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Wang F, Huang Y, Hou Z, Chen Y, Lou G, Qi Z, Zhang X, Dennis M, Zhang L, Wei Y, Yang D. Evolution and chemical diversity of the volatile compounds in Salvia species. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:493-506. [PMID: 38114450 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The plant essential oils are composed of volatile compounds and have significant value in preventing and treating neurological diseases, anxiety, depression, among others. The genus Salvia has been shown to be an important medicinal resource, especially the aerial parts of genus Salvia, which are rich in volatile compounds; however, the chemical diversity and distribution patterns of volatile compounds in Salvia species are still unknown. OBJECTIVE The work is performed to analyse the chemical diversity and distribution patterns of volatile compounds in genus Salvia. METHODS The genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to explore the evolution and chemical diversity of Salvia volatile compounds. Initially, the genetic relationship of genus Salvia was revealed by phylogenetic tree that was constructed based on SNPs. And then, GC-MS was applied to explore the chemical diversity of volatile compounds. RESULTS The results indicated that the volatile compounds were mainly monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and aliphatic compounds. The genomic SNPs divided species involved in this work into four branches. The volatile compounds in the first and second branches were mainly sesquiterpenoids and monoterpenoids, respectively. Species in the third branch contained more aliphatic compounds and sesquiterpenoids. And those in the fourth branch were also rich in monoterpenoids but had relatively simple chemical compositions. CONCLUSION This study offered new insights into the phylogenetic relationships besides chemistry diversity and distribution pattern of volatile compounds of genus Salvia, providing theoretical guidance for the investigations and development of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Huang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoni Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganggui Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhechen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mans Dennis
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Wei
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Botanical Garden/Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Centre for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Shaoxing, China
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Huang YB, Qi ZC, Feng JY, Ge BJ, Huang CZ, Feng YQ, Wu J, Wei PR, Ito T, Kokubugata G, Li P, Wei YK. Salvia guidongensis sp. nov.: unraveling a critical evolutionary link in East Asian Salvia from Central China integrating morphology, phylogeny, and plastid genomics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332443. [PMID: 38504896 PMCID: PMC10948445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Salvia L., representing the largest genus within the mint family, is noted for its global distribution of approximately 1000 species, with East Asia, and particularly China, recognized as a critical center of diversity for the genus. Methods Our research was conducted through extensive fieldwork in Guidong County, Hunan Province, China, where we identified a previously undescribed species of Salvia. The identification process involved detailed morphological observations, phylogenetic analyses, and plastid genomics. Results The newly discovered species, Salvia guidongensis, exhibits unique characteristics not commonly observed in the East Asian lineage of Salvia, including dual floral colors within natural populations-either pale purple or pale yellow. Morphologically, while it shares similarities with members of sect. Glutinaria, S. guidongensis is distinct in its floral morphology, stature, and specific foliar traits. Phylogenetic analysis places S. guidongensis in a unique clade within the East Asian lineage of Salvia, suggesting it may serve as an important evolutionary link. Additionally, we explored the plastome features of S. guidongensis, comparing them with those of closely related species. Discussion The discovery of S. guidongensis not only entriches the taxonomic tapestry of Salvia but also provides critical insights into the biogeography and evolutionary pathways of the genus in East Asia. By integrating morphological and molecular data, we validate the novel status of S. guidongensis and highlight its significance in bridging taxonomic and evolutionary gaps within Sect. Glutinaria of Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Huang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Qi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ying Feng
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin-Jie Ge
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu-Qing Feng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pu-Rui Wei
- East China Survey and Planning Institute of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, China
| | - Takuro Ito
- Tohoku University Botanical Gardens, 12-2 Kawauchi, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Goro Kokubugata
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pan Li
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wei
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Sustainable Plant Innovation, Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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3
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Yang H, Chen C, Han L, Zhang X, Yue M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the MYB Transcription Factor Family in Salvia nemorosa. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:110. [PMID: 38254999 PMCID: PMC10815335 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The MYB transcription factor gene family is among the most extensive superfamilies of transcription factors in plants and is involved in various essential functions, such as plant growth, defense, and pigment formation. Salvia nemorosa is a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and S. nemorosa has various colors and high ornamental value. However, there is little known about its genome-wide MYB gene family and response to flower color formation. In this study, 142 SnMYB genes (MYB genes of S. nemorosa) were totally identified, and phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, and expression profiles during flower development stages were analyzed. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that MYB proteins in S. nemorosa could be categorized into 24 subgroups, as supported by the conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Furthermore, according to their similarity with AtMYB genes associated with the control of anthocyanin production, ten SnMYB genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were speculated and chosen for further qRT-PCR analyses. The results indicated that five SnMYB genes (SnMYB75, SnMYB90, SnMYB6, SnMYB82, and SnMYB12) were expressed significantly differently in flower development stages. In conclusion, our study establishes the groundwork for understanding the anthocyanin biosynthesis of the SnMYB gene family and has the potential to enhance the breeding of S. nemorosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China;
| | - Chen Chen
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, No. 17 Cuihua South Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Limin Han
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Shenhe Avenue, Xi’an 710100, China;
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, No. 17 Cuihua South Road, Xi’an 710061, China; (C.C.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ming Yue
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China;
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Ayvazyan A, Deutsch L, Zidorn C, Kircher B, Çiçek SS. Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Salvia glutinosa and comparison with the tanshinone profile of danshen ( Salvia miltiorrhiza). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1269710. [PMID: 38116152 PMCID: PMC10729661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1269710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza are the source of the traditional Chinese medicine danshen and the class of tanshinones, particular quinoid nor-diterpenoids of the abietane type. Of these compounds, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone I, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA, have been extensively studied for their anticancer potential, not only but as well because of their high abundance in S. miltiorrhiza and their thus easy availability. However, also additional Salvia species are known to contain tanshinones, mainly such of the subgenus Glutinaria, of which S. glutinosa is the only species widely occurring in Europe. Using UHPLC-DAD-MS, the tanshinone profile of S. glutinosa roots collected from two different locations was compared to the profile in S. miltiorrhiza roots. In addition, tanshinone IIA and another six diterpenoids from S. glutinosa were investigated for their antiproliferative and cytotoxic potential against MDA-MB-231 and HL-60 cells. Apart from dihydrotanshinone I, which has been previously characterized due to its anticancer properties, we determined danshenol A as a highly antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent, significantly surpassing the effects of dihydrotanshinone I. With regard to the diterpenoid profile, S. miltiorrhiza showed a higher concentration for most of the tanshinones, except for (+)-danshexinkun A, which was present in comparable amounts in both species. Danshenol A, in contrast, was only present in S. glutinosa as were dehydroabietic acid and (+)-pisiferic acid. The results of our study underlines the long traditional use of danshen due to its high amount on tanshinones, but also demonstrates the potential value of investigating closely related species for the discovery of new biologically active lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpine Ayvazyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lenard Deutsch
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Serhat S. Çiçek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biotechnology, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
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Yu D, Pei Y, Cui N, Zhao G, Hou M, Chen Y, Chen J, Li X. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequences of Salvia regarding its worldwide distribution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14268. [PMID: 37652950 PMCID: PMC10471775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia is widely used as medicine, food, and ornamental plants all over the world, with three main distribution centers, the Central and western Asia/Mediterranean (CAM), the East Aisa (EA), and the Central and South America (CASA). Along with its large number of species and world-wide distribution, Salvia is paraphyletic with multiple diversity. Chloroplast genomes (CPs) are useful tools for analyzing the phylogeny of plants at lower taxonomic levels. In this study, we reported chloroplast genomes of five species of Salvia and performed phylogenetic analysis with current available CPs of Salvia. Repeated sequence analysis and comparative analysis of Salvia CPs were also performed with representative species from different distribution centers. The results showed that the genetic characters of the CPs are related to the geographic distribution of plants. Species from CAM diverged first to form a separate group, followed by species from EA, and finally species from CASA. Larger variations of CPs were observed in species from CAM, whereas more deficient sequences and less repeated sequences in the CPs were observed in species from CASA. These results provide valuable information on the development and utilization of the worldwide genetic resources of Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dade Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yifei Pei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengmeng Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jialei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiwen Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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6
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Hu J, Qiu S, Wang F, Li Q, Xiang CL, Di P, Wu Z, Jiang R, Li J, Zeng Z, Wang J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Fang S, Qiao Y, Ding J, Jiang Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Chen W. Functional divergence of CYP76AKs shapes the chemodiversity of abietane-type diterpenoids in genus Salvia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4696. [PMID: 37542034 PMCID: PMC10403556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) comprises myriad distinct medicinal herbs, with terpenoids as one of their major active chemical groups. Abietane-type diterpenoids (ATDs), such as tanshinones and carnosic acids, are specific to Salvia and exhibit taxonomic chemical diversity among lineages. To elucidate how ATD chemical diversity evolved, we carried out large-scale metabolic and phylogenetic analyses of 71 Salvia species, combined with enzyme function, ancestral sequence and chemical trait reconstruction, and comparative genomics experiments. This integrated approach showed that the lineage-wide ATD diversities in Salvia were induced by differences in the oxidation of the terpenoid skeleton at C-20, which was caused by the functional divergence of the cytochrome P450 subfamily CYP76AK. These findings present a unique pattern of chemical diversity in plants that was shaped by the loss of enzyme activity and associated catalytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Hu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Feiyan Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Peng Di
- State Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ziding Wu
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuqi Qiao
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Urban Horticulture Research and Extension Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Urban Horticulture Research and Extension Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wansheng Chen
- The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources & Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Xia J, Lou G, Zhang L, Huang Y, Yang J, Guo J, Qi Z, Li Z, Zhang G, Xu S, Song X, Zhang X, Wei Y, Liang Z, Yang D. Unveiling the spatial distribution and molecular mechanisms of terpenoid biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. grandifolia using multi-omics and DESI-MSI. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad109. [PMID: 37577405 PMCID: PMC10419090 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza and S. grandifolia are rich in diterpenoids and have therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the spatial distribution of diterpenoids in both species was analyzed by a combination of metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging techniques. The results indicated that diterpenoids in S. miltiorrhiza were mainly abietane-type norditerpenoid quinones with a furan or dihydrofuran D-ring and were mainly distributed in the periderm of the roots, e.g. cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA. The compounds in S. grandifolia were mainly phenolic abietane-type tricyclic diterpenoids with six- or seven-membered C-rings, and were widely distributed in the periderm, phloem, and xylem of the roots, e.g. 11-hydroxy-sugiol, 11,20-dihydroxy-sugiol, and 11,20-dihydroxy-ferruginol. In addition, the leaves of S. grandifolia were rich in tanshinone biosynthesis precursors, such as 11-hydroxy-sugiol, while those of S. miltiorrhiza were rich in phenolic acids. Genes in the upstream pathway of tanshinone biosynthesis were highly expressed in the root of S. grandifolia, and genes in the downstream pathway were highly expressed in the root of S. miltiorrhiza. Here, we describe the specific tissue distributions and mechanisms of diterpenoids in two Salvia species, which will facilitate further investigations of the biosynthesis of diterpenoids in plant synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ganggui Lou
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Huang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, 200000, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100000, Beijing, China
| | - Zhechen Qi
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Zhejiang Shouxiangu Botanical Drug Institute Co., Ltd, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Zhejiang Shouxiangu Botanical Drug Institute Co., Ltd, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xijiao Song
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Wei
- Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310000, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Moein F, Jamzad Z, Rahiminejad M, Landis JB, Mirtadzadini M, Soltis DE, Soltis PS. Towards a global perspective for Salvia L.: Phylogeny, diversification and floral evolution. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:589-604. [PMID: 36759951 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Salvia is the most species-rich genus in Lamiaceae, encompassing approximately 1000 species distributed all over the world. We sought a new evolutionary perspective for Salvia by employing macroevolutionary analyses to address the tempo and mode of diversification. To study the association of floral traits with speciation and extinction, we modelled and explored the evolution of corolla length and the lever-mechanism pollination system across our Salvia phylogeny. We reconstructed a multigene phylogeny for 366 species of Salvia in the broad sense including all major recognized lineages and 50 species from Iran, a region previously overlooked in studies of the genus. Our comprehensive sampling of Iranian species of Salvia provides higher phylogenetic resolution for southwestern Asian species than obtained in previous studies. Our phylogenetic data in combination with divergence time estimates were used to examine the evolution of corolla length, woody versus herbaceous habit, and presence versus absence of a lever mechanism. We investigated the timing and dependence of Salvia diversification related to corolla length evolution through a disparity test and BAMM analysis. A HiSSE model was used to evaluate the dependency of diversification on the lever-mechanism pollination system in Salvia. A medium corolla length (15-18 mm) was reconstructed as the ancestral state for Salvia with multiple shifts to shorter and longer corollas. Macroevolutionary model analyses indicate that corolla length disparity is high throughout Salvia evolution, significantly different from expectations under a Brownian motion model during the last 28 million years of evolution. Our analyses show evidence of a higher diversification rate of corolla length for some Andean species of Salvia compared to other members of the genus. Based on our tests of diversification models, we reject the hypothesis of a direct effect of the lever mechanism on Salvia diversification. Therefore, we suggest caution in considering the lever-mechanism pollination system as one of the main drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moein
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ziba Jamzad
- Department of Botany, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Rahiminejad
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jacob B Landis
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology and the L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,BTI Computational Biology Center, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Douglas E Soltis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,The Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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9
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Cheng Y, Huang Y, Yuan F, Sheng Y, Yang D, Wei Y, Abozeid A. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Salvia chienii E.Peter, 1936 (Lamiaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:255-259. [PMID: 36816054 PMCID: PMC9930746 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2175978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia chienii E.Peter is a medicinal herb mainly distributed in Huangshan Mountain of Anhui province, China. In this study, the first complete chloroplast genome of S. chienii was sequenced and assembled. The genome length was 151,530 bp and encoded 143 genes (91 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes). The phylogenomic analysis showed that S. chienii was closely related to S. miltiorrhiza. Further evolutionary studies of the genus Salvia could benefit from the complete chloroplast genome of S. chienii present in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Huang
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhai Yuan
- Changzhou Menghe Shuangfeng Chinese Herbal Medicine Technology Co. LTD, Changzhou, China
| | - Yelong Sheng
- Changzhou Menghe Shuangfeng Chinese Herbal Medicine Technology Co. LTD, Changzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- CONTACT Dongfeng Yang Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, -College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Wei
- Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China,Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China,Yukun Wei Shanghai Botanical Garden, Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Ann Abozeid
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
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10
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Chang Y, Zhao S, Xiao H, Liu D, Huang Y, Wei Y, Ma Y. Unusual patterns of hybridization involving two alpine Salvia species: Absence of both F 1 and backcrossed hybrids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010577. [PMID: 36330249 PMCID: PMC9623266 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization plays an important role in speciation; however, we still know little about the mechanisms underlying the early stages of hybrid speciation. Hybrid zones are commonly dominated by F1s, or backcrosses, which impedes further speciation. In the present study, morphological traits and double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) data have been used to confirm natural hybridization between Salvia flava and S. castanea, the first case of identification of natural hybridization using combined phenotypic and molecular evidence in the East Asian clade of Salvia. We further examined several reproductive barriers in both pre-zygotic and post-zygotic reproductive stages to clarify the causes and consequences of the hybridization pattern. Our results revealed that reproductive isolation between the two species was strong despite the occurrence of hybridization. Interestingly, we found that most of the hybrids were likely to be F2s. This is a very unusual pattern of hybridization, and has rarely been reported before. The prevalence of geitonogamy within these self-compatible hybrids due to short distance foraging by pollinators might explain the origin of this unusual pattern. F2s can self-breed and develop further, therefore, we might be witnessing the early stages of hybrid speciation. Our study provides a new case for understanding the diversification of plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengxuan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanwen Xiao
- Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Detuan Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbo Huang
- Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukun Wei
- Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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11
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Investigation of the Composition, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxicity Properties of Salvia abrotanoides Essential Oil. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9304977. [PMID: 36276862 PMCID: PMC9586739 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9304977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants present promising attributes in traditional medicine based on earlier published documents. Most of the essential oils derived from vascular plants display a significant role in dealing with microbial and inflammation infections. This research aimed to provide informative knowledge about the composition, antimicrobial, and anticytotoxicity of Salvia abrotanoides essential oil. In this study, the chemical composition of S. abrotanoides was determined using FTIR and GC-MS analysis which demonstrated the significant number of monoterpenes in the constitutes. The antimicrobial activity of EO demonstrated a dose-related effect on several pathogenic bacteria and fungi; among bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria exhibited more sensitivity to the essential oil antimicrobial compounds. On the other hand, S. abrotanoides essential oil did not present antifungal activity as high as Fluconazole on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of essential oil were determined as 14.70 ± 1.4 mg·GA/g essential oil and 2.93 ± 0.41 mg Q/g essential oil, respectively. The antioxidant activity of essential oils was investigated, and it was not as high as positive controls. Moreover, the microscopic changes of S. aureus and E. coli were investigated using SEM images. The cytotoxicity potential of essential oil was evaluated on L929 and A459 cell lines and also it was estimated to be stronger on A459 cell line than that of L929.
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12
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Comparative Genomics and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Chloroplast Genomes in Three Medicinal Salvia Species for Bioexploration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012080. [PMID: 36292964 PMCID: PMC9603726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To systematically determine their phylogenetic relationships and develop molecular markers for species discrimination of Salvia bowleyana, S. splendens, and S. officinalis, we sequenced their chloroplast genomes using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. The chloroplast genomes length of S. bowleyana, S. splendens, and S. officinalis were 151,387 bp, 150,604 bp, and 151,163 bp, respectively. The six genes ndhB, rpl2, rpl23, rps7, rps12, and ycf2 were present in the IR regions. The chloroplast genomes of S. bowleyana, S. splendens, and S. officinalis contain 29 tandem repeats; 35, 29, 24 simple-sequence repeats, and 47, 49, 40 interspersed repeats, respectively. The three specific intergenic sequences (IGS) of rps16-trnQ-UUG, trnL-UAA-trnF-GAA, and trnM-CAU-atpE were found to discriminate the 23 Salvia species. A total of 91 intergenic spacer sequences were identified through genetic distance analysis. The two specific IGS regions (trnG-GCC-trnM-CAU and ycf3-trnS-GGA) have the highest K2p value identified in the three studied Salvia species. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree showed that the 23 Salvia species formed a monophyletic group. Two pairs of genus-specific DNA barcode primers were found. The results will provide a solid foundation to understand the phylogenetic classification of the three Salvia species. Moreover, the specific intergenic regions can provide the probability to discriminate the Salvia species between the phenotype and the distinction of gene fragments.
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13
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The Flavone Cirsiliol from Salvia x jamensis Binds the F 1 Moiety of ATP Synthase, Modulating Free Radical Production. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193169. [PMID: 36231131 PMCID: PMC9562182 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that mammalian retinal rod outer segments (OS) are peculiar structures devoid of mitochondria, characterized by ectopic expression of the molecular machinery for oxidative phosphorylation. Such ectopic aerobic metabolism would provide the chemical energy for the phototransduction taking place in the OS. Natural polyphenols include a large variety of molecules having pleiotropic effects, ranging from anti-inflammatory to antioxidant and others. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential of the flavonoid cirsiliol, a trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone extracted from Salvia x jamensis, in modulating reactive oxygen species production by the ectopic oxidative phosphorylation taking place in the OS. Our molecular docking analysis identified cirsiliol binding sites inside the F1 moiety of the nanomotor F1Fo-ATP synthase. The experimental approach was based on luminometry, spectrophotometry and cytofluorimetry to evaluate ATP synthesis, respiratory chain complex activity and H2O2 production, respectively. The results showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of ATP production by cirsiliol. Moreover, cirsiliol was effective in reducing the free radical production by the OS exposed to ambient light. We report a considerable protective effect of cirsiliol on the structural stability of rod OS, suggesting it may be considered a promising compound against oxidative stress.
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Microhabitat and Pollinator Differentiation Drive Reproductive Isolation between Two Sympatric Salvia Species (Lamiaceae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11182423. [PMID: 36145824 PMCID: PMC9506227 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of multiple barriers contributing to reproductive isolation between sympatric plant species is key to understanding the mechanism of their coexistence; however, such investigations in biodiversity hotspots are still rare. In this study, we investigated and compared geography, microhabitat, phenology, flora, and pollinators, in addition to pollen–pistil interactions, seed production, and seed germination of the closely related sympatric Salvia digitaloides and S. flava on Yulong Snow Mountain, Southwestern Yunnan, China. The geographic distribution of these species overlapped, but their adaptation to physical and chemical properties of soil microhabitats differed. They shared the same flowering time but differed in flower size, style length, nectar volume, sugar concentration, and flower longevity. Both species shared bumblebees as effective pollinators, but flower constancy for the two species was relatively strong. Pollen tube growth, seed production, and seed germination were lower in interspecific than in intraspecific crosses. Our study suggested that microhabitat and pollinator isolation acted as the most important isolating barriers in maintaining the coexistence of the two Salvia species. Our study also highlighted that post-pollination barriers play an important role in preventing the gene flow between these two Salvia species.
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15
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Integration of Repeatomic and Cytogenetic Data on Satellite DNA for the Genome Analysis in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172244. [PMID: 36079625 PMCID: PMC9460151 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Within the complicated and controversial taxonomy of cosmopolitan genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) are valuable species Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia sclarea L., which are important for the pharmaceutical, ornamental horticulture, food, and perfume industries. Genome organization and chromosome structure of these essential oil species remain insufficiently studied. For the first time, the comparative repeatome analysis of S. officinalis and S. sclarea was performed using the obtained NGS data, RepeatExplorer/TAREAN pipelines and FISH-based chromosome mapping of the revealed satellite DNA families (satDNAs). In repeatomes of these species, LTR retrotransposons made up the majority of their repetitive DNA. Interspecific variations in genome abundance of Class I and Class II transposable elements, ribosomal DNA, and satellite DNA were revealed. Four (S. sclarea) and twelve (S. officinalis) putative satDNAs were identified. Based on patterns of chromosomal distribution of 45S rDNA; 5S rDNA and the revealed satDNAs, karyograms of S. officinalis and S. sclarea were constructed. Promising satDNAs which can be further used as chromosome markers to assess inter- and intraspecific chromosome variability in Salvia karyotypes were determined. The specific localization of homologous satDNA and 45S rDNA on chromosomes of the studied Salvia species confirmed their common origin, which is consistent with previously reported molecular phylogenetic data.
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16
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Li CY, Yang L, Liu Y, Xu ZG, Gao J, Huang YB, Xu JJ, Fan H, Kong Y, Wei YK, Hu WL, Wang LJ, Zhao Q, Hu YH, Zhang YJ, Martin C, Chen XY. The sage genome provides insight into the evolutionary dynamics of diterpene biosynthesis gene cluster in plants. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111236. [PMID: 35977487 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely cultivated medicinal and ornamental plant sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is an evergreen shrub of the Lamiaceae family, native to the Mediterranean. We assembled a high-quality sage genome of 480 Mb on seven chromosomes, and identified a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) encoding two pairs of diterpene synthases (diTPSs) that, together with the cytochromes P450 (CYPs) genes located inside and outside the cluster, form two expression cascades responsible for the shoot and root diterpenoids, respectively, thus extending BGC functionality from co-regulation to orchestrating metabolite production in different organs. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that the Salvia clades diverged in the early Miocene. In East Asia, most Salvia species are herbaceous and accumulate diterpenoids in storage roots. Notably, in Chinese sage S. miltiorrhiza, the diterpene BGC has contracted and the shoot cascade has been lost. Our data provide genomic insights of micro-evolution of growth type-associated patterning of specialized metabolite production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhou-Geng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Wen-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yi-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Fenglin Road 300, Shanghai 201602, China.
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17
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Sennikov A, Turdiboev O. Species conservation profile and revision of Salviakorolkowii (Lamiaceae, Lamiales), a narrow endemic of the Western Tian-Shan. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e89437. [PMID: 36761667 PMCID: PMC9848477 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e89437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salviakorolkowii (Lamiaceae) has been considered a species of highest conservation priority due to its narrow distribution and isolated taxonomic position. The species has been known from Uzbekistan and, questionably, Kyrgyzstan and treated as endemic to the Western Tian-Shan. Its modern conservation status according to the IUCN Criteria has not been established. New information The taxonomic position of Salviakorolkowii is evaluated; the species is treated as the sole member of S.sect.Odontochilus (Pobed.) Sennikov, comb. nov. because of its morphological differences and phylogenetic isolation. The herbarium collections are completely revised and the species is proven to occur mainly in Uzbekistan with a single locality (new country record) in Kazakhstan; its former report from Kyrgyzstan (one locality) is confirmed and documented by herbarium specimens. The species occurrences are mapped and its conservation status is assessed as Vulnerable due to the restricted size and continuous decline of its populations because of the ongoing degradation and destruction of its primary habitat (variegated outcrops) at lower elevations. This study highlights the importance of a thorough revision of herbarium collections in Central Asia for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sennikov
- University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Obidjon Turdiboev
- Institute of Botany, Tashkent, UzbekistanInstitute of BotanyTashkentUzbekistan
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18
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Du Z, Yuan F, Huang Y, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Wei Y, Yang D. The complete chloroplast genome of Salvia liguliloba Y. Z. Sun (Lamiaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:1355-1356. [PMID: 35903301 PMCID: PMC9318229 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2097486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia liguliloba Y. Z. Sun is a plant species endemic to the Tianmu Mountains. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome of S. liguliloba. The chloroplast genome of S. liguliloba was 151,490 bp with quadripartite structure in length, which contained 124 encoded genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. Our phylogenetic analysis result based on 54 chloroplast genomes revealed that S. liguliloba was closely related to S. miltiorrhiza according to the current sampling extent in Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Du
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuhai Yuan
- Changzhou Menghe Shuangfeng Chinese Herbal Medicine Technology Co. Ltd., Changzhou, China
| | - Yanbo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Krol A, Kokotkiewicz A, Luczkiewicz M. White Sage (Salvia apiana)-a Ritual and Medicinal Plant of the Chaparral: Plant Characteristics in Comparison with Other Salvia Species. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:604-627. [PMID: 33890254 DOI: 10.1055/a-1453-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salvia apiana, commonly known as white sage, is an aromatic evergreen subshrub of the chaparral, commonly found in coastal plains in California and Baja California. It has been traditionally used by the Chumash people as a ritual and medicinal plant and used as a calmative, a diuretic, and a remedy for the common cold. However, until recently, relatively little has been known about the composition and biological activity of white sage. Phytochemical studies on S. apiana revealed the presence of substantial amounts of essential oil, accompanied by a variety of triterpenes, C23 terpenoids, diterpenes, and flavonoids. Extracts of the plant have been shown to exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects. The influence of white sage constituents on the nervous system, including GABA, opioid, and cannabinoid receptors, has also been documented. The review aimed to compile information on the taxonomy, botany, chemical composition, and biological activities of S. apiana. White sage was compared with other representatives of the genus in terms of chemical composition. The differences and similarities between S. apiana and other sage species were noted and discussed in the context of their therapeutic applications. Reports on ethnomedicinal uses of white sage were confronted with reports on chemistry, bioactivity, and bioavailability of S. apiana constituents. Finally, a critical assessment of the available data was made and perspectives for the use of white sage preparations in modern phytomedicine were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Krol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Kokotkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Luczkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, Aguirre-Hernández E, Fragoso-Martínez I, González-Trujano ME, Basurto-Peña FA, Martínez-Gordillo MJ. A Review on the Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of the Neotropical Sages ( Salvia Subgenus Calosphace; Lamiaceae) Emphasizing Mexican Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867892. [PMID: 35517814 PMCID: PMC9061990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia is the most diverse genus within the mint family (Lamiaceae), many of its species are well-known due to their medicinal and culinary uses. Most of the ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on Salvia are centred on species from the European and Asian clades. However, studies about the most diverse clade, the Neotropical sages (Salvia subgenus Calosphace; 587 spp.), are relatively scarce. This review aims to compile the information on the traditional medicinal uses, pharmacological and phytochemistry properties of the Neotropical sages. To do so, we carried out a comprehensive review of the articles available in different online databases published from the past to 2022 (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, among others) and summarized the information in tables. To uncover phylogenetic patterns in the distribution of four different groups of metabolites (mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes), we generated presence-absence matrices and plotted the tip states over a dated phylogeny of Salvia. We found several studies involving Mexican species of Salvia, but only a few about taxa from other diversity centres. The main traditional uses of the Mexican species of Calosphace are medicinal and ceremonial. In traditional medicine 56 species are used to treat diseases from 17 categories according to the WHO, plus cultural-bound syndromes. Pharmacological studies reveal a wide range of biological properties (e.g., antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic, etc.) found in extracts and isolated compounds of 38 Neotropical sages. From extracts of these species, at least 109 compounds have been isolated, identified and evaluated pharmacologically; 73 of these compounds are clerodanes, 21 abietanes, six flavonoids, five sesquiterpenoids, and four triterpenoids. The most characteristic metabolites found in the Neotropical sages are the diterpenes, particularly clerodanes (e.g., Amarisolide A, Tilifodiolide), that are found almost exclusively in this group. The Neotropical sages are a promising resource in the production of herbal medication, but studies that corroborate the properties that have been attributed to them in traditional medicine are scarce. Research of these metabolites guided by the phylogenies is recommended, since closely related species tend to share the presence of similar compounds and thus similar medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco A. Basurto-Peña
- Jardin Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Feng J, Liao F, Kong D, Ren R, Sun T, Liu W, Yin Y, Ma H, Tang J, Li G. Genetic diversity of the cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza populations revealed by four intergenic spacers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266536. [PMID: 35385538 PMCID: PMC8985983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For better understanding the genetic diversity and phylogeny of the cultivated Salvia miltiorrhiza populations, four intergenic spacer sequences, ETS, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, and ycf1-rps15 of the 40 populations collected from China were Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplified, analyzed both individually and in combination. Haplotype diversity analysis showed that the cultivated S. miltiorrhiza populations had a very rich genetic diversity and an excellent capacity to resist environmental pressure. The best-fit nucleotide substitution models for ETS, psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF, ycf1-rps15, and their combined sequences were HKY+I, T92, T92, T92+G, and T92+G, respectively; the nucleotide conversion frequency in the combined sequences was lower than the transversion, and the relatively high nucleotide substitution frequencies suggests its high genetic variability. Neutral tests showed that the spacer sequences of the populations conform with the neutral evolution model, and there has been no current expansion events occurred. Phylogeny analyses based on both the individual and the combined sequences showed that the 40 populations were clustered in two clades with a very similar topological structure. The discrimination rate of the combined sequence marker is significantly increased to 52.5% (21 populations) over the highest 35% (13 populations) by the single marker of ETS, though still inadequate but a big step forward. Further exploration of more DNA markers is needed. This study for the first time revealed the rich genetic diversity and phylogeny of the currently cultivated S. miltiorrhiza populations in China and provides novel alternative molecular markers for the genetic identification and resources evaluation of the cultivated S. miltiorrhiza populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Liao
- Animal, Plant and Foodstuff Inspection Center, Tianjin Customs, Tianjin, China
| | - Deying Kong
- Technology Center, Chongqing Customs, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruihua Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Technology Center, Chongqing Customs, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanyan Yin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyu Ma
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahao Tang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanrong Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Song JJ, Fang X, Li CY, Jiang Y, Li JX, Wu S, Guo J, Liu Y, Fan H, Huang YB, Wei YK, Kong Y, Zhao Q, Xu JJ, Hu YH, Chen XY, Yang L. A 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase converts dihydrofuran to furan in Salvia diterpenoids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1496-1506. [PMID: 34893909 PMCID: PMC8896610 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tanshinone ⅡA (TⅡA), a diterpene quinone with a furan ring, is a bioactive compound found in the medicinal herb redroot sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), in which both furan and dihydrofuran analogs are present in abundance. Progress has been made recently in elucidating the tanshinone biosynthetic pathway, including heterocyclization of the dihydrofuran D-ring by cytochrome P450s; however, dehydrogenation of dihydrofuran to furan, a key step of furan ring formation, remains uncharacterized. Here, by differential transcriptome mining, we identified six 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) genes whose expressions corresponded to tanshinone biosynthesis. We showed that Sm2-ODD14 acts as a dehydrogenase catalyzing the furan ring aromatization. In vitro Sm2-ODD14 converted cryptotanshinone to TⅡA and thus was designated TⅡA synthase (SmTⅡAS). Furthermore, SmTⅡAS showed a strict substrate specificity, and repression of SmTⅡAS expression in hairy root by RNAi led to increased accumulation of total dihydrofuran-tanshinones and decreased production of furan-tanshinones. We conclude that SmTⅡAS controls the metabolite flux from dihydrofuran- to furan-tanshinones, which influences medicinal properties of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chen-Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jian-Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Juan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Yong-Hong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences/Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
- Author for communication:
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23
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Nazar N, Howard C, Slater A, Sgamma T. Challenges in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants DNA Barcoding-Lessons from the Lamiaceae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:137. [PMID: 35009140 PMCID: PMC8747715 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential value of DNA barcoding for the identification of medicinal plants and authentication of traded plant materials has been widely recognized; however, a number of challenges remain before DNA methods are fully accepted as an essential quality control method by industry and regulatory authorities. The successes and limitations of conventional DNA barcoding are considered in relation to important members of the Lamiaceae. The mint family (Lamiaceae) contains over one thousand species recorded as having a medicinal use, with many more exploited in food and cosmetics for their aromatic properties. The family is characterized by a diversity of secondary products, most notably the essential oils (EOs) produced in external glandular structures on the aerial parts of the plant that typify well-known plants of the basil (Ocimum), lavender (Lavandula), mint (Mentha), thyme (Thymus), sage (Salvia) and related genera. This complex, species-rich family includes widely cultivated commercial hybrids and endangered wild-harvested traditional medicines, and examples of potential toxic adulterants within the family are explored in detail. The opportunities provided by next generation sequencing technologies to whole plastome barcoding and nuclear genome sequencing are also discussed with relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Nazar
- Biomolecular Technology Group, Leicester School of Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Caroline Howard
- Tree of Life Programme, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK;
| | - Adrian Slater
- Biomolecular Technology Group, Leicester School of Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Tiziana Sgamma
- Biomolecular Technology Group, Leicester School of Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The decrease of wild reserves and the sharp increase of market demand have led to resource substitution, but it is still not clear how to discover medicinal alternative resources. Here we reveal the biology of medicinal resource substitution in the case of Salvia. METHODS A hypothesis was put forward that phylogeny and ecology were the main factors which determined alternative species selection. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on chloroplast genomes. Spatial climatic pattern was assessed through three mathematical models. RESULTS Salvia miltiorrhiza and alternative species were mainly located in Clade 3 in topology, and their growth environment was clustered into an independent group 3 inferred from principal component analysis. Correlation and Maxent major climate factor analyses showed that the ecological variations within each lineage were significantly smaller than the overall divergent between any two lineages. Mantel test reconfirmed the inalienability between phylogeny and ecology (P = 0.002). Only the species that are genetically and ecologically related to S. miltiorrhiza can form a cluster with it. CONCLUSIONS Phylogenetic relationship and geographical climate work together to determine which species has the potential to be selected as substitutes. Other medicinal plants can learn from this biology towards developing alternative resources.
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Rose JP, Kriebel R, Kahan L, DiNicola A, González-Gallegos JG, Celep F, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ, Drew BT. Sage Insights Into the Phylogeny of Salvia: Dealing With Sources of Discordance Within and Across Genomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767478. [PMID: 34899789 PMCID: PMC8652245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated new phylogenomic approaches to help clarify previously intractable relationships while simultaneously highlighting the pervasive nature of incongruence within and among genomes that can complicate definitive taxonomic conclusions. Salvia L., with ∼1,000 species, makes up nearly 15% of the species diversity in the mint family and has attracted great interest from biologists across subdisciplines. Despite the great progress that has been achieved in discerning the placement of Salvia within Lamiaceae and in clarifying its infrageneric relationships through plastid, nuclear ribosomal, and nuclear single-copy genes, the incomplete resolution has left open major questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships among and within the subgenera, as well as to what extent the infrageneric relationships differ across genomes. We expanded a previously published anchored hybrid enrichment dataset of 35 exemplars of Salvia to 179 terminals. We also reconstructed nearly complete plastomes for these samples from off-target reads. We used these data to examine the concordance and discordance among the nuclear loci and between the nuclear and plastid genomes in detail, elucidating both broad-scale and species-level relationships within Salvia. We found that despite the widespread gene tree discordance, nuclear phylogenies reconstructed using concatenated, coalescent, and network-based approaches recover a common backbone topology. Moreover, all subgenera, except for Audibertia, are strongly supported as monophyletic in all analyses. The plastome genealogy is largely resolved and is congruent with the nuclear backbone. However, multiple analyses suggest that incomplete lineage sorting does not fully explain the gene tree discordance. Instead, horizontal gene flow has been important in both the deep and more recent history of Salvia. Our results provide a robust species tree of Salvia across phylogenetic scales and genomes. Future comparative analyses in the genus will need to account for the impacts of hybridization/introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in topology and divergence time estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P. Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Larissa Kahan
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexa DiNicola
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, Turkey
| | - Emily M. Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Kenneth J. Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
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26
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Lara-Cabrera SI, Perez-Garcia MDLL, Maya-Lastra CA, Montero-Castro JC, Godden GT, Cibrian-Jaramillo A, Fisher AE, Porter JM. Phylogenomics of Salvia L. subgenus Calosphace (Lamiaceae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:725900. [PMID: 34721456 PMCID: PMC8554000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.725900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary relationships of Salvia have been difficult to estimate. In this study, we used the Next Generation Sequencing method Hyb-Seq to evaluate relationships among 90 Lamiaceae samples, including representatives of Mentheae, Ocimeae, Salvia subgenera Audibertia, Leonia, Salvia, and 69 species of subgenus Calosphace, representing 32 of Epling's sections. A bait set was designed in MarkerMiner using available transcriptome data to enrich 119 variable nuclear loci. Nuclear and chloroplast loci were assembled with hybphylomaker (HPM), followed by coalescent approach analyses for nuclear data (ASTRAL, BEAST) and a concatenated Maximum Likelihood analysis of chloroplast loci. The HPM assembly had an average of 1,314,368 mapped reads for the sample and 527 putative exons. Phylogenetic inferences resolved strongly supported relationships for the deep-level nodes, agreeing with previous hypotheses which assumed that subgenus Audibertia is sister to subgenus Calosphace. Within subgenus Calosphace, we recovered eight monophyletic sections sensu Epling, Cardinalis, Hastatae, Incarnatae, and Uricae in all the analyses (nDNA and cpDNA), Biflorae, Lavanduloideae, and Sigmoideae in nuclear analyses (ASTRAL, BEAST) and Curtiflorae in ASTRAL trees. Network analysis supports deep node relationships, some of the main clades, and recovers reticulation within the core Calosphace. The chloroplast phylogeny resolved deep nodes and four monophyletic Calosphace sections. Placement of S. axillaris is distinct in nuclear evidence and chloroplast, as sister to the rest of the S. subg. Calosphace in chloroplast and a clade with "Hastatae clade" sister to the rest of the subgenus in nuclear evidence. We also tested the monophyly of S. hispanica, S. polystachia, S. purpurea, and S. tiliifolia, including two samples of each, and found that S. hispanica and S. purpurea are monophyletic. Our baits can be used in future studies of Lamiaceae phylogeny to estimate relationships between genera and among species. In this study, we presented a Hyb-Seq phylogeny for complex, recently diverged Salvia, which could be implemented in other Lamiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Irene Lara-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular de Plantas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Maria de la Luz Perez-Garcia
- Departamento de Botánica y Zoología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alonso Maya-Lastra
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Montero-Castro
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Molecular de Plantas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Grant T. Godden
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Angelica Cibrian-Jaramillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada del Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Amanda E. Fisher
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States
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Kim M, Kim JY, Yang HS, Choe JS, Hwang IG. Nepetoidin B from Salvia plebeia R. Br. Inhibits Inflammation by Modulating the NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Macrophage Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081208. [PMID: 34439456 PMCID: PMC8388923 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia plebeia has been used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases, as well as colds and bronchitis. Macrophages have antioxidant defense mechanisms to cope with the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as part of the immune response. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathway in inflamed macrophages is an appealing target due to its protective effect against ROS-induced cell damage. In this study, nepetoidin B (NeB) was first isolated from S. plebeia and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeB reduced pro-inflammatory mediators (nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the NeB-treated group, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher, and ROS expression decreased. By activating Nrf2 signaling, NeB enhanced HO-1 expression. Furthermore, when the cells were pretreated with tin protoporphyrin (an HO-1 inhibitor), the anti-inflammatory effects of NeB were reduced. Therefore, NeB may activate the Nrf2/ HO-1 pathway. These results reveal the NeB isolated from S. plebeia exerts anti-inflammatory effects by modulating NF-κB signaling and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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28
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Zhou X, Zhang ZC, Huang YB, Xiao HW, Wu JJ, Qi ZC, Wei YK. Conservation Genomics of Wild Red Sage ( Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Its Endangered Relatives in China: Population Structure and Interspecific Relationships Revealed From 2b-RAD Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:688323. [PMID: 34046061 PMCID: PMC8144715 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Red sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a widely used medicinal plant for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because of excessive excavation by huge market demand and habitat loss by human activities, the wild population resources of S. miltiorrhiza have reduced drastically in recent years. Meanwhile, population status of two closely related species S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza were in a trend of decreasing due to their potential replacement of S. miltiorrhiza. Particularly, S. paramiltiorrhiza was threatened and endemic to a small region in eastern China. However, to date there has been no conservation genetic research reported for wild S. miltiorrhiza population and its endangered relatives. Assess the wild germplasm diversity for S. miltiorrhiza and its related species would provide fundamental genetic background for cultivation and molecular breeding of this medicinally important species. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity, population structure, and intra/inter-specific differentiation of S. miltiorrhiza and above two relatives using 2b-RAD genome-wide genotyping method. By investigating 81 individuals of S. miltiorrhiza, 55 individuals of S. bowleyana and 15 individuals of S. paramiltiorrhiza from 23 locations in China, we obtained 23,928 SNPs in total. A comparatively high genetic diversity was observed in S. miltiorrhiza (π = 0.0788, H e = 0.0783 ± 0.0007). The observed and expected heterozygosity in populations of these three species ranged from 0.0297 to 0.1481 and 0.0251 to 0.831, respectively. Two major lineage groups were detected in the examined S. miltiorrhiza populations. The results indicated that Dabie Mountain as a genetic diversity center of S. miltiorrhiza and possible complex inter-specific genetic exchange/hybridization occurred between S. miltiorrhiza and the two relatives. We suggest that strategic conservation and germplasm preservation should be considered not only for wild populations of S. miltiorrhiza, but also for its related S. bowleyana and S. paramiltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Bo Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Han-Wen Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Jie Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Qi
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources and Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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29
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Zhao F, Wu YW, Drew BT, Yao G, Chen YP, Cai J, Liu ED, Li B, Xiang CL. Systematic Placement of the Enigmatic Southeast Asian Genus Paralamium and an Updated Phylogeny of Tribe Pogostemoneae (Lamiaceae Subfamily Lamioideae). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646133. [PMID: 33936133 PMCID: PMC8085563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paralamium (Lamiaceae) is a monotypic genus within the subfamily Lamioideae and has a sporadic distribution in subtropical mountains of southeast Asia. Although recent studies have greatly improved our understanding of generic relationships within Lamioideae, the second most species-rich subfamily of Lamiaceae, the systematic position of Paralamium within the subfamily remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic placement of the genus using three datasets: (1) a 69,276 bp plastome alignment of Lamiaceae; (2) a five chloroplast DNA region dataset of tribe Pogostemoneae, and (3) a nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region dataset of Pogostemoneae. These analyses demonstrate that Paralamium is a member of Pogostemoneae and sister to the monotypic genus Craniotome. In addition, generic-level phylogenetic relationships within Pogostemoneae are also discussed, and a dichotomous key for genera within Pogostemoneae is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, United States
| | - Gang Yao
- South China Limestone Plants Center, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - En-De Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Li
- Research Centre of Ecological Sciences, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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30
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Wu H, Ma PF, Li HT, Hu GX, Li DZ. Comparative plastomic analysis and insights into the phylogeny of Salvia (Lamiaceae). PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:15-26. [PMID: 33778221 PMCID: PMC7987561 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvia is the largest genus of Lamiaceae, with almost 1000 species, and has been divided into 11 subgenera. Salvia subg. Glutinaria, native to East Asia, is particularly important because of its potential medicinal value. However, the interspecific relationships of this subgenus have not been resolved and the plastomes of Salvia have rarely been studied. In the current study, we compared plastid genome structure and organization of 19 species of Salvia (14 newly sequenced and 5 previously published). Our comparative analysis showed that all Salvia plastomes examined have a quadripartite structure typical of most angiosperms and contain an identical set of 114 unique genes (80 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes). The plastome structure of all Salvia species is highly conserved like other Lamiaceae plastomes. Gene content, gene order, and GC content were highly similar in these plastomes. The inverted repeats/single copy region (IR/SC) boundaries of Salvia are highly conserved, and IR contraction only occurred in two species (Salvia mekongensis and S. rosmarinus). In Salvia, sequence divergence was higher in non-coding regions than in coding regions. We found that using large single copy (LSC) and small single copy regions (SSC) with exclusion of the rapidly evolving sites produced the highest resolution in phylogenetic analysis of Salvia, suggesting that using suitable informative sites to build trees is more conducive in phylogenetic research. This study assembled a powerful matrix data set for studying the phylogeny of Salvia, resolving the interspecific relationship of Salvia subg. Glutinaria. The newly sequenced plastid genomes will also enrich the plastome database of Salvia, providing the scientific basis for the development and utilization of germplasm resources of this large and important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng-Fei Ma
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
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Hu GX, Su T, An MT, Wang XY. Rediscovery of Pogostemon dielsianus (Lamiaceae, Lamioideae), a rare endemic species from southwestern China, after one century. PHYTOKEYS 2021; 171:61-73. [PMID: 33510576 PMCID: PMC7815694 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.171.60389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pogostemon dielsianus (Lamiaceae) was described in 1913 based on a single gathering from northwestern Yunnan of China collected in 1905, and thereafter no further collections were observed until 2019. We rediscovered the rare endemic species in Lushui County, Yunnan. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on four cpDNA markers (rbcL, rps16, psbA-trnH, and trnL-trnF) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region confirmed its infrageneric placement within subg. Pogostemon. Based on observations of the rediscovered population of P. dielsianus, we updated its morphological description, provided an illustration, and discussed its distribution. Under IUCN criteria, the species was categorized as "Critically Endangered (CR)".
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xiong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ting Su
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Ming-Tai An
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Bielecka M, Pencakowski B, Stafiniak M, Jakubowski K, Rahimmalek M, Gharibi S, Matkowski A, Ślusarczyk S. Metabolomics and DNA-Based Authentication of Two Traditional Asian Medicinal and Aromatic Species of Salvia subg. Perovskia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010112. [PMID: 33435339 PMCID: PMC7826587 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Subgenus Perovskia of the extended genus of Salvia comprises several Central Asian medicinal and aromatic species, of which S. yangii and S. abrotanoides are the most widespread. These plants are cultivated in Europe as robust ornamentals, and several cultivars are available. However, their medicinal potential remains underutilized because of limited information about their phytochemical and genetic diversity. Thus, we combined an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) based metabolomics with DNA barcoding approach based on trnH-psbA and ITS2 barcodes to clarify the relationships between these two taxa. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated that aerial parts are more similar than roots and none of the major compounds stand out as distinct. Sugiol in S. yangii leaves and carnosic acid quinone in S. abrotanoides were mostly responsible for their chemical differentiation, whereas in roots the distinction was supported by the presence of five norditerpenoids in S. yangii and two flavonoids and one norditerpenoid in S. abrotanoides. To verify the metabolomics-based differentiation, we performed DNA authentication that revealed S. yangii and S. abrotanoides to be very closely related but separate species. We demonstrated that DNA barcoding coupled with parallel LC-MS profiling constitutes a powerful tool in identification of taxonomically close Salvia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bielecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+48-717840500
| | - Bartosz Pencakowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Marta Stafiniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (B.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Klemens Jakubowski
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (M.R.); (A.M.)
| | - Mehdi Rahimmalek
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (M.R.); (A.M.)
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 841583111, Iran
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facility (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Street, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Jana Kochanowskiego 14, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (M.R.); (A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Sylwester Ślusarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Zhao F, Chen YP, Salmaki Y, Drew BT, Wilson TC, Scheen AC, Celep F, Bräuchler C, Bendiksby M, Wang Q, Min DZ, Peng H, Olmstead RG, Li B, Xiang CL. An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics. BMC Biol 2021; 19:2. [PMID: 33419433 PMCID: PMC7796571 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A robust molecular phylogeny is fundamental for developing a stable classification and providing a solid framework to understand patterns of diversification, historical biogeography, and character evolution. As the sixth largest angiosperm family, Lamiaceae, or the mint family, consitutes a major source of aromatic oil, wood, ornamentals, and culinary and medicinal herbs, making it an exceptionally important group ecologically, ethnobotanically, and floristically. The lack of a reliable phylogenetic framework for this family has thus far hindered broad-scale biogeographic studies and our comprehension of diversification. Although significant progress has been made towards clarifying Lamiaceae relationships during the past three decades, the resolution of a phylogenetic backbone at the tribal level has remained one of the greatest challenges due to limited availability of genetic data. RESULTS We performed phylogenetic analyses of Lamiaceae to infer relationships at the tribal level using 79 protein-coding plastid genes from 175 accessions representing 170 taxa, 79 genera, and all 12 subfamilies. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses yielded a more robust phylogenetic hypothesis relative to previous studies and supported the monophyly of all 12 subfamilies, and a classification for 22 tribes, three of which are newly recognized in this study. As a consequence, we propose an updated phylogenetically informed tribal classification for Lamiaceae that is supplemented with a detailed summary of taxonomic history, generic and species diversity, morphology, synapomorphies, and distribution for each subfamily and tribe. CONCLUSIONS Increased taxon sampling conjoined with phylogenetic analyses based on plastome sequences has provided robust support at both deep and shallow nodes and offers new insights into the phylogenetic relationships among tribes and subfamilies of Lamiaceae. This robust phylogenetic backbone of Lamiaceae will serve as a framework for future studies on mint classification, biogeography, character evolution, and diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yasaman Salmaki
- Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, Department of Plant Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bryan T Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | - Trevor C Wilson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christian Bräuchler
- Department of Botany, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Wien, Austria
| | - Mika Bendiksby
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinense Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dao-Zhang Min
- Research Centre of Ecological Sciences, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | | | - Bo Li
- Research Centre of Ecological Sciences, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Kriebel R, Drew B, González-Gallegos JG, Celep F, Heeg L, Mahdjoub MM, Sytsma KJ. Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): Evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. Evolution 2020; 74:1335-1355. [PMID: 32484910 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Switches in pollinators have been argued to be key drivers of floral evolution in angiosperms. However, few studies have tested the relationship between floral shape evolution and switches in pollination in large clades. In concert with a dated phylogeny, we present a morphometric analysis of corolla, anther connective, and style shape across 44% of nearly 1000 species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) and test four hypotheses of floral evolution. We demonstrate that floral morphospace of New World (NW) Salvia is largely distinct from that of Old World (OW) Salvia and that these differences are pollinator driven; shifts in floral morphology sometimes mirror shifts in pollinators; anther connectives (key constituents of the Salvia staminal lever) and styles co-evolved from curved to linear shapes following shifts from bee to bird pollination; and morphological differences between NW and OW bee flowers are partly the legacy of constraints imposed by an earlier shift to bird pollination in the NW. The distinctive staminal lever in Salvia is a morphologically diverse structure that has evolved in concert with both the corolla and style, under different pollinator pressures, and in contingent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Bryan Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, 68849
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırıkkale University, Yahşiyan, 71450, Turkey
| | - Luciann Heeg
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Mohamed M Mahdjoub
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Bouira, Bouira, 10000, Algeria
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
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Zhao F, Li B, Drew BT, Chen YP, Wang Q, Yu WB, Liu ED, Salmaki Y, Peng H, Xiang CL. Leveraging plastomes for comparative analysis and phylogenomic inference within Scutellarioideae (Lamiaceae). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232602. [PMID: 32379799 PMCID: PMC7205251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria, or skullcaps, are medicinally important herbs in China, India, Japan, and elsewhere. Though Scutellaria is the second largest and one of the more taxonomically challenging genera within Lamiaceae, few molecular systematic studies have been undertaken within the genus; in part due to a paucity of available informative markers. The lack of informative molecular markers for Scutellaria hinders our ability to accurately and robustly reconstruct phylogenetic relationships, which hampers our understanding of the diversity, phylogeny, and evolutionary history of this cosmopolitan genus. Comparative analyses of 15 plastomes, representing 14 species of subfamily Scutellarioideae, indicate that plastomes within Scutellarioideae contain about 151,000 nucleotides, and possess a typical quadripartite structure. In total, 590 simple sequence repeats, 489 longer repeats, and 16 hyper-variable regions were identified from the 15 plastomes. Phylogenetic relationships among the 14 species representing four of the five genera of Scutellarioideae were resolved with high support values, but the current infrageneric classification of Scutellaria was not supported in all analyses. Complete plastome sequences provide better resolution at an interspecific level than using few to several plastid markers in phylogenetic reconstruction. The data presented here will serve as a foundation to facilitate DNA barcoding, species identification, and systematic research within Scutellaria, which is an important medicinal plant resource worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Research Centre of Ecological Sciences, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Yu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - En-De Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yasaman Salmaki
- Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hua Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Kriebel R, Drew BT, Drummond CP, González‐Gallegos JG, Celep F, Mahdjoub MM, Rose JP, Xiang C, Hu G, Walker JB, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ. Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:573-597. [PMID: 30986330 PMCID: PMC6850103 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A key question in evolutionary biology is why some clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome diverse, or species-rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the relationships of these shifts to diversification across the mega-genus Salvia. METHODS A chronogram was developed from a supermatrix of anchored hybrid enrichment genomic data and targeted sequence data for over 500 of the nearly 1000 Salvia species. Ancestral areas and biomes were reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Pollinator guilds were scored, ancestral pollinators determined, shifts in pollinator guilds identified, and rates of pollinator switches compared. KEY RESULTS A well-resolved phylogenetic backbone of Salvia and updated subgeneric designations are presented. Salvia originated in Southwest Asia in the Oligocene and subsequently dispersed worldwide. Biome shifts are frequent from a likely ancestral lineage utilizing broadleaf and/or coniferous forests and/or arid shrublands. None of the four species diversification shifts are correlated to shifts in biomes. Shifts in pollination system are not correlated to species diversification shifts, except for one hummingbird shift that precedes a major shift in diversification near the crown of New World subgen. Calosphace. Multiple reversals back to bee pollination occurred within this hummingbird clade. CONCLUSIONS Salvia diversified extensively in different continents, biomes, and with both bee and bird pollinators. The lack of tight correlation of area, biome, and most pollinator shifts to the four documented species diversification shifts points to other important drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Bryan T. Drew
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at KearneyKearneyNE68849USA
| | - Chloe P. Drummond
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy mah. 269. cad. Urankent Prestij KonutlarıC16 Blok, No. 53DemetevlerAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mohamed M. Mahdjoub
- Research Laboratory of Ecology and EnvironmentDepartment of Environment Biological SciencesFaculty of Nature and Life SciencesUniversité de BejaiaTarga Ouzemmour06000BejaiaAlgeria
| | - Jeffrey P. Rose
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Chun‐Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan650201China
| | - Guo‐Xiong Hu
- College of Life SciencesGuizhou UniversityGuiyang550025GuizhouChina
| | | | - Emily M. Lemmon
- Department of Biological ScienceFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL32306USA
| | - Alan R. Lemmon
- Department of Scientific ComputingFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFL32306USA
| | - Kenneth J. Sytsma
- Department of BotanyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
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Kriebel R, Drew BT, Drummond CP, González-Gallegos JG, Celep F, Mahdjoub MM, Rose JP, Xiang CL, Hu GX, Walker JB, Lemmon EM, Lemmon AR, Sytsma KJ. Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019. [PMID: 30986330 DOI: 10.5061/dryad.8m40rb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A key question in evolutionary biology is why some clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome diverse, or species-rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the relationships of these shifts to diversification across the mega-genus Salvia. METHODS A chronogram was developed from a supermatrix of anchored hybrid enrichment genomic data and targeted sequence data for over 500 of the nearly 1000 Salvia species. Ancestral areas and biomes were reconstructed using BioGeoBEARS. Pollinator guilds were scored, ancestral pollinators determined, shifts in pollinator guilds identified, and rates of pollinator switches compared. KEY RESULTS A well-resolved phylogenetic backbone of Salvia and updated subgeneric designations are presented. Salvia originated in Southwest Asia in the Oligocene and subsequently dispersed worldwide. Biome shifts are frequent from a likely ancestral lineage utilizing broadleaf and/or coniferous forests and/or arid shrublands. None of the four species diversification shifts are correlated to shifts in biomes. Shifts in pollination system are not correlated to species diversification shifts, except for one hummingbird shift that precedes a major shift in diversification near the crown of New World subgen. Calosphace. Multiple reversals back to bee pollination occurred within this hummingbird clade. CONCLUSIONS Salvia diversified extensively in different continents, biomes, and with both bee and bird pollinators. The lack of tight correlation of area, biome, and most pollinator shifts to the four documented species diversification shifts points to other important drivers of speciation in Salvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kriebel
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bryan T Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA
| | - Chloe P Drummond
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Ferhat Celep
- Mehmet Akif Ersoy mah. 269. cad. Urankent Prestij Konutları, C16 Blok, No. 53, Demetevler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mohamed M Mahdjoub
- Research Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Department of Environment Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Université de Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Jeffrey P Rose
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chun-Lei Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guo-Xiong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jay B Walker
- Union High School, 6636 S. Mingo Road, Tulsa, OK, 74133, USA
| | - Emily M Lemmon
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alan R Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kenneth J Sytsma
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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The complete chloroplast genome of the threatened Dipentodon sinicus (Dipentodontaceae). J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-1051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Purushothaman P, Chakraborty RD, Kuberan G, Maheswarudu G. Integrative taxonomy of commercially important deep water penaeoid shrimps from India. J Genet 2019; 98:12. [PMID: 30945667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The deep water penaeoid shrimp is an important commercial crustacean resource along the Indian coast. The molecular and morphological information of this group from the Indian coast is scarcely known. In this study, we investigated the identification and phylogenetic relationships of the deep water penaeoid shrimps using three mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b, 16S rRNA) genes, which were compared with 54 morphological characters and further used to evaluate character evolution. Our study revealed remarkable molecular divergence (3.3-33.0%) in nine species from three genera of Solenoceridae, four species from three genera of Penaeidae and one species from Aristeidae using COI. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches revealed that all species from these families are monophyletic. The present analysis revealed the existence of subgroups in the genus Solenocera suggesting the slow reduction of postrostral carina which corresponds to the increase in distributional depth during the evolutionary process which further indicates the origin of the genus in the continental shelf and extending up to the continental slope. In addition, we generated the DNA barcode database involving these species which can help further to investigate the detailed evolution and biogeography of these valuable crustacean resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Purushothaman
- Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574 199, India.
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