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Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Tuncturk M, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Skime M, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum R. Molecular mechanisms involved in alcohol craving, IRF3, and endoplasmic reticulum stress: a multi-omics study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38531832 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most prevalent substance use disorder worldwide. Acamprosate and naltrexone are anti-craving drugs used in AUD pharmacotherapy. However, molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-craving effect remain unclear. This study utilized a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based model system and anti-craving drugs that are used to treat AUD as "molecular probes" to identify possible mechanisms associated with alcohol craving. We examined the pathophysiology of craving and anti-craving drugs by performing functional genomics studies using iPSC-derived astrocytes and next-generation sequencing. Specifically, RNA sequencing performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with extreme values for alcohol craving intensity prior to treatment showed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with alcohol cravings. We then performed a genome-wide assessment of chromatin accessibility and gene expression profiles of induced iPSC-derived astrocytes in response to ethanol or anti-craving drugs. Those experiments identified drug-dependent epigenomic signatures, with IRF3 as the most significantly enriched motif in chromatin accessible regions. Furthermore, the activation of IRF3 was associated with ethanol-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which could be attenuated by anti-craving drugs, suggesting that ER stress attenuation might be a target for anti-craving agents. In conclusion, we found that craving intensity was associated with alcohol consumption and treatment outcomes. Our functional genomic studies suggest possible relationships among craving, ER stress, IRF3 and the actions of anti-craving drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mustafa Tuncturk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Brandon J Coombes
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tyler S Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Victor M Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Ho MF, Zhang C, Moon I, Coombes BJ, Biernacka J, Skime M, Choi DS, Croarkin PE, Frye MA, Ngo Q, Skillon C, Oesterle TS, Karpyak VM, Li H, Weinshilboum RM. Plasma TNFSF10 levels associated with acamprosate treatment response in patients with alcohol use disorder. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:986238. [PMID: 36120372 PMCID: PMC9475292 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.986238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acamprosate is an anti-craving drug used in alcohol use disorder (AUD) pharmacotherapy. However, only a subset of patients achieves optimal treatment outcomes. The identification of predictive biomarkers of acamprosate treatment response in patients with AUD would be a substantial advance in addiction medicine. We designed this study to use proteomics data as a quantitative biological trait as a step toward identifying inflammatory modulators that might be associated with acamprosate treatment outcomes. The NIAAA-funded Mayo Clinic Center for the Individualized Treatment of Alcoholism study had previously recruited 442 AUD patients who received 3 months of acamprosate treatment. However, only 267 subjects returned for the 3-month follow-up visit and, as a result, had treatment outcome information available. Baseline alcohol craving intensity was the most significant predictor of acamprosate treatment outcomes. We performed plasma proteomics using the Olink target 96 inflammation panel and identified that baseline plasma TNF superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10) concentration was associated with alcohol craving intensity and variation in acamprosate treatment outcomes among AUD patients. We also performed RNA sequencing using baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AUD patients with known acamprosate treatment outcomes which revealed that inflammation-related pathways were highly associated with relapse to alcohol use during the 3 months of acamprosate treatment. These observations represent an important step toward advancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of AUD and molecular mechanisms associated with acamprosate treatment response. In conclusion, applying omics-based approaches may be a practical approach for identifying biologic markers that could potentially predict alcohol craving intensity and acamprosate treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Irene Moon
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Joanna Biernacka
- Division of Computational Biology, Quantitative Health Sciences, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michelle Skime
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul E. Croarkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Quyen Ngo
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Cedric Skillon
- Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Mayo Clinic, Center City, MN, United States
| | - Tyler S. Oesterle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Richard M. Weinshilboum
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Antonescu IE, Rasmussen KF, Neuhoff S, Fretté X, Karlgren M, Bergström CAS, Nielsen CU, Steffansen B. The Permeation of Acamprosate Is Predominantly Caused by Paracellular Diffusion across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers: A Paracellular Modeling Approach. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4636-4650. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Karlgren
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Sternberg Z, Cesario A, Rittenhouse-Olson K, Sobel RA, Leung YK, Pankewycz O, Zhu B, Whitcomb T, Sternberg DS, Munschauer FE. Acamprosate modulates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Inflammopharmacology 2011; 20:39-48. [PMID: 22090150 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-011-0097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to determine the efficacy of acamprosate (N-acetyl homotaurine) in reducing the pathological features of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which is an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND The amino acid taurine has multiple biological activities including immunomodulation and neuromodulation. The synthetic acetylated taurine derivative, acamprosate, which crosses the blood-brain barrier more readily compared to taurine, is currently being used for the prevention of alcohol withdrawal symptoms associated with enhanced glutamatergic receptor function and GABA receptor hypofunction. METHODS EAE was induced in C57BL/6 female mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glyocoprotein, amino acid 35-55. Mice were treated with 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg acamprosate for 21 days. RESULTS Neurological scores at disease peak were reduced by 21, 64 and 9% in the 20, 100 and 500 mg/kg groups, respectively. Neurological improvement in the 100 mg/kg group correlated with a reduction in numbers of inflammatory lesions and the extent of CNS demyelination. Blood TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the 500 mg/kg group. DISCUSSION Acamprosate and other taurine analogs have a potential for future MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sternberg
- Department of Neurology, Baird MS Center, Jacobs Neurological Institute, 100 High Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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Rhee YS, Park S, Lee TW, Park CW, Nam TY, Oh TO, Jeon JW, Lee DS, Park ES. Investigation of the relationship between in vitro and in vivo release behaviors of acamprosate from enteric-coated tablets. Arch Pharm Res 2008; 31:798-804. [PMID: 18563364 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-001-1229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acamprosate calcium is a highly soluble drug with low permeability that is used to maintain abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between in vitro and in vivo behaviors of acamprosate from enteric-coated tablets. The in vitro release behavior of acamprosate tablets in pH 6.8 buffer solution was determined in three dissolution conditions, 50 and 150 rpm (paddle method) and 180 rpm (basket method). The results of this in vitro experiment indicated that acamprosate tablets hardly disintegrated, and drug dissolution was retarded despite the extremely hydrophilic nature of the drug. A single dose (333 mgx2 tablets) of each formulation was orally administered to four beagle dogs under fasting conditions, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The mean AUC0-48, Cmax, Tlag and Tmax for the two types of tablets ranged from 41.5-53.6 microg.h/mL, 4.3-4.5 microg/mL, 2.0-2.5 h and 3.8-4.0 h, respectively. In conclusion, it is suggested that retarded drug release from the tablets and the low drug permeability may result in poor absorption and erratic bioavailability of this drug in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seok Rhee
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
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6
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Zornoza T, Cano-Cebrián MJ, Nalda-Molina R, Guerri C, Granero L, Polache A. Assessment and modulation of acamprosate intestinal absorption: comparative studies using in situ, in vitro (CACO-2 cell monolayers) and in vivo models. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 22:347-56. [PMID: 15265504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the intestinal absorption mechanism of acamprosate and to attempt to improve the bioavailability (BA) of the drug through modulation of its intestinal absorption using two enhancers (polysorbate 80 and sodium caprate) based on in situ, in vitro and in vivo models and comparing the results obtained. Intestinal transport of the drug, in the absence and in presence of polysorbate 80 (0.06, 0.28 and 9.6 mM) or sodium caprate (13 and 16 mM) was measured by using an in situ rat gut technique and Caco-2 cell monolayers. Additionally, the effect of sodium caprate on drug oral bioavailability, measured as urinary recovery, was quantified by performing in vivo experiments with the rat as animal model. Only sodium caprate was able to increase the absorption rate constant (ka) of acamprosate in the mid-intestine of the rats from 0.29 +/- 0.07 h-1 in the absence of the promoter to 0.51 +/- 0.19 h-1 in the presence of C10 16 mM, along with the apparent permeability (Papp) obtained in Caco-2 cells (around two-fold). However, the drug bioavailability in rats (around 20%) did not improve in the presence of any of the concentrations tested (13, 16 and 50 mM). It is concluded that acamprosate absorption likely occurs via paracellular pathway and can be enhanced by sodium caprate in situ and in vitro but not in vivo-thus suggesting that although in situ and in vitro studies could be useful in early screening to select a potential promoter, in vivo studies in animal models are necessary to confirm the utility of the enhancer and to determine the influence of physiological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Zornoza
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
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Stinus L, Cador M, Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. Buprenorphine and a CRF1 antagonist block the acquisition of opiate withdrawal-induced conditioned place aversion in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30:90-8. [PMID: 15138444 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Conditioned place aversion in rats has face validity as a measure of the aversive stimulus effects of opiate withdrawal that reflects an important motivational component of opiate dependence. The purpose of the present study was to validate conditioned place aversion as sensitive to medications that will alleviate the aversive stimulus effects of opiate withdrawal in humans, and to extend this model to the exploration of the neuropharmacological basis of the motivational effects of opiate withdrawal. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with two subcutaneous morphine pellets and 5 days later began place conditioning training following subcutaneous administration of a low dose of naloxone. Animals were subjected to three pairings of a low dose of naloxone (15 microg/kg, s.c.) to one arm of a three-chambered place conditioning apparatus. Buprenorphine administered prior to each pairing dose-dependently blocked the place aversion produced by precipitated opiate withdrawal. A corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF1) receptor antagonist (antalarmin) also reversed the place aversion produced by precipitated opiate withdrawal. Antalarmin did not produce a place preference or place aversion by itself in morphine-dependent rats. No effect was observed with pretreatment of the dopamine partial agonist terguride or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Also, chronic pretreatment with acamprosate (a glutamate receptor modulator used to prevent relapse in alcohol dependence) did not alter naloxone-induced place aversion. Buprenorphine by itself in dependent rats produced a mild place preference at low doses and a mild place aversion at higher doses. These results suggest that buprenorphine blocks the aversive stimulus effects of precipitated opiate withdrawal in rats and provides some validity for the use of place conditioning as a measure that is sensitive to potential opiate-dependence medications. In addition, these results suggest that CRF1 antagonists can block the aversive stimulus effects of opiate withdrawal and may be potential therapeutic targets for opiate dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Stinus
- Laboratoire de Neuropsychobiologie des Desadaptations, Universite de Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, Cedex, France.
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Anderson CMH, Grenade DS, Boll M, Foltz M, Wake KA, Kennedy DJ, Munck LK, Miyauchi S, Taylor PM, Campbell FC, Munck BG, Daniel H, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. H+/amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1) is the imino acid carrier: An intestinal nutrient/drug transporter in human and rat. Gastroenterology 2004; 127:1410-22. [PMID: 15521011 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Amino acid (and related drug) absorption across the human small intestinal wall is an essential intestinal function. Despite the revelation of a number of mammalian genomes, the molecular identity of the classic Na(+)-dependent imino acid transporter (identified functionally in the 1960s) remains elusive. The aims of this study were to determine whether the recently isolated complementary DNA hPAT1 (human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1), or solute carrier SLC36A1, represents the imino acid carrier; the Na(+) -dependent imino acid transport function measured at the brush-border membrane of intact intestinal epithelia results from a close functional relationship between human proton-coupled amino acid transporter-1 and N(+) /H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3). METHODS PAT1 function was measured in isolation ( Xenopus laevis oocytes) and in intact epithelia (Caco-2 cell monolayers and rat small intestine) by measurement of amino acid and/or H(+) influx. Tissue and membrane expression of PAT1 were determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PAT1-specific immunofluorescence was localized exclusively to the luminal membrane of Caco-2 cells and human and rat small intestine. The substrate specificity of hPAT1 is identical to that of the imino acid carrier. In intact epithelia, PAT1-mediated amino acid influx is reduced under conditions in which NHE3 is inactive. CONCLUSIONS The identification in intact epithelia of a cooperative functional relationship between PAT1 (H(+) /amino acid symport) and NHE3 (N(+) /H(+) exchange) explains the apparent Na + dependence of the imino acid carrier in studies with mammalian intestine. hPAT1 is the high-capacity imino acid carrier localized at the small intestinal luminal membrane that transports nutrients (imino/amino acids) and orally active neuromodulatory agents (used to treat affective disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona M H Anderson
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, nUniversity of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcasttle Upon Tyne, UK
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Abstract
In the last years important advances have been made in the development of drugs for the treatment of alcohol addiction. Acamprosate (calcium bis-acetylhomotaurine) is one of the better established drugs in this field on the European market. This review focuses first on the pharmacokinetics of acamprosate. The published data and the recent advances in our knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the intestinal absorption and elimination of this drug are summarized. The importance of pharmacokinetics for the proper clinical use of acamprosate is highlighted. The anti-relapse as well as the well-known effects of acamprosate on ethanol intake are discussed. The recent experiments in animal models of conditioned withdrawal are reviewed. These experiments, explored for the first time the anticraving effect of the drug. Finally, the proposed hypotheses on the neuropharmacological mechanism of action of acamprosate are discussed. The discussion deals with the relative importance of various hypotheses as well as with the recent experiments that support them. It is pointed out that further research is necessary in order to clearly understand the mode of action of acamprosate as well as the neurobiological mechanisms involved in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodoro Zornoza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - María J. Cano
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Polache
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Granero
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
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Condomina J, Zornoza-Sabina T, Granero L, Polache A. Kinetics of zinc transport in vitro in rat small intestine and colon: interaction with copper. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002; 16:289-95. [PMID: 12208459 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to investigate the kinetic transport of zinc, in the intact intestine of the rat, in order to establish if more than one transporter is involved as well as the existence of a preferent sector in the cation uptake. Using an in vitro technique, the influx of zinc across the brush border membrane in three sectors of the small intestine (proximal, mid and distal) and in the colon of the rat was measured at six different concentrations (from 0.0007 to 11 mM). The kinetic study showed that intestinal transport of zinc occurs by a saturable process in the small intestine. The K(m) value obtained in the proximal segment (10.78+/-4.40 mM) is clearly higher than those obtained in the mid and distal segments (1.94+/-0.39 and 3.04+/-0.44 mM, respectively). The same occurs with the J(max) values. These results seem to indicate that more than one transporter may be implicated in zinc transport. In colon the most probable mechanism is non-saturable diffusion, the diffusive permeability, P, being 2.95.10(-7)+/-0.43.10(-7) cm/h. The statistical comparison of the fluxes indicated that, on the whole, there is not a well defined preferent sector in zinc transport. Additionally, the influence of copper on zinc transport, in three sectors of the small intestine, has been evaluated quantifying the influx of zinc at 0.037 mM in the absence and presence of three different concentrations of copper. The results showed that copper significantly reduced the influx of zinc, in the three sectors studied, in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Condomina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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