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Pei Q, Song Y, Huang Z, Yu H, Xu H, Ye X, Gao L, Gong J, Tian X. Effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on body fat: a retrospective case‒control study in Chinese transwomen. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:146. [PMID: 38760846 PMCID: PMC11100057 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is insufficient research on how gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) affects body fat modifications in transwomen from China. It is unclear whether hormone therapy affects the prevalence of obesity and blood lipid levels within this population. The current research aimed to assess how GAHT and treatment duration had an impact on the change in and redistribution of body fat in Chinese transwomen. METHODS This study included 40 transwomen who had not received GAHT and 59 who had. Body fat, blood lipid, and blood glucose levels were measured. GAHT is mainly a pharmacologic (estrogen and anti-androgen) treatment. The study also stratified participants based on the duration of GAHT to assess its impact on body fat distribution. The duration of GAHT was within one year, one to two years, two to three years, or more than three years. RESULTS After receiving GAHT, total body fat increased by 19.65%, and the percentage of body fat increased by 17.63%. The arm, corrected leg, and leg regions showed significant increases in fat content (+ 24.02%, + 50.69%, and + 41.47%, respectively) and percentage (+ 25.19%, + 34.90%, and + 30.39%, respectively). The total visceral fat content decreased (-37.49%). Based on the diagnostic standards for a body mass index ≥ 28 or total body fat percentage ≥ 25% or 30%, the chance of developing obesity did not change significantly. Blood glucose levels significantly increased (+ 12.31%). Total cholesterol levels (-10.45%) decreased significantly. Fat changes in those who received GAHT for one to two years were significantly different from those who did not receive GAHT. CONCLUSION After receiving GAHT, total body fat and regional fat increased in Chinese transwomen, and the body fat distribution changed from masculine to feminine, especially during the first two years. However, neither the increase in total body fat percentage nor the decrease in visceral fat content didn't bring about significant changes in the incidence of obesity, nor did triglycerides or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pei
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongkun Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xunda Ye
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvfen Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
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Chang CY, Lenchik L, Blankemeier L, Chaudhari AS, Boutin RD. Biomarkers of Body Composition. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2024; 28:78-91. [PMID: 38330972 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The importance and impact of imaging biomarkers has been increasing over the past few decades. We review the relevant clinical and imaging terminology needed to understand the clinical and research applications of body composition. Imaging biomarkers of bone, muscle, and fat tissues obtained with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Y Chang
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leon Lenchik
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Louis Blankemeier
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Akshay S Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology and of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Robert D Boutin
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Lu T, Kan J, He X, Zou J, Sheng D, Xue Y, Wang Y, Xu L. Gastric Submucosal Fat Accumulation Is Associated with Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obesity. Obes Surg 2024; 34:534-541. [PMID: 38191965 PMCID: PMC10811089 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ectopic fat accumulation plays a significant role in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and few studies have reported an association between ectopic gastric fat and metabolic risk factors. We aim to fulfill this need by assessing the degree of gastric submucosal fat accumulation in pathologic sections of 190 sleeve gastrectomy specimens. METHODS Study patients were divided into two groups (D1 and D2) based on whether fat accumulation exceeded 1/3 of the submucosa of the stomach. Demographic and metabolic risk factors were compared between the two groups. Metabolic risk variables that might be associated with the degree of fat accumulation were screened in the original cohort. After balancing for possible confounders, the robustness of the correlations was assessed using binary and conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS All study patients had fat accumulation in the submucosa of the stomach. C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), and insulin resistance (IR) were higher in the D2 group than in the D1 group in the original cohort (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and IR may be associated with increased fat accumulation. After balancing variables other than obesity indicators and IR using propensity score matching, BMI and IR remained significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05). Further analysis of the matched cohort using two logistic regression analyses showed that IR was an independent risk factor for increased fat accumulation. CONCLUSION This study indicated that gastric submucosal fat accumulation was prevalent in patients with obesity and was associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianxun Kan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jialai Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dandan Sheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yating Xue
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiang Jia Yuan Road, Nanjing, 210011, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Luengo-Pérez LM, Fernández-Bueso M, Ambrojo A, Guijarro M, Ferreira AC, Pereira-da-Silva L, Moreira-Rosário A, Faria A, Calhau C, Daly A, MacDonald A, Rocha JC. Body Composition Evaluation and Clinical Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Patients with Phenylketonuria. Nutrients 2023; 15:5133. [PMID: 38140392 PMCID: PMC10745907 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) may be at increased cardiovascular risk. This review provides an overview of clinical and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, explores the connections between body composition (including fat mass and ectopic fat) and cardiovascular risk, and examines various methods for evaluating body composition. It particularly focuses on nutritional ultrasound, given its emerging availability and practical utility in clinical settings. Possible causes of increased cardiometabolic risk in PKU are also explored, including an increased intake of carbohydrates, chronic exposure to amino acids, and characteristics of microbiota. It is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in patients with PKU. We suggest systematic monitoring of body composition to develop nutritional management and hydration strategies to optimize performance within the limits of nutritional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Luengo-Pérez
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Extremadura, 06008 Badajoz, Spain
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Mercedes Fernández-Bueso
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Ambrojo
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Guijarro
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Badajoz University Hospital, 06008 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-B.); (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
| | - Luís Pereira-da-Silva
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
| | - André Moreira-Rosário
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Faria
- CHRC—Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nutrition Group, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal; (L.P.-d.-S.); (A.F.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anne Daly
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK; (A.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Reference Centre of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.C.F.); or (J.C.R.)
- NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.-R.); (C.C.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Nutrition and Metabolism, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Han C, Zhou C, Zhang H, Yin P, Guo R, Wang W, Zhang Y, Cha T, Li G, Hai Y. Evaluation of bone mineral density in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using a three-dimensional finite element model: a retrospective study. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:938. [PMID: 38062436 PMCID: PMC10701929 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is often accompanied by osteopenia and osteoporosis, which can cause serious complications. The aim of this study was to determine the specific bone mineral density (BMD) of each vertebral body in patients with AIS using biomechanical finite element modeling based on three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction. METHODS This retrospective study involved 56 patients with AIS. Computed tomography (CT) and radiography were performed. Spinal vertebrae were segmented from the spinal CT images of patients with AIS to reconstruct 3D vertebral models. The vertebral models were meshed into tetrahedral finite elements to assess the BMD. RESULTS The mean main curve Cobb angle was 88.6 ± 36.7°, and the mean kyphosis angle was 36.8 ± 31.5°. The mean BMD of the global spine was 0.83 ± 0.15 g/cm2. The highest BMD was measured on the concave side of the apex (0.98 ± 0.16 g/cm2). Apical vertebral BMD was negatively correlated with age and height (r = - 0.490, p = 0.009 and r = - 0.478, p = 0.043, respectively). There were no significant differences in BMD values between the concave and convex sides (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The 3D finite element modeling of BMD in patients with AIS is a reliable and accurate BMD measurement method. Using this method, the overall BMD of patients with AIS was shown to gradually decrease from the top to the bottom of the spine. Our findings provide valuable insights for surgical planning, choice of screw trajectories, and additional biomechanical analyzes using finite element models in the context of scoliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Han
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaochao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Runsheng Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Thomas Cha
- Orthopaedic Spine Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Guoan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bioengineering Research Center, NewtonWellesley Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Newton, USA
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Cheng E, Caan BJ, Cawthon PM, Evans WJ, Hellerstein MK, Shankaran M, Campbell KL, Binder AM, Sternfeld B, Meyerhardt JA, Schmitz KH, Cespedes Feliciano EM. D3-creatine dilution, computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessing myopenia and physical function in colon cancer: A cross-sectional study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2768-2778. [PMID: 37899757 PMCID: PMC10751410 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low skeletal muscle mass (myopenia) is common in cancer populations and is associated with functional decline and mortality, but prior oncology studies did not assess total body skeletal muscle mass. Instead, they measured surrogates such as cross-sectional area (CSA) of skeletal muscle at L3 from computed tomography (CT) or appendicular lean mass (ALM) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution is a non-invasive method to assess total body skeletal muscle mass, which has been examined in a variety of populations but not in cancer. To compare the associations of D3Cr muscle mass, CT CSA, and DXA ALM with myopenia and physical function, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 119 patients with colon cancer (2018-2022). METHODS For each technique (D3Cr, CT and DXA), myopenia was defined as the lowest sex-specific quartile of its measurement. Physical function was measured by the short physical performance battery and grip strength. We calculated Pearson correlations (r) among three techniques, computed Cohen's kappa coefficients (κ) to assess the agreement of myopenia, and estimated Pearson correlations (r) of three techniques with physical function. All analyses were sex-specific. RESULTS Sixty-one (51.3%) participants were male, the mean (standard deviation) age was 56.6 (12.9) years, and most (68.9%) had high physical function (short physical performance battery: ≥11 points). Correlations and myopenia agreement among three techniques were greater in men than women; for example, regarding D3Cr muscle mass versus CT CSA, r was 0.73 (P < 0.001) for men versus 0.45 (P < 0.001) for women, and κ was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.99) for men versus 0.24 (95% CI: -0.08, 0.52) for women. Among men, higher D3Cr muscle mass was significantly correlated with faster gait speed (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and stronger grip strength (r = 0.32, P < 0.05); similar correlations were observed for CT CSA and DXA ALM. However, among women, no measure of muscle or lean mass was significantly associated with physical function. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study using D3-creatine dilution method to assess muscle mass in a cancer population. Regardless of the techniques used for muscle or lean mass assessment, we observed stronger correlations, greater myopenia agreement, and more significant associations with physical function in men with colon cancer than women. D3Cr, CT and DXA are not interchangeable methods for assessing myopenia and physical function, especially in women with colon cancer. Future studies should consider relative advantages of these techniques and examine the D3-creatine dilution method in other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bette J. Caan
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- San Francisco Coordinating CenterCalifornia Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - William J. Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and ToxicologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Division of GeriatricsDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Marc K. Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and ToxicologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and ToxicologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristin L. Campbell
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Alexandra M. Binder
- Population Sciences in the Pacific ProgramUniversity of Hawaii Cancer CenterHonoluluHawaiiUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Kathryn H. Schmitz
- Division of Hematology and OncologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Gu Y, Otake Y, Uemura K, Soufi M, Takao M, Talbot H, Okada S, Sugano N, Sato Y. Bone mineral density estimation from a plain X-ray image by learning decomposition into projections of bone-segmented computed tomography. Med Image Anal 2023; 90:102970. [PMID: 37774535 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone disease that causes fractures in fragile bones, leading to a decline in daily living activities. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) are highly accurate for diagnosing osteoporosis; however, these modalities require special equipment and scan protocols. To frequently monitor bone health, low-cost, low-dose, and ubiquitously available diagnostic methods are highly anticipated. In this study, we aim to perform bone mineral density (BMD) estimation from a plain X-ray image for opportunistic screening, which is potentially useful for early diagnosis. Existing methods have used multi-stage approaches consisting of extraction of the region of interest and simple regression to estimate BMD, which require a large amount of training data. Therefore, we propose an efficient method that learns decomposition into projections of bone-segmented QCT for BMD estimation under limited datasets. The proposed method achieved high accuracy in BMD estimation, where Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.880 and 0.920 were observed for DXA-measured BMD and QCT-measured BMD estimation tasks, respectively, and the root mean square of the coefficient of variation values were 3.27 to 3.79% for four measurements with different poses. Furthermore, we conducted extensive validation experiments, including multi-pose, uncalibrated-CT, and compression experiments toward actual application in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France.
| | - Yoshito Otake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Uemura
- Department of Orthopeadic Medical Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mazen Soufi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hugues Talbot
- CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Gif-sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Sugano
- Department of Orthopeadic Medical Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
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Tanaka M, Kanayama M, Oha F, Shimamura Y, Tsujimoto T, Hasegawa Y, Hashimoto T, Nojiri H, Ishijima M. Potential of whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to predict muscle size of psoas major, gluteus maximus and back muscles. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:917. [PMID: 38012671 PMCID: PMC10680309 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of trunk muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) using axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered clinically meaningful for understanding several spinal pathologies, such as low back pain and spinal sagittal imbalance. However, it remains unclear whether trunk muscle mass (TMM) measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can predict the trunk muscle CSA. The aim of this study is to determine if DXA-derived TMM is associated and predicts with CSA of paraspinal muscles and gluteus maximus measured using MRI in healthy volunteers. METHODS A total of 48 healthy volunteers underwent whole-body DXA and MRI of the spinopelvic region. The CSA of the psoas major, back muscles, and gluteus maximus were measured on axial MRI. Correlations and linear regressions between the TMM measured using DXA and the CSA of each musculature were investigated. RESULTS There was a weak correlation between TMM and CSA of the psoas major in men (r = 0.39, P = 0.0678), and the linear regression was y = 301.74x - 401.24 (R2 = 0.2976, P = 0.0070). A moderate correlation was found in women (r = 0.58, P = 0.0021), and the linear regression was y = 230.21x - 695.29 (R2 = 0.4445, P = 0.0003). Moderate correlations were observed between TMM and CSA of the back muscles in both men (r = 0.63, P = 0.0012) and women (r = 0.63, P = 0.0007), the linear regression was y = 468.52x + 3688.5 (R2 = 0.5505, P < 0.0001) in men and y = 477.39x + 2364.1 (R2 = 0.564, P < 0.0001) in women. There was a strong correlation between TMM and CSA of the gluteus maximus in men (r = 0.72, P < 0.0001), and the linear regression was y = 252.69x - 880.5 (R2 = 0.6906, P < 0.0001). A moderate correlation was found in women (r = 0.69, P < 0.0001), and the linear regression was y = 230.74x - 231.32 (R2 = 0.6542, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The DXA-derived TMM was able to predict the CSA of the psoas major, back muscles, and gluteus maximus, and significantly correlated with the CSA of the back muscles and gluteus maximus. It might be a safer and cheaper alternative for evaluating the size of the back muscles and gluteus maximus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan.
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-29-4F, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Kanayama
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Oha
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Shimamura
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan
| | - Takeru Tsujimoto
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hasegawa
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hashimoto
- Spine Center, Hakodate Central General Hospital, Hon-cho 33-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 040-8585, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nojiri
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-29-4F, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-29-4F, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0034, Japan
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9
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Dichtel LE, Corey KE, Haines MS, Chicote ML, Lee H, Kimball A, Colling C, Simon TG, Long MT, Husseini J, Bredella MA, Miller KK. Growth Hormone Administration Improves Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1542-e1550. [PMID: 37379033 PMCID: PMC10655511 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Overweight and obesity are associated with relative growth hormone (GH) deficiency, which has been implicated in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a progressive disease without effective treatments. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that GH administration would reduce hepatic steatosis in individuals with overweight/obesity and NAFLD. METHODS In this 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of low-dose GH administration, 53 adults aged 18 to 65 years with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and NAFLD without diabetes were randomized to daily subcutaneous GH or placebo, targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to the upper normal quartile. The primary endpoint was intrahepatic lipid content (IHL) by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) assessed before treatment and at 6 months. RESULTS Subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment group (27 GH; 26 placebo), with 41 completers (20 GH and 21 placebo) at 6 months. Reduction in absolute % IHL by 1H-MRS was significantly greater in the GH vs placebo group (mean ± SD: -5.2 ± 10.5% vs 3.8 ± 6.9%; P = .009), resulting in a net mean treatment effect of -8.9% (95% CI, -14.5 to -3.3%). All side effects were similar between groups, except for non-clinically significant lower extremity edema, which was more frequent in the GH vs placebo group (21% vs 0%, P = .02). There were no study discontinuations due to worsening of glycemic status, and there were no significant differences in change in glycemic measures or insulin resistance between the GH and placebo groups. CONCLUSION GH administration reduces hepatic steatosis in adults with overweight/obesity and NAFLD without worsening glycemic measures. The GH/IGF-1 axis may lead to future therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Dichtel
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Melanie S Haines
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark L Chicote
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hang Lee
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Allison Kimball
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caitlin Colling
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tracey G Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michelle T Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jad Husseini
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Potter AW, Looney DP, Tharion WJ, Nindl LJ, Pazmino A, Soto LD, Arcidiacono DM, Friedl KE. Physical performance and body composition reference values for modern US Marine Corps women. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2023; 6:234-242. [PMID: 38618530 PMCID: PMC11009549 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2023-000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Women's roles in the US military have progressively changed over the past several decades. Previously women were barred from combat roles. Recent change in policy allow women into combat roles in the Marine Corps, and this has led to women being trained for combat specialties. Objectives This observational cross-sectional study describes body composition and performance values for modern Marine Corps women. Methods Volunteers were 736 Marine women who were assessed for body composition and physical performance; (age 29.5±7.3 (18-56) years; height 163.6±6.8 (131.0-186.1) cm; body mass 68.3±9.2 (42.0-105.3) kg; years in the military 8.9±6.8 (0.5-37) years-in-service). Body composition measures were obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyses. Performance measures were obtained from official physical and combat fitness test scores (PFT; CFT) as well as from data on measured countermovement jumps (CMJ) on a calibrated force platform. Results Mean body composition metrics for Marine women were: 47.5±5.7 fat free mass (FFM) (kg), 30.1%±6.4% body fat (%BF), 2.6±0.3 bone mineral content (kg), and 25.5±2.8 body mass index (kg/m2); performance metrics included 43.4±3.2 maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; mL.kg.min), 22.4±7.1 CMJ height (cm) and 2575±565.2 CMJ peak power (W). Data showed strong correlations (r) (≥0.70) between PFT and VO2max scores (0.75), and moderate correlations (≥0.50) between CFT and VO2max scores (0.57), CFT and PFT scores (0.60), FFM and CMJ peak power (W) (0.68), and %BF to VO2max (-0.52), PFT (-0.54), CMJ-Ht (-0.52) and CMJ relative power (W/kg) (-0.54). Conclusion Modern Marine women are both lean and physically high performing. Body composition is a poor predictor of general physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Potter
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David P Looney
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William J Tharion
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lyndsey J Nindl
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angie Pazmino
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lara D Soto
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle M Arcidiacono
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karl E Friedl
- Office of the Senior Scientist, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Ohara K, Nakamura H, Kouda K, Fujita Y, Mase T, Momoi K, Nishiyama T. Similarities and discrepancies between commercially available bioelectrical impedance analysis system and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for body composition assessment in 10-14-year-old children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17420. [PMID: 37833453 PMCID: PMC10576075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of easy-to-use commercial bioelectrical impedance appliances are available. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of a commercially available body composition meter using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) by comparing its measurement results with those obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The participants were 443 children aged from 10 to 14 years (226 boys and 217 girls). Fat mass, fat-free mass, lean body mass, percentage of body fat, and bone mineral contents were evaluated for all participants using BIA and DXA. The agreement in the anthropometric data obtained from both devices was analyzed using correlation analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), Bland-Altman plots, and ordinary least products regression analysis. Equivalence between both devices was tested by two one-sided t-test. All measured indicators showed strong linear correlations between the two measurement systems (r, 0.853-1.000). Fat mass, fat-free mass, and lean body mass showed absolute concordance (ICC, 0.902-0.972; Lin's CCC, 0.902-0.972). BIA overestimated bone mineral content (62.7-66.5%) and underestimated percentage of body fat (- 8.9 to - 0.8%), lean body mass (- 3.5 to - 1.8%), and body mass (- 0.8 to - 0.5%). For fat mass and fat-free mass, the overestimate or underestimate varied according to the sex and statistical analysis test. Bland-Altman analysis and ordinary least products analysis showed fixed bias and proportional bias in all indicators. Results according to quartiles of body mass index showed poor agreement for fat mass and percentage of body fat in both boys and girls in the lowest body mass index quartile. The present results revealed strong linear correlations between BIA and DXA, which confirmed the validity of the present single-frequency BIA-derived parameters. Our results suggest that BIA cannot provide the exact same values as DXA for some body composition parameters, but that performance is sufficient for longitudinal use within an individual for daily health management and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Ohara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Harunobu Nakamura
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Center for Medical Education, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Oono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoki Mase
- Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Imagumanokitahiyoshi-cho, Higashiyama, Kyoto, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Momoi
- Faculty of Human Development and Education, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Imagumanokitahiyoshi-cho, Higashiyama, Kyoto, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
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12
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Kramer AM, Martins JB, de Oliveira PC, Lehnen AM, Waclawovsky G. High-intensity interval training is not superior to continuous aerobic training in reducing body fat: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:385-394. [PMID: 37927356 PMCID: PMC10624584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Guidelines on obesity management reinforce regular exercise to reduce body fat. Exercise modalities, including high-intensity interval training (HIIT), appear to produce a similar effect to continuous aerobic training (CAT) on body fat. However, they have not addressed the chronic effect of HIIT vs. CAT on body fat assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Thus, we compared the effectiveness of CAT vs. HIIT protocols on body fat (absolute or relative) (%BF) and abdominal visceral fat reduction, assessed by DEXA, in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including both female or male adults with excess body weight. We performed searches in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Scopus, LILACS, Web of Science and Cochrane. Results In our analysis (11 RCTs), we found no greater benefit on %BF of HIIT vs. CAT (MD -0.55%, 95% CI -1.42 to 0.31; p = 0.209). As for abdominal visceral fat, no training modality was superior (SMD: -0.05, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.19; p = 0.997). Regarding secondary outcomes (body weight, BMI, VO2 max, glycemic and lipid profiles), HIIT shows greater benefit than CAT in increasing VO2 max and fasting blood glucose and reducing total cholesterol. Conclusion HIIT is not superior to CAT in reducing %BF or abdominal visceral fat in individuals characterized by excess weight. However, HIIT showed beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose when compared to CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marenco Kramer
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jocelito Bijoldo Martins
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Machado Lehnen
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Cuestas E, Hillman M, Galetto S, Gaido MI, Sobh V, Damico LT, Rizzotti A. Inflammation induces stunting by lowering bone mass via GH/IGF-1 inhibition in very preterm infants. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1136-1144. [PMID: 36941338 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained systemic inflammatory response (SIR) was associated with poor postnatal growth in very preterm infants (VPI). We hypothesize that VPI with sustained SIR will exhibit linear growth retardation related to lower bone mass accrual mediated by GH/IGF-1 axis inhibition at term corrected age (CA). METHODS C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, anthropometric, nutritional, neonatal and maternal data were collected prospectively in 23 infants <32 weeks gestational age. Body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at term CA. Analysis was undertaken with multiple linear regression models. RESULTS At term CA 11 infants with sustained SIR compared with 12 infants without sustained SIR present significantly lower IGF-1, length z-score (LZS), bone mineral content (BMC) and lean mass (LM), and higher GH and fat mass (FM). LZS was associated significantly with PCT, BMC with IGF-1, FM and LM with CRP, GH with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and CRP, and IGF-1 with invasive mechanical ventilation, CRP and PCT. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the known effect on linear growth failure, sustained SIR induces lower bone mass accrual related to higher GH and lower IGF-1 levels in VPI. IMPACT Very preterm infants (VPI) with sustained systemic inflammatory response (SIR) compared with VPI without SIR present stunting, lower bone mass, higher GH and lower IGF-1 levels at term corrected age. SIR may help to explain the influence of non-nutritional factors on growth and body composition in VPI. SIR induces postnatal stunting related to lower bone mass accrual via GH/IGF-1 axis inhibition in VPI. VPI with SIR need special attention to minimize inflammatory stress, which could result in improved postnatal growth. Research on inflammatory-endocrine interactions involved in the pathophysiology of postnatal stunting is needed as a basis for new interventional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cuestas
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Macarena Hillman
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia Galetto
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Gaido
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Viviana Sobh
- Department of Radiology, Instituto Conci-Carpinella, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Alina Rizzotti
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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14
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Sidiqi A, Fariha F, Shanta SS, Dasiewicz A, Mahmud AA, Moore DR, Shankaran M, Hellerstein MK, Evans WJ, Gernand AD, Islam MM, Abrams SA, Harrington J, Nyangau E, Roth DE, O'Callaghan KM. Estimation of skeletal muscle mass in 4-year-old children using the D 3-creatine dilution method. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1195-1202. [PMID: 37037953 PMCID: PMC10444613 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given limited experience in applying the creatine-(methyl-D3) (D3Cr) dilution method to measure skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in young children, the feasibility of deployment in a fielding setting and performance of the method was assessed in a cohort of 4-year-old children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS Following D3Cr oral dose (10 mg) administration, single fasting urine samples were collected at 2-4 days (n = 100). Twenty-four-hour post-dose collections and serial spot urine samples on days 2, 3 and 4 were obtained in a subset of participants (n = 10). Urinary creatine, creatinine, D3Cr and D3-creatinine enrichment were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and grip strength was measured by a hand-held dynamometer. RESULTS SMM was measured successfully in 91% of participants, and there were no adverse events. Mean ± SD SMM was greater than ALM (4.5 ± 0.4 and 3.2 ± 0.6 kg, respectively). Precision of SMM was low (intraclass correlation = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.75; n = 10). Grip strength was not associated with SMM in multivariable analysis (0.004 kg per 100 g of SMM; 95% CI: -0.031, 0.038; n = 91). CONCLUSIONS The D3Cr dilution method was feasible in a community setting. However, high within-child variability in SMM estimates suggests the need for further optimization of this approach. IMPACT The D3-creatine (D3Cr) stable isotope dilution method was considered a feasible method for the estimation of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in young children in a community setting and was well accepted among participants. SMM was weakly associated with both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived values of appendicular lean mass and grip strength. High within-child variability in estimated values of SMM suggests that further optimization of the D3Cr stable isotope dilution method is required prior to implementation in community research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Sidiqi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Farzana Fariha
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaila S Shanta
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Alison Dasiewicz
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel R Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mahalakshmi Shankaran
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alison D Gernand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M Munirul Islam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Steven A Abrams
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Harrington
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Health Network and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edna Nyangau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Roth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen M O'Callaghan
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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15
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Foulis SA, Friedl KE, Spiering BA, Walker LA, Guerriere KI, Pecorelli VP, Zeppetelli DJ, Reynoso MC, Taylor KM, Hughes JM. Body composition changes during 8 weeks of military training are not accurately captured by circumference-based assessments. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1183836. [PMID: 37351259 PMCID: PMC10282178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1183836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1981, the US military adopted body fat standards to promote physical readiness and prevent obesity. Separate circumference-based equations were developed for women and men. Both predictive equations were known to underestimate %BF. However, it was not known how well these abdominal circumference-based methods tracked changes in %BF. This study examined the validity of the circumference-based %BF equations for assessing changes in %BF in young adult recruits during Army Basic Combat Training (BCT). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and circumference-based measures of %BF were obtained in women (n = 481) and men (n = 926) at the start (pre-BCT) and end (post-BCT) of 8 weeks of BCT. Repeated-measure ANOVAs were used to assess differences between DXA and circumference pre-BCT and for the change during BCT. Pre-BCT, circumferences underestimated %BF relative to DXA, with mean errors of -6.0% ± 4.4% for women and -6.0% ± 3.5% for men (both p < 0.01), and no difference between sexes was observed (p = 0.77). DXA detected a -4.0% ± 2.4% and -3.3% ± 2.8% change in %BF for women and men in response to BCT, respectively (both p < 0.01), whereas circumference estimates of %BF indicated a 0.0% ± 3.3% (p = 0.86) change in women and a -2.2% ± 3.3% (p < 0.01) change in men (sex difference by technique p < 0.01). In conclusion, circumference-based measures underestimated %BF at the start of BCT in both sexes as compared to DXA. Circumference measures underestimated changes in %BF during BCT in men and did not detect changes in women. These findings suggest that circumference-based %BF metrics may not be an appropriate tool to track changes in body composition during short duration training.
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16
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Czeck MA, Juckett WT, Roelofs EJ, Dengel DR. Total and regional dual X-ray absorptiometry derived four-compartment model. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 55:185-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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17
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Looney DP, Potter AW, Arcidiacono DM, Santee WR, Friedl KE. Body surface area equations for physically active men and women. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23823. [PMID: 36285812 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve predictive formulae for estimating body surface area (BSA) in healthy men and women using a modern three-dimensional scanner technology. METHODS Body surface areas were obtained from a convenience sample of 1267 US Marines (464 women and 803 men) using a whole body surface scanner (Size Stream SS20). The reliability of SS20 measures of total and regional BSA within participants was compared across triplicate scans. We then derived a series of formulae to estimate SS20-measured BSA using various combinations of sex, height, and mass. We also assessed relationships between percent body fat measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and sex-specific formulae errors in Marines. RESULTS Body surface areas recorded by the SS20 were highly reliable whether measured for the total body or by region (ICC ≥ .962). Formulae estimates of BSA from sex, height, and mass were precise (root-mean-square deviation, 0.031 m2 ). Errors from the Marine Corps formulae were positively associated with percent body fat for men (p = .001) but not women (p = .843). CONCLUSIONS Clinicians, military leaders, and researchers can use the newly developed BSA formulae for precise estimates in healthy physically active men and women. Users should be aware that height- and mass-based BSA estimates are less accurate for individuals with extremely low or high percent body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Looney
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam W Potter
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, USARIEM, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Danielle M Arcidiacono
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - William R Santee
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl E Friedl
- Office of the Senior Scientist, USARIEM, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Martins CA, Ferreira JRS, Cattafesta M, Neto ETDS, Rocha JLM, Salaroli LB. Cut points of the conicity index as an indicator of abdominal obesity in individuals undergoing hemodialysis: An analysis of latent classes. Nutrition 2023; 106:111890. [PMID: 36459843 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abdominal obesity favors the involvement of cardiometabolic complications in renal patients on hemodialysis. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify the cut-points of the conicity index in individuals undergoing hemodialysis. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 953 individuals undergoing hemodialysis in clinics in a metropolitan region of southeastern Brazil. The conicity index was calculated using the following mathematical equation: waist circumference/0.109 × √weight/height. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated from the analysis of latent classes by cross-validation through a latent variable of abdominal obesity. This latent variable was defined using the response pattern of the observed anthropometric variables considering the presence and absence of abdominal obesity: waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and body shape index. The cut-points identified were elucidated by the area under the curve (AUC), Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS The cut-points for the conicity index found for both sexes were similar, resulting in a cut-point for men of 1.275 (AUC, 0.921; Youden index, 0.666), with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 83.6%, and a cut-point for women of 1.285 (AUC, 0.921; Youden index, 0.679), with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.6% and 89.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The conicity index showed high discriminatory power for the identification of abdominal obesity in hemodialysis patients, therefore it can be a simple and easily accessible tool to be incorporated into clinical practice in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleodice Alves Martins
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Júlia Rabelo Santos Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Monica Cattafesta
- Graduate Program in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Luiz Marques Rocha
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Graduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Graduate Program in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil.
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Dai L, Huang XY, Lu YQ, Liu YY, Song CY, Zhang JW, Li J, Zhang Y, Shan Y, Shi Y. Defining reference values for body composition indices by magnetic resonance imaging in UK Biobank. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:992-1002. [PMID: 36717370 PMCID: PMC10067500 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for evaluating body composition. However, the reference ranges have not been established. METHODS Three lean tissue and seven adipose tissue parameters based on MRI data from the UK Biobank were used in this study. Participants with European ancestry and data on at least one parameter were screened. Age- and sex-specific percentile curves were generated using the lambda-mu-sigma method. Three levels of reference ranges were provided, which were equivalent to the mean ± 1 standard deviation (SD), 2 SDs and 2.5 SDs. RESULTS The final analysis set for each parameter ranged from 4842 to 14 148 participants (53.4%-56.6% women) with a median age of 61. For lean tissue parameters, compared with those at age 45, the median total lean tissue volume and total thigh fat-free muscle volume at age 70 were 2.83 and 1.73 L, and 3.02 and 1.51 L lower in men and women, respectively. The median weight-to-muscle ratios at age 45 were 0.51 and 0.83 kg/L lower compared with those at age 70 in men and women, respectively. Adipose tissue parameters showed inconsistent differences. In men, the median muscle fat infiltration, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, total abdominal adipose tissue index and abdominal fat ratio were 1.48%, 0.32 L, 0.08 L/m2 and 0.4 higher, and the median abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (ASAT) volume and total adipose tissue volume were 0.47 and 0.41 L lower, respectively, at age 70 than at age 45. The median total trunk fat volume was approximately 9.53 L at all ages. In women, the median muscle fat infiltration and VAT volume were 1.68% and 0.76 L higher, respectively, at age 70 than at age 45. The median ASAT volume, total adipose tissue volume, total trunk fat volume, total abdominal adipose tissue index and abdominal fat ratio were 0.35 L, 0.78 L, 1.12 L, 0.49 L/m2 and 0.06 higher, respectively, at age 60 than at age 45. The medians of the former three parameters were 0.33 L, 0.14 L and 0.20 L lower, at age 70 than at age 60. The medians of the latter two parameters were approximately 3.64 L/m2 and 0.55 at ages between 60 and 70. CONCLUSIONS We have established reference ranges for MRI-measured body composition parameters in a large community-dwelling population. These findings provide a more accurate assessment of abnormal adipose and muscle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dai
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Huang
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Yu-Yang Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-Ying Song
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Wen Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Shan
- Clinical Research Academy, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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20
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Germain N, Genteuil CD, Belleton G, Da Silva TL, Exbrayat C, Degas F, Hammour A, Gay A, Ravey B, Massoubre C, Galusca B. Continuous glucose monitoring assessment in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa reveals chronic prolonged mild hypoglycemia all over the nycthemeron. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 31:402-412. [PMID: 36541517 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterised by voluntary dietary restriction leading to severe undernutrition. Hypoglycaemia is mostly described through severe case reports and is always evaluated by fasting or post-meal blood glucose, showing nothing about hypoglycaemia's length or duration. The interest of continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM), largely used in diabetes mellitus, has never been evaluated in AN patients. METHOD Glycaemia cycles in AN patients were assessed using CGM over 5 days and then analysed according to food intake. RESULTS Mean glycaemia was within normal range. 91% of the patients presented with at least one episode with glycaemia under 70 mg/dl. Within the 24 h, the percentage of time spent with a glycaemia under 70 mg/dl was of 20.82 ± 3.90% with a maximum of 52%. We found 2.52 ± 0.33 hypoglycaemia events per 24 h, including 21.11 ± 3.76% at night. CGM parameters correlated with cortisol and IGF1 plasma levels. Comparison with estimated carbohydrate intakes discriminated concordant and non-concordant estimations depending on patient. CONCLUSIONS AN patients display chronic prolonged mild hypoglycaemia all over the nycthemeron despite normal fasting glycaemia. Associated adaptive increased counter-regulatory hormones might protect AN patients from deeper hypoglycaemia. CGM allowed testing food intake self-estimation reliability of AN patients and could be a very useful biofeedback tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Germain
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Clara Devin Genteuil
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Gwenaëlle Belleton
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Trecy Lopes Da Silva
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Chloé Exbrayat
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Fabien Degas
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Amira Hammour
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Aurélia Gay
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Baptiste Ravey
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Catherine Massoubre
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism and Eating Disorders University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- TAPE Research Group Jean Monnet University of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
- Eating Disorder Reference Center University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne Saint‐Etienne France
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Götherström G, Johannsson G, Svensson J. Effects of 18 months of GH replacement on cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life in GH deficient adults; a randomized controlled trial using a fixed very low and a standard dose of GH. Growth Horm IGF Res 2022; 67:101510. [PMID: 36240610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2022.101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known of the effects of a fixed very low dose of growth hormone (GH) replacement on cardiovascular risk factors, bone mass, muscle strength and quality of life (QoL) in hypopituitary patients. DESIGN/PATIENTS/METHODS This was an open-label randomized study performed at a single center. Consecutive hypopituitary patients with adult onset GH deficiency (GHD) and BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 were randomized to receive a very low fixed dose of GH (LG, n = 9) or a standard dose of GH (SG, n = 9). Body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), muscle strength, and QoL were measured at baseline and after 6, 12 and 18 months. RESULTS The fixed GH dose in LG was 0.1 mg/day. In SG, the mean baseline GH dose of 0.13 mg/day was gradually increased to 0.31 mg/day at study end. Lean body mass (LBM) as measured using DEXA as well as total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were increased only in SG (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01 vs. LG, respectively). There were no between-groups differences in BMD, BMC, insulin sensitivity, lipids, or muscle strength. Finally, although not significant compared with SG, a sustained improvement in QoL was seen in LG according to the QoL-AGHDA questionnaire. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, a fixed very low GH dose improved QoL in GHD adults without any induction of fluid retention. Other effects were comparable to those produced by the standard GH dose. Replacement with a very low GH dose could therefore be a treatment option in hypopituitary patients, especially in patients who do not tolerate higher GH dosage. Trial registration This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, EU-nr 2009-016783-37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Götherström
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE- 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE- 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and Region Västra Götaland, Department of Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE- 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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Czeck MA, Roelofs EJ, Juckett WT, Dengel DR. Dual X-ray absorptiometry-derived total and regional body volume. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 52:100-104. [PMID: 36513440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been used to determine total body volume, using DXA to determine regional (i.e., arm and leg) volumes needs further assessment. Thus, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the validity of total and regional DXA-derived body volume compared to a traditional method for measuring body volume. METHODS A total of 30 males and females (Age: 25.9 ± 4.0 yrs; Height: 1.75 ± 0.10 m; Weight: 70.98 ± 14.02 kg) underwent one whole body DXA scan, underwater weighing, and regional measures of volume via water displacement. Manually created DXA region of interest boxes were used to determine regional DXA body composition. Total body volume was calculated by taking the participant's dry weight and dividing it by the average density from underwater weighing. Linear regression models with body volume from underwater weighing for total body volume and water displacement for regional volume as the dependent variable and DXA lean mass, fat mass, and bone mass as independent variables created total and regional DXA-derived body volume. T-tests assessed DXA-derived body volume to the traditional method of body volume assessment. Regression models were cross-validated using the Repeated k-fold Cross Validation method. RESULTS DXA-derived total body volume was not significantly (p = 0.999) different from total body volume measured via total body water displacement. In addition, both arm and leg regional DXA-derived volume was not significantly different (p = 0.999) compared to regional volume measured by regional water displacement. Cross-validation of each model produced R2 values of 0.992, 0.923, and 0.932 for total body, arm, and leg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The DXA may be used as valid method for estimating total and regional body volume. Thus, these results expand the DXA's capabilities and potentially allow for a convenient regional four-compartment model with DXA-derived regional volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A Czeck
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Erica J Roelofs
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - William T Juckett
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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23
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Potter AW, Soto LD, Friedl KE. Body composition of extreme performers in the US Marine Corps. BMJ Mil Health 2022:e002189. [PMID: 36323456 DOI: 10.1136/military-2022-002189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The creation of highly muscled and strong fighters is a recurring theme in human performance enhancement concepts. Physical readiness standards, intended to prevent obesity in the military, produce contradictory objectives, hounding large individuals to lose weight because of confusion between body size and body composition. Through selection, specialised training and policy exceptions the US Marine Corps has successfully developed a unique group of large (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2) and strong individuals, the body bearers (BB) who carry coffins of Marines to their final resting place. METHODS We examined the relationship between adiposity and body size from nine male BB (age 25.0±2.1, height: 1.84±0.04 (1.80-1.92) m, BMI: 33.0±2.1 (30-37) kg/m2). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and tape measured abdominal circumference (AC)-based equations and from three-dimensional scanning (3DS). RESULTS Measures were made of fat-free mass (FFM): 90.5±7.0 (82.0-106.7) kg, where FFM included total body water: 62.8±5.0 (55.8-71.8) L, representing 69±2 (67-73) % of FFM, along with calculated FFM index: 26.8±2.4 (24.4-32.9) kg/m2). DXA measures were made for bone mineral content 4.1±0.4 (3.5-4.9) kg, bone mineral density (BMD) 1.56±0.10 (1.37-1.76) g/cm2 and %BF 19.5±6.6 (9.0-27.8). Additional measures of percent body fat (%BF) were made by AC: 20.3±2.9 (15.2-24.6), BIA: 23.7±6.4 (9.8-29.2) and 3DS: 25.5±4.7 (18.9-32.2). AC %BF reasonably matched DXA %BF, with expected overprediction and underprediction at low and high DXA %BF. BIA %BF was affected by deviations from assumed FFM hydration (72%-73%). CONCLUSION These men are classified as obese by BMI but carried massive amounts of muscle and bone on their large frames, while presenting a range of %BF irrelevant to strength performance. BMI did not predict obesity and adiposity had no association with muscle mass and strength performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Potter
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L D Soto
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Human Performance Branch, Training and Education Command, US Marine Corps, Quantico, VA, USA
| | - K E Friedl
- Office of the Senior Scientist, US Army Research Institute Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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24
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Wronski ML, Plessow F, Kerem L, Asanza E, O'Donoghue ML, Stanford FC, Bredella MA, Torriani M, Soukas AA, Kheterpal A, Eddy KT, Holmes TM, Deckersbach T, Vangel M, Holsen LM, Lawson EA. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 8-week intranasal oxytocin administration in adults with obesity: Rationale, study design, and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 122:106909. [PMID: 36087842 PMCID: PMC10329413 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects more than one-third of adults in the U.S., and effective treatment options are urgently needed. Oxytocin administration induces weight loss in animal models of obesity via effects on caloric intake, energy expenditure, and fat metabolism. We study intranasal oxytocin, an investigational drug shown to reduce caloric intake in humans, as a potential novel treatment for obesity. METHODS We report the rationale, design, methods, and biostatistical analysis plan of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intranasal oxytocin for weight loss (primary endpoint) in adults with obesity. Participants (aged 18-45 years) were randomly allocated (1:1) to oxytocin (four times daily over eight weeks) versus placebo. Randomization was stratified by biological sex and BMI (30 to <35, 35 to <40, ≥40 kg/m2). We investigate the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of oxytocin administration in reducing body weight. Secondary endpoints include changes in resting energy expenditure, body composition, caloric intake, metabolic profile, and brain activation via functional magnetic resonance imaging in response to food images and during an impulse control task. Safety and tolerability (e.g., review of adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiogram, comprehensive metabolic panel) are assessed throughout the study and six weeks after treatment completion. RESULTS Sixty-one male and female participants aged 18-45 years were randomized (mean age 34 years, mean BMI 37 kg/m2). The study sample is diverse with 38% identifying as non-White and 20% Hispanic. CONCLUSION Investigating intranasal oxytocin's efficacy, safety, and mechanisms as an anti-obesity medication will advance the search for optimal treatment strategies for obesity and its associated severe sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louis Wronski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Plessow
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liya Kerem
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elisa Asanza
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L O'Donoghue
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatima C Stanford
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Torriani
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander A Soukas
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arvin Kheterpal
- Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara M Holmes
- Translational and Clinical Research Centers, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Diploma Hochschule/University of Applied Sciences, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Germany
| | - Mark Vangel
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Stinson EJ, Travis KT, Magerowski G, Alonso-Alonso M, Krakoff J, Gluck ME. Improved food Go/No-Go scores after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to prefrontal cortex in a randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2005-2013. [PMID: 36052819 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity and inhibitory control may contribute to obesity. The study objective was to assess effects of repeated transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on food Go/No-Go (GNG), food Stroop performance, and snack food intake. METHODS Twenty-nine individuals with obesity (12 male; mean [SD], age 42 [11] years; BMI 39 [8]) participated in a combined inpatient/outpatient randomized parallel-design trial and received 15 sessions of anodal or sham tDCS to the left dlPFC. Food-related inhibitory control (GNG), attentional bias (Stroop), and snack food intake were assessed at baseline, completion of inpatient sessions (day 7), and follow-up (day 31). RESULTS GNG performance improved in the anodal group by day 31, compared with sham (p = 0.01), but Stroop scores did not differ by intervention. Greater snack food intake was associated with lower GNG scores (p = 0.01), driven by the sham group (p < 0.001) and higher food and palatable bias scores on the Stroop (all p = 0.02) across both groups. Changes on tasks were not associated with changes in intake. CONCLUSIONS Anodal tDCS to the left dlPFC improved performance on a food-related inhibitory control task, providing evidence of potential for therapeutic benefit of neuromodulation in areas controlling executive function. Results showed that tDCS to the dlPFC reduced snack food intake and hunger; however, underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Katherine T Travis
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Greta Magerowski
- Laboratory of Bariatric and Nutritional Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Laboratory of Bariatric and Nutritional Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marci E Gluck
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Yook JS, Kim DY, Choi DH, Ha MS, Hwang YY. Effectiveness of Pilates Training on Body Composition and Isokinetic Muscular Strength in Adolescent Baseball Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12085. [PMID: 36231384 PMCID: PMC9566218 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Body composition and muscular strength are important for baseball skills and successful performance. Conditioning training programs have the potential to enhance athletic performance via physiological changes. In this single-group interventional study, we investigated the effect of 8 weeks of Pilates training (PT) on contralateral and regional body composition, and isokinetic muscular strength in knee and trunk flexion/extension in adolescent baseball players. In our results, PT increased both right- and left-sided lean mass in the trunk. Following PT, work per repetition and average power showed significant increases in the flexion and extension of the left knee only. PT significantly decreased the peak torque of the trunk flexor and increased the average power of the trunk extensor. In addition, the ratio of the trunk flexion/extension strength of peak torque showed a decreasing trend, whereas that of work and average power did not change significantly following PT. In conclusion, PT evenly improved lean mass on both the right and left sides of the body. Knee and trunk strength increased after PT. Our findings suggest that PT may be a useful strategy for enhancing athletic performance in regard to the muscular strength of adolescent baseball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Soo Yook
- Brain Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Da Yoon Kim
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dong Hun Choi
- Department of Sport Medicine, Konyang University, 121 Daehak-ro, Chungcheongnam-do, Nonsan-si 32992, Korea
| | - Min-Seong Ha
- Department of Sports Culture, College of the Arts, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Hwang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjae-daero, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05541, Korea
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Smoot BJ, Mastick J, Shepherd J, Paul SM, Kober KM, Cooper BA, Conley YP, Dixit N, Hammer MJ, Fu MR, Abrams G, Miaskowski C. Use of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry to Assess Soft Tissue Composition in Breast Cancer Survivors With and Without Lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol 2022; 20:391-397. [PMID: 34793255 PMCID: PMC9422781 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2021.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients with lymphedema (LE), in addition to hand dominance, between-group comparisons of interlimb soft tissue differences need to account for differences in whole-body adiposity, measured directly by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or indirectly by body mass index. No study has evaluated the effects of hand dominance and whole-body adiposity on limb composition in patients with LE. This study's purpose was to compare soft tissue composition of affected and unaffected limbs of women with breast cancer, who did and did not have LE, controlling for dominance and percent body fat. Methods and Results: Whole-body DXA scans were acquired and included measures of percent body fat, upper limb total mass, upper limb fat mass, and upper limb fat-free mass. Participants were classified into one of three groups: women without LE; women with only subjective LE; and women with objective signs of LE at the time of assessment. Differences among the LE groups were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square analyses. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to control for percent body fat and for the affected limb dominance. Compared to women without LE, women with objective signs of LE have greater total limb mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass in their affected limbs, independent of affected side dominance and percent body fat. In addition, the interlimb differences in total mass, fat mass, and fat-free mass were greater for the women with objective signs of LE, compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: DXA is useful in identifying soft tissue changes in patients with LE. Given that limb circumferences measure only changes in limb volume and that bioimpedance provides estimates of extracellular fluid, DXA has the advantage of being able to estimate the volumes of specific tissues in the limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J. Smoot
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judy Mastick
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Shepherd
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Steven M. Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kord M. Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bruce A. Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvette P. Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Niharika Dixit
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Mei R. Fu
- School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Abrams
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Decrausaz S, Shirley MK, Stock JT, Williams JE, Fewtrell MS, Clark CA, Arthurs OJ, Wells JCK. Evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry compared to magnetic resonance imaging for collecting measurements of the human bony pelvis. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23753. [PMID: 35460113 PMCID: PMC9541267 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Imaging methods to measure the human pelvis in vivo provide opportunities to better understand pelvic variation and adaptation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution images, but is more expensive than dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We sought to compare pelvic breadth measurements collected from the same individuals using both methods, to investigate if there are systematic differences in pelvic measurement between these imaging methods. METHODS Three pelvic breadth dimensions (bi-iliac breadth, bi-acetabular breadth, medio-lateral inlet breadth) were collected from MRI and DXA scans of a cross-sectional sample of healthy, nulliparous adult women of South Asian ancestry (n = 63). Measurements of MRI and DXA pelvic dimensions were collected four times in total, with one baseline data collection session and three replications. Data collected from these sessions were averaged, used to calculate technical error of measurement and entered into a Bland-Altman analysis. Linear regression models were fitted with a given MRI pelvic measurement regressed on the same measurement collected from DXA scans, as well as MRI mean bias regressed on DXA mean bias. RESULTS Technical error of measurement was higher in DXA measurements of bi-iliac breadth and medio-lateral pelvic inlet breadth and higher for MRI measurements of bi-acetabular breadth. Bland Altman analyses showed no statistically significant relationship between the mean bias of MRI and DXA, and the differences between MRI and DXA pelvic measurements. CONCLUSIONS DXA measurements of pelvic breadth are comparable to MRI measurements of pelvic breadth. DXA is a less costly imaging technique than MRI and can be used to collect measurements of skeletal elements in living people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah‐Louise Decrausaz
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Department of AnthropologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaCanada
| | - Meghan K. Shirley
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK,Division of GI, Hepatology and NutritionThe Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jay T. Stock
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Department of AnthropologyWestern UniversityLondonCanada,Department of ArchaeologyMax Planck Centre for the Science of Human HistoryJenaGermany
| | - Jane E. Williams
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Mary S. Fewtrell
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Chris A. Clark
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Owen J. Arthurs
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
| | - Jonathan C. K. Wells
- Population, Policy, and Practice Research and Teaching DepartmentChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUK
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Effects of Two Short-Term Aerobic Exercises on Cognitive Function in Healthy Older Adults during COVID-19 Confinement in Japan: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106202. [PMID: 35627740 PMCID: PMC9140575 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise improves executive function-which tends to decline with age-and dual-task training with aerobic exercise improves the global cognitive function. However, home-based older adults could not follow these programs due to social isolation during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Therefore, we conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial with 88 healthy older adults without dementia or sarcopenia who were randomly assigned into the Nordic walking (aerobic exercise), dance (dual-task training with aerobic exercise), or control group. The participants in both exercise intervention groups trained for 30 min, three times per week, for 4 weeks. All groups consumed amino acid-containing foods three times per week. We found that both exercise intervention groups showed improvements in executive function, while the dance group showed additional improvement in global cognitive function. The dance group showed a higher maximum gait speed, greater improvement in imitation ability, and improved executive function and cognitive function than the Nordic walking group. The intervention programs did not significantly affect the muscle mass or muscle output than the control group; however, both programs improved the participant neurological functions such as the heel lift, with dance training being the most effective intervention. In conclusion, dance training effectively improves cognitive function.
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Barone M, Losurdo G, Iannone A, Leandro G, Leo AD, Trerotoli P. ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION: INTRINSIC METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS AND STATISTICAL PITFALLS. Nutrition 2022; 102:111736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pang J, Zhao S, Du X, Wu H, Niu G, Tang J. Vertical matrix perovskite X-ray detector for effective multi-energy discrimination. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:105. [PMID: 35449122 PMCID: PMC9023493 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Multi-energy X-ray detection is sought after for a wide range of applications including medical imaging, security checking and industrial flaw inspection. Perovskite X-ray detectors are superior in terms of high sensitivity and low detection limit, which lays a foundation for multi-energy discrimination. However, the extended capability of the perovskite detector for multi-energy X-ray detection is challenging and has never been reported. Herein we report the design of vertical matrix perovskite X-ray detectors for multi-energy detection, based on the attenuation behavior of X-ray within the detector and machine learning algorithm. This platform is independent of the complex X-ray source components that constrain the energy discrimination capability. We show that the incident X-ray spectra could be accurately reconstructed from the conversion matrix and measured photocurrent response. Moreover, the detector could produce a set of images containing the density-graded information under single exposure, and locate the concealed position for all low-, medium- and high-density substances. Our findings suggest a new generation of X-ray detectors with features of multi-energy discrimination, density differentiation, and contrast-enhanced imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincong Pang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyuan Du
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangda Niu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
- Optical Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
- Optical Valley Laboratory, 430074, Wuhan, China
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Potter AW, Tharion WJ, Holden LD, Pazmino A, Looney DP, Friedl KE. Circumference-Based Predictions of Body Fat Revisited: Preliminary Results From a US Marine Corps Body Composition Survey. Front Physiol 2022; 13:868627. [PMID: 35432005 PMCID: PMC9008774 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.868627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Body composition assessment methods are dependent on their underlying principles, and assumptions of each method may be affected by age and sex. This study compared an abdominal circumference-focused method of percent body fat estimation (AC %BF) to a criterion method of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and a comparative assessment with bioelectrical impedance (BIA), in younger (≤30 years) and older (>age 30 years) physically fit (meeting/exceeding annual US Marine Corps fitness testing requirements) men and women. Methods: Fit healthy US Marines (430 men, 179 women; 18–57 years) were assessed for body composition by DXA (iDXA, GE Lunar), anthropometry, and BIA (Quantum IV, RJL Systems). Results: Compared to DXA %BF, male AC %BF underestimated for both ≤30 and >30 years age groups (bias, -2.6 ± 3.7 and -2.5 ± 3.7%); while female AC %BF overestimated for both ≤30 and >30 years age groups (2.3 ± 4.3 and 1.3 ± 4.8%). On an individual basis, lean men and women were overestimated and higher %BF individuals were underestimated. Predictions from BIA were more accurate and reflected less relationship to adiposity for each age and sex group (males: ≤30, 0.4 ± 3.2, >30 years, -0.5 ± 3.5; women: ≤30, 1.4 ± 3.1, >30 years, 0.0 ± 3.3). Total body water (hydration) and bone mineral content (BMC) as a proportion of fat-free mass (FFM) remained consistent across the age range; however, women had a higher proportion of %BMC/FFM than men. Older men and women (>age 30 years) were larger and carried more fat but had similar FFM compared to younger men and women. Conclusion: The AC %BF provides a field expedient method for the US Marine Corps to classify individuals for obesity prevention, but does not provide research-grade quantitative body composition data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Potter
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Adam W. Potter,
| | - William J. Tharion
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Lucas D. Holden
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Angie Pazmino
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Human Performance Branch, US Marine Corps Training and Education Command, Quantico, VA, United States
| | - David P. Looney
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Karl E. Friedl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
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Decrausaz SL, Cameron ME. A growth area: A review of the value of clinical studies of child growth for palaeopathology. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:108-122. [PMID: 35273803 PMCID: PMC8903130 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of living children demonstrate that early life stress impacts linear growth outcomes. Stresses affecting linear growth may also impact later life health outcomes, including increased cardiometabolic disease risk. Palaeopathologists also assess the growth of children recovered from bioarchaeological contexts. Early life stresses are inferred to affect linear growth outcomes, and measurements of skeletal linear dimensions alongside other bioarchaeological information may indicate the types of challenges faced by past groups. In clinical settings, the impacts of stress on growing children are typically measured by examining height. Palaeopathologists are limited to examining bone dimensions directly and must grapple with incomplete pictures of childhood experiences that may affect growth. Palaeopathologists may use clinical growth studies to inform observations among past children; however, there may be issues with this approach. Here, we review the relationship between contemporary and palaeopathological studies of child and adolescent growth. We identify approaches to help bridge the gap between palaeopathological and biomedical growth studies. We advocate for: the creation of bone-specific growth reference information using medical imaging and greater examination of limb proportions; the inclusion of children from different global regions and life circumstances in contemporary bone growth studies; and greater collaboration and dialogue between palaeopathologists and clinicians as new studies are designed to assess linear growth past and present. We advocate for building stronger bridges between these fields to improve interpretations of growth patterns across human history and to potentially improve interventions for children living and growing today. Studies of living children demonstrate that early life stress impacts linear growth. Stresses affecting linear growth may also impact later life health, including cardiometabolic disease risk. Palaeopathologists also investigate if children and adolescents recovered from bioarchaeological contexts experienced growth disruptions due to early life challenges. In clinical settings, the impacts of stress on growing children are typically measured by examining height. Palaeopathologists are limited to examining bone dimensions directly and must grapple with incomplete pictures of childhood experiences that may affect growth. Here, we review the relationship between contemporary and palaeopathological studies of child and adolescent growth. We advocate for: the creation of bone-specific growth reference information using medical imaging and greater examination of limb proportions; the inclusion of children from different global regions and life circumstances in contemporary bone growth studies; and greater collaboration and dialogue between palaeopathologists and clinicians as new studies are designed to assess linear growth past and present. These steps may improve interpretations of growth patterns across human history and interventions for children living and growing today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise Decrausaz
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Cornett Building, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michelle E Cameron
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S2, Canada
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Xu Q, Wang L, Ming J, Cao H, Liu T, Yu X, Bai Y, Liang S, Hu R, Wang L, Chen C, Zhou J, Ji Q. Using noninvasive anthropometric indices to develop and validate a predictive model for metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults: a nationwide study. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:53. [PMID: 35241044 PMCID: PMC8895645 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is a pathological condition that includes many abnormal metabolic components and requires a simple detection method for rapid use in a large population. The aim of the study was to develop a diagnostic model for Mets in a Chinese population with noninvasive anthropometric and demographic predictors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen predictors. A large sample from the China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Survey (CNDMDS) was used to develop the model with logistic regression, and internal, internal-external and external validation were conducted to evaluate the model performance. A score calculator was developed to display the final model. RESULTS We evaluated the discrimination and calibration of the model by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration curve analysis. The area under the ROC curves (AUCs) and the Brier score of the original model were 0.88 and 0.122, respectively. The mean AUCs and the mean Brier score of 10-fold cross validation were 0.879 and 0.122, respectively. The mean AUCs and the mean Brier score of internal-external validation were 0.878 and 0.121, respectively. The AUCs and Brier score of external validation were 0.862 and 0.133, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The model developed in this study has good discrimination and calibration performance. Its stability was proved by internal validation, external validation and internal-external validation. Then, this model has been displayed by a calculator which can exhibit the specific predictive probability for easy use in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruofan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiuhe Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road No. 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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35
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Zou L. Pivotal Dominant Bacteria Ratio and Metabolites Related to Healthy Body Index Revealed by Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolomics. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:130-141. [PMID: 35068612 PMCID: PMC8758854 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Various body indexes, especially body fat percentage (BFP), are widely used as effective indicators to measure our health. BFP is used in medicine to assess obesity, which is a body fat mass disorder accompanied with changes of the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between BFP and the gut microbiota has not been studied so far. To address this problem, we examined how gut microbiota and metabolome associated with body indices in healthy people. Microbial and metabolomics data based on 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS were obtained from stool samples of 20 healthy adults. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore the correlations between the body indices and gut microbial characteristics. Significantly different microbes were further validated via qPCR. Differential characteristics were filtered by building machine learning models to predict body status. Our data showed that abundance of Prevotella and the Prevotella/Bacteroides (P/B) ratio in the gut were markedly higher in high-BFP individuals than in low-BFP individuals. Microbial and metabolomics data consistently suggested significant differences in fatty acid metabolism in stool samples from the two groups. The P/B ratio and fatty acids are discriminative for people with different index levels by cross validation tests with machine learning models. These results suggest using Prevotella and fecal fatty acids as predictors may offer an alternative method for evaluating health status or weight loss. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-021-00989-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zou
- Sichuan EYE Hospital, Aier EYE Hospital Group, No. 153, Tianfu Fourth Street, High-tech Zone, Chengdu, 610047 China
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Shah KB, Fields DA, Pezant NP, Kharoud HK, Gulati S, Jacobs K, Gale CA, Kharbanda EO, Nagel EM, Demerath EW, Tryggestad JB. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Altered Abundance of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Human Milk. Clin Ther 2022; 44:172-185.e1. [PMID: 35090750 PMCID: PMC9089438 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human milk (HM) is a unique biological fluid that is enriched with a variety of factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially provide both short- and long-term benefits to the infants. miRNAs are packaged within exosomes, making them bioavailable to infants. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may affect the abundance of exosomal miRNAs in HM, providing a mechanism for growth and adiposity variation in infants of mothers with GDM in early life. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine the impact of GDM on select miRNAs (miRNA-148a, miRNA-30b, miRNA-let-7a, and miRNA-let-7d) involved in metabolism and to examine the association of these miRNAs with measures of infant body composition in the first 6 months of life. METHODS Milk samples were collected from a cohort of 94 mothers (62 mothers without GDM and 32 mothers with GDM) matched on body mass index strata at 1 month post partum. miRNA abundance was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were used to examine potential differences in miRNA abundance in women with and without GDM, testing associations between miRNA abundance and infant growth and body composition measures from 1 to 6 months. FINDINGS The abundances of miRNA-148a, miRNA-30b, miRNA-let-7a, and miRNA-let-7d were reduced in milk from mothers with GDM. Independent of GDM status, higher maternal diet quality was associated with increased abundance of each of the measured miRNAs. miRNA-148a was negatively associated with infant weight, percentage of body fat, and fat mass, whereas miRNA-30b was positively associated with infant weight and fat mass at 1 month of age. There was no association of milk miRNA-148a and miRNA-30b with infant weight at 1 month of age or with body composition measures at 3 months of age; however, miRNA-148a was negatively associated with infant weight at 6 months of age. IMPLICATIONS If supported by randomized dietary supplementation or other intervention trials, HM miRNAs may be a therapeutic target to mitigate risk of metabolic outcomes in offspring of women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti B. Shah
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - David A. Fields
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Nathan P. Pezant
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Department of Genes and Human Disease, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Harmeet K. Kharoud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shelly Gulati
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Katherine Jacobs
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cheryl A. Gale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Emily M. Nagel
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jeanie B. Tryggestad
- Section of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma,Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Investigating Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 2022:1381542. [PMID: 35265376 PMCID: PMC8898882 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1381542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotics exert metabolic side effects, and prolonged treatment with antipsychotics causes changes in body weight and muscle composition. Nevertheless, reports on the changes in body composition of patients with schizophrenia have been limited. This study is aimed at comparing the body mass index and body composition of patients with schizophrenia with healthy individuals in Indonesia. METHODS A total of 195 patients with schizophrenia (148 males and 47 females) and 195 healthy individuals matched by gender were recruited. Using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method, the participants' body compositions were measured. RESULTS Compared to healthy individuals, the patient group exhibited a higher rate of underweight as well as a lower rate of overweight and obesity. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the associations between the body mass index and all measured body compositions. Furthermore, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is significantly associated with lower muscle mass, lower bone mass, higher basal metabolic rate, older metabolic age, and higher total body water. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that patients with schizophrenia are at a greater risk of a lower quality of certain components of body composition. Priority should be given to research that addresses increasing the patient's level of physical activity.
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Kenny SJ, Critchley ML, Whittaker JL, Kodalore Vijayan VW, Emery CA. Association between pre-participation characteristics and risk of injury amongst pre-professional dancers. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 52:239-247. [PMID: 34653772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective Cohort Study. BACKGROUND Few investigations utilize evidence-informed pre-participation evaluation, inclusive injury definitions, and prospective surveillance to identify risk factors for dance-related injuries. OBJECTIVE To evaluate pre-participation characteristics that may be associated with greater odds of dance-related musculoskeletal complaints in pre-professional dancers. METHODS Full-time pre-professional ballet [n = 85, 77 females, median (range) age 15-years (11-19)] and contemporary [n = 60, 58 females, 19-years (17-30)] dancers underwent pre-participation evaluation: baseline questionnaire, coping skills, body mass index, bone mineral density, ankle range-of-motion, active standing turnout, lumbopelvic control, and balance tests. Self-reported complaints (any physical problem making dance participation difficult, irrespective of medical attention or time-loss) were captured weekly via online questionnaires for one academic year. Self-reported musculoskeletal complaints were recorded weekly (yes/no). Potential risk factors were identified a-priori through systematic review. Associations between potential risk factors and musculoskeletal complaints were examined with generalized linear mixed method regression models. RESULTS Response rate was 99%, with 81% of dancers reporting at least one musculoskeletal complaint. Of 1521 complaints (19% first-time, 81% ongoing), the ankle (22%), knee (21%), and foot (12%) accounted for the majority. Injury history [odds ratio (OR) 7.37 (95% CI 3.41, 15.91)] and previous week's dance hours [OR 1.02 (1.01, 1.03)] were associated with dance-related musculoskeletal complaints. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints amongst pre-professional dancers is high and associated with injury history and training volume. Further understanding of the relationship between training load and injury is needed, with particular consideration of the dynamic and recursive nature of dance injury etiology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapy / Prevention, Aetiology / Harm, level 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kenny
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Meghan L Critchley
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zhao C, Herbst M, Weber T, Luckner C, Vogt S, Ritschl L, Kappler S, Siewerdsen JH, Zbijewski W. Slot-scan dual-energy bone densitometry using motorized X-ray systems. Med Phys 2021; 48:6673-6695. [PMID: 34628651 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigate the feasibility of slot-scan dual-energy (DE) bone densitometry on motorized radiographic equipment. This approach will enable fast quantitative measurements of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for opportunistic evaluation of osteoporosis. METHODS We investigated DE slot-scan protocols to obtain aBMD measurements at the lumbar spine (L-spine) and hip using a motorized x-ray platform capable of synchronized translation of the x-ray source and flat-panel detector (FPD). The slot dimension was 5 × 20 cm2 . The DE slot views were processed as follows: (1) convolution kernel-based scatter correction, (2) unfiltered backprojection to tile the slots into long-length radiographs, and (3) projection-domain DE decomposition, consisting of an initial adipose-water decomposition in a bone-free region followed by water-CaHA decomposition with adjustment for adipose content. The accuracy and reproducibility of slot-scan aBMD measurements were investigated using a high-fidelity simulator of a robotic x-ray system (Siemens Multitom Rax) in a total of 48 body phantom realizations: four average bone density settings (cortical bone mass fraction: 10-40%), four body sizes (waist circumference, WC = 70-106 cm), and three lateral shifts of the body within the slot field of view (FOV) (centered and ±1 cm off-center). Experimental validations included: (1) x-ray test-bench feasibility study of adipose-water decomposition and (2) initial demonstration of slot-scan DE bone densitometry on the robotic x-ray system using the European Spine Phantom (ESP) with added attenuation (polymethyl methacrylate [PMMA] slabs) ranging 2 to 6 cm thick. RESULTS For the L-spine, the mean aBMD error across all WC settings ranged from 0.08 g/cm2 for phantoms with average cortical bone fraction wcortical = 10% to ∼0.01 g/cm2 for phantoms with wcortical = 40%. The L-spine aBMD measurements were fairly robust to changes in body size and positioning, e.g., coefficient of variation (CV) for L1 with wcortical = 30% was ∼0.034 for various WC and ∼0.02 for an obese patient (WC = 106 cm) changing lateral shift. For the hip, the mean aBMD error across all phantom configurations was about 0.07 g/cm2 for a centered patient. The reproducibility of hip aBMD was slightly worse than in the L-spine (e.g., in the femoral neck, the CV with respect to changing WC was ∼0.13 for phantom realizations with wcortical = 30%) due to more challenging scatter estimation in the presence of an air-tissue interface within the slot FOV. The aBMD of the hip was therefore sensitive to lateral positioning of the patient, especially for obese patients: e.g., the CV with respect to patient lateral shift for femoral neck with WC = 106 cm and wcortical = 30% was 0.14. Empirical evaluations confirmed substantial reduction in aBMD errors with the proposed adipose estimation procedure and demonstrated robust aBMD measurements on the robotic x-ray system, with aBMD errors of ∼0.1 g/cm2 across all three simulated ESP vertebrae and all added PMMA attenuator settings. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that accurate aBMD measurements can be obtained on a motorized FPD-based x-ray system using DE slot-scans with kernel-based scatter correction, backprojection-based slot view tiling, and DE decomposition with adipose correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey H Siewerdsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wojciech Zbijewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Liao J, Cao C, Hur J, Cohen J, Chen W, Zong X, Colditz G, Yang L, Stamatakis E, Cao Y. Association of sedentary patterns with body fat distribution among US children and adolescents: a population-based study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2048-2057. [PMID: 34127804 PMCID: PMC8384710 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Children and adolescents spend a substantial amount of time being sedentary. The impact of prolonged sedentary patterns on fat distribution has not been elucidated especially in the context of physical activity level. Our objective is to examine the independent and joint associations of prolonged sedentary patterns and physical activity level with fat distribution among children and adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS This included US children (8-11 years) and adolescents (12-19 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006. Sedentary patterns comprise accelerometer-measured average sedentary bout duration and self-reported time of sitting watching TV/videos. Fat distribution (trunk and total fat percentage) was determined via dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Among 810 children and 2062 adolescents, average sedentary bout duration was associated with greater total and trunk fat percentages only among male children, after adjusting for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level by accelerometer. Prolonged sitting watching TV/videos was associated with higher total and trunk fat percentages in male children and all adolescents, independent of levels of MVPA (all P for trend <0.05). Compared with ≤1 h/day, male children who spent ≥4 h/day sitting watching TV/videos had 4.43% higher trunk fat (95% CI, 1.69-7.17%), with similar associations for female (3.53%; 95% CI, 1.03-6.03%) and male adolescents (4.78%; 95% CI, 2.97-6.60%). About 13-17% children and adolescents spent <1 h on MVPA and ≥4 h sitting watching TV/videos per day. Compared with the most active group (MVPA ≥ 1 h/day and sitting watching TV/videos ≤1 h/day), trunk fat in this least active group was 6.21% higher in female children, 9.90% higher in male children, 6.84% higher in female adolescents, and 5.36% higher in male adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Prolonged time spent on sitting watching TV/videos was associated with fat accumulation among children and adolescents, independent of physical activity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cao
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Cohen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Winston Chen
- Ladue Horton Watkins High School, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Graham Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Melo E Silva FV, Almonfrey FB, Freitas CMND, Fonte FK, Sepulvida MBDC, Almada-Filho CDM, Cendoroglo MS, Quadrado EB, Amodeo C, Povoa R, Miranda RD. Association of Body Composition with Arterial Stiffness in Long-lived People. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:457-462. [PMID: 34287568 PMCID: PMC8462957 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamento Pouco se conhece sobre a relação entre sarcopenia e hemodinâmica central em idosos longevos. Objetivo Estudar a relação da rigidez arterial com a composição corporal em idosos longevos. Métodos A composição corporal foi avaliada por meio da absortometria de Raio X de dupla energia (DEXA) e dos parâmetros de circulação central (PCC) obtidos por método oscilométrico não invasivo, com o Mobil-O-Graph 24h PWA Monitor®. Os parâmetros centrais avaliados foram: velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP), augmentation index (AIx), índice de amplificação da pressão de pulso (iAPP) e pressão de pulso central (PPc). Estes foram correlacionados com massa magra total (MM) e apendicular (MA), percentual de gordura corporal e índice de Baumgartner (IB). Aceitou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Participaram 124 longevos, com idade média de 87,1 anos (DP±4,3 anos), sendo 74,2% mulheres e 57,3% brancos. Houve correlação inversa do AIx com as variáveis MM (r = - 0,391, p < 0,001), MA (r= -0,378, p< 0,001) e IB (r = -0,258, p 0,004). A PPc apresentou associação inversa com MM (r= -0,268, p =0,003), MA (r=-0,288, p= 0,001) e IB (r= -0,265, p = 0,003). Houve relação direta apenas entre AIx e percentual de gordura corporal (r= 0,197, p= 0,029). Conclusão Em idosos longevos, o percentual de gordura corporal se associa diretamente com a rigidez arterial e tem associação inversa com a quantidade de MM. Esses achados podem estar associados ao maior risco cardiovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flávia Kurebayashi Fonte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp- EPM), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp- EPM), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Egli Belinazzi Quadrado
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp- EPM), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Celso Amodeo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp- EPM), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Rui Povoa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina (Unifesp- EPM), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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Andrews JS, Gold LS, Nevitt M, Heagerty PJ, Cawthon PM. Appendicular Lean Mass, Grip Strength, and the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain Among Older Adults. ACR Open Rheumatol 2021; 3:566-572. [PMID: 34245226 PMCID: PMC8363849 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The association of sarcopenia with development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) or knee pain in older adults is uncertain. We examined the relationship of grip strength and appendicular lean mass (ALM) with the likelihood of developing knee OA and knee pain in older adults in the Health ABC (Health, Aging, and Body Composition) Study. Methods ALM and grip strength were assessed at baseline by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry and handheld dynamometry, respectively. Incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, defined as new participant report of physician‐diagnosed knee OA and concurrent frequent knee pain, and incident frequent knee pain over 5 years of follow‐up were examined. Separate regression analyses, stratified by sex, modeled associations of baseline ALM and grip strength with the likelihood of incident clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA and incident knee pain over follow‐up, adjusting for covariates. Results Among the 2779 subjects without OA at baseline, 95 men (6.9%) and 158 women (11.3%) developed clinically diagnosed, symptomatic knee OA, and, among the 2182 subjects without knee pain at baseline, 315 men (28.3%) and 385 women (36.1%) developed knee pain over follow‐up. Among men only, each SD decrement of ALM was associated with decreasing likelihood of incident knee OA (odds ratio [OR] per SD decrement: 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47‐0.97), and each SD decrement of grip strength was associated with increasing likelihood of incident knee pain (OR per SD decrement: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.42). Conclusion In older men, ALM and grip strength may be associated with the development of knee OA and knee pain, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peggy M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco
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López-Seoane J, Martinez-Ferran M, Romero-Morales C, Pareja-Galeano H. N-3 PUFA as an ergogenic supplement modulating muscle hypertrophy and strength: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:9000-9020. [PMID: 34128440 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1939262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that suggests that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve physical performance when combined with proper training through modulation of muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). This systematic review aims to examine the effect and optimal dosage of n-3 PUFA supplementation on muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and DOMS when combined with physical exercise. The PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus databases were searched following the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials performed with healthy humans were considered. Fifteen studies with a total of 461 individuals were included in this systematic review. All of them measured muscle function (short physical performance test, range of motion (ROM), electromechanical delay (EMD), muscle echo intensity or muscle quality) and DOMS. Fourteen studies evaluated muscle strength and only six assessed muscle hypertrophy. Our results demonstrated that n-3 PUFA does not improve muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength or skeletal muscle biomarkers of inflammation and muscle damage beyond the benefits obtained by the training itself. Nevertheless, n-3 PUFA improves DOMS recovery and muscle function (measured by ROM, EMD and muscle quality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime López-Seoane
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Woodward AJ, Wallen MP, Ryan J, Ward LC, Coombes JS, Macdonald GA. Evaluation of techniques used to assess skeletal muscle quantity in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:287-296. [PMID: 34330481 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of skeletal muscle mass is a well-recognised complication of cirrhosis. Bedside methods to assess skeletal muscle mass including anthropometrics and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are negatively impacted by fluid overload in advanced cirrhosis and thus there is a need to identify alternatives. There is a paucity of data on the accuracy of commonly used radiological methods such as dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess appendicular lean mass (ALM), and computed tomography (CT) skeletal muscle area in patients with cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships and agreement of several skeletal muscle mass estimation methods compared to a reference model in patients with cirrhosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional, single centre study was performed by prospectively recruiting patients with cirrhosis referred to the Queensland Liver Transplant Service. Patients underwent assessment of skeletal muscle mass using bedside techniques (mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC), bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS), ultrasound muscle thickness (USMT)) and radiological methods (DXA ALM, CT skeletal muscle area). These were compared to a reference measurement of body cell mass derived from a multi-compartment model using isotope dilution tests and DXA. RESULTS Forty-two patients (age 56 years, interquartile range 48-60, 86% male) were recruited. Bedside skeletal muscle mass estimation techniques were strongly correlated to the body cell mass reference, with BIS estimation having the strongest correlation coefficients (r = 0.78-0.79; P < 0.01). A novel technique measuring USMT offered no advantage over traditional bedside techniques. Of the radiological methods, DXA ALM had the strongest correlation coefficient (r = 0.781; P < 0.01). Weaker correlation coefficients were observed in patients with ascites, except when using the MUAMC. Bland-Altman analysis of BIS body composition estimates demonstrated significant systematic biases and large limits of agreement compared to reference values. CONCLUSION These results confirm the difficulties in assessing skeletal muscle mass in patients with cirrhosis, particularly in those with ascites. DXA ALM and BIS measurements provided the best correlation to body cell mass. We suggest DXA ALM for estimation of skeletal muscle mass in patients with cirrhosis as there are established thresholds for skeletal muscle mass depletion, and an accurate assessment of bone mass and density can also be provided. The use of USMT over other bedside skeletal muscle mass estimates was not supported by our results. Further studies evaluating novel bedside skeletal muscle mass estimation techniques in cirrhosis patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan J Woodward
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Matthew P Wallen
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John Ryan
- Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health (CRExPAH), School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme A Macdonald
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Liu D, Chen C, Zhang T. Image-Based Polygonal Lattices for Mechanical Modeling of Biological Materials: 2D Demonstrations. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34060803 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure-property relationship of biological materials, such as bones, teeth, cells, and biofilms, is critical for diagnosing diseases and developing bioinspired materials and structures. The intrinsic multiphase heterogeneity with interfaces places great challenges for mechanical modeling. Here, we develop an image-based polygonal lattice model for simulating the mechanical deformation of biological materials with complicated shapes and interfaces. The proposed lattice model maintains the uniform meshes inside the homogeneous phases and restricts the irregular polygonal meshes near the boundaries or interfaces. This approach significantly simplifies the mesh generation from images of biological structures with complicated geometries. The conventional finite element simulations validate this polygonal lattice model. We further demonstrate that the image-based polygonal lattices generate meshes from images of composite structures with multiple inclusions and capture the nonlinear mechanical deformation. We conclude the paper by highlighting a few future research directions that will benefit from the functionalities of polygonal lattice modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States.,BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Lam JH, Tu KJ, Kim S. Narrowband diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the 900-1000 nm wavelength region to quantify water and lipid content of turbid media. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3091-3102. [PMID: 34221647 PMCID: PMC8221973 DOI: 10.1364/boe.425451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a narrow wavelength band diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (nb-DRS) method to determine water and fat ratios of scattering media in the 900-1000 nm range. This method was shown to be linearly correlated with absolute water and fat concentrations as tested on a set of turbid emulsion phantoms with a range of water and lipid compositions. Robustness to scattering assumptions was demonstrated and compared against measured scattering by a frequency-domain photon migration system. nb-DRS was also tested on ex-vivo porcine samples and compared against direct tissue water extraction by analytical chemistry methods. We speculate nb-DRS has potential applications in portable devices such as clinical and digital health wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse H. Lam
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
- Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey J. Tu
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Kim
- Dankook University, Beckman Laser Institute Korea, School of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
- Dankook University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cheonan, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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Wooten SV, Fleming RYD, Wolf JS, Stray-Gundersen S, Bartholomew JB, Mendoza D, Stanforth PR, Stanforth D, Hernandez LM, Tanaka H. Prehabilitation program composed of blood flow restriction training and sports nutrition improves physical functions in abdominal cancer patients awaiting surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2952-2958. [PMID: 34092455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of prehabilitation remains controversial due to a short presurgical waiting period and the diminished capacity of the patient population. A strategy to augment and optimize the effectiveness of prehabilitations for abdominal cancer patients may be found in the unlikely field of sport science. We investigated the use of blood flow restriction training and sport nutrition supplementation to augment functional capacity and increase muscle strength in twenty-four abdominal cancer patients awaiting surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sport science-based program was comprised of blood flow restriction exercise 5 to 6 times per week and a daily sports nutrition supplement containing l-citrulline, creatine monohydrate, and whey protein. RESULTS After 4 weeks of prehabilitation, 6-min walk test, timed up and go, short physical performance battery, 5-chair stand test and physical component score of quality of life were significantly improved (all p < 0.05). Total body and appendicular lean mass as assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry increased by 0.73 ± 1.04 kg (p = 0.004) and 0.42 ± 0.64 kg (p = 0.006), respectively. Total body fat mass and trunk fat mass decreased (p = 0.004 and p = 0.021). There were no significant changes in hand grip strength, fear of falling, the mental component summary of quality of life, or fasting serum concentrations of myostatin, follistatin, and growth hormone. CONCLUSION A multimodal prehabilitation program, which encompasses blood flow restriction training and sports nutrition supplements, is both feasible and effective in improving lean mass and physical function in abdominal cancer patients prior to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ladia M Hernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Djossou HJ, Tazi MA, Ahmed Ghassem M, El Ouardi N, Taoubane L, Majjad A, Sadni S, Toufik H, Achemlal L, El Maghraoui A. Reproducibility of total and regional body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:991-999. [PMID: 33386877 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Several studies have reported changes in body composition in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Our study showed that body composition measurements obtained by absorptiometry were highly reproducible in patients suffering from these diseases. This study justifies the use of absorptiometry measurements in longitudinal studies in this population. PURPOSE Our study aimed to assess the reproducibility of total and regional body composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to compare them to healthy subjects. METHODS The study enrolled 80 subjects including 32 healthy subjects, 31 RA patients, and 17 AS patients. Each subject had two scans in one day under the same standard conditions and none ate nor drunk before being repositioned on the table. The reproducibility was assessed through the coefficient of variation (CV), the least significant change (LSC), the intraclass correlation (ICC), and the smallest significant difference (SDD). RESULTS Total body composition measurements obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were highly reproducible, and there was no statistically significant difference between reproducibility in healthy subjects, patients with RA, and patients with AS. For total body fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), and bone mineral content (BMC) in the total population, CV values were 1.71%, 1.25%, and 1.74%, respectively; ICC values were 0.998, 0.996, and 0.993, respectively; LSC values were 4.88%, 3.7%, and 5.2%, respectively; and SDD values were ± 1.23 Kg, ± 1.47 Kg, and ± 126.0 g, respectively. For regional body FM, LM, and BMC in the total population, CV values in the arms were 8.46%, 4.17%, and 3.79%, respectively; in the legs 6.24%, 3.59%, and 2.04%, respectively, and in the trunk 5.02%, 2.92%, and 5.24%, respectively. CONCLUSION Total body tissue mass, FM percentage, FM, LM, and BMC measurements obtained by DXA are highly reproducible in RA and AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Djossou
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - M A Tazi
- Statistics Department, National Institute of Oncology Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Rabat, Morocco
| | - M Ahmed Ghassem
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - N El Ouardi
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Taoubane
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Majjad
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Sadni
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - H Toufik
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - L Achemlal
- Rheumatology Department, Military Hospital Mohammed V, PO Box: 1018, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A El Maghraoui
- Cabinet of Rheumatology, Av. Mohamed V, Street Bait Lahm, Buil B, n°6, Rabat, Morocco
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Yokota T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Recent Progress of Flexible Image Sensors for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004416. [PMID: 33527511 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible image sensors have attracted increasing attention as new imaging devices owing to their lightness, softness, and bendability. Since light can measure inside information from outside of the body, optical-imaging-based approaches, such as X-rays, are widely used for disease diagnosis in hospitals. Unlike conventional sensors, flexible image sensors are soft and can be directly attached to a curved surface, such as the skin, for continuous measurement of biometric information with high accuracy. Therefore, they are expected to gain wide application to wearable devices, as well as home medical care. Herein, the application of such sensors to the biomedical field is introduced. First, their individual components, photosensors, and switching elements, are explained. Then, the basic parameters used to evaluate the performance of each of these elements and the image sensors are described. Finally, examples of measuring the dynamic and static biometric information using flexible image sensors, together with relevant real-world measurement cases, are presented. Furthermore, recent applications of the flexible image sensors in the biomedical field are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science & Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science & Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Araújo-Vilar D, Fernández-Pombo A, Victoria B, Mosquera-Orgueira A, Cobelo-Gómez S, Castro-Pais A, Hermida-Ameijeiras Á, Loidi L, Sánchez-Iglesias S. Variable Expressivity and Allelic Heterogeneity in Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy: The p.(Thr528Met) LMNA Variant. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071497. [PMID: 33916827 PMCID: PMC8038443 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy, or Dunnigan disease, is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormal subcutaneous adipose tissue distribution. This rare condition results from variants principally affecting exons 8 and 11 of the LMNA gene. In this study, five FPLD2-diagnosed patients carrying the c.1583C>T, p.(Thr528Met) variant in exon 9 of the LMNA gene and with obvious clinical heterogeneity were evaluated. Specific polymorphisms in LMNA and in PPARG were also detected. Exhaustive clinical course, physical examination, biochemical features and family history were recorded, along with the assessment of anthropometric features and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Preadipocytes obtained from a T528M patient were treated with the classic adipose differentiation medium with pioglitazone. Various adipogenes were evaluated by real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence was used to study intracellular localization of emerin, lamin A and its precursors. As demonstrated with Oil red O staining, the preadipocytes of the T528M patient failed to differentiate, the expression of various adipogenic genes was reduced in the lipodystrophic patient and immunofluorescence studies showed an accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A in T528M cells. We conclude that the T528M variant in LMNA could lead to FPLD2, as the adipogenic machinery is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Araújo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Antía Fernández-Pombo
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Berta Victoria
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
| | - Adrián Mosquera-Orgueira
- Department of Hematology, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Silvia Cobelo-Gómez
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
| | - Ana Castro-Pais
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hermida-Ameijeiras
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lourdes Loidi
- Fundación Galega de Medicina Xenómica, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Sofía Sánchez-Iglesias
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology Group, Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.-V.); (A.F.-P.); (S.C.-G.); (Á.H.-A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881-815-446
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