1
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Yoon SH, Kim GY, Choi GT, Do JT. Organ Abnormalities Caused by Turner Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1365. [PMID: 37408200 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS), a genetic disorder due to incomplete dosage compensation of X-linked genes, affects multiple organ systems, leading to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, short stature, cardiovascular and vascular abnormalities, liver disease, renal abnormalities, brain abnormalities, and skeletal problems. Patients with TS experience premature ovarian failure with a rapid decline in ovarian function caused by germ cell depletion, and pregnancies carry a high risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Aortic abnormalities, heart defects, obesity, hypertension, and liver abnormalities, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, biliary involvement, liver cirrhosis, and nodular regenerative hyperplasia, are commonly observed in patients with TS. The SHOX gene plays a crucial role in short stature and abnormal skeletal phenotype in patients with TS. Abnormal structure formation of the ureter and kidney is also common in patients with TS, and a non-mosaic 45,X karyotype is significantly associated with horseshoe kidneys. TS also affects brain structure and function. In this review, we explore various phenotypic and disease manifestations of TS in different organs, including the reproductive system, cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, brain, and skeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Yoon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Yeon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Institute of Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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2
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Patt E, Singhania A, Roberts AE, Morton SU. The Genetics of Neurodevelopment in Congenital Heart Disease. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:97-114. [PMID: 36183910 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth anomaly, affecting almost 1% of infants. Neurodevelopmental delay is the most common extracardiac feature in people with CHD. Many factors may contribute to neurodevelopmental risk, including genetic factors, CHD physiology, and the prenatal/postnatal environment. Damaging variants are most highly enriched among individuals with extracardiac anomalies or neurodevelopmental delay in addition to CHD, indicating that genetic factors have an impact beyond cardiac tissues in people with CHD. Potential sources of genetic risk include large deletions or duplications that affect multiple genes, such as 22q11 deletion syndrome, single genes that alter both heart and brain development, such as CHD7, and common variants that affect neurodevelopmental resiliency, such as APOE. Increased use of genome-sequencing technologies in studies of neurodevelopmental outcomes in people with CHD will improve our ability to detect relevant genes and variants. Ultimately, such knowledge can lead to improved and more timely intervention of learning support for affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Patt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asmita Singhania
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Roberts
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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3
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Hooper SR, Johnson RJ, Gerson AC, Lande MB, Shinnar S, Harshman LA, Kogon AJ, Matheson M, Bartosh S, Carlson J, Warady BA, Furth SL. Overview of the findings and advances in the neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning of mild to moderate pediatric CKD: perspectives from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:765-775. [PMID: 34110493 PMCID: PMC8660930 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study was designed to address the neurocognitive, growth, cardiovascular, and disease progression of children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD. The study has had continuous funding from NIDDK for 17 years and has contributed significant advances in pediatric CKD. The goals of this educational review are threefold: (1) to provide an overview of the neurocognitive and psychosocial studies from CKiD to date; (2) to provide best practice recommendations for those working with the neurocognitive and psychosocial aspects of pediatric CKD based on CKiD findings; and (3) to help chart future goals and directives for both research and clinical practice. This collection of 22 empirical studies has produced a number of key findings for children and adolescents with mild to moderate CKD. While various studies suggest a relatively positive presentation for this population as a whole, without evidence of significant impairment or deterioration, findings do indicate the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction, emotional-behavioral difficulties, and lower quality of life for many children with CKD. These findings support the promotion of best practices that are accompanied by additional future clinical and research initiatives with this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Johnson
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Arlene C Gerson
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marc B Lande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shlomo Shinnar
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Epidemiology and Population Health, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lyndsay A Harshman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Iowa Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amy J Kogon
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Matheson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon Bartosh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joann Carlson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Susan L Furth
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sandberg DE, Gardner M. Differences/Disorders of Sex Development: Medical Conditions at the Intersection of Sex and Gender. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:201-231. [PMID: 35216524 PMCID: PMC10170864 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical, differences or disorders of sex development (DSDs) comprise many discrete diagnoses ranging from those associated with few phenotypic differences between affected and unaffected individuals to those where questions arise regarding gender of rearing, gonadal tumor risk, genital surgery, and fertility. Controversies exist in numerous areas including how DSDs are conceptualized, how to refer to the set of conditions and those affected by them, and aspects of clinical management that extend from social media to legislative bodies, courts of law, medicine, clinical practice, and scholarly research in psychology and sociology. In addition to these aspects, this review covers biological and social influences on psychosocial development and adjustment, the psychosocial and psychosexual adaptation of people born with DSDs, and roles for clinical psychologists in the clinical management of DSDs. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sandberg
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
| | - Melissa Gardner
- Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;
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5
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Butler MG, Miller BS, Romano A, Ross J, Abuzzahab MJ, Backeljauw P, Bamba V, Bhangoo A, Mauras N, Geffner M. Genetic conditions of short stature: A review of three classic examples. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1011960. [PMID: 36339399 PMCID: PMC9634554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan, Turner, and Prader-Willi syndromes are classical genetic disorders that are marked by short stature. Each disorder has been recognized for several decades and is backed by extensive published literature describing its features, genetic origins, and optimal treatment strategies. These disorders are accompanied by a multitude of comorbidities, including cardiovascular issues, endocrinopathies, and infertility. Diagnostic delays, syndrome-associated comorbidities, and inefficient communication among the members of a patient's health care team can affect a patient's well-being from birth through adulthood. Insufficient information is available to help patients and their multidisciplinary team of providers transition from pediatric to adult health care systems. The aim of this review is to summarize the clinical features and genetics associated with each syndrome, describe best practices for diagnosis and treatment, and emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary teams and appropriate care plans for the pediatric to adult health care transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin G. Butler
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Merlin G. Butler,
| | - Bradley S. Miller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota Masonic Children’s Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alicia Romano
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Judith Ross
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Health, Wilmington, DE, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Philippe Backeljauw
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Vaneeta Bamba
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amrit Bhangoo
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Health of Orange County (CHOC) Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Nelly Mauras
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Children’s Health, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Mitchell Geffner
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Modenato C, Martin-Brevet S, Moreau CA, Rodriguez-Herreros B, Kumar K, Draganski B, Sønderby IE, Jacquemont S. Lessons Learned From Neuroimaging Studies of Copy Number Variants: A Systematic Review. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:596-610. [PMID: 34509290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) and aneuploidies alter gene dosage and are associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Brain mechanisms mediating genetic risk for neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders remain largely unknown, but there is a rapid increase in morphometry studies of CNVs using T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Studies have been conducted one mutation at a time, leaving the field with a complex catalog of brain alterations linked to different genomic loci. Our aim was to provide a systematic review of neuroimaging phenotypes across CNVs associated with developmental psychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. We included 76 structural magnetic resonance imaging studies on 20 CNVs at the 15q11.2, 22q11.2, 1q21.1 distal, 16p11.2 distal and proximal, 7q11.23, 15q11-q13, and 22q13.33 (SHANK3) genomic loci as well as aneuploidies of chromosomes X, Y, and 21. Moderate to large effect sizes on global and regional brain morphometry are observed across all genomic loci, which is in line with levels of symptom severity reported for these variants. This is in stark contrast with the much milder neuroimaging effects observed in idiopathic psychiatric disorders. Data also suggest that CNVs have independent effects on global versus regional measures as well as on cortical surface versus thickness. Findings highlight a broad diversity of regional morphometry patterns across genomic loci. This heterogeneity of brain patterns provides insight into the weak effects reported in magnetic resonance imaging studies of cognitive dimension and psychiatric conditions. Neuroimaging studies across many more variants will be required to understand links between gene function and brain morphometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Modenato
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Martin-Brevet
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clara A Moreau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 3571, Department of Neuroscience, Université de Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Borja Rodriguez-Herreros
- Service des Troubles du Spectre de l'Autisme et Apparentés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Jacquemont
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Hall SS, Riley MJ, Weston RN, Lepage JF, Hong DS, Jo B, Hallmayer J, Reiss AL. Effects of X Chromosome Monosomy and Genomic Imprinting on Observational Markers of Social Anxiety in Prepubertal Girls with Turner Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:16-27. [PMID: 33751331 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that girls with Turner syndrome (TS) exhibit symptoms of social anxiety during interactions with others. However, few studies have quantified these behaviors during naturalistic face-to-face social encounters. In this study, we coded observational markers of social anxiety in prepubertal girls with TS and age-matched controls during a 10-min social encounter with an unfamiliar examiner. Results showed that girls with TS exhibited significantly higher levels of gaze avoidance compared to controls. Impairments in social gaze were particularly increased in girls with a maternally retained X chromosome (Xm), suggesting a genomic imprinting effect. These data indicate that social gaze avoidance may be a critical behavioral marker for identifying early social dysfunction in young girls with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Hall
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA.
| | - Matthew J Riley
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA
| | | | - Jean-Francois Lepage
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA.,Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David S Hong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA
| | - Booil Jo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5795, USA
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8
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Davies W. The contribution of Xp22.31 gene dosage to Turner and Klinefelter syndromes and sex-biased phenotypes. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104169. [PMID: 33610733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a rare developmental condition in females caused by complete, or partial, loss of the second sex chromosome; it is associated with a number of phenotypes including short stature, ovarian failure and infertility, as well as neurobehavioural and cognitive manifestations. In contrast, Klinefelter syndrome (KS) arises from an excess of X chromosome material in males (typical karyotype is 47,XXY); like TS, KS is associated with infertility and hormonal imbalance, and behavioural/neurocognitive differences from gonadal sex-matched counterparts. Lower dosage of genes that escape X-inactivation may partially explain TS phenotypes, whilst overdosage of these genes may contribute towards KS-related symptoms. Here, I discuss new findings from individuals with deletions or duplications limited to Xp22.31 (a region escaping X-inactivation), and consider the extent to which altered gene dosage within this small interval (and of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene in particular) may influence the phenotypic profiles of TS and KS. The expression of X-escapees can be higher in female than male tissues; I conclude by considering how lower Xp22.31 gene dosage in males may increase their likelihood of exhibiting particular phenotypes relative to females. Understanding the genetic contribution to specific phenotypes in rare disorders such as TS and KS, and to more common sex-biased phenotypes, will be important for developing more effective, and more personalised, therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Davies
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences and Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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9
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the early cognitive, temperament, and adaptive functioning of infants and toddlers with Turner syndrome (TS). METHODS Cognitive abilities were measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at 1 year of age for 31 girls with TS and compared with neurotypical female (N = 53) and male (N = 54) control groups. Temperament (Carey Toddler Temperament Scales) and adaptive functioning (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition) were measured at 1 year of age and compared with normative data. An exploratory analysis of cognitive/developmental trajectories was also conducted comparing age 12-month to 24-month time points for 22 TS subjects. RESULTS Infants with TS performed largely within the average range for adaptive behavior, temperament, and early cognitive development with some increased risk for delays in language and significant increased risk for delays in motor skills (p < 0.001). Although exploratory, there was some suggestion of slower rates of progression in fine-motor and visual reception skills from 12 to 24 months of age. CONCLUSIONS Infants and toddlers with TS exhibit a relatively positive neurodevelopmental profile overall, with some indication of an increasing gap in function in fine-motor and visual perceptual abilities as compared to neurotypical peers. It is unclear whether these apparent differences represent normal variability in this very young population or, perhaps, are early precursors of later phenotypic characteristics of TS in the school-age and young adult years.
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10
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Seidlitz J, Nadig A, Liu S, Bethlehem RAI, Vértes PE, Morgan SE, Váša F, Romero-Garcia R, Lalonde FM, Clasen LS, Blumenthal JD, Paquola C, Bernhardt B, Wagstyl K, Polioudakis D, de la Torre-Ubieta L, Geschwind DH, Han JC, Lee NR, Murphy DG, Bullmore ET, Raznahan A. Transcriptomic and cellular decoding of regional brain vulnerability to neurogenetic disorders. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3358. [PMID: 32620757 PMCID: PMC7335069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders have a heritable component and are associated with region specific alterations in brain anatomy. However, it is unclear how genetic risks for neurodevelopmental disorders are translated into spatially patterned brain vulnerabilities. Here, we integrated cortical neuroimaging data from patients with neurodevelopmental disorders caused by genomic copy number variations (CNVs) and gene expression data from healthy subjects. For each of the six investigated disorders, we show that spatial patterns of cortical anatomy changes in youth are correlated with cortical spatial expression of CNV genes in neurotypical adults. By transforming normative bulk-tissue cortical expression data into cell-type expression maps, we link anatomical change maps in each analysed disorder to specific cell classes as well as the CNV-region genes they express. Our findings reveal organizing principles that regulate the mapping of genetic risks onto regional brain changes in neurogenetic disorders. Our findings will enable screening for candidate molecular mechanisms from readily available neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Seidlitz
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ajay Nadig
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Petra E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - František Váša
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - François M Lalonde
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liv S Clasen
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan D Blumenthal
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Casey Paquola
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Boris Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Konrad Wagstyl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Damon Polioudakis
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis de la Torre-Ubieta
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children's Foundation Research Institute, Memphis, TN, USA
- Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Unit on Metabolism and Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy R Lee
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Edward T Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Huntingdon, UK
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Developmental Neurogenomics Unit, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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11
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Karipidis II, Hong DS. Specific learning disorders in sex chromosome aneuploidies: Neural circuits of literacy and mathematics. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:518-530. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iliana I. Karipidis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSchool of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - David S. Hong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSchool of Medicine, Stanford University Stanford California USA
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