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Sun H, Zhou Y, Jiang S, Zhao D, Li H, Lu Y, Ma B, Zhou B. Association between low-sodium salt intervention and long-term blood pressure changes is modified by ENaC genetic variation: a gene-diet interaction analysis in a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct 2023; 14:9782-9791. [PMID: 37843257 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is closely associated with excessive sodium intake, and low-sodium salt has been shown to lower blood pressure. However, whether low-sodium salt interacts with genetic variation related to salt sensitivity of blood pressure is unclear. Methods: A total of 259 hypertensive patients who completed the previous 3 years of a low-sodium salt vs. normal salt intervention were included in our study. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were respectively built for each participant. A general linear regression model and a generalized mixed model were applied to identify the interaction effects between low-sodium salt intervention and ENaC genetic variation on SBP/DBP changes and trajectories over 3 years. Findings: during the 3-year intervention, both SBP and DBP levels showed a significant decline in the low-sodium salt intervention group than those in the normal salt intervention group over 3 years (Psalt intervention group = 0.001 for SBP and Psalt intervention group = 0.006 for DBP). Furthermore, a gene-diet interaction was found for the SBP change trajectory over 3 years (PSBP-GRS×salt intervention group = 0.011); specifically, significant SBP reductions were found between salt intervention groups in the high SBP-GRS group (-18.77 vs. -9.58 mmHg, Psalt intervention group = 0.001), but not in the low SBP-GRS group (-15.71 vs. -14.62 mmHg, Psalt intervention group = 0.791). No interaction effect between low-sodium salt intervention and genetic variation of ENaC was found for changes in DBP. Conclusions: Higher ENaC genetic variation is associated with a greater reduction in SBP in response to a low-sodium salt intervention. Hypertensive patients with higher ENaC genetic variation may experience a greater benefit in SBP reductions by consuming low-sodium salt. (Trial registration: chiCTR-TRC-09000538, https://www.chictr.org.cn).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuyi Jiang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Huamin Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, 110001, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Hong X, Miao K, Cao W, Lv J, Yu C, Huang T, Sun D, Liao C, Pang Y, Pang Z, Yu M, Wang H, Wu X, Liu Y, Gao W, Li L. Association Between DNA Methylation and Blood Pressure: A 5-Year Longitudinal Twin Study. Hypertension 2023; 80:169-181. [PMID: 36345830 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous EWASs (Epigenome-Wide Association Studies) have reported hundreds of blood pressure (BP) associated 5'-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3' (CpG) sites. However, their results were inconsistent. Longitudinal observations on the temporal relationship between DNA methylation and BP are lacking. METHODS A candidate CpG site association study for BP was conducted on 1072 twins in the Chinese National Twin Registry. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for candidate CpG sites. Cross-lagged models were used to assess the temporal relationship between BP and DNA methylation in 308 twins who completed 2 surveys in 2013 and 2018. Then, the significant cross-lagged associations were validated by adopting the Inference About Causation From Examination of Familial Confounding approach. Finally, to evaluate the cumulative effects of DNA methylation on the progression of hypertension, we established methylation risk scores based on BP-associated CpG sites and performed Markov multistate models. RESULTS 16 and 20 CpG sites were validated to be associated with systolic BP and diastolic BP, respectively. In the cross-lagged analysis, we detected that methylation of 2 CpG sites could predict subsequent systolic BP, and systolic BP predicted methylation at another 3 CpG sites. For diastolic BP, methylation at 3 CpG sites had significant cross-lagged effects for predicting diastolic BP levels, while the prediction from the opposite direction was observed at one site. Among these, 3 associations were validated in the Inference About Causation From Examination of Familial Confounding analysis. Using the Markov multistate model, we observed that methylation risk scores were associated with the development of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the significance of DNA methylation in the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Ke Miao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Weihua Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Chunxiao Liao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Zengchang Pang
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China (Z.P.)
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China (M.Y.)
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China (H.W.)
| | - Xianping Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China (X.W.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China (Y.L.)
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, China (X.H., K.M., W.C., J.L., C.Y., T.H., D.S., C.L., Y.P., W.G., L.L.)
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Prakrithi P, Jha P, Jaiswal J, Sharma D, Bhoyar RC, Jain A, Imran M, Senthilvel V, Divakar MK, Mishra A, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S, Mukerji M. Landscape of Variability in Chemosensory Genes Associated With Dietary Preferences in Indian Population: Analysis of 1029 Indian Genomes. Front Genet 2022; 13:878134. [PMID: 35903357 PMCID: PMC9315315 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception and preferences for food and beverages determine dietary behaviour and health outcomes. Inherent differences in chemosensory genes, ethnicity, geo-climatic conditions, and sociocultural practices are other determinants. We aimed to study the variation landscape of chemosensory genes involved in perception of taste, texture, odour, temperature and burning sensations through analysis of 1,029 genomes of the IndiGen project and diverse continental populations. SNPs from 80 chemosensory genes were studied in whole genomes of 1,029 IndiGen samples and 2054 from the 1000 Genomes project. Population genetics approaches were used to infer ancestry of IndiGen individuals, gene divergence and extent of differentiation among studied populations. 137,760 SNPs including common and rare variants were identified in IndiGenomes with 62,950 novel (46%) and 48% shared with the 1,000 Genomes. Genes associated with olfaction harbored most SNPs followed by those associated with differences in perception of salt and pungent tastes. Across species, receptors for bitter taste were the most diverse compared to others. Three predominant ancestry groups within IndiGen were identified based on population structure analysis. We also identified 1,184 variants that exhibit differences in frequency of derived alleles and high population differentiation (FST ≥0.3) in Indian populations compared to European, East Asian and African populations. Examples include ADCY10, TRPV1, RGS6, OR7D4, ITPR3, OPRM1, TCF7L2, and RUNX1. This is a first of its kind of study on baseline variations in genes that could govern cuisine designs, dietary preferences and health outcomes. This would be of enormous utility in dietary recommendations for precision nutrition both at population and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Prakrithi
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Jha
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Pankaj Jha, ; Mitali Mukerji,
| | - Jushta Jaiswal
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Disha Sharma
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rahul C. Bhoyar
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohamed Imran
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vigneshwar Senthilvel
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Divakar
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anushree Mishra
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Mitali Mukerji
- CSIR- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India
- *Correspondence: Pankaj Jha, ; Mitali Mukerji,
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Tomilin VN, Pyrshev K, Stavniichuk A, Hassanzadeh Khayyat N, Ren G, Zaika O, Khedr S, Staruschenko A, Mei FC, Cheng X, Pochynyuk O. Epac1-/- and Epac2-/- mice exhibit deficient epithelial Na+ channel regulation and impaired urinary Na+ conservation. JCI Insight 2021; 7:145653. [PMID: 34914636 PMCID: PMC8855822 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epacs) are abundantly expressed in the renal tubules. We used genetic and pharmacological tools in combination with balance, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches to examine the role of Epac1 and Epac2 in renal sodium handling. We demonstrate that Epac1–/– and Epac2–/– mice exhibit a delayed anti-natriuresis to dietary sodium restriction despite augmented aldosterone levels. This was associated with a significantly lower response to the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) blocker amiloride, reduced ENaC activity in split-opened collecting ducts, and defective posttranslational processing of α and γENaC subunits in the KO mice fed with a Na+-deficient diet. Concomitant deletion of both isoforms led to a marginally greater natriuresis but further increased aldosterone levels. Epac2 blocker ESI-05 and Epac1&2 blocker ESI-09 decreased ENaC activity in Epac WT mice kept on the Na+-deficient diet but not on the regular diet. ESI-09 injections led to natriuresis in Epac WT mice on the Na+-deficient diet, which was caused by ENaC inhibition. In summary, our results demonstrate similar but nonredundant actions of Epac1 and Epac2 in stimulation of ENaC activity during variations in dietary salt intake. We speculate that inhibition of Epac signaling could be instrumental in treatment of hypertensive states associated with ENaC overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Kyrylo Pyrshev
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Anna Stavniichuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Naghmeh Hassanzadeh Khayyat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Guohui Ren
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Sherif Khedr
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwuakee, United States of America
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwuakee, United States of America
| | - Fang C Mei
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
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Chamoun E, Liu AS, Duizer LM, Feng Z, Darlington G, Duncan AM, Haines J, Ma DWL. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in sweet, fat, umami, salt, bitter and sour taste receptor genes are associated with gustatory function and taste preferences in young adults. Nutr Res 2021; 85:40-46. [PMID: 33444969 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Taste is a fundamental mechanism whereby compounds are detected orally, yet it is highly variable among individuals. The variability in taste that is attributable to genetics is not well-characterized despite its potential role in food selection, and therefore, eating habits that contribute to risk of overweight and obesity. In order to implicate measures of taste function and preference as potentially deterministic factors in adverse eating behaviors that lead to obesity, it must be shown that a relationship exists between genetic variation in taste receptor genes and psychophysical measures of taste in the absence high body mass index. The primary objective of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in taste receptor genes and 3 different psychophysical measures of taste in healthy young adults. Sweet, salt, umami, fat, sour, and bitter taste receptor gene SNPs were genotyped in 49 participants (ages 24.6 ± 0.6 years) who completed testing to determine oral detection threshold (DT), suprathreshold sensitivity (ST) and taste preference (PR). A simultaneous association test was conducted between each SNP and the 3 taste outcomes (DT, ST, and PR). Twelve SNPs were associated with at least one of the 3 taste outcomes. Associations were observed between SNPs in taste receptor genes and psychophysical measures of sweet, fat, umami, and salt taste. These results suggest that differences in interindividual psychophysical measures of tastes, namely DT, ST, and PR, may be partially attributed to genetic variation in taste receptor genes. Future studies are warranted to investigate if these findings have consequences for habitual dietary intake of foods that elicit these tastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Chamoun
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - Angel S Liu
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - Lisa M Duizer
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - Zeny Feng
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - Gerarda Darlington
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G2W1.
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Fan P, Zhao YM, Zhang D, Liao Y, Yang KQ, Tian T, Lou Y, Luo F, Ma WJ, Zhang HM, Song L, Cai J, Liu YX, Zhou XL. A Novel Frameshift Mutation of SCNN1G Causing Liddle Syndrome with Normokalemia. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:752-758. [PMID: 30977777 PMCID: PMC6636789 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liddle syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by single-gene mutations of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). It is characterized by early-onset hypertension, spontaneous hypokalemia and low plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations. In this study, we reported an LS pedigree with normokalemia resulting from a novel SCNN1G frameshift mutation. METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and eight family members for DNA extraction. Next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the SCNN1G mutation. Clinical examinations were used to comprehensively evaluate the phenotypes of two patients. RESULTS Genetic analysis identified a novel SCNN1G frameshift mutation, p.Arg586Valfs*598, in the proband with LS. This heterozygous frameshift mutation generated a premature stop codon and deleted the vital PY motif of ENaC. The same mutation was present in his elder brother with LS, and his mother without any LS symptoms. Biochemical examination showed normokalemia in the three mutation carriers. The mutation identified was not found in any other family members, 100 hypertensives, or 100 healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a novel SCNN1G frameshift mutation in a Chinese family with LS, expanding the genetic spectrum of SCNN1G. Genetic testing helped us identify LS with a pathogenic mutation when the genotypes and phenotype were not completely consistent because of the hypokalemia. This case emphasizes that once a proband is diagnosed with LS by genetic testing, family genetic sequencing is necessary for early diagnosis and intervention for other family members, to protect against severe cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhao
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Xin Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Genetic predisposition to salt-sensitive normotension and its effects on salt taste perception and intake. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:721-731. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSalt sensitivity is an independent CVD and mortality risk factor, which is present in both hypertensive and normotensive populations. It is genetically determined and it may affect the relationship between salt taste perception and salt intake. The aim of this study was to explore the genetic predisposition to salt sensitivity in a young and a middle-aged adult population and its effects on salt taste perception and salt intake. The effects of Na loading on blood pressure (BP) were investigated in twenty normotensive subjects and salt sensitivity defined as the change in BP after 7 d of low-Na (51·3 mmol Na/d) and 7 d of high-Na diet (307·8 mmol Na/d). Salt taste perception was identified using the British Standards Institution sensory analysis method (BS ISO 3972:2011). Salt intake was assessed with a validated FFQ. DNA was genotyped for SNP in the SLC4A5, SCNN1B and TRPV1 genes. The subjects with AA genotype of the SLC4A5 rs7571842 exhibited the highest increase in BP (∆ systolic BP=7·75 mmHg, P=0·002, d=2·4; ∆ diastolic BP=6·25 mmHg, P=0·044, d=1·3; ∆ mean arterial pressure=6·5 mmHg, P=0·014, d=1·7). The SLC4A5 rs10177833 was associated with salt intake (P=0·037), and there was an association between salt taste perception and salt sensitivity (rs 0·551, P=0·041). In conclusion, there is a genetic predisposition to salt sensitivity and it is associated with salt taste perception. The association between salt taste perception and discretionary salt use suggests that preference for salty taste may be a driver of salt intake in a healthy population and warrants further investigation.
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The Relationship between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes, Taste Function and Dietary Intake in Preschool-Aged Children and Adults in the Guelph Family Health Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080990. [PMID: 30060620 PMCID: PMC6115723 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste is a fundamental determinant of food selection, and inter-individual variations in taste perception may be important risk factors for poor eating habits and obesity. Characterizing differences in taste perception and their influences on dietary intake may lead to an improved understanding of obesity risk and a potential to develop personalized nutrition recommendations. This study explored associations between 93 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sweet, fat, bitter, salt, sour, and umami taste receptors and psychophysical measures of taste. Forty-four families from the Guelph Family Health Study participated, including 60 children and 65 adults. Saliva was collected for genetic analysis and parents completed a three-day food record for their children. Parents underwent a test for suprathreshold sensitivity (ST) and taste preference (PR) for sweet, fat, salt, umami, and sour as well as a phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste status test. Children underwent PR tests and a PTC taste status test. Analysis of SNPs and psychophysical measures of taste yielded 23 significant associations in parents and 11 in children. After adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing, the rs713598 in the TAS2R38 bitter taste receptor gene and rs236514 in the KCNJ2 sour taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with PTC ST and sour PR in parents, respectively. In children, rs173135 in KCNJ2 and rs4790522 in the TRPV1 salt taste-associated gene remained significantly associated with sour and salt taste PRs, respectively. A multiple trait analysis of PR and nutrient composition of diet in the children revealed that rs9701796 in the TAS1R2 sweet taste receptor gene was associated with both sweet PR and percent energy from added sugar in the diet. These findings provide evidence that for bitter, sour, salt, and sweet taste, certain genetic variants are associated with taste function and may be implicated in eating patterns. (Support was provided by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs).
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Association of Genetic Variation in the Epithelial Sodium Channel Gene with Urinary Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050612. [PMID: 29757959 PMCID: PMC5986492 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate whether genetic variation in the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is associated with 24-h urinary sodium excretion and blood pressure. A total of 3345 participants of the KoGES_Ansan and Ansung study were eligible for this study. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood and genotyped on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 5.0. Thirty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were extracted for gene regions (SCNN1A, SCNN1B, and SCNN1G) as additive components by using Plink. Twenty-four-hour sodium excretions were estimated from spot urine samples using the Tanaka formula. The general linear model (GLM) was applied to assess the association between SNPs and urinary sodium excretion or blood pressure. In the SCNN1G gene, six SNPs (rs4073291, rs12934362, rs7404408, rs4494543, rs5735, and rs6497657) were significantly different in 24-h urinary sodium excretion according to gene variants. However, no difference was found in blood pressure among participants with gene variants of ENaC. Our finding indicated that 24-h urinary sodium excretions were different according to variants of the SCNN1G gene in large samples. Further studies to replicate these findings are warranted.
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Hu Z, Liu F, Li M, He J, Huang J, Rao DC, Hixson JE, Gu C, Kelly TN, Chen S, Gu D, Yang X. Associations of Variants in the CACNA1A and CACNA1C Genes With Longitudinal Blood Pressure Changes and Hypertension Incidence: The GenSalt Study. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1301-1306. [PMID: 27418245 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the associations of voltage-dependent calcium-channel genes CACNA1A and CACNA1C with blood pressure (BP) changes and hypertension incidence in a longitudinal family study. METHODS A total of 1,768 Han Chinese participants from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) follow-up study were eligible for the current study. Nine BP measurements were obtained at baseline and each follow-up visit using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Mixed-effect models were used to assess additive associations of 176 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CACNA1A and CACNA1C with longitudinal BP changes and hypertension incidence. The truncated product method was used for gene-based analysis. The Bonferroni correction was used for adjustment of multiple testing. RESULTS During an average of 7.2 years of follow-up, 512 (32.1%) participants developed hypertension. CACNA1A SNP rs8182538 was significantly associated with longitudinal diastolic BP (DBP) change after Bonferroni correction ( Pinteraction = 9.90×10 -5 ), with mean DBP increases of 0.85, 1.03, and 1.19mm Hg per year for participants with genotypes C/C , C/T , and T/T , respectively. A similar trend was observed for the association of rs8182538 with systolic BP (SBP) change. In the gene-based analysis, CACNA1A and CACNA1C were significantly associated with DBP change ( P = 2.0×10 -5 ) and SBP change ( P = 1.4×10 -4 ) after Bonferroni correction, respectively. The gene-based associations remained significant after removing rs8182538 within CACNA1A and rs758116 within CACNA1C in sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that CACNA1A and CACNA1C might contribute to BP changes over time in Han Chinese population. Further replication of these findings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunsong Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - James E Hixson
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas School of Public Health , Houston, Texas , USA
| | - Charles Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri , USA
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana , USA
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China
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Ray EC, Chen J, Kelly TN, He J, Hamm LL, Gu D, Shimmin LC, Hixson JE, Rao DC, Sheng S, Kleyman TR. Human epithelial Na+ channel missense variants identified in the GenSalt study alter channel activity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F908-F914. [PMID: 27582106 PMCID: PMC5130461 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00426.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding subunits of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) can cause early onset familial hypertension, demonstrating the importance of this channel in modulating blood pressure. It remains unclear whether other genetic variants resulting in subtler alterations of channel function result in hypertension or altered sensitivity of blood pressure to dietary salt. This study sought to identify functional human ENaC variants to examine how these variants alter channel activity and to explore whether these variants are associated with altered sensitivity of blood pressure to dietary salt. Six-hundred participants of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt) study with salt-sensitive or salt-resistant blood pressure underwent sequencing of the genes encoding ENaC subunits. Functional effects of identified variants were examined in a Xenopus oocyte expression system. Variants that increased channel activity included three in the gene encoding the α-subunit (αS115N, αR476W, and αV481M), one in the β-subunit (βS635N), and one in the γ-subunit (γL438Q). One α-subunit variant (αA334T) and one γ-subunit variant (βD31N) decreased channel activity. Several α-subunit extracellular domain variants altered channel inhibition by extracellular Na+ (Na+ self-inhibition). One variant (αA334T) decreased and one (αV481M) increased cell surface expression. Association between these variants and salt sensitivity did not reach statistical significance. This study identifies novel functional human ENaC variants and demonstrates that some variants alter channel cell surface expression and/or Na+ self-inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Ray
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingxin Chen
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanika N Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - L Lee Hamm
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Population Genetics, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lawrence C Shimmin
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - James E Hixson
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Dabeeru C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shaohu Sheng
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Departments of Cell Biology and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Recent Advances in the Genetics of Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:561-581. [PMID: 27957710 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a silent killer worldwide, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Until now, genetic and genomic association studies of hypertension are reporting different degree of association on hypertension. Hence, it is essential to gather all the available information on the reported genetic loci and to determine if any biomarker(s) is/are significantly associated with hypertension. Current review concluded the potential biomarkers for hypertension, with regards to electrolyte and fluid transports, as well as sodium/potassium ions homeostasis, which are supported by the results of case-controls and meta-analyses.
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Control of ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron by Bradykinin. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015. [PMID: 25817868 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinins, such as Bradykinin (BK), are peptide hormones of the kallikrein-kinin system. Apart from being a vasodilator, BK also increases urinary sodium excretion to reduce systemic blood pressure. It is becoming appreciated that BK modulates function of the epithelial Na(+) channel in the distal part of the renal nephron to affect tubular sodium reabsorption. In this chapter, we outline the molecular details, as well as discuss the physiological relevance of this regulation for the whole organism sodium homeostasis and setting chronic blood pressure.
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Associations of epithelial sodium channel genes with blood pressure: the GenSalt study. J Hum Hypertens 2014; 29:224-8. [PMID: 25231509 PMCID: PMC4357546 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate associations of SCNN1A, SCNN1G and SCNN1B genes with blood pressure (BP) in Han Chinese population, we included 2 880 participants did not use antihypertensive medication in the month prior to the baseline survey in the current analysis. Forty-four tag-SNPs in epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) genes were selected and genotyped and nine BP measurements were obtained during 3-day examination. In single-marker analyses, we identified significant associations of SCNN1A marker rs13306613 with diastolic BP (DBP) and SCNN1B marker rs12447134 with systolic BP (SBP) under codominant model after Bonferroni correction (P= 2.82×10−5 and 4.63×10−4, respectively). In addition, 5 SNPs in SCNN1G and 4 SNPs in SCNN1B achieved nominal significance for SBP, DBP or mean arterial pressure (MAP) under the additive model. For example, the minor C allele of rs5735 in SCNN1G gene was associated with decreased SBP, DBP and MAP (P=0.016, 5.41×10−3, and 4.36×10−3, respectively). Gene-based results showed significant associations of SCNN1G and SCNN1Bwith BP levels. This study suggested that ENaC genes play important roles in BP regulation in the Han Chinese population. Future studies are warranted to replicate these findings and functional studies are needed to identify true causal variants in ENaC genes.
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