1
|
Li D, Gao W, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Ji S, Chen P, Li D. Molecular subtypes identified by multiomics analysis based on cuproptosis-related genes precisely predict response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1755-1769. [PMID: 37530469 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cuproptosis is a newly reported type of programmed cell death that is involved in the progression of various diseases. Some studies have reported its potential significance in multiple tumors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and mortality. The purpose of this study was to further explore the importance of cuproptosis in the CRC development and treatment. We analyzed the expression, alterations, and promoter methylation of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in patients with CRC. Three machine learning methods was used to determine cuproptosis-related feature genes and a diagnostic model was built based on them. Using the unsupervised clustering, patients with CRC were classified into distinct clusters. Then, the LASSO method was used to establish a cuproptosis risk model. We analyzed the association of risk scores with outcomes, immune microenvironment, response to immunotherapy, and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. The results showed that the expression of CRGs was dysregulated in CRC. The diagnostic model based on cuproptosis-related feature genes showed great clinical value. The patients in two clusters displayed different prognosis and microenvironment. Furthermore, the risk score was correlated with clinical characteristics, immune infiltration and response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Above all, the present findings revealed the involvement of cuproptosis in CRC development and provided a diagnostic tool to evaluate CRC occurrence risk. The immune infiltration and drug sensitivity analysis results helped to predict the response of patients in different subtypes of CRC to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Li
- Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahoo B, Pinnix Z, Sims S, Zelikovsky A. Identifying Biomarkers Using Support Vector Machine to Understand the Racial Disparity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Comput Biol 2023; 30:502-517. [PMID: 36716280 PMCID: PMC10325814 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2022.0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the properties of aggressive cancer and heterogeneous tumor biology, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer known for its poor clinical outcome. The lack of estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor in the tumors of TNBC leads to fewer treatment options in clinics. The incidence of TNBC is higher in African American (AA) women compared with European American (EA) women with worse clinical outcomes. The significant factors responsible for the racial disparity in TNBC are socioeconomic lifestyle and tumor biology. The current study considered the open-source gene expression data of triple-negative breast cancer samples' racial information. We implemented a state-of-the-art classification Support Vector Machine (SVM) method with a recurrent feature elimination approach to the gene expression data to identify significant biomarkers deregulated in AA women and EA women. We also included Spearman's rho and Ward's linkage method in our feature selection workflow. Our proposed method generates 24 features/genes that can classify the AA and EA samples 98% accurately. We also performed the Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test on the 24 features/genes. We only discussed the correlation between deregulated expression and cancer progression with a poor survival rate of 2 genes, KLK10 and LRRC37A2, out of 24 genes. We believe that further improvement of our method with a higher number of RNA-seq gene expression data will more accurately provide insight into racial disparity in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikram Sahoo
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zandra Pinnix
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seth Sims
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alex Zelikovsky
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gil J, Marques-Pamies M, Valassi E, Serra G, Salinas I, Xifra G, Casano-Sancho P, Carrato C, Biagetti B, Sesmilo G, Marcos-Ruiz J, Rodriguez-Lloveras H, Rueda-Pujol A, Aulinas A, Blanco A, Hostalot C, Simó-Servat A, Muñoz F, Rico M, Ibáñez-Domínguez J, Cordero E, Webb SM, Jordà M, Puig-Domingo M. Molecular characterization of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and medical treatment related-genes in non-functioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1129213. [PMID: 37033229 PMCID: PMC10074986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1129213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Different medical therapies have been developed for pituitary adenomas. However, Non-Functioning Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (NF-PitNET) have shown little response to them. Furthermore, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to resistance to medical treatment in a significant number of tumors, including pituitary adenomas. Methods We aimed to evaluate the expression of EMT-related markers in 72 NF-PitNET and 16 non-tumoral pituitaries. To further explore the potential usefulness of medical treatment for NF-PitNET we assessed the expression of somatostatin receptors and dopamine-associated genes. Results We found that SNAI1, SNAI2, Vimentin, KLK10, PEBP1, Ki-67 and SSTR2 were associated with invasive NF-PitNET. Furthermore, we found that the EMT phenomenon was more common in NF-PitNET than in GH-secreting pituitary tumors. Interestingly, PEBP1 was overexpressed in recurrent NF-PitNET, and could predict growth recurrence with 100% sensitivity but only 43% specificity. In parallel with previously reported studies, SSTR3 is highly expressed in our NF-PitNET cohort. However, SSTR3 expression is highly heterogeneous among the different histological variants of NF-PitNET with very low levels in silent corticotroph adenomas. Conclusion NF-PitNET showed an enhanced EMT phenomenon. SSTR3 targeting could be a good therapeutic candidate in NF-PitNET except for silent corticotroph adenomas, which express very low levels of this receptor. In addition, PEBP1 could be an informative biomarker of tumor regrowth, useful for predictive medicine in NF-PitNET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan Gil
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marques-Pamies
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Valassi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Serra
- Department of Endocrinology, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Salinas
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Xifra
- Department of Endocrinology, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Paula Casano-Sancho
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Institut de Recerca SJS 39-57, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Betina Biagetti
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sesmilo
- Department of Endocrinology, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer Marcos-Ruiz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Rueda-Pujol
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Aulinas
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Blanco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hostalot
- Department of Neurosurgery, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Andreu Simó-Servat
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Fernando Muñoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rico
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esteban Cordero
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susan M. Webb
- Department of Endocrinology, Research Center for Pituitary Diseases, Hospital Sant Pau, IIB-SPau, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Jordà
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Endocrine Research Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Unit 747, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad SM, Ahmed BS, Khidhir KG, Rahman HS. Prospective quantitative gene expression analysis of kallikrein-related peptidase KLK10 as a diagnostic biomarker for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13489. [PMID: 35669967 PMCID: PMC9165590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most common malignancy in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to explore KLK10 mRNA expression as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ALL in children and to examine the effect of chemotherapy on KLK10 mRNA expression following the induction and after three months of receiving chemotherapy. Methods In this prospective study, total RNA was extracted from blood samples of 23 pediatric ALL patients on diagnosis, after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy. Healthy pediatric volunteers (n = 12) were selected as control individuals. After cDNA synthesis, KLK10 mRNA gene expression levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results KLK10 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in leukemic cells compared to their levels in cells of normal blood samples (p = 0.0001). KLK10 expression levels in ALL patients after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy decreased compared to normal blood samples (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0175 respectively). The expression level of KLK10 mRNA in ALL patients after one month of chemotherapy was decreased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.4413). KLK10 mRNA expression levels in ALL patients after three months of chemotherapy were increased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.0602). The ROC curve illustrated that KLK10 mRNA expression could very efficiently discriminate ALL patients from normal counterparts (AUC=0.886, 95% CI [0.7720-1.000], SE = 0.0582, p = 0.0004). Conclusion KLK10 mRNA expression could serve as a potential diagnostic molecular biomarker for ALL in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwan Majid Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Basima Sadq Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Karzan Ghafur Khidhir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao W, Li X, Nian W, Wang J, Wang X, Sun L, Zhu Y, Tong Z. Ribosome Proteins Represented by RPL27A Mark the Development and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in Mouse and Human. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716730. [PMID: 34497807 PMCID: PMC8419227 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The lack of targeted therapies and poor prognosis of patients with TNBC have made it urgent to discover novel critical diagnosis and therapeutic targets in the TNBC field. Here, in the current study, we integrated the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from four normal mouse mammary tissues and four mouse breast tumors. Comparative analysis was conducted to identify the gene profiles of normal epithelial cells and cancer cells at different models. Surprisingly, two ribosomal protein genes, Rpl27a and Rpl15, were significantly upregulated in the cancer cells in all the TNBC models. Next, we accessed the scRNA-seq data from human primary and metastatic TNBC tissues, and comparative analysis revealed gene profiles of human primary and metastatic TNBC cancer cells. Ribosomal protein genes, represented by RPL27A and RPL15, showed significantly upregulated expression in metastatic TNBC cancer cells. Pathway analysis on the upregulated genes of the metastatic TNBC cancer cells identified the key regulators and signaling pathways that were driving the metastasis of the TNBC cancer cells. Specifically, EIF2 signaling was significantly activated, and major member genes of this signaling pathway were upregulated. In vitro study revealed that targeting RPL27A or EIF2 signaling in a TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, significantly reduced cell migration and invasion. Altogether, these data suggested that the RPL27A gene is conducting critical functions in TNBC cancer development and metastasis and is a potential therapeutic target for TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xichuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lin CL, Ying TH, Yang SF, Wang SW, Cheng SP, Lee JJ, Hsieh YH. Transcriptional Suppression of miR-7 by MTA2 Induces Sp1-Mediated KLK10 Expression and Metastasis of Cervical Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 20:699-710. [PMID: 32402941 PMCID: PMC7218230 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MTA2 is involved in tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the role of MTA2 in cervical cancer thus far has not been identified. In this study, we report that elevated expression of MTA2 negatively correlates with Kallikrein-10 (KLK10) expression and poor prognosis of cervical cancer patients. Knockdown of MTA2 substantially inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion, and it enhanced KLK10 expression of the cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, shMTA2-mediated suppression of cell mobility was significantly restored by knockdown of KLK10. We also found that Sp1 (transcription factor specificity protein 1) is critical for shMTA2-induced transcriptional upregulation of KLK10 and subsequent biological functions. Furthermore, we found that the expression of miR-7 is elevated by MTA2 silencing and then by direct inhibition of Sp1 expression. Knockdown of Sp1 additively enhanced KLK10 expression in MTA2-knocked down cervical cancer cells, suggesting that the miR-7/Sp1 axis acts as an effector of MTA2 to impact KLK10 levels and mobility of cervical cancer cells. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the physiological relationship between MTA2 and KLK10 via regulating the miR-7/Sp1 axis, and they provide a potential therapeutic target in cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ho Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Jen Lee
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Ruijter TC, van der Heide F, Smits KM, Aarts MJ, van Engeland M, Heijnen VCG. Prognostic DNA methylation markers for hormone receptor breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:13. [PMID: 32005275 PMCID: PMC6993426 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-1250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, differentiating between patients with a low and a high risk of recurrence is an ongoing challenge. In current practice, prognostic clinical parameters are used for risk prediction. DNA methylation markers have been proven to be of additional prognostic value in several cancer types. Numerous prognostic DNA methylation markers for breast cancer have been published in the literature. However, to date, none of these markers are used in clinical practice. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of PubMed and EMBASE to assess the number and level of evidence of published DNA methylation markers for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. To obtain an overview of the reporting quality of the included studies, all were scored according to the REMARK criteria that were established as reporting guidelines for prognostic biomarker studies. RESULTS A total of 74 studies were identified reporting on 87 different DNA methylation markers. Assessment of the REMARK criteria showed variation in reporting quality of the studies. Eighteen single markers and one marker panel were studied in multiple independent populations. Hypermethylation of the markers RASSF1, BRCA, PITX2, CDH1, RARB, PCDH10 and PGR, and the marker panel GSTP1, RASSF1 and RARB showed a statistically significant correlation with poor disease outcome that was confirmed in at least one other, independent study. CONCLUSION This systematic review provides an overview on published prognostic DNA methylation markers for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and identifies eight markers that have been independently validated. Analysis of the reporting quality of included studies suggests that future research on this topic would benefit from standardised reporting guidelines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim C. de Ruijter
- Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van der Heide
- Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M. Smits
- Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maureen J. Aarts
- Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Engeland
- GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C. G. Heijnen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Figueroa CD, Molina L, Bhoola KD, Ehrenfeld P. Overview of tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidases in breast cancer. Biol Chem 2019; 399:937-957. [PMID: 29885274 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein family comprises tissue kallikrein and 14 kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) recognized as a subgroup of secreted trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like serine proteases. KLKs are expressed in many cellular types where they regulate important physiological activities such as semen liquefaction, immune response, neural development, blood pressure, skin desquamation and tooth enamel formation. Tissue kallikrein, the oldest member and kinin-releasing enzyme, and KLK3/PSA, a tumor biomarker for prostate cancer are the most prominent components of the family. Additionally, other KLKs have shown an abnormal expression in neoplasia, particularly in breast cancer. Thus, increased levels of some KLKs may increase extracellular matrix degradation, invasion and metastasis; other KLKs modulate cell growth, survival and angiogenesis. On the contrary, KLKs can also inhibit angiogenesis and produce tumor suppression. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how KLKs are regulated in tumor microenvironment by molecules present at the site, namely cytokines, inflammatory mediators and growth factors. Little is known about the signaling pathways that control expression/secretion of KLKs in breast cancer, and further how activation of PAR receptors may contribute to functional activity in neoplasia. A better understanding of these molecular events will allow us to consider KLKs as relevant therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Figueroa
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Molina
- Department of Science, Universidad San Sebastián, sede De la Patagonia, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Kanti D Bhoola
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Valdivia, Chile, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Circulating cell-free DNA in breast cancer: size profiling, levels, and methylation patterns lead to prognostic and predictive classifiers. Oncogene 2019; 38:3387-3401. [PMID: 30643192 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Blood circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a suggested biosource of valuable clinical information for cancer, meeting the need for a minimally-invasive advancement in the route of precision medicine. In this paper, we evaluated the prognostic and predictive potential of ccfDNA parameters in early and advanced breast cancer. Groups consisted of 150 and 16 breast cancer patients under adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy respectively, 34 patients with metastatic disease and 35 healthy volunteers. Direct quantification of ccfDNA in plasma revealed elevated concentrations correlated to the incidence of death, shorter PFS, and non-response to pharmacotherapy in the metastatic but not in the other groups. The methylation status of a panel of cancer-related genes chosen based on previous expression and epigenetic data (KLK10, SOX17, WNT5A, MSH2, GATA3) was assessed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. All but the GATA3 gene was more frequently methylated in all the patient groups than in healthy individuals (all p < 0.05). The methylation of WNT5A was statistically significantly correlated to greater tumor size and poor prognosis characteristics and in advanced stage disease with shorter OS. In the metastatic group, also SOX17 methylation was significantly correlated to the incidence of death, shorter PFS, and OS. KLK10 methylation was significantly correlated to unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics and relapse, whereas in the adjuvant group to shorter DFI. Methylation of at least 3 or 4 genes was significantly correlated to shorter OS and no pharmacotherapy response, respectively. Classification analysis by a fully automated, machine learning software produced a single-parametric linear model using ccfDNA plasma concentration values, with great discriminating power to predict response to chemotherapy (AUC 0.803, 95% CI [0.606, 1.000]) in the metastatic group. Two more multi-parametric signatures were produced for the metastatic group, predicting survival and disease outcome. Finally, a multiple logistic regression model was constructed, discriminating between patient groups and healthy individuals. Overall, ccfDNA emerged as a highly potent predictive classifier in metastatic breast cancer. Upon prospective clinical evaluation, all the signatures produced could aid accurate prognosis.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao XY, Zhang XX, Yang MW, Hu LP, Jiang SH, Tian GA, Zhu LL, Li Q, Sun YW, Zhang ZG. Aberrant upregulation of KLK10 promotes metastasis via enhancement of EMT and FAK/SRC/ERK axis in PDAC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:584-593. [PMID: 29621546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PADC) metastasis is the leading cause of morality of this severe malignant tumor. Proteases are key players in the degradation of extracellular matrix which promotes the cascade of tumor metastasis. As a kind of serine proteases, the kallikrein family performs vital function on the cancer proteolysis scene, which have been proved in diverse malignant tumors. However, the specific member of kallikrein family and its function in PDAC remain unexplored. In this study, by data mining of GEO datasets, we have identified KLK10 is upregulated gene in PDAC. We found that KLK10 was significantly overexpressed in tissues of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC from Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+ mice (KC) and Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+ mice (KPC) by immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, KLK10 is extremely elevated in the PDAC tissues, especially that from the PDAC patients with lymphatic and distant metastasis. Aberrant KLK10 expression is significantly correlated with poor prognosis and shorter survival by univariable and multivariable analysis. Functionally, knockdown of KLK10 observably inhibits invasion and metastatic phenotype of PDAC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. In addition, blockade of KLK10 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of FAK-SRC-ERK signaling, which explains the mechanism of KLK10 in promoting metastasis. Collectively, KLK10 should be considered as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and potential target for therapy in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Min-Wei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shu-Heng Jiang
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Guang-Ang Tian
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
El Sherbini MA, Mansour AA, Sallam MM, Shaban EA, Shehab ElDin ZA, El-Shalakany AH. KLK10 exon 3 unmethylated PCR product concentration: a new potential early diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer? - A pilot study. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:32. [PMID: 29690914 PMCID: PMC5913797 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND KLK10 exon 3 hypermethylation correlated to tumor-specific lack of KLK10 expression in cancer cell lines and primary tumors. In the present study we investigate the possible role of KLK10 exon 3 methylation in ovarian tumor diagnosis and prognosis. RESULTS Qualitative methylation-specific PCR (MSP) results did not show statistically significant differences in patient group samples (normal and tumor) where all samples were positive only for the unmethylated-specific PCR except for two malignant samples that were either doubly positive (serous carcinoma) or doubly negative (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) for the two MSP tests. However, KLK10 exon 3 unmethylated PCR product concentration (ng/μl) showed statistically significant differences in benign and malignant patient group samples; mean ± SD (n): tumor: 0.077 ± 0.035 (14) and 0.047 ± 0.021 (15), respectively, p-value = 0.011; and normal: 0.094 ± 0.039 (7) and 0.046 ± 0.027 (6), respectively, p-value = 0.031. Moreover, ROC curve analysis of KLK10 exon 3 unmethylated PCR product concentration in overall patient group samples showed good diagnostic ability (AUC = 0.778; p-value = 0.002). Patient survival (living and died) showed statistically significant difference according to preoperative serum CA125 concentration (U/ml); median (n): 101.25 (10) and 1252 (5), respectively, p-value = 0.037, but not KLK10 exon 3 unmethylated PCR product concentration (ng/μl) in overall malignant patient samples; mean ± SD (n): 0.042 ± 0.015 (14) and 0.055 ± 0.032 (7), p-value = 0.228. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on KLK10 exon 3 unmethylated PCR product concentration as potential early epigenetic diagnostic marker in primary ovarian tumors. Taken into account the limitations in our study (small sample size and semi-quantitative PCR product analysis) further studies are strongly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A El Sherbini
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amal A Mansour
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Sallam
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emtiaz A Shaban
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amr H El-Shalakany
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jafari SH, Saadatpour Z, Salmaninejad A, Momeni F, Mokhtari M, Nahand JS, Rahmati M, Mirzaei H, Kianmehr M. Breast cancer diagnosis: Imaging techniques and biochemical markers. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5200-5213. [PMID: 29219189 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease which is found as the second cause of cancer-associated death among women. Accumulating of evidence indicated that various factors (i.e., gentical and envirmental factors) could be associated with initiation and progression of breast cancer. Diagnosis of breast cancer patients in early stages is one of important aspects of breast cancer treatment. Among of various diagnosis platforms, imaging techniques are main diagnosis approaches which could provide valuable data on patients with breast cancer. It has been showed that various imaging techniques such as mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron-emission tomography (PET), Computed tomography (CT), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could be used for diagnosis and monitoring patients with breast cancer in various stages. Beside, imaging techniques, utilization of biochemical biomarkers such as proteins, DNAs, mRNAs, and microRNAs could be employed as new diagnosis and therapeutic tools for patients with breast cancer. Here, we summarized various imaging techniques and biochemical biomarkers could be utilized as diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, we highlighted microRNAs and exosomes as new diagnosis and therapeutic biomarkers for monitoring patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamed Jafari
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Saadatpour
- Radiology Specialist at Bozorgmehr Imaging Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Drug Applied Research Center, Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Momeni
- General Practitioner, Medical Researcher, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mokhtari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kianmehr
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Clinical relevance of kallikrein-related peptidase 9, 10, 11, and 15 mRNA expression in advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186847. [PMID: 29095848 PMCID: PMC5667830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
KLK9, 10, 11, and 15 may represent potential cancer biomarkers for evaluating ovarian cancer prognosis. In the present study, we selected a homogeneous cohort including 139 patients of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (FIGO stage III/IV) and assessed the mRNA levels of KLK9, 10, 11, and 15 in tumor tissue by quantitative PCR. No significant associations of KLK9, 10, 11, and 15 mRNA with established clinical parameters (residual tumor mass, ascitic fluid volume) were found. Pronounced correlations between KLK10/KLK11 (rs = 0.647) and between KLK9/KLK15 (rs = 0.716) mRNA, but not between other combinations, indicate coordinate expression of distinct pairs of peptidases. In univariate Cox regression analysis, elevated KLK11 mRNA levels were significantly linked with prolonged overall survival (OS; p = 0.021) and progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.008). KLK15 mRNA levels showed a trend towards significance in case of OS (p = 0.06); KLK9 and KLK10 mRNA expression levels were not associated with patients' outcome. In multivariable Cox analysis, KLK11 mRNA expression levels, apart from residual tumor mass, remained an independent predictive marker for OS (p = 0.007) and PFS (p = 0.015). Here, elevated KLK15 mRNA expression levels turned out to be significantly related to prolonged OS (p = 0.025) as well. High KLK11 but not the other KLK mRNA levels can be considered as strong independent favorable prognostic factor in this major ovarian cancer subtype.
Collapse
|
14
|
Rezende LM, Marson FAL, Lima CSP, Bertuzzo CS. Can MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms Alter the Risk and Severity of Sporadic Breast Cancer in Brazilian Women? Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:e199-e208. [PMID: 28330681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) modify the risk and severity of sporadic breast cancer (BC). In this context, the MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been associated with risk and severity of sporadic BC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 253 women with BC and 257 controls were enrolled in this study. Polymorphisms were analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphism - polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiology, tumor characteristics, and reproductive factors were considered in the analysis. Statistical tests included the χ2 test, the Fisher exact test, and the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, or parametric equivalents. RESULTS MTHFR polymorphisms were not a risk factor for BC. The 677CC genotype was associated with distant metastasis (odds ratio [OR] = 5.311; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.124-25.09) and lower estrogen receptor expression, whereas the 1298AA genotype was associated with stage 0 (OR = 0.244; 95% CI = 0.077-0.771) and increased estrogen receptor expression. In haplotype analysis, 677CC/1298AA was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.979; 95% CI = 1.036-3.782), and 677CT/1298AC was associated with invasive carcinoma of no special type (OR = 0.472; 95% CI = 0.243-0.918) and stage 0 (OR = 3.476; 95% CI = 1.341-10.47). CONCLUSION The MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms do not alter the risk of BC, but are associated with the clinical severity of BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Montes Rezende
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil.
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil.
| | - Carmen Sílvia Passos Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil
| | - Carmen Sílvia Bertuzzo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas - Unicamp, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas/SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Involvement of Kallikrein-Related Peptidases in Normal and Pathologic Processes. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:946572. [PMID: 26783378 PMCID: PMC4689925 DOI: 10.1155/2015/946572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases that participate in proteolytic pathways and control protein levels in normal physiology as well as in several pathological conditions. Their complex network of stimulatory and inhibitory interactions may induce inflammatory and immune responses and contribute to the neoplastic phenotype through the regulation of several cellular processes, such as proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion. This family of proteases, which includes one of the most useful cancer biomarkers, kallikrein-related peptidase 3 or PSA, also has a protective effect against cancer promoting apoptosis or counteracting angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Therefore, they represent attractive therapeutic targets and may have important applications in clinical oncology. Despite being intensively studied, many gaps in our knowledge on several molecular aspects of KLK functions still exist. This review aims to summarize recent data on their involvement in different processes related to health and disease, in particular those directly or indirectly linked to the neoplastic process.
Collapse
|
16
|
The kallikrein-related peptidase family: Dysregulation and functions during cancer progression. Biochimie 2015; 122:283-99. [PMID: 26343558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death with 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2012. Despite the progress made in cancer therapies, neoplastic diseases are still a major therapeutic challenge notably because of intra- and inter-malignant tumour heterogeneity and adaptation/escape of malignant cells to/from treatment. New targeted therapies need to be developed to improve our medical arsenal and counter-act cancer progression. Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are secreted serine peptidases which are aberrantly expressed in many cancers and have great potential in developing targeted therapies. The potential of KLKs as cancer biomarkers is well established since the demonstration of the association between KLK3/PSA (prostate specific antigen) levels and prostate cancer progression. In addition, a constantly increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the functional involvement of KLKs in cancer-related processes. These peptidases are now considered key players in the regulation of cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, chemo-resistance, and importantly, in mediating interactions between cancer cells and other cell populations found in the tumour microenvironment to facilitate cancer progression. These functional roles of KLKs in a cancer context further highlight their potential in designing new anti-cancer approaches. In this review, we comprehensively review the biochemical features of KLKs, their functional roles in carcinogenesis, followed by the latest developments and the successful utility of KLK-based therapeutics in counteracting cancer progression.
Collapse
|
17
|
Michaelidou K, Kladi-Skandali A, Scorilas A. Kallikreins as Biomarkers in Human Malignancies. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
18
|
Deveci M, Küçüktunç O, Eren K, Bozdağ D, Kaya K, Çatalyürek ÜV. Querying Co-regulated Genes on Diverse Gene Expression Datasets Via Biclustering. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1375:55-74. [PMID: 26626937 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2015_246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development and increasing popularity of gene expression microarrays have resulted in a number of studies on the discovery of co-regulated genes. One important way of discovering such co-regulations is the query-based search since gene co-expressions may indicate a shared role in a biological process. Although there exist promising query-driven search methods adapting clustering, they fail to capture many genes that function in the same biological pathway because microarray datasets are fraught with spurious samples or samples of diverse origin, or the pathways might be regulated under only a subset of samples. On the other hand, a class of clustering algorithms known as biclustering algorithms which simultaneously cluster both the items and their features are useful while analyzing gene expression data, or any data in which items are related in only a subset of their samples. This means that genes need not be related in all samples to be clustered together. Because many genes only interact under specific circumstances, biclustering may recover the relationships that traditional clustering algorithms can easily miss. In this chapter, we briefly summarize the literature using biclustering for querying co-regulated genes. Then we present a novel biclustering approach and evaluate its performance by a thorough experimental analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Deveci
- Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Onur Küçüktunç
- Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kemal Eren
- Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Doruk Bozdağ
- Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kamer Kaya
- Computer Science and Engineering, Sabancı University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ümit V Çatalyürek
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grin A, Samaan S, Tripathi M, Rotondo F, Kovacs K, Bassily MN, Yousef GM. Evaluation of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases 6 and 10 expression in early gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 46:541-8. [PMID: 25649006 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Kallikreins are a family of serine proteases that are linked to malignancy of different body organs with potential clinical utility as tumor markers. In this study, we investigated kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) and KLK10 expression in early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus (BE) with and without dysplasia. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly increased KLK6 expression in early invasive cancer compared with dysplastic (P = .009) and nondysplastic BE (P = .0002). There was a stepwise expression increase from metaplasia to dysplasia and invasive tumors. Significantly higher KLK10 was seen in dysplastic lesions compared with metaplasia but not between dysplastic lesions and invasive cancers. KLK6 staining intensity was increased at the invasive front (P = .006), suggesting its role in tumor invasiveness. Neither KLK6 nor KLK10 was significantly associated with other prognostic markers, including depth of invasion, indicating their potential as independent biomarkers. Our results should be interpreted with caution due to limited sample size. There was a significant correlation between KLK6 and KLK10 expression both at the invasive front and within the main tumor, indicating a collaborative effect. We then compared KLK6 and KLK10 messenger RNA expression between metaplastic and cancerous tissues in an independent data set of esophageal carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas. KLK6 and KLK10 may be useful markers and potential therapeutic targets in gastroesophageal junction tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sara Samaan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Monika Tripathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mena N Bassily
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Menoufiya University, Menufia 32511, Egypt
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Minning C, Mokhtar NM, Abdullah N, Muhammad R, Emran NA, Ali SAMD, Harun R, Jamal R. Exploring breast carcinogenesis through integrative genomics and epigenomics analyses. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1959-68. [PMID: 25175708 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many DNA methylation studies on breast cancer which showed various methylation patterns involving tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes but only a few of those studies link the methylation data with gene expression. More data are required especially from the Asian region and to analyse how the epigenome data correlate with the transcriptome. DNA methylation profiling was carried out on 76 fresh frozen primary breast tumour tissues and 25 adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues using the Illumina Infinium(®) HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Validation of methylation results was performed on 7 genes using either MS-MLPA or MS-qPCR. Gene expression profiling was done on 15 breast tumours and 5 adjacent non-cancerous breast tissues using the Affymetrix GeneChip(®) Human Gene 1.0 ST array. The overlapping genes between DNA methylation and gene expression datasets were further mapped to the KEGG database to identify the molecular pathways that linked these genes together. Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis revealed 1,389 hypermethylated CpG sites and 22 hypomethylated CpG sites in cancer compared to the normal samples. Gene expression microarray analysis using a fold-change of at least 1.5 and a false discovery rate (FDR) at p>0.05 identified 404 upregulated and 463 downregulated genes in cancer samples. Integration of both datasets identified 51 genes with hypermethylation with low expression (negative association) and 13 genes with hypermethylation with high expression (positive association). Most of the overlapping genes belong to the focal adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interaction that play important roles in breast carcinogenesis. The present study displayed the value of using multiple datasets in the same set of tissues and how the integrative analysis can create a list of well-focused genes as well as to show the correlation between epigenetic changes and gene expression. These gene signatures can help us understand the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and could be potential targets for therapeutic intervention in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Minning
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mohd Mokhtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlia Abdullah
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaizak Muhammad
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aina Emran
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah M D Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roslan Harun
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alexopoulou DK, Papadopoulos IN, Scorilas A. Clinical significance of kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK10) mRNA expression in colorectal cancer. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1453-61. [PMID: 23499583 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the three most common cancers in both genders. Even though several biomarkers are in use in diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, they are marred by limited specificity and sensitivity. The human kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) gene is a member of the human tissue kallikrein family. Because prostate specific antigen (PSA), the best biomarker for detecting and monitoring prostate cancer, is a member of this family, many other members, including KLK10, have been widely examined as novel biomarkers for different cancer types. In previous studies, KLK10 has been proposed as a diagnostic biomarker for ovarian carcinoma, while its methylation on exon 3 has been proposed as a prognostic marker for early-stage breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to analyse KLK10 mRNA expression and examine its prognostic value and potential clinical application as a novel molecular tissue biomarker in CRC. DESIGN AND METHODS The study group consisted of 190 colorectal samples. Total RNA was extracted from pulverised tissues and cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. KLK10 was amplified by real-time PCR. B2M was used as a reference gene and HT-29 cells as positive control. RESULTS KLK10 expression was significantly higher in cancer tissues (P<0.001). Tumours of advanced TNM and Dukes' stage showed high KLK10 expression status (P=0.036; P=0.025). Patients with high KLK10 expression had a shorter disease-free and overall survival rates (P=0.014; P=0.020). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that KLK10 may serve as a new marker of unfavourable prognosis of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K Alexopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens GR-15701, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Locke WJ, Clark SJ. Epigenome remodelling in breast cancer: insights from an early in vitro model of carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:215. [PMID: 23168266 PMCID: PMC4053120 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic gene regulation has influence over a diverse range of cellular functions, including the maintenance of pluripotency, differentiation, and cellular identity, and is deregulated in many diseases, including cancer. Whereas the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer is well documented, much of the mechanistic detail involved in triggering these changes remains unclear. In the current age of genomics, the development of new sequencing technologies has seen an influx of genomic and epigenomic data and drastic improvements in both resolution and coverage. Studies in cancer cell lines and clinical samples using next-generation sequencing are rapidly delivering spectacular insights into the nature of the cancer genome and epigenome. Despite these improvements in technology, the timing and relationship between genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during the process of carcinogenesis are still unclear. In particular, what changes to the epigenome are playing a driving role during carcinogenesis and what influence the temporal nature of these changes has on cancer progression are not known. Understanding the early epigenetic changes driving breast cancer has the exciting potential to provide a novel set of therapeutic targets or early-disease biomarkers or both. Therefore, it is important to find novel systems that permit the study of initial epigenetic events that potentially occur during the first stages of breast cancer. Non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) provide an exciting in vitro model of very early breast carcinogenesis. When grown in culture, HMECs are able to temporarily escape senescence and acquire a pre-malignant breast cancer-like phenotype (variant HMECs, or vHMECs). Cultured HMECs are composed mainly of cells from the basal breast epithelial layer. Therefore, vHMECs are considered to represent the basal-like subtype of breast cancer. The transition from HMECs to vHMECs in culture recapitulates the epigenomic phenomena that occur during the progression from normal breast to pre-malignancy. Therefore, the HMEC model system provides the unique opportunity to study the very earliest epigenomic aberrations occurring during breast carcinogenesis and can give insight into the sequence of epigenomic events that lead to breast malignancy. This review provides an overview of epigenomic research in breast cancer and discusses in detail the utility of the HMEC model system to discover early epigenomic changes involved in breast carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Pasic MD, Olkhov E, Bapat B, Yousef GM. Epigenetic regulation of kallikrein-related peptidases: there is a whole new world out there. Biol Chem 2012; 393:319-30. [PMID: 22505515 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2011-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The human kallikreins are a cluster of 15 kallikreins and kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs). Evidence shows the involvement of KLKs in a wide range of pathophysiological processes, and underscores their potential contribution to cancer, skin and neurodegenerative disorders. The control of KLK expression is not fully elucidated. Understanding the mechanisms controlling KLK expression is an essential step towards exploring the pathogenesis of several diseases and the use of KLKs as disease biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets. Recently, epigenetic changes (including methylation, histone modification and microRNAs [miRNAs]) have drawn attention as a new dimension for controlling KLK expression. Reports showed the effect of methylation on the expression of KLK genes. This was also shown to have potential utility as a prognostic marker in cancer. miRNAs are small RNAs that control the expression of their targets at the post-transcriptional level. Target prediction showed that KLKs are potential targets of miRNAs that are dysregulated in tumors, including prostate, kidney and ovarian cancers, with downstream effect on tumor proliferation. Experimental validation remains an essential step to confirm the KLK-miRNA interaction. Epigenetic regulation of KLKs holds promise for an array of therapeutic applications in many diseases including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jones A, Lechner M, Fourkala EO, Kristeleit R, Widschwendter M. Emerging promise of epigenetics and DNA methylation for the diagnosis and management of women's cancers. Epigenomics 2012; 2:9-38. [PMID: 22122746 DOI: 10.2217/epi.09.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, survival rates from women's cancers (breast, ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer) have all but modestly improved despite huge efforts from both research and clinical communities. In parallel with this, the field of epigenetics has grown from its infancy into a promising scientific discipline. In particular, DNA methylation analysis has been adopted by oncologists in an attempt to better understand and manage cancer. Now that the epigenetic technological base has caught up, the potential of methylation markers in cancer research is finally being realized. In this review, we present the current status of epigenetic research into women's cancers with a main focus on DNA methylation analysis. We provide an overview of technological development, current markers of risk prediction, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment, and highlight the progression of epigenetic therapies. Finally, we comment on the potential impact of epigenetic analyses on the future of women's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Jones
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Evaluation and prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1209-14. [PMID: 22437349 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is assessed through conventional clinicopathological parameters, which are not always accurate. Members of the human kallikrein-related peptidases gene family represent potential cancer biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) by immunohistochemistry in CRC, to correlate this expression with various histopathological and clinical variables, and to evaluate its significance as a predictor of disease outcome. KLK10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and a combined expression score was calculated for each case based on intensity and percentage of positivity. A statistically significant positive association was observed between KLK10 and tumor stage and liver metastases (p = 0.015 and p = 0.035, respectively). Paradoxically, a negative association was observed between KLK10 and tumor grade (p = 0.009). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and univariate analysis showed that both KLK10 expression and stage had statistically significant correlations with disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.030 and p < 0.001, respectively) and overall survival (p = 0.010 and p = 0.001, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that both KLK10 expression and stage were independent predictors of unfavorable DFS (p = 0.057 and p = 0.001, respectively) and overall survival (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, KLK10 immunostaining is an independent prognostic marker in patients with CRC.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang JD, Seol SY, Leem SH, Kim YH, Sun Z, Lee JS, Thorgeirsson SS, Chu IS, Roberts LR, Kang KJ. Genes associated with recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: integrated analysis by gene expression and methylation profiling. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:1428-38. [PMID: 22065898 PMCID: PMC3207045 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.11.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is suppressed by DNA methylation. The goal of this study was to identify genes whose CpG site methylation and mRNA expression are associated with recurrence after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sixty-two HCCs were examined by both whole genome DNA methylation and transcriptome analysis. The Cox model was used to select genes associated with recurrence. A validation was performed in an independent cohort of 66 HCC patients. Among fifty-nine common genes, increased CpG site methylation and decreased mRNA expression were associated with recurrence for 12 genes (Group A), whereas decreased CpG site methylation and increased mRNA expression were associated with recurrence for 25 genes (Group B). The remaining 22 genes were defined as Group C. Complement factor H (CFH) and myosin VIIA and Rab interacting protein (MYRIP) in Group A; proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 (PSRC1), meiotic recombination 11 homolog A (MRE11A), and myosin IE (MYO1E) in Group B; and autophagy-related protein LC3 A (MAP1LC3A), and NADH dehydrogenase 1 alpha subcomplex assembly factor 1 (NDUFAF1) in Group C were validated. In conclusion, potential tumor suppressor (CFH, MYRIP) and oncogenes (PSRC1, MRE11A, MYO1E) in HCC are reported. The regulation of individual genes by methylation in hepatocarcinogenesis needs to be validated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Dong Yang
- Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - So-Young Seol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - In-Sun Chu
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Koo Jeong Kang
- Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cho YH, Shen J, Gammon MD, Zhang YJ, Wang Q, Gonzalez K, Xu X, Bradshaw PT, Teitelbaum SL, Garbowski G, Hibshoosh H, Neugut AI, Chen J, Santella RM. Prognostic significance of gene-specific promoter hypermethylation in breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 131:197-205. [PMID: 21837480 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The association between promoter methylation status and survival was investigated in a large cohort of women with breast cancer, participants in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. Archived tumor tissues (n = 839) were collected from women diagnosed with a first primary invasive or in situ breast cancer in 1996-1997. Vital status was followed through the end of 2005 with a mean follow-up time of 8 years. Promoter methylation of eight breast cancer-related genes was assessed by MethyLight. The frequencies of methylation for HIN1, RASSF1A, DAPK1, GSTP1, CyclinD2, TWIST, CDH1 and RARβ were 62.9, 85.2, 14.1, 27.8, 19.6, 15.3, 5.8 and 27.6%, respectively. Since survival rates of in situ and invasive breast cancers are substantially different, survival analyses were conducted within 670 invasive cases with complete data on all genes. Age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models revealed that GSTP1, TWIST and RARβ methylation was significantly associated with higher breast cancer-specific mortality. Methylation of GSTP1 and RARβ was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality. To investigate the relationship between the number of methylated genes and breast cancer-specific mortality, we included previously published MethyLight data on p16 and APC methylation status. Breast cancer-specific mortality increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing number of methylated genes (P (trend) = 0.002), although confidence intervals were wide. Our results suggest that promoter methylation, particularly for a panel of genes, has the potential to be used as a biomarker for predicting prognosis in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Talieri M, Alexopoulou DK, Scorilas A, Kypraios D, Arnogiannaki N, Devetzi M, Patsavela M, Xynopoulos D. Expression analysis and clinical evaluation of kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) in colorectal cancer. Tumour Biol 2011; 32:737-44. [PMID: 21487810 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) represent a serine protease family having 15 members. KLK10 is a secreted protease with a trypsin-like activity. The function of KLK10 is poorly understood, although it has been suggested that KLK10 may function as a tumor suppressor gene. In human cancer, KLK10 gene shows organ-specific up- or down-regulation. Since KLKs are promising tumor biomarkers, the examination of KLK10 mRNA expression and its association with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression was studied using semi-quantitative PCR. One hundred and nineteen primary CRC specimens were examined for which follow-up information was available for a median period of 29 months (range, 1-104 months). KLK10 expression was found to be significantly associated with TNM stage (p=0.028). Cox proportional hazard regression model using univariate analysis revealed for the first time that high status KLK10 expression is a significant factor for disease-free survival (DFS; p=0.002) and overall survival (OS; p=0.026) of patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that KLK10 expression of low status is significantly associated with longer DFS (p=0.001) as well as OS (p=0.021), suggesting that KLK10 gene expression may be used as a marker of unfavorable prognosis for CRC. As the epigenetics of cancer are unraveled, KLK10 may represent not only a novel biomarker, but also a promising future therapeutic target for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maroulio Talieri
- Department of Cellular Physiology, G. Papanicolaou Research Center of Oncology, Saint Savvas Cancer Hospital, 171, Alexandras Avenue, Athens, 11522, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Avgeris M, Mavridis K, Scorilas A. Kallikrein-related peptidase genes as promising biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring of human malignancies. Biol Chem 2010; 391:505-11. [PMID: 20302518 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue kallikrein (KLK1) and the kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK2-15) genes encode for a subgroup of 15 homologous secreted serine proteases possessing numerous physiological roles, such as the regulation of blood pressure, hormone processing and tissue remodeling. The expression of KLKs is detected in a broad spectrum of human tissues where it has been found to be regulated mainly by steroids hormones. The aberrant expression of KLKs, presented in many human malignancies, highlights the significance of this gene family for early diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of cancer patients, as it is strongly emphasized by the routine use of PSA (KLK3) for prostate cancer management. Here, we review the presently known data regarding the role of KLKs as cancer biomarkers, giving emphasis on novel information about the subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaritis Avgeris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vorkas PA, Poumpouridou N, Agelaki S, Kroupis C, Georgoulias V, Lianidou ES. PIK3CA hotspot mutation scanning by a novel and highly sensitive high-resolution small amplicon melting analysis method. J Mol Diagn 2010; 12:697-704. [PMID: 20616362 DOI: 10.2353/jmoldx.2010.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene have been discovered in many human cancers, and their presence correlates to therapy response. Three "hotspot" mutations within the PIK3CA gene are localized in exons 9 and 20. High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is a highly sensitive, robust, rapid, and cost-effective mutation analysis technique. We developed a novel methodology for the detection of hotspot mutations in exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene that is based on a combination of PCR and HRMA. The PIK3CA HRMA assay was evaluated by performing repeatability, sensitivity, and comparison with DNA sequencing studies and was further validated in 129 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissue samples: 99 tumors, 20 noncancerous, and 10 fibroadenomas. The developed methodology was further applied in a selected group of 75 breast cancer patients who underwent Trastuzumab treatment. In sensitivity studies, the assay presented a capability to detect as low as 1% of mutated dsDNA in the presence of wtDNA for both exons. In the 99 tumor samples (validation group), 12/99 (12.1%) exon 9 mutations and 20/99 (20.2%) exon 20 mutations were found. No mutations were found in noncancerous tissues. In fibroadenomas, we report one PIK3CA mutation for the first time. In the selected group, 30/75 (40%) samples were detected as mutants. The PIK3CA HRMA assay is highly sensitive, reliable, cost-effective, and easy-to-perform, and therefore can be used as a screening test in a high-throughput pharmacodiagnostic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis A Vorkas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mavridis K, Scorilas A. Prognostic value and biological role of the kallikrein-related peptidases in human malignancies. Future Oncol 2010; 6:269-85. [PMID: 20146586 DOI: 10.2217/fon.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a substantial health problem for the populations of the Western world. The discovery of new molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring patients' response to therapy can aid in combating this complicated disease. The human kallikrein-related peptidases (human tissue kallikreins [KLKs]) are encoded by a continuous multigene family, located on chromosomal region 19q13.3-4. KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen) is the most efficient cancer biomarker ever employed. KLK genes are expressed abnormally in various malignancies, where they affect cancer-cell growth and metastasis. Their deregulated expression pattern, often associated with various clinicopathological characteristics of cancer patients, can be exploited, solely or within multiparametric panels, as a prognostic biomarker. Recent data illustrate that discernible molecular modulations of KLKs, occurring as a result of cancer cells' treatment with antitumor agents, may serve as new potential biomarkers, possibly predicting patients' treatment response. It is believed that KLKs might be employed in future clinical practice as novel and effective tumor markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mavridis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Batra J, Tan OL, O'Mara T, Zammit R, Nagle CM, Clements JA, Kedda MA, Spurdle AB. Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 10 (KLK10) Expression and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Ovarian Cancer Survival. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2010; 20:529-36. [DOI: 10.1111/igc.0b013e3181d9273e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
33
|
Abstract
There is now a compelling body of evidences sustaining the importance of epigenetic mechanisms in the development and progression of cancer. DNA methylation, post-translational histone and other protein modifications, microRNA expression, and nucleosome positioning, all act together to exert their cellular effects. The epigenome is responsible for controlling gene expression thus defining cell differentiation and tissue specificity. This review will focus on DNA methylation and histone modification because these epigenetic events are widely implicated in cancer development and progression. We will in particular address the translational aspects of breast cancer epigenomics including the development of biomarkers and the prospects for epigenetic based pharmacologic treatments. The analysis of DNA methylation has the advantage over other molecular methods (e.g. single gene mutation, microsatellite analysis) that it can be detected with a very high degree of specificity even in the presence of excess unmethylated DNA. Furthermore, the presence of specific CpG methylation signatures makes methylation-based markers attractive diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools for better management of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parrella
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang Y, Song H, Miao Y, Wang R, Chen L. Frequent transcriptional inactivation of Kallikrein 10 gene by CpG island hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:934-40. [PMID: 20180809 PMCID: PMC11158746 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Kallikrein 10 gene (KLK10) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unknown. We determined the frequency and functional significance of KLK10 hypermethylation in NSCLC. The mRNA expression and methylation status of KLK10 in 78 pairs NSCLC specimens was explored. The biological effects of KLK10 were analyzed by transfection. The results showed that, KLK10 was significantly downregulated in NSCLC (57.7%, 45/78) as compared to non-cancer samples (P = 0.010). CpG island hypermethylation of KLK10 was detected in 46.2% (36/78) NSCLC tissues and was closely correlated with loss of transcript (P < 0.001). KLK10 methylation was associated with advanced stage (P = 0.013) and lymph metastasis (P = 0.015). Furthermore, demethylation treatment restored the expression of KLK10 in two lung adencarcinoma cell lines (A549, SPC-A1). Forced expression of KLK10 in A549 and SPC-A1 remarkably suppressed cells proliferation, migration in vitro and oncogenicity in vivo. Additionally, methylated KLK10 was detected in 38.7% (30/78) of plasma samples from cancer patients but rare in cancer-free controls (P < 0.001). In conclusion, KLK10 acts as a functional tumor suppressor gene in NSCLC, epigenetic inactivation of KLK10 is a common event contributing to NSCLC pathogenesis and may be used as a potential biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mutation scanning of exon 20 of the BRCA1 gene by high-resolution melting curve analysis. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:178-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|