1
|
Borries C, Lodwick JL, Salmi R, Koenig A. Phenotypic Plasticity Rather Than Ecological Risk Aversion or Folivory Can Explain Variation in Gorilla Life History. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.873557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
2
|
Moran NP, Sánchez‐Tójar A, Schielzeth H, Reinhold K. Poor nutritional condition promotes high‐risk behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:269-288. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Moran
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
- Centre for Ocean Life DTU‐Aqua Technical University of Denmark Building 201, Kemitorvet Kgs. Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | | | - Holger Schielzeth
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich Schiller University Jena Dornburger Straße 159 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhold
- Evolutionary Biology Bielefeld University Morgenbreede 45 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Young JW, Hyde A, German R. Ontogeny of intrinsic digit proportions in laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus): a test of the grasping theory of primate hand and foot growth. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research Focus Area, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Alexander Hyde
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca German
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Rootstown, OH, USA
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research Focus Area, NEOMED, Rootstown, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Young JW, Heard-Booth AN. Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifronsandSapajus apella). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:104-15. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology; Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED); Rootstown Ohio 44272
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research Focus Area, NEOMED; Rootstown Ohio 44272
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Kent State University; Kent Ohio 44240
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ganzhorn JU, Arrigo-Nelson SJ, Carrai V, Chalise MK, Donati G, Droescher I, Eppley TM, Irwin MT, Koch F, Koenig A, Kowalewski MM, Mowry CB, Patel ER, Pichon C, Ralison J, Reisdorff C, Simmen B, Stalenberg E, Starrs D, Terboven J, Wright PC, Foley WJ. The importance of protein in leaf selection of folivorous primates. Am J Primatol 2016; 79:1-13. [PMID: 27094926 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein limitation has been considered a key factor in hypotheses on the evolution of life history and animal communities, suggesting that animals should prioritize protein in their food choice. This contrasts with the limited support that food selection studies have provided for such a priority in nonhuman primates, particularly for folivores. Here, we suggest that this discrepancy can be resolved if folivores only need to select for high protein leaves when average protein concentration in the habitat is low. To test the prediction, we applied meta-analyses to analyze published and unpublished results of food selection for protein and fiber concentrations from 24 studies (some with multiple species) of folivorous primates. To counter potential methodological flaws, we differentiated between methods analyzing total nitrogen and soluble protein concentrations. We used a meta-analysis to test for the effect of protein on food selection by primates and found a significant effect of soluble protein concentrations, but a non-significant effect for total nitrogen. Furthermore, selection for soluble protein was reinforced in forests where protein was less available. Selection for low fiber content was significant but unrelated to the fiber concentrations in representative leaf samples of a given forest. There was no relationship (either negative or positive) between the concentration of protein and fiber in the food or in representative samples of leaves. Overall our study suggests that protein selection is influenced by the protein availability in the environment, explaining the sometimes contradictory results in previous studies on protein selection. Am. J. Primatol. 79:e22550, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joerg U Ganzhorn
- Animal Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Summer J Arrigo-Nelson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, California University of Pennsylvania, California, Pennsylvania
| | - Valentina Carrai
- Department of Biology, Zoology and Anthropology Unit, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mukesh K Chalise
- Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Giuseppe Donati
- Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, OX3 0BP, Oxford, UK
| | - Iris Droescher
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timothy M Eppley
- Animal Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mitchell T Irwin
- Department of Anthropology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois
| | - Flávia Koch
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, and Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Martin M Kowalewski
- Estación Biológica Corrientes, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales BR, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | | | | | - Claire Pichon
- Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, CNRS/MNHN, UMR 7206, Brunoy, France
| | - Jose Ralison
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar (GERP), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Bruno Simmen
- Département Hommes, Natures, Sociétés, CNRS/MNHN, UMR 7206, Brunoy, France
| | - Eleanor Stalenberg
- Research School of Biology: Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Danswell Starrs
- Research School of Biology: Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Juana Terboven
- Animal Ecology and Conservation, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia C Wright
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, and Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - William J Foley
- Research School of Biology: Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Borries C, Gordon AD, Koenig A. Beware of primate life history data: a plea for data standards and a repository. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67200. [PMID: 23826232 PMCID: PMC3691336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history variables such as the age at first reproduction and the interval between consecutive births are measures of investment in growth and reproduction in a particular population or species. As such they allow for meaningful comparisons of the speed of growth and reproduction between species and between larger taxa. Especially in primates such life history research has far reaching implications and has led for instance to the "grandmother hypothesis". Other links have been proposed with respect to dietary adaptations: Because protein is essential for growth and one of the primary sources of protein, leaves, occurs much less seasonally than fruits, it has been predicted that folivorous primates should grow faster compared to frugivorous ones. However, when comparing folivorous Asian colobines with frugivorous Asian macaques we recently documented a longer, instead of a shorter gestation length in folivores while age at first reproduction and interbirth interval did not differ. This supports earlier findings for Malagasy lemurs in which all life history variables tested were significantly longer in folivores compared to frugivores. Wondering why these trends were not apparent sooner, we tried to reconstruct our results for Asian primates with data from four popular life history compilations. However, this attempt failed; even the basic, allometric relationship with adult female body mass that is typical for life history variables could not be recovered. This negative result hints at severe problems with data quality. Here we show that data quality can be improved significantly by standardizing the variables and by controlling for factors such as nutritional conditions or infant mortality. Ideally, in the future, revised primate life history data should be collated in a central database accessible to everybody. In the long run such an initiative should be expanded to include all mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carola Borries
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Russo GA, Young JW. Tail growth tracks the ontogeny of prehensile tail use in capuchin monkeys (Cebus albifrons and C. apella). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:465-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Ontogeny of muscle mechanical advantage in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Cebus apella ). J Zool (1987) 2005. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836905007521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Ramírez Rozzi FV, González-José R, Pucciarelli HM. Cranial growth in normal and low-protein-fed Saimiri. An environmental heterochrony. J Hum Evol 2005; 49:515-35. [PMID: 16051314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2003] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein malnutrition has a significant and measurable effect on the rate and timing of growth. Heterochrony is generally viewed as the study of evolutionary changes in the relative rates and timing of growth and development. Although changes in growth commonly result from experimental manipulations of diet, nobody has previously attempted to explain such changes from a heterochronic perspective. We use a heterochronic perspective to compare a group of squirrel monkeys fed a low-protein diet to individuals on a high-protein diet, but, in contrast to previous works, we focus particularly on the effects of environmental and not genetic factors. In the present study, Gould's (1977) and Godfrey and Sutherland's (1996) methodologies for studying heterochrony, as well as geometric morphometrics, are used to compare two groups of Saimiri sciureus boliviensis. Two groups of Saimiri were constructed on the basis of the protein content in their diets: a high-protein group (HP) (N=12) and a low-protein group (LP) (N=12). All individuals are males born in captivity. Two major functional components of the skull, the neurocranium and the face, were analysed. Four minor components were studied in each major component. Comparison of craniofacial ontogeny patterns based on major and minor components suggests that changes in the skull of LP animals can be explained by heterochrony. The skull of LP animals exhibits isomorphism produced by proportioned dwarfism. Our results suggest that heterochrony can be environmentally, rather than exclusively genetically, induced. The study of genetic assimilation (Waddington, 1953, 1956; see Scharloo, 1991; Hallgrimsson et al., 2002) has demonstrated that environmentally induced phenotypes often have a genetic basis, and thus parallel changes can be easily induced genetically. It is possible that proportioned dwarfism is far more common than currently appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando V Ramírez Rozzi
- UPR 2147 Dynamique de l'volution humaine (CNRS), 44, rue de l'Amiral Mouchez, 75014 - Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lammon CA, Hood RD. Effects of protein deficient diets on the developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 71:124-34. [PMID: 15282733 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic, when given by injection to pregnant laboratory animals (mice, rats, hamsters), has been shown to induce malformations. Arsenic methylation may be a detoxification step, and diets deficient in protein are a poor source of methyl donors and may possibly result in impaired arsenic methylation. Human health effects from chronic arsenic exposure have been reported mainly in populations with low socioeconomic status. Individuals in such populations are likely to suffer from malnutrition, which can compromise embryonic/fetal development and diminish arsenic methylating capacity. We sought to determine if dietary protein deficiency affects the developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic. METHODS Mated females were randomly assigned to one of 12 treatment groups. Experimental groups received either AsIII or AsV i.p. on Gestation Day 8 (GD 8, plug=GD 0) and were maintained on a 5%, 10%, or 20% protein custom mixed diet from GD 1 until sacrifice. Controls received the custom diets alone, were given AsIII or AsV i.p. on GD 8 with Teklad LM-485 rodent diet, or were fed the LM-485 diet alone. Test females were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for mortality and developmental defects. RESULTS Arsenic plus dietary protein deficiency decreased maternal weight gain and increased the incidences of exencephaly, ablepharia, and skeletal defects, such as malformed vertebral centra, fused ribs, and abnormal sternebrae (bipartite, rudimentary, or unossified). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that dietary protein deficiency enhances the developmental toxicity of inorganic arsenic, possibly by impairment of arsenic methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Lammon
- Capstone College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mathangi DC, Namasivayam A. Effect of chronic protein restriction on motor co-ordination and brain neurotransmitters in albino rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2001; 39:1039-43. [PMID: 11524142 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the motor co-ordination in Wistar strain albino rats that were maintained on a protein-restricted diet for a period of 1 year immediately after the weaning period, by substituting 75% of the normal diet with a carbohydrate-rich diet deficient in protein, for a period of 1 year immediately after the weaning period. This type of chronic protein restriction caused disturbances in motor co-ordination. It also caused a significant reduction in the basal levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin along with their metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) and 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5HIAA) and precursor L-dopa in the corpus striatum and cerebellum. Changes in these neurotransmitters could have caused altered co-ordination in the protein-restricted animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D C Mathangi
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, (DU), Madras 600 116, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Reichling TD, German RZ. Bones, muscles and visceral organs of protein-malnourished rats (Rattus norvegicus) grow more slowly but for longer durations to reach normal final size. J Nutr 2000; 130:2326-32. [PMID: 10958831 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.9.2326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting at weaning (22 d), Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet high in protein (CT, 24% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPT, 4% protein) to determine how protein malnutrition alters the rate and timing of limb bone growth. Length and width measurements were taken from longitudinal radiographs to provide complete growth trajectories of both treatments. Data collection continued until rats reached adult size, which varied among diet-sex groups. The rats were then killed and five muscles and eight organs were weighed. A nonlinear Gompertz model was then fit to each trajectory for 13 skeletal measurements, producing parameters that described the rate and timing of growth for each rat, the unit of analysis. Parameter differences due to diet, sex and litter were tested by using a mixed-model, three-way ANOVA. For most measurements, the LPT rats were not significantly smaller than the CT rats, for the model's prediction of final size. Bone length was significantly less affected than width. The instantaneous initial growth rate, maximum rate of growth and rate of growth decay were significantly higher in the control rats for all measurements. The rats fed the low protein diet grew for significantly longer periods of time. For all muscles and most organs relative to body size, there was no difference between rats fed the two diets. The exceptions, eyes and brains, were proportionally larger in the LPT rats, suggesting that these organs receive nutritional priority during growth. For the systems in this study, structures that grow or have the potential for extended growth are less affected by the nutritional insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Reichling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miller JP, German RZ. Protein malnutrition affects the growth trajectories of the craniofacial skeleton in rats. J Nutr 1999; 129:2061-9. [PMID: 10539785 DOI: 10.1093/jn/129.11.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of protein malnutrition on a normal growth trajectory, we radiographed Rattus norvegicus from 22 d (weaning) and continuing past adult size. We took measurements from longitudinal radiographs of rats fed a control diet and littermates fed an isocaloric low protein experimental diet. A Gompertz model was fit to each individual rat for body weight and 22 measurements of the craniofacial skeleton, producing parameters that described the rate and timing of growth. We tested for differences in these parameters due to diet, sex and litter with a mixed-model three-way ANOVA. Allometric analysis examined the scaling relationships between and within various regions of the skull. For most measurements, final sizes predicted by the model were not significantly different between rats fed the two diets, although the differences in final measurements showed small, but significant differences in growth between rats in the two diet groups. The instantaneous initial rate of growth, maximum rate of growth and deceleration of growth were significantly higher in the control rats for every measurement. Rats fed the low protein diet grew for a significantly longer period of time. The shape of the neurocranium was relatively conserved between diet groups; however, rats fed the low protein diet had shorter and relatively wider skulls than the controls. These results suggest that functional demands of the viscerocranium were greater after birth, and that growth in this area was faster. The viscerocranium reached functional adult proportions earlier and was therefore more susceptible to epigenetic perturbations such as dietary protein level. Protein malnutrition did not affect many aspects of adult size, but strongly altered the growth trajectory to achieve that size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0006, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|