homeostasis and limit cortical neurodegenerative disease, but requires a fine balance in biological activity to foster proper circadian clock gene regulation that is intimately dependent upon mTOR, SIRT1, FoxOs, and growth factor expression. Circadian rhythm mechanisms offer innovative prospects for the development of new avenues to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of cognitive loss and forge ahead with new therapeutics for dementia that can offer effective clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:134-149. [PMID: 33397266 PMCID: PMC8254823 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999210104220334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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31
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide: Oversight of Metabolic Dysfunction Through SIRT1, mTOR, and Clock Genes. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 17:765-783. [PMID: 33183203 PMCID: PMC7914159 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999201111195232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders that include diabetes mellitus present significant challenges for maintaining the welfare of the global population. Metabolic diseases impact all systems of the body and despite current therapies that offer some protection through tight serum glucose control, ultimately such treatments cannot block the progression of disability and death realized with metabolic disorders. As a result, novel therapeutic avenues are critical for further development to address these concerns. An innovative strategy involves the vitamin nicotinamide and the pathways associated with the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and clock genes. Nicotinamide maintains an intimate relationship with these pathways to oversee metabolic disease and improve glucose utilization, limit mitochondrial dysfunction, block oxidative stress, potentially function as antiviral therapy, and foster cellular survival through mechanisms involving autophagy. However, the pathways of nicotinamide, SIRT1, mTOR, AMPK, and clock genes are complex and involve feedback pathways as well as trophic factors such as erythropoietin that require a careful balance to ensure metabolic homeostasis. Future work is warranted to gain additional insight into these vital pathways that can oversee both normal metabolic physiology and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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