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Ferraz PA, Poit DAS, Ferreira Pinto LM, Guerra AC, Laurindo Neto A, do Prado FL, Azrak AJ, Çakmakçı C, Baruselli PS, Pugliesi G. Accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis and determining pregnancy loss using different biomarkers and machine learning applications in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 2024; 224:82-93. [PMID: 38759608 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of IFN-τ stimulated gene abundance (ISGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CL blood perfusion by Doppler ultrasound (Doppler-US), plasma concentration of P4 on Day 21 and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) test on Day 25 after timed-artificial insemination (TAI) for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows and heifers. Holstein cows (n = 140) and heifers (n = 32) were subjected to a hormonal synchronization protocol and TAI on Day 0. On Day 21 post-TAI, blood samples were collected for PBMC isolation and plasma concentration of P4. The CL blood perfusion was evaluated by Doppler-US. Plasma samples collected on Day 25 were assayed for PAGs. The abundance of ISGs (ISG15 and RSAD2) in PBMCs was determined by RT-qPCR. Pregnancy was confirmed on Days 32 and 60 post-TAI by B-mode ultrasonography. Statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA using the MIXED procedure and GLIMMIX in SAS software. The pregnancy biomarkers were used to categorize the females as having undergone late luteolysis (LL); early embryonic mortality (EEM); late embryonic mortality (LEM); or late pregnancy loss (LPL). The abundance of ISGs, CL blood perfusion by Doppler-US, and concentrations of P4 on Day 21, and PAGs test on Day 25 were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of early pregnancy in dairy cows and heifers. Dairy cows had a greater (P = 0.01) occurrence of LL than heifers, but there was no difference (P > 0.1) for EEM, LEM, and LPL in heifers compared to cows. Cows with postpartum reproductive issues had a greater (P = 0.008) rate of LEM and a lesser (P = 0.01) rate of LPL compared to cows without reproductive issues. In summary, the CL blood perfusion by Doppler-US had the highest accuracy and the least number of false negatives, suggesting it is the best predictor of pregnancy on Day 21 post-TAI. The PAGs test was the most reliable indicator of pregnancy status on Day 25 post-TAI in dairy heifers and cows. The application of machine learning, specifically the MARS algorithm, shows promise in enhancing the accuracy of predicting early pregnancies in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Assis Ferraz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Diego Angelo Schmidt Poit
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marin Ferreira Pinto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arthur Cobayashi Guerra
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adomar Laurindo Neto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cihan Çakmakçı
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Section, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Pietro Sampaio Baruselli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cushman RA, Akbarinejad V, Perry GA, Lents CA. Developmental programming of the ovarian reserve in livestock. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107458. [PMID: 38531261 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian females are born with a finite number of follicles in their ovaries that is referred to as the ovarian reserve. There is a large amount of variation between females in the number of antral follicles that they are born with, but this number is positively correlated to size of the ovarian reserve, has a strong repeatability within a female, and a moderate heritability. Although the heritability is moderate, numerous external factors including health, nutrition, ambient temperature, and litter size influence the size and function of the ovarian reserve throughout life. Depletion of the ovarian reserve contributes to reproductive senescence, and genetic and epigenetic factors can lead to a more rapid decline in follicle numbers in some females than others. The relationship of the size of the ovarian reserve to development of the reproductive tract and fertility is generally positive, although some studies report antagonistic associations of these traits. It seems likely that management decisions and environmental factors that result in epigenetic modifications to the genome throughout life may cause variability in the function of ovarian genes that influence fecundity and fertility, leading to differences in reproductive longevity among females born with ovarian reserves of similar size. This review summarizes our current understanding of factors influencing size of the ovarian reserve in cattle, sheep, and pigs and the relationship of the ovarian reserve to reproductive tract development and fertility. It provides strategies to apply this knowledge to improve diagnostics for better assessment of fertility and reproductive longevity in female livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Cushman
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U S Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center NE 68933-0166, United States.
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - George A Perry
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Overton, TX 75684, United States
| | - Clay A Lents
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, U S Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center NE 68933-0166, United States
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3
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Figueiredo CC, Casaro S, Cunha F, Merenda VR, de Oliveira EB, Pinedo P, Santos JEP, Chebel RC, Schuenemann GM, Bicalho RC, Gilbert RO, Zas SR, Seabury CM, Rosa G, Thatcher WW, Bisinotto RS, Galvão KN. Evaluating differences in milk production, reproductive performance, and survival associated with vaginal discharge characteristics and fever in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00637-4. [PMID: 38580147 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to assess differences in productive and reproductive performance, and survival associated with vaginal discharge characteristics and fever in postpartum dairy cows located in Western and Southern states of the U.S.A. This retrospective cohort study included data from 3 experiments conducted in 9 dairies. Vaginal discharge was evaluated twice within 12 DIM and scored on a 5-point scale. The highest score observed for each cow was used for group assignment (VD group) as follows: VD 1 and 2 (VD 1/2; n = 1,174) = clear mucus/lochia with or without flecks of pus; VD 3 (n = 1,802) = mucopurulent with < 50% pus; VD 4 (n = 1,643) = mucopurulent with ≥50% of pus or non-fetid reddish/brownish mucous, n = 1,643; VD 5 = fetid, watery, and reddish/brownish, n = 1,800. All VD 5 cows received treatment according to each herd's protocol. Rectal temperature was assessed in a subset of VD 5 cows, and subsequently divided into Fever (rectal temperature ≥39.5°C; n = 334) and NoFever (n = 558) groups. A smaller proportion of cows with VD 5 (67.6%) resumed ovarian cyclicity compared with VD 1/2 (76.2%) and VD 4 (72.9%) cows; however, a similar proportion of VD5 and VD 3 (72.6%) cows resumed ovarian cyclicity. A smaller proportion of VD 5 (85.8%) cows received at least one artificial insemination (AI) compared with VD 1/2 (91.5%), VD 3 (91.0%), or VD 4 (91.6%) cows. Although we did not detect differences in pregnancy at first AI according to VD, fewer cows with VD 5 (64.4%) were pregnant at 300 DIM than cows with VD 1/2 (76.5%), VD 3 (76.2%), or VD 4 (74.7%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was smaller for VD 5 compared with VD 1/2, VD 3, or VD 4 cows. A greater proportion of VD 5 cows were removed from the herd within 300 DIM compared with other VD groups. There was 760 kg lesser milk production within 300 DIM for VD 5 compared with VD 2, VD 3, and VD 4, whereas VD 2, VD 3, and VD 4 had similar milk production. We did not detect an association between fever at diagnosis of VD 5 and reproductive performance or milk production. A greater proportion of VD 5 cows without fever were removed from the herd by 300 DIM compared with VD 5 cows with fever. Differences in productive and reproductive performance, and removal of the herd were restricted to fetid, watery, and reddish/brownish vaginal discharge, which was independent of fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Figueiredo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| | - S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - V R Merenda
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - E B de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - P Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - R O Gilbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, St. Kitts, West Indies, KN
| | - S Rodriguez Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - G Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Li Z, Teng Y, Feng S, Hu Z, Zhao J, Ding H, Fang Y, Liu H, Ma X, Guo J, Wang J, Lv W. Microbial responses and changes in metabolic products in bovine uteri infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130039. [PMID: 38354917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that the uterine microbiota has an important role in the pathogenesis of endometritis, with invasion of pathogenic bacteria being a main cause of uterine microbial imbalance. However, mechanisms of uterine microbiota resistance to pathogen invasion remain unclear. In this study, an intrauterine infusion of Staphylococcus aureus was used as a bovine endometritis model; it significantly increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus, Helccoccus, Fusobacterium, and Escherichia-Shigella) and significantly decreased abundance of probiotics (Allstipes, Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Romboutsia, and Prevotella). In addition, the metabolite aloe-emodin was positively correlated with Prevotella and based on combined analyses of omics and probiotics, the presence of its metabolite aloe-emodin in the uterus at least partially resisted Staphylococcus aureus invasion. Therefore, Aloe-emodin has potential for regulating microbial structure and preventing endometritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunkun Teng
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhuoqun Hu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - He Ding
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Wenfa Lv
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, Changchun 130118, China; Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory for Ruminant Reproductive Biotechnology and Healthy Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Serbetci I, González-Grajales LA, Herrera C, Ibanescu I, Tekin M, Melean M, Magata F, Malama E, Bollwein H, Scarlet D. Impact of negative energy balance and postpartum diseases during the transition period on oocyte quality and embryonic development in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1328700. [PMID: 38249554 PMCID: PMC10797029 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1328700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition period is a critical time for dairy cows because a large proportion of clinical and subclinical diseases are observed in the first month after parturition. Occurrence of negative energy balance is associated with depressed immunity and these conditions can affect oocyte quality and further embryonic development. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of negative energy balance-associated disorders on in vitro embryo production (IVP) in dairy cattle. We hypothesized that subclinical metabolic and/or inflammatory disorders have a negative effect on oocyte developmental competence and morphokinetic parameters of the resulting embryos. The study was conducted on 30 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows which were assigned into four groups: healthy (HEAL, n = 6), metabolic disease (META, n = 8), inflammatory disease (INFL, n = 8), or combined metabolic and inflammatory disease (COMB, n = 8). Ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed twice weekly on all cows over a period of four weeks (n = 8 OPU sessions/cow) starting on the fifth week postpartum, and the collected oocytes were subjected to routine IVP. Donor's health status did not affect the number of oocytes/OPU or the recovery rate (p > 0.05). The number of quality 1 oocytes collected from INFL and COMB cows was lower compared to HEAL cows (p < 0.05). Also, the percentage of quality 1 embryos was reduced in META and COMB compared to HEAL cows (p < 0.05). Cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates were similar among groups (p > 0.05). Presence of disease did not affect the time required by zygotes to reach specific developmental stages, as recorded by means of time-lapse monitoring. Nevertheless, there was a higher probability of direct cleavage after IVF in oocytes of COMB cows compared to those of HEAL cows (p < 0.05). In conclusion, oocytes and embryos derived from dairy cows diagnosed with subclinical metabolic and/or inflammatory diseases during the transition period showed reduced quality but similar developmental potential and morphokinetics when compared to healthy cows. These results shed light on the consequences of subclinical disease on embryonic development in dairy cows which might be important for embryo transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idil Serbetci
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carolina Herrera
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iulian Ibanescu
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Muhittin Tekin
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Melean
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fumie Magata
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eleni Malama
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dragos Scarlet
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Andrade JDS, Moreira EM, de Souza VL, Barbosa IP, Silva GM, Gomes LS, Silva SADS, Noleto GCS, da Silva RR, Londero US, Correa MN, Pfeifer LFM. Exploring uterine inflammation in postpartum primiparous precocious and conventional and multiparous Bos indicus beef cows. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14496. [PMID: 37888854 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the postpartum uterine dynamics of primiparous precocious (PP), primiparous conventional (PC) and multiparous conventional (MC) Bos indicus beef cows. For this purpose, PP (n = 8), PC (n = 18) and MC (n = 12) cows were enrolled in this study. These cows were evaluated at 20 and 10 days prepartum and weekly from parturition to 42 days postpartum (DPP). During this period, body weight (BW), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and serum concentrations of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, albumin and haptoglobin were measured. Proportion of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, and abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes involved in uterine inflammation and uterine health were evaluated. The PP cows had lower (p < .05) BW and SFT than that for PC and MC cows during the study period. The serum concentration of albumin after 35 DPP was lower (p < .05) in PP cows. The PP cows had the highest proportion of PMN on 28 and 35 DPP compared to PC and MC cows. The relative mRNA abundance of IL-1β and IL-8 increased after 21 DPP in PP cows compared to the other groups. The PC had the highest, MC had an intermediate, and PP cows had the lowest relative abundance of IL10 mRNA. Overall, these findings indicated that uterine inflammation was more pronounced in PP cows. Moreover, based on the proportion of PMN and abundance of transcripts associated with inflammation in the uterus, PP cows may require a longer period to recover their uterine health after calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Souza Andrade
- Bionorte, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
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7
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Moore SG, Feehily C, Doyle RC, Buckley F, Lonergan P, Cotter PD, Butler ST. Associations between the postpartum uterine and vaginal microbiota and the subsequent development of purulent vaginal discharge vary with dairy cow breed and parity. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8133-8151. [PMID: 37641353 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the species composition and functional potential of the vaginal and uterine microbiota at 1 wk postpartum in dairy cows diagnosed with or without purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 3 wk postpartum. The hypothesis was that differences in the vaginal and uterine microbiota between cows diagnosed with (PVD+) or without (PVD-) PVD were dependent on parity and breed. Cytobrush samples of the vagina and uterus were collected at 1 wk postpartum from 36 Holstein-Friesian (7 primiparous and 29 multiparous) and 29 Jersey (10 primiparous and 19 multiparous) cows. Microbial DNA was isolated from each sample and processed for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The odds of multiparous cows being diagnosed as PVD+ was less compared with primiparous cows (OR = 0.21). Neither the α-diversity nor β-diversity of the uterine and vaginal microbiota were associated with PVD but the β-diversity was different between breeds and between parities. In the vagina of primiparous cows, differences in the microbiota of PVD- and PVD+ cows were minor, but the microbiota of multiparous PVD+ cows had greater relative abundance of Fusobacterium necrophorum, Trueperella pyogenes, Porphyromonas levii, and greater functional potential for amino acid and protein synthesis, energy metabolism, and growth compared with PVD- cows. The uterus of primiparous PVD+ cows had lesser relative abundance of Bacteroides heparinolyticus compared with PVD- cows. In the uterine microbiota, differences included greater functional potential for cellulose biosynthesis and fucose catabolism in multiparous PVD+ cows compared with PVD- cows. In the uterine microbiota of primiparous PVD+ cows, the functional potential for gram-negative cell wall synthesis and for negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor signaling was lesser compared with multiparous PVD+ cows. In the vagina of Holstein-Friesian PVD+ cows, the relative abundance of Caviibacter abscessus was greater whereas in the vagina of Jersey PVD+ cows the relative abundance of Catenibacterium mitsuokai, Finegoldia magna, Klebsiella variicola, and Streptococcus anginosus was greater compared with PVD- cows. In the uterine microbiota of Holstein-Friesian cows, the functional potential for spermidine biosynthesis was reduced compared with PVD- cows. In summary, differences in the species composition and functional potential of the vaginal and uterine microbiota between PVD- and PVD+ cows were dependent on parity and breed. The findings suggest that alternative strategies may be required to treat PVD for different parities and breeds of dairy cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Moore
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302.
| | - C Feehily
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - R C Doyle
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
| | - F Buckley
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland D04 N2E5
| | - P D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 C996
| | - S T Butler
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland P61 P302
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8
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Husnain A, Arshad U, Zimpel R, Schmitt E, Dickson MJ, Perdomo MC, Marinho MN, Ashrafi N, Graham SF, Bishop JV, Hansen TR, Jeong KC, Gonella-Diaza AM, Chebel RC, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ, Santos JEP. Induced endometrial inflammation compromises conceptus development in dairy cattle†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:415-431. [PMID: 37540198 PMCID: PMC10577276 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial inflammation is associated with reduced pregnancy per artificial insemination (AI) and increased pregnancy loss in cows. It was hypothesized that induced endometritis alters histotroph composition and induces inflammatory signatures on conceptus that compromise development. In Experiment 1, lactating cows were assigned to control (CON; n = 23) or to an intrauterine infusion of Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes (ENDO; n = 34) to induce endometritis. Cows received AI 26 days after treatment, and the uterine fluid and conceptuses were collected on day 16 after AI. In Experiment 2, Holstein heifers were assigned to CON (n = 14) or ENDO (n = 14). An embryo was transferred on day 7 of the estrous cycle, and uterine fluid and conceptuses were recovered on day 16. Composition of histotroph and trophoblast and embryonic disc gene expression were assessed. Bacterial-induced endometritis in lactating cows altered histotroph composition and pathways linked to phospholipid synthesis, cellular energy production, and the Warburg effect. Also, ENDO reduced conceptus length in cows and altered expression of genes involved in pathogen recognition, nutrient uptake, cell growth, choline metabolism, and conceptus signaling needed for maternal recognition of pregnancy. The impact of ENDO was lesser on conceptuses from heifers receiving embryo transfer; however, the affected genes and associated pathways involved restricted growth and increased immune response similar to the observed responses to ENDO in conceptuses from lactating cows. Bacterial-induced endometrial inflammation altered histotroph composition, reduced conceptus growth, and caused embryonic cells to activate survival rather than anabolic pathways that could compromise development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Husnain
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Usman Arshad
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roney Zimpel
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eduardo Schmitt
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Dickson
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Milerky C Perdomo
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mariana N Marinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
- Oakland University-William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Jeanette V Bishop
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas R Hansen
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kwang C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ricardo C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - José E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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Hansen PJ. Perspective: Can early embryonic losses be reduced in lactating dairy cows? J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6593-6596. [PMID: 37210359 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910.
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10
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Li Z, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang J, Lu W. Role of Melatonin in Bovine Reproductive Biotechnology. Molecules 2023; 28:4940. [PMID: 37446601 PMCID: PMC10343719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has profound antioxidant activity and numerous functions in humans as well as in livestock and poultry. Additionally, melatonin plays an important role in regulating the biological rhythms of animals. Combining melatonin with scientific breeding management has considerable potential for optimizing animal physiological functions, but this idea still faces significant challenges. In this review, we summarized the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on physiology and reproductive processes in cattle, including granulosa cells, oocytes, circadian rhythm, stress, inflammation, testicular function, spermatogenesis, and semen cryopreservation. There is much emerging evidence that melatonin can profoundly affect cattle. In the future, we hope that melatonin can not only be applied to cattle, but can also be used to safely and effectively improve the efficiency of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Kaiyan Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuming Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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11
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Husnain A, Arshad U, Poindexter MB, Zimpel R, Marinho MN, Perdomo MC, Fan P, Jeong KC, Nelson CD, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ, Santos JEP. Induced endometritis in early lactation compromises production and reproduction in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4198-4213. [PMID: 37080784 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives of this experiment were to study the effect of infusing utero-pathogenic bacteria to induce endometrial inflammation on productive performance in early lactation and subsequent reproduction. Although endometritis is associated with perturbed reproduction, numerous factors may contribute to the observed association. It was hypothesized that induced endometrial inflammation, resulting in localized and systemic inflammatory responses, compromises production and reproduction. Holstein cows without clinical disease and with less than 18% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in endometrial cytology on d 31 ± 3 postpartum had their estrous cycle synchronized. Cows were blocked by parity and genomic breeding value for cow conception rate and, within block, assigned randomly to remain as untreated controls (CON; n = 37) or to receive an intrauterine infusion of 5.19 × 108 cfu Escherichia coli and 4.34 × 108 cfu Trueperella pyogenes during the luteal phase to induce endometrial inflammation (INF; n = 48). Endometrial cytology was taken on d 2 and 7 after treatment to evaluate the proportion of PMN. Rectal temperature, dry matter intake, and yields of milk and components were measured in the first 7 d after treatment. Blood serum was analyzed for concentration of haptoglobin. Leukocytes were isolated from blood on d 2 and 7 after treatment and on d 19 after artificial insemination (AI) and mRNA was quantified for a select group of genes. Cows received AI and reproduction was followed for 300 d postpartum. Bacterial infusion induced endometrial inflammation with increased proportions of PMN in the endometrial cytology on d 2 (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 26.3 ± 2.8%) and 7 (10.9 ± 1.7 vs. 17.4 ± 2.1%) after treatment, resulting in increased mean prevalence of subclinical endometritis (>10% PMN; 23.3 ± 6.3 vs. 80.9 ± 5.1%). Rectal temperature did not differ between CON and INF, but the concentration of haptoglobin in serum tended to increase in INF compared with CON (113 ± 14 vs. 150 ± 16 µg/mL). Induced endometrial inflammation reduced yields of milk (44.9 ± 0.8 vs. 41.6 ± 0.8 kg/d), protein (1.19 ± 0.03 vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 kg/d), and lactose (2.17 ± 0.04 vs. 2.03 ± 0.04 kg/d) and tended to reduce dry matter intake (20.7 ± 0.5 vs. 19.4 ± 0.6 kg/d) in the first 7 d after treatment. Indeed, the reduction in milk yield lasted 4 wk. However, treatment did not affect yields of energy-corrected milk or fat because treatment with INF increased the concentration of fat in milk (3.54 ± 0.10 vs. 3.84 ± 0.10%). Induced endometrial inflammation reduced pregnancy per AI at all inseminations (33.4 ± 5.1 vs. 21.6 ± 3.7%) and the hazard of pregnancy (0.61; 95% CI = 0.36-1.04), which extended the median days open by 24 d. Blood leukocytes from INF cows had increased mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory gene IL1B on d 2 and 7 after treatment, but reduced expression of the IFN-stimulated genes ISG15 and MX2 on d 19 after AI. Induced endometrial inflammation depressed production and caused long-term negative effects on reproduction in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Husnain
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - U Arshad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M B Poindexter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - R Zimpel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M Nehme Marinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M C Perdomo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - P Fan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - I M Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, SA2 8PP
| | - J J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
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12
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Saleem M, Yousuf MR, Ghafoor A, Riaz A. Influence of endometritis on the follicular dynamics, recovery, quality, gene expression, nuclear maturation and in-vitro developmental competence of oocytes in Sahiwal cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:207-218. [PMID: 35486000 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uterine infections often lead to culling of valuable animals from a herd, resulting in genetic drain. The genetic potential of problematic females could be harvested by in-vitro embryo production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of clinical endometritis on follicular dynamics, recovery, quality, gene expression, nuclear maturation and in-vitro developmental competence of oocytes in Sahiwal cattle. The B-mode ultrasonography was performed to examine the uterus for the presence of pus. Based on the history and reproductive examination of cows, a total of twelve (n = 12) Sahiwal cattle were selected for the experiment: (1) healthy group (n = 6) and (2) clinical endometritis group (n = 6). The 1st ovum pick-up (OPU) was conducted on day 165 postpartum. The collected cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were graded into A, B, C and D grades depending on the number of layers of cumulus cells and homogeneous nature of cytoplasm. Nuclear maturation was assessed by staining the oocytes with Hoechst 33,342. The results revealed that the number of medium-sized follicle (1.3 ± 0.1 versus 0.6 ± 0.1) and total number of follicles (9.1 ± 0.7 versus 6.6 ± 0.7) were higher (p < .05) in the healthy group as compared to clinical endometritis group, respectively. Similarly, the number of oocytes recovered (5.0 ± 0.4 versus 2.8 ± 0.4), oocytes with grade A, B and C (2.9 ± 0.3 versus 1.5 ± 0.3), proportion of oocytes with grade A or B (33 ± 0.0 versus 20 ± 0.1) and nuclear maturation (68 ± 0.1 versus 55 ± 0.1) were also higher (p < .05) in the healthy group as compared to clinical endometritis group, respectively. Perhaps, cleavage rate (55.1 ± 0.1 versus 46.2 ± 0.1) and blastocyst rate (29.7 ± 0.0 versus 26.3 ± 0.1) did not differ (p > .05) between the groups. Likewise, the expression level of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in immature oocytes did not differ (p > .05) between both the groups. In conclusion, clinical endometritis has a negative effect on follicular dynamics, oocyte recovery, oocyte quality and nuclear maturation; furthermore, the developmental competence of COCs is not compromised by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ghafoor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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13
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Leroy JLMR, Meulders B, Moorkens K, Xhonneux I, Slootmans J, De Keersmaeker L, Smits A, Bogado Pascottini O, Marei WFA. Maternal metabolic health and fertility: we should not only care about but also for the oocyte! Reprod Fertil Dev 2022; 35:1-18. [PMID: 36592978 DOI: 10.1071/rd22204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders due to obesity and unhealthy lifestyle directly alter the oocyte's microenvironment and impact oocyte quality. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis. Acute effects on the fully grown oocytes are evident, but early follicular stages are also sensitive to metabolic stress leading to a long-term impact on follicular cells and oocytes. Improving the preconception health is therefore of capital importance but research in animal models has demonstrated that oocyte quality is not fully recovered. In the in vitro fertilisation clinic, maternal metabolic disorders are linked with disappointing assisted reproductive technology results. Embryos derived from metabolically compromised oocytes exhibit persistently high intracellular stress levels due to weak cellular homeostatic mechanisms. The assisted reproductive technology procedures themselves form an extra burden for these defective embryos. Minimising cellular stress during culture using mitochondrial-targeted therapy could rescue compromised embryos in a bovine model. However, translating such applications to human in vitro fertilisation clinics is not simple. It is crucial to consider the sensitive epigenetic programming during early development. Research in humans and relevant animal models should result in preconception care interventions and in vitro strategies not only aiming at improving fertility but also safeguarding offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - B Meulders
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - K Moorkens
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I Xhonneux
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J Slootmans
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L De Keersmaeker
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Smits
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - O Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - W F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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14
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Silva J, Siqueira L, Rodrigues M, Zinicola M, Wolkmer P, Pomeroy B, Bicalho R. Intrauterine infusion of a pathogenic bacterial cocktail is associated with the development of clinical metritis in postpartum multiparous Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:607-623. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Relationship between Oxidative Stress and Endometritis: Exploiting Knowledge Gained in Mares and Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182403. [PMID: 36139263 PMCID: PMC9495037 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Endometritis is a widespread pathology in mares and cows and one of the leading causes of reproductive efficiency decline. Although localized in the innermost layer of the uterus, this inflammation involves the release of bioactive molecules and by-products related to molecular damage. Among the bioactive substances, a primary role is played by the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which, while exerting an antimicrobial effect, can amplify the inflammation, sometimes causing unwanted and self-aggravating effects. Part of these substances enters the bloodstream, with implications that range from sustaining distant effects on organs and tissues to being used as diagnostic biomarkers. The research carried out on this matter in cows and mares has maintained certain independence due to its species specificity. This review aims to collect and analyze the information available in these species to enhance diagnostics and provide new insights to prevent and treat this pathology. Abstract The etiopathogenesis of endometritis in mares and cows differs significantly; this could depend on a different sensitivity and reactivity of the uterus but also on endocrine and rearing factors and different stress sources. In both species, microorganisms and the immune system play a primary role in the generation of this pathology. Microbiological and cytological tests support clinical examination and significantly improve diagnostic accuracy. For both species, during the inflammation, immune cells invade the endometrium and release bioactive substances to contrast primary or secondary pathogen contamination. These molecules are traceable to cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), collectively known as RONS. The RONS-mediated oxidation causes morphological and functional alterations of macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with the consequent production of derivative compounds capable of playing harmful effects. These bioactive molecules and by-products, which have recently become increasingly popular as diagnostic biomarkers, enter the bloodstream, influencing the functionality of organs and tissues. This review has collected and compared information obtained in cows and mares related to the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers that are assessed by using different methods in samples from either blood plasma or uterine fluid.
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16
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Yi Y, Gao K, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Necroptosis Promotes Mitochondrial Damage in Goat Endometrial Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172218. [PMID: 36077938 PMCID: PMC9454985 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The death of endometrial cells induced by bacterial infections can result in damage to the endometrial function. In this study, we investigated the potential role of necroptosis in Staphylococcus aureus-induced goat endometrial epithelial cell (gEEC) death. We found that S. aureus induced gEECs RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis, triggered mainly by membrane disruption and ion imbalance. Moreover, gEEC necroptosis contributed to the regulation of reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial damage. These provide evidence of the involvement of necroptosis in the S. aureus-induced gEEC death. Abstract Endometrial cell death is induced by bacterial infection, resulting in damage to the physical barriers and immune function. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of endometrial epithelial cell necroptosis might provide new insights into the treatment of uterine diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Staphylococcus aureus on goat endometrial epithelial cell (gEEC) necroptosis, and the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that S. aureus induced significant necroptosis in gEECs by increasing the expression of key proteins of the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL axis; importantly, this effect was alleviated by inhibitors of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. Moreover, we found that the main triggers of gEEC necroptosis induced by S. aureus were not the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), but membrane disruption and ion imbalance. Moreover, we observed a significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating mitochondrial damage, in addition to increased cytochrome c levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in S. aureus-infected gEECs; these, effects were also suppressed by the inhibitors of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL. Taken together, these data revealed the molecular mechanism of S. aureus-induced gEEC necroptosis and provided potential new targeted therapies for clinical intervention in bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaping Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-1802
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17
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Dickson MJ, Bishop JV, Hansen TR, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. The endometrial transcriptomic response to pregnancy is altered in cows after uterine infection. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265062. [PMID: 35358206 PMCID: PMC8970397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy induces changes in the transcriptome of the bovine endometrium from 15 days after insemination. However, pregnancy is less likely to occur if cows had a postpartum bacterial infection of the uterus, even after the resolution of disease. We hypothesized that uterine bacterial infection alters the endometrial transcriptomic signature of pregnancy after the resolution of disease. To examine the endometrial transcriptomic signature of pregnancy, cows were inseminated 130 days after intrauterine infusion of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes, subsequently endometrium was collected 16 days after insemination for RNA sequencing. We found 171 pregnancy regulated genes in cows 146 days after bacterial infection. When comparing our findings with previous studies that described the endometrial transcriptomic signature of pregnancy in healthy cows, 24 genes were consistently differentially expressed in pregnancy, including MX1, MX2 and STAT1. However, 12 pregnancy regulated genes were found only in the endometrium of healthy cows, including ISG15 and TRANK1. Furthermore, 28 pregnancy regulated genes were found only in the endometrium of cows following bacterial infection and these were associated with altered iNOS, TLR, and IL-7 signaling pathways. Although 94 predicted upstream regulators were conserved amongst the studies, 14 were found only in the endometrium of pregnant healthy cows, and 5 were found only in cows following bacterial infection, including AIRE, NFKBIA, and DUSP1. In conclusion, there were both consistent and discordant features of the endometrial transcriptomic signature of pregnancy 146 days after intrauterine bacterial infusion. These findings imply that there is an essential transcriptomic signature of pregnancy, but that infection induces long-term changes in the endometrium that affect the transcriptomic response to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J. Dickson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jeanette V. Bishop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | | | - John J. Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Figueiredo CC, Merenda VR, de Oliveira EB, Lima FS, Chebel RC, Galvão KN, Santos JEP, Bisinotto RS. Failure of clinical cure in dairy cows treated for metritis is associated with reduced productive and reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:7056-7070. [PMID: 33741169 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to assess reproductive and productive outcomes associated with failure of clinical cure in dairy cows diagnosed with metritis following antimicrobial therapy. This retrospective cohort study included data from 3 experiments performed in 5 dairies. Metritis was characterized by the presence of watery, fetid, reddish-brownish vaginal discharge within 21 DIM (study d 0). Cows not diagnosed with metritis (i.e., cows may have had other diseases postpartum; NoMT; n = 1,194) were paired based on lactation number and calving date. All cows with metritis received antimicrobial therapy (ampicillin or ceftiofur). Clinical cure was evaluated on d 10 based on vaginal discharge score, and cows were categorized as cured (MTC; n = 1,111) or not cured (MTnoC; n = 299). Purulent vaginal discharge (28 ± 3 or 32 ± 3 DIM), cytological endometritis (35 ± 3 or 39 ± 3 DIM), and estrous cyclicity (50 ± 3 and 64 ± 3, 36 ± 3 and 50 ± 3, or 37 ± 5 and 51 ± 5 DIM) were evaluated in subgroups of cows. Proportions of cows with purulent vaginal discharge and cytological endometritis were greatest for MTnoC (91.7 and 91.4%), intermediate for MTC (74.0 and 73.3%), and smallest for NoMT (38.1 and 36.4%). Proportion of cyclic cows was smaller for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT (62.0, 71.0, and 71.0%). Pregnancy per artificial insemination following first service was smaller for cows with metritis compared with their counterparts with no metritis (NoMT = 28.1, MTC = 26.1, MTnoC = 22.0%). Pregnancy loss tended to be greater for MTnoC compared with MTC (NoMT = 11.5, MTC = 11.1, MTnoC = 18.4%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was smallest for MTnoC, intermediate for MTC, and greatest for NoMT. Death by 60 DIM (3.9, 1.1, and 0.6%) and removal from herd by 300 DIM (26.3, 17.4, and 15.4%) were greatest for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT, respectively. Milk production among multiparous cows was smaller for MTnoC compared with MTC and NoMT in the first 10 mo postpartum, whereas MTC produced less milk compared with NoMT only during the first 2 mo postpartum (NoMT = 42.0 ± 0.22, MTC = 40.6 ± 0.28, MTnoC = 37.7 ± 0.54 kg/d). Failure of clinical cure was not associated with milk yield in primiparous cows (NoMT = 35.2 ± 0.31, MTC = 33.9 ± 0.31, MTnoC = 35.0 ± 0.52 kg/d). Cows diagnosed with metritis that do not undergo clinical cure by 10 d of onset of antimicrobial therapy have impaired reproductive performance, reduced milk production, and increased risk of leaving the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Figueiredo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - V R Merenda
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - E B de Oliveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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Piersanti RL, Block J, Ma Z, Jeong KC, Santos JEP, Yu F, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. Uterine infusion of bacteria alters the transcriptome of bovine oocytes. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:506-520. [PMID: 32821881 PMCID: PMC7429353 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum uterine infection reduces fertility in dairy cattle; however, the mechanisms of uterine infection-mediated infertility are unknown. Paradoxically, infection-induced infertility persists after the resolution of disease. Oocytes are a finite resource, which are present at various stages of development during uterine infection. It is likely that oocyte development is influenced by uterine infection-induced changes to the follicular microenvironment. To better understand the impact of infection on oocyte quality we employed global transcriptomics of oocytes collected from heifers after receiving intrauterine infusion of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes. We hypothesized that the oocyte transcriptome would be altered in response to intrauterine infection. A total of 452 differentially expressed genes were identified in oocytes collected from heifers 4 days after bacteria infusion compared to vehicle infusion, while 539 differentially expressed genes were identified in oocytes collected from heifers 60 days after bacteria infusion. Only 42 genes were differentially expressed in bacteria-infused heifers at both Day 4 and Day 60. Interferon, HMGB1, ILK, IL-6, and TGF-beta signaling pathways were downregulated in oocytes collected at Day 4 from bacteria-infused heifers, while interferon, ILK, and IL-6 signaling were upregulated in oocytes collected at Day 60 from bacteria-infused heifers. These data suggest that bacterial infusion alters the oocyte transcriptome differently at Day 4 and Day 60, suggesting different follicle stages are susceptible to damage. Characterizing the long-term impacts of uterine infection on the oocyte transcriptome aids in our understanding of how infection causes infertility in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Block
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | | | | | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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