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Wang X, Peng P, Liu Y, Yang WF, Chen S, Wang Y, Yang Q, Li M, Wang Y, Hao Y, He L, Wang Q, Zhang J, Ma Y, He H, Zhou Y, Long J, Qi C, Tang YY, Liao Y, Tang J, Wu Q, Liu T. Gender differences in alcohol abuse/dependence among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period (October 20, 2020-April 5, 2021) in China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:753. [PMID: 37845643 PMCID: PMC10577989 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the gender-specific risk factors of alcohol abuse/dependence among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period in China. METHOD The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) was used to identify respondents with alcohol abuse/dependence. A questionnaire on basic demographics and mental distresses (learning burnout, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness, and history of mental disorders) was used. The logistic regression model was used to explore the associations between the above characteristics and alcohol abuse/dependence. RESULTS A total of 3,412 medical undergraduates were included in the analysis. Males showed a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence than females (16.6% vs 7.4%, p < 0.001). Alcohol abuse/dependence was associated with learning burnout (OR: 2.168, p < 0.001) and having a partner (OR: 1.788 p = 0.001) among female medical undergraduates. Among male medical undergraduates, excessive daytime sleepiness (OR: 1.788 p = 0.001) and older age (OR: 1.788, p = 0.001) were independently associated with alcohol abuse/dependence. CONCLUSION Alcohol abuse/dependence was common among medical undergraduates during the post-COVID‑19 pandemic period. Substantial gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of alcohol abuse/dependence were found among medical undergraduates in this study, which highlighted the need for timely gender-specific screening and interventions. However, the cross-sectional design adopted in this study has limited the examination of causality, thus further longitudinal studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Winson Fuzun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shubao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haoyu He
- Department of Psychology, College of Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (Hunan Second People's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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André J, Diouf M, Martinetti MP, Ortelli O, Gierski F, Fürst F, Pierrefiche O, Naassila M. A new statistical model for binge drinking pattern classification in college-student populations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134118. [PMID: 37529316 PMCID: PMC10390312 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Binge drinking (BD) among students is a frequent alcohol consumption pattern that produces adverse consequences. A widely discussed difficulty in the scientific community is defining and characterizing BD patterns. This study aimed to find homogenous drinking groups and then provide a new tool, based on a model that includes several key factors of BD, to assess the severity of BD regardless of the individual's gender. Methods Using the learning sample (N1 = 1,271), a K-means clustering algorithm and a partial proportional odds model (PPOM) were used to isolate drinking and behavioral key factors, create homogenous groups of drinkers, and estimate the probability of belonging to these groups. Robustness of our findings were evaluated with Two validations samples (N2 = 2,310, N3 = 120) of French university students (aged 18-25 years) were anonymously investigated via demographic and alcohol consumption questionnaires (AUDIT, AUQ, Alcohol Purchase Task for behavioral economic indices). Results The K-means revealed four homogeneous groups, based on drinking profiles: low-risk, hazardous, binge, and high-intensity BD. The PPOM generated the probability of each participant, self-identified as either male or female, to belong to one of these groups. Our results were confirmed in two validation samples, and we observed differences between the 4 drinking groups in terms of consumption consequences and behavioral economic demand indices. Conclusion Our model reveals a progressive severity in the drinking pattern and its consequences and may better characterize binge drinking among university student samples. This model provides a new tool for assessing the severity of binge drinking and illustrates that frequency of drinking behavior and particularly drunkenness are central features of a binge drinking model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith André
- INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l’alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, GRAP, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Momar Diouf
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical Research Department, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Margaret P. Martinetti
- INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l’alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, GRAP, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States
| | - Olivia Ortelli
- Department of Psychology, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States
| | - Fabien Gierski
- INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l’alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, GRAP, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Cognition, Health, Society Laboratory (C2S – EA 6291), University of Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire A2M2P, Améliore le Pronostic des Troubles Addictifs et Mentaux par une Médecine Personnalisée, Paris, France
- GDR CNRS 3557 Psychiatrie-Addictions, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Fürst
- Laboratoire MIS (Modélisation, Information et Système) UR 4290, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Olivier Pierrefiche
- INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l’alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, GRAP, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mickael Naassila
- INSERM UMR 1247, Groupe de Recherche sur l’alcool et les Pharmacodépendances, GRAP, Université Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire A2M2P, Améliore le Pronostic des Troubles Addictifs et Mentaux par une Médecine Personnalisée, Paris, France
- GDR CNRS 3557 Psychiatrie-Addictions, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France
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Nguyen TTH, Sendall MC, White KM, Young RM. Changes in alcohol-related perceptions and behavior among Vietnamese early career doctors after graduation. Work 2022; 74:1015-1026. [PMID: 36463472 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vietnamese medical students believe becoming “strong” drinkers is important for their future careers working as doctors. However, it is unclear if this is a temporary behaviour associated with life as a student, or a phenomenon associated with the transition to working as a medical practitioner. OBJECTIVE: This study explored changes in alcohol-related perceptions and behaviour among Vietnamese early career doctors working after graduation. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 Vietnamese early career doctors in Hanoi city. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data. RESULTS: Vietnamese early career doctors perceived binge drinking as common among doctors, especially male doctors, surgeons, and preventive medicine doctors. This perception was different from when they were medical students because, at that time, they believed doctors would not drink alcohol at hazardous levels. Additionally, Vietnamese early career doctors’ drinking behaviour changed in the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption after graduation due to peer pressure, job stress, working collaborations, and working environment. CONCLUSIONS: Vietnamese early career doctors changed their alcohol-related perceptions and behaviour after graduation. Gender, mental health (stress), factors related to the working environment, and the role of professional relationships should be considered in strategies to reduce risky alcohol consumption among Vietnamese early career doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marguerite C. Sendall
- Health Promotion, Qatar University, Dohar, Qatar; School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine M. White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ross McD Young
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Jamieson Trauma Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital (RBWH), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Thiebaud PC, Martin C, Naouri D, Le Joncour A, Truchot J, Yordanov Y. Alcohol consumption among French physicians: A cross-sectional study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108356. [PMID: 33342514 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding French physicians' alcohol behaviours are scarce and most studies address this issue within the population of either medical students or residents. We aim to describe and assess the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among French physicians. METHODS A regional, cross-sectional, survey was conducted in 2018 using an online questionnaire among Parisian general practitioners and hospital doctors. Hazardous alcohol consumption was defined by an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score ≥ 8. Data were analysed in 2020. RESULTS Five hundred fifteen physicians completed the survey: 108 general practitioners and 407 hospital physicians. The median age was 40 years [32-55] and 59 % were women. They considered their physical and mental health as average or bad in 10 % and 8% of cases, respectively. The prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption was 12.6 %. Among the 65 physicians with hazardous alcohol consumption, 27 (41.5 %) did not considered it as risky and four (6.2 %) mentioned a potentially negative impact on patients' care. Factors independently associated with hazardous alcohol consumption were illegal drugs consumption (OR 4.62 [2.05-10.37]) and fixed term contract for hospital doctors (OR 2.69 [1.14-6.36]). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among French physicians was 12.6 %. Illegal substance users and fix-termed contract hospital doctors were more likely to have risky alcohol consumption. A large-scale national study would confirm the factors associated with hazardous alcohol consumption and could explore the efficacy of preventive measures to insure the safety and health of physicians and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Clément Thiebaud
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Paris, France.
| | - Camille Martin
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Paris, France
| | - Diane Naouri
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Le Joncour
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, Centre national de référence Maladies Autoimmunes et Systémiques rares et Maladies Autoinflammatoires rares, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Immunologie-Immunopathologie-Immunotherapie (I3), UMR S 959, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Truchot
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin Hôtel-Dieu, Service d'Accueil des Urgences et Service Mobile d'Urgence et de Réanimation, Paris, France
| | - Youri Yordanov
- Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, UMR-S 1136, Paris, France
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The Reliability and Compatibility of the Paper and Electronic Versions of the POLLEK Cohort Study Questionnaire. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:healthcare8040438. [PMID: 33137886 PMCID: PMC7711888 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic fatigue, depression, burnout syndrome, and alcohol addiction have been identified as significant mental health problems in young medical doctors. Given the lack of prospective studies in this area in Poland, the POLski LEKarz (POLLEK) cohort study was created. The goal of the POLLEK study is to assess the quality of life and health status (including mental health) of medical students and young physicians. The aim of the presented paper was to assess the reliability and compatibility of paper and electronic versions of the POLLEK questionnaire. Methods: Between 1 October 2019 and 28 February 2020, all medical students (N = 638) of the first year in the Medical University of Silesia were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Three hundred and fifty-three students (55.3%) who accomplished both versions were included in the current analysis. Results: Values of Cronbach’s alpha >0.7 proved both modes of delivery to have good internal consistency, except for the individual Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) domains and the Environmental domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (paper version). Similarly, interclass correlation coefficients equal to or greater than 0.9 denoted an excellent reproducibility. Conclusions: We documented very good accordance and reproducibility of POLLEK questionnaire (both paper and electronic versions). These findings legitimize the use of the questionnaire interchangeably.
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Ruud N, Løvseth LT, Isaksson Ro K, Tyssen R. Comparing mental distress and help-seeking among first-year medical students in Norway: results of two cross-sectional surveys 20 years apart. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036968. [PMID: 32801199 PMCID: PMC7430411 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate any changes in mental distress levels over 20 years among medical students, as well as the clinical importance of these changes. DESIGN Two cross-sectional surveys 20 years apart. SETTING The surveys were performed at two Norwegian medical faculties in 1993 and 2015. PARTICIPANTS One hundred and seventy-four first-year medical students in 1993 were compared with 169 students in 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mental distress (Hopkins Symptom Checklist 5) and Mental Health Problems in Need of Treatment. RESULTS Mental distress increased from 1993 to 2015 (p<0.001) due to a larger increase among female students, which seemed to be of clinical importance (Cohen's d=0.63). There was a significant gender difference in mental distress in 2015 (p=0.007), but not in 1993. Independent factors associated with mental distress in 2015 were female sex (p<0.001), low perceived social support from parents (p=0.023) and low perceived social support from other friends (p=0.048). Additional analyses showed that social support from friends was more important for female students than for their male peers. From 1993 to 2015, there was no significant increase in the proportion of female students reporting previous mental health problems in need of treatment (21.3% vs 27.8%), but we found a significant increase in help-seeking among those in need of treatment over these years from 30.0% (6/20) to 74.3% (26/35; p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS We found a significant increase in mental distress among female medical students over the past 20 years, but also a promising increase in help-seeking among those in need of treatment. The strong and important association between low social support and mental distress should urge both universities and students to maintain students' social life after entering medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Ruud
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tevik Løvseth
- Department of Research and Development, Department of Psychiatry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Reidar Tyssen
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Prevalence, Incidence, and Factors Associated With Substance Use Among Medical Students: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study. J Addict Med 2020; 13:295-299. [PMID: 30601334 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although there are a number of studies about substance use by medical students, the majority are still cross-sectional. We aimed to investigate prevalence, 2-year incidence, and factors associated with substance use during medical training. METHODS This longitudinal study included medical students in 4 different waves (with each wave equaling 1 semester). Socio-demographic data, Duke Religion Index (DUREL), DASS-21, and the "Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test" (ASSIST) were used. RESULTS A total of 327 (56.2%) medical students were followed for 2 years. Prevalence of lifetime substance use was 89.9% for alcohol, 34.5% for cannabis, and 17.1% for sedatives. Tobacco had the greatest incidence of use over the 2 years (16.4%), followed by alcohol (13.8%) and cannabis (13.8%). At least 24% of the students would need an intervention for alcohol use, 11.4% for tobacco, and 6.5% for cannabis. Alcohol use during wave 4 was associated with organizational religiosity, and alcohol and tobacco use at the baseline; tobacco use during wave 4 was associated with age, non-organizational religiosity, and cannabis and tobacco use at the baseline; and cannabis use during wave 4 was associated with cannabis and tobacco use at the baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate an increase in the incidence of lifetime substance use during medical training. Prior use of substance was associated with a higher chance of use after 2 years, while age and religiousness seem to reduce the chance of use.
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Yoo HH, Cha SW, Lee SY. Patterns of Alcohol Consumption and Drinking Motives Among Korean Medical Students. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e921613. [PMID: 32315293 PMCID: PMC7191952 DOI: 10.12659/msm.921613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians who have healthy lifestyles can provide quality healthcare to their patients and keep themselves healthy. There is little data on the prevalence of drinking behaviors and problems among East Asian medical students. Here, we explored alcohol use and drinking motives among medical students in Korea. MATERIAL AND METHODS A questionnaire-based, multicenter, cross-sectional study was carried out in 323 students from 5 medical colleges in Korea between July and October 2016. We used the Korean version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire that included demographic characteristics, smoking status, consumption of alcohol, and drinking motives. RESULTS The mean AUDIT score was 9.8±7.5 for males and 6.3±5.4 for females. Heavy drinking (75.9%) and binge drinking (56.0%) were very high among Korean medical students. Female medical students drank as much as male students, and much more than other women. The probability that a student would be a binge drinker was 2.72 times higher for a smoker than a non-smoker. The scores for drinking frequency, alcohol intake at one time, heavy drinking, binge drinking, and alcohol dependence symptoms were highest in the group who had "enhancement drinking motives". CONCLUSIONS Heavy drinking and binge drinking are common among both male and female medical students in Korea and this behavior is associated with smoking and enhancement drinking motives. Medical schools should consider implementing effective interventions to prevent and reduce problem drinking among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Hyun Yoo
- Department of Medical Education, Chonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Cha
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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Mahmood JI, Grotmol KS, Tesli M, Moum T, Andreassen O, Tyssen R. Life satisfaction in Norwegian medical doctors: a 15-year longitudinal study of work-related predictors. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:729. [PMID: 31640717 PMCID: PMC6805390 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4599-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite many recent studies on burn-out and dissatisfaction among American medical doctors, less is known about doctors in the Scandinavian public health service. The aims of this study were to analyse long-term work-related predictors of life satisfaction among established doctors in Norway and to identify predictors in a subgroup of doctors who reported a decline in life satisfaction. METHODS Two nationwide cohorts of doctors (n = 1052), who graduated medical school 6 years apart, were surveyed at graduation from medical school (T1, 1993/94 and 1999), and 4 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. Work-related predictors of life satisfaction (three items) obtained at T2 to T4 were analysed. Individual and lifestyle confounders were controlled for using mixed-models repeated-measures analyses, and logistic regression analyses were applied to identify predictors of the decrease in life satisfaction. RESULTS Ninety per cent (947/1052) responded at least once, and 42% (450/1052) responded at all four times. Work-related predictors of higher life satisfaction in the adjusted model were work-home stress (β = - 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = - 0.25 to - 0.16, p < 0.001), perceived job demands (β = - 0.10, CI = - 0.15 to - 0.05, p < 0.001), and colleague support (β = 0.05, CI = 0.04 to 0.07, p < 0.001). The new adjusted individual predictors that we identified included female gender, reality weakness trait, and problematic drinking behaviour. Neuroticism trait and low colleague support predicted a decrease in life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Work-home stress, perceived job demands, and colleague support were the most important predictors of life satisfaction related to doctors' work. When personality traits were controlled for, female doctors were more satisfied with their life than male doctors. These findings suggest that improving work-related factors with targeted interventions, including a supportive work environment, may increase life satisfaction among doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal Mahmood
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO. Box 1111 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Støen Grotmol
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO. Box 1111 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway.,Regional Advisory Unit on Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Tesli
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Moum
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO. Box 1111 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Tyssen
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PO. Box 1111 Blindern, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
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Sletta C, Tyssen R, Løvseth LT. Change in subjective well-being over 20 years at two Norwegian medical schools and factors linked to well-being today: a survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 30717727 PMCID: PMC6360750 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of studies on factors in the curriculum, study environment and individual differences that can promote well-being among medical students as a response to the frequent reports on the negative health effects of study demands among medical students worldwide. OBJECTIVE This study investigates differences in well-being among today's Norwegian medical students compared with students 20 years ago, the most important predictors of well-being today, and whether there have been any changes in the levels of some of these factors since the period analysed. METHODS We analysed cross-sectional survey data among all medical students (63.9%, N = 1044/1635) at two medical faculties with different curriculums (traditional and integrated) in Norway in 2015 (STUDMED 2015). We used comparison data from a longitudinal survey among medical students from the same medical faculties in 1993 to 1999: the NORDOC project (T1 = 89%, T2 = 72% and T3 = 68%). Differences in subjective well-being and correlates by demographic, curriculum, and study environment factors among the present students were tested by t-tests and stepwise linear regression analysis. RESULTS Students today scored lower on their levels of subjective well-being than students 20 years ago. The difference was found among female and males in different study stages. The final model showed that subjective well-being today was associated with self-esteem (β = .98, p < .001) and social support from medical school friends (β = .22, p < .001), a partner (β = .08, p = .020) or other family members (β = .04, p = .041), as well as perception of medical curriculum and environment (β = -.38, p < .001), personal competence (β = -.40, p < .001), finance/accommodation (β = -.22, p < .001) and perceived exam stress (β = -.26, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The results show a decrease in subjective well-being among medical students and, in particular, among female students. The faculties should pay attention to the factors identified in the study environment and curriculum associated with subjective well-being in order to promote their student's well-being and stimulate health and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sletta
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Reidar Tyssen
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medicine Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Tevik Løvseth
- Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Trondheim University Hospital, Postbox 3250 Torgarden, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway
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Factors influencing doctors' counselling on patients' lifestyle habits: a cohort study. BJGP Open 2018; 2:bjgpopen18X101607. [PMID: 30564740 PMCID: PMC6202006 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpopen18x101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle changes are important for prevention and treatment of many common diseases, and doctors have an important role in the lifestyle counselling of patients. It is important to know more about factors influencing lifestyle counselling. Aim To investigate the frequency of counselling about physical activity compared to that about alcohol habits; the impact of doctors' own physical activity and alcohol habits on patient counselling about these lifestyle dimensions; and whether perceived mastery of clinical work or vulnerable personality have a confounding or moderating effect on these associations. Design & setting In this nationwide cohort survey, a total of 978 doctors in Norway were surveyed by postal questionnaires in 1993/94 and 2014. The response rate was 562/978 (57%). Method The outcome variables were questions on frequency of asking about alcohol and exercise habits. Explanatory variables were questions on doctors' own exercise habits, drinking habits (using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]), perceived mastery of clinical work, vulnerable personality, and specialty. Associations were studied by linear regression analysis. Results Of the 526 responders, 307 (58%) reported asking usually/often about exercise habits, while n = 140/524 (27%) usually/often asked about alcohol habits. A doctor's own physical activity level was associated with frequency of asking about physical activity (unstandardised regression coefficient [B] = 0.07; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.01 to 0.13). There were no significant associations between doctors' own lifestyle habits and counselling on alcohol habits. Doctors with low levels of vulnerability asked more frequently about physical activity, regardless of their own physical activity habits (F = 2.41, P = 0.048). Conclusion Doctors' own lifestyles influenced their preventive counselling about physical activity, but not about alcohol. Vulnerability moderated these effects, indicating the importance of early interventions to help doctors with a vulnerable personality to handle negative criticism from patients.
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Belfrage A, Grotmol KS, Tyssen R, Moum T, Lien L. Factors associated with low vs increased perceived mastery of clinical work over ten years of practice: a prospective study of Norwegian doctors. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:116. [PMID: 29843695 PMCID: PMC5975549 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher sense of mastery of doctors' clinical work could benefit not only their own mental health but also their work performance and patient care. However, we know little about factors associated with perceived mastery of clinical work among physicians. Our aim was therefore to study characteristics of those with stable low levels and of those with increased levels of mastery over a period of ten years of medical practice. METHODS N = 631 doctors were surveyed in their final year of medical school in 1993/94 (T1) and 10 (T2), 15 (T3) and 20 (T4) years later. Low and increased perceived mastery of clinical work were measured between T2, T3 and T4. Response rates for all items measuring low and increased mastery were 238/522 (46%) and 256/522 (49%) respectively. The following explanatory variables were included: demographics, medical school factors, personality and contextual work-related and non-work-related factors. RESULTS N = 73 (31%) of the doctors reported stable low mastery from T2 to T4. The following variables were significantly associated with low mastery in the adjusted analyses: vulnerability (OR: 1.30, P < .000, CI: 1.12 to 1.50), drinking alcohol to cope with stress during medical school (OR: 2.66, P = .04, CI: 1.03 to 6.85) and social support (OR: 0.78, P = .002, CI: 0.66 to 0.91). N = 39 (15%) reported increased mastery during the ten-year period from T2 to T4. Perceived job demands (OR: 0.66, P = .02, CI: 0.45 to 0.98) and taking up a leading position (OR: 3.04, P = .01, CI: 1.31 to 7.07) were associated with increased mastery after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Stable low sense of mastery over time is associated with having a vulnerable personality, a history of having used alcohol to cope with stress during medical school and lack of contemporary social support. Conversely, increased sense of mastery is associated with taking up a leading position and having the perception that job demands are decreasing over time. These findings indicate that perceived mastery of clinical work may not be a trait, but a state modifiable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Belfrage
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1111 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Støen Grotmol
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1111 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre of Excellence in Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Tyssen
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1111 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Moum
- Department of Behavioral Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1111 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Public Health, Innlandet University College, Box 100, 2400 Elverum, Norway
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Bogowicz P, Ferguson J, Gilvarry E, Kamali F, Kaner E, Newbury-Birch D. Alcohol and other substance use among medical and law students at a UK university: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Postgrad Med J 2017; 94:131-136. [PMID: 29103016 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2017-135136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To examine the use of alcohol and other substances among medical and law students at a UK university. STUDY DESIGN Anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire survey of first, second and final year medical and law students at a single UK university. RESULTS 1242 of 1577 (78.8%) eligible students completed the questionnaire. Over half of first and second year medical students (first year 53.1%, second year 59.7%, final year 35.9%) had an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) score suggestive of an alcohol use disorder (AUDIT≥8), compared with over two-thirds of first and second year law students (first year 67.2%, second year 69.5%, final year 47.3%). Approximately one-quarter of medical students (first year 26.4%, second year 28.4%, final year 23.7%) and over one-third of first and second year law students (first year 39.1%, second year 42.4%, final year 18.9%) reported other substance use within the past year. Over one-third of medical students (first year 34.4%, second year 35.6%, final year 46.3%) and approximately half or more of law students (first year 47.2%, second year 52.7%, final year 59.5%) had a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety score suggestive of a possible anxiety disorder. CONCLUSIONS Study participants had high levels of substance misuse and anxiety. Some students' fitness to practice may be impaired as a result of their substance misuse or symptoms of psychological distress. Further efforts are needed to reduce substance misuse and to improve the mental well-being of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bogowicz
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- School of Health & Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Eilish Gilvarry
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Farhad Kamali
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Belfrage A, Grotmol KS, Lien L, Moum T, Wiese RV, Tyssen R. Medical school predictors of later perceived mastery of clinical work among Norwegian doctors: a cohort study with 10-year and 20-year follow-up. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014462. [PMID: 28947437 PMCID: PMC5623388 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Doctors' self-perceived mastery of clinical work might have an impact on their career and patient care, in addition to their own health and well-being. The aim of this study is to identify predictors at medical school of perceived mastery later in doctors' careers. DESIGN A cohort of medical students (n=631) was surveyed in the final year of medical school in 1993/1994 (T1), and 10 (T2) and 20 (T3) years later. SETTING Nationwide healthcare institutions. PARTICIPANTS Medical students from all universities in Norway. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perceived mastery of clinical work was measured at T2 and T3. The studied predictors measured at T1 included personality traits, medical school stress, perceived medical recording skills, identification with the role of doctor, hazardous drinking and drinking to cope, in addition to age and gender. Effects were studied using multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Response rates: T1, 522/631 (83%); T2, 390/522 (75%); and T3, 303/522 (58%). Mean scores at T2 and T3 were 22.3 (SD=4.2) and 24.5 (3.0) (t=8.2, p<0.001), with no gender difference. Adjusted associations at T2 were: role identification (β=0.16; p=0.006; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.28), perceived medical recording skills (β=0.13; p=0.02; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.24) and drinking to cope (β=-2.45; p=0.001; 95% CI -3.88 to -1.03). Adjusted association at T3 was perceived medical recording skills (β=0.11; p=0.015; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Perceived medical recording skills and role identification were associated with higher perceived mastery. Medical schools should provide experiences, teaching and assessment to enhance students' physician role identification and confidence in their own skills. Drinking to cope was associated with lower perceived mastery, which indicates the importance of acquiring healthier coping strategies in medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Belfrage
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Støen Grotmol
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Regional Centre of Excellence in Palliative Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Moum
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragna Veslemøy Wiese
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Tyssen
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Jung SS, Park KH, Roh H, Yune SJ, Lee GH, Chun K. Research trends in studies of medical students' characteristics: a scoping review. KOREAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 29:137-152. [PMID: 28870017 PMCID: PMC5583429 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate domestic and international research trends in studies of medical students' characteristics by using the scoping review methods. This study adopted the scoping review to assess papers on the characteristics of medical students. The procedure of research was carried out according to the five steps of the scoping review. The full texts of 100 papers are obtained and are read closely, after which suitable 88 papers are extracted by us for this research. The review is mapped by the year of the study, source, location, author, research design, research subject, objective, and key results. The frequency is analyzed by using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. We found 70 papers (79.5%) on a single medical school, 15 (17.0%) on multiple medical schools, and three (3.4%) on mixed schools, including medical and nonmedical schools. Sixty-nine (79.5%) were cross-sectional studies and 18 (20.5%) were longitudinal studies. Eighty-two papers (93.2%) adopted questionnaire surveys. We summarized research trends of studies on medical students in Korea and overseas by topic, and mapped them into physical health, mental health, psychological characteristics, cognitive characteristics, social characteristics, and career. This study provides insights into the future directions of research for the characteristics of medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kwi Hwa Park
- Department of Medical Education, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - HyeRin Roh
- Department of Medical Education and the Institute of Medical Humanities, Inje University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - So Jung Yune
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Geon Ho Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Chun
- Head Office for Educational Innovation, Tongmyong University, Busan, Korea
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Mahmood JI, Støen Grotmol K, Tesli M, Vaglum P, Tyssen R. Contextual Factors and Mental Distress as Possible Predictors of Hazardous Drinking in Norwegian Medical Doctors: A 15-Year Longitudinal, Nationwide Study. Eur Addict Res 2017; 23:19-27. [PMID: 27832645 DOI: 10.1159/000452442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously identified long-term individual predictors of hazardous drinking in doctors, but longitudinal studies on contextual factors (work and life stress) and mental distress being independently linked to hazardous drinking over the first 15 years of a medical career are lacking. METHODS Two nationwide cohorts of Norwegian doctors (n = 1,052) from all 4 Norwegian universities were surveyed in their final year of medical school (1993/1994 and 1999) (T1), and 4 (T2), 10 (T3), and 15 (T4) years later. Hazardous drinking was measured using a validated 9-item version of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Work-related and other predictors were analysed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Ninety percent (947/1,052) responded at least once, and 42% (450/1,052) responded at all 4 time points. Hazardous drinking was reported by 16% at T1, 14% at T2 and T3, and 15% at T4. Life events (p = 0.009) and mental distress (p = 0.002) were adjusted predictors of hazardous drinking, in addition to male gender, no religious activity, drinking to cope with tension, and low conscientiousness. CONCLUSIONS Doctors' work-related stress was not linked to hazardous drinking, but life events, mental distress, and drinking to cope were. Prevention should target mental distress and drinking to cope with tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Iqbal Mahmood
- Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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