1
|
Derivatization Reactions for Analytes with Various Functional Groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
2
|
Kaplan B, Wang Z, Siddhom O, Henthorn TK, Mujais SK. Evaluation of urea kinetics utilizing stable isotope urea and pharmacokinetic modeling. Artif Organs 1999; 23:44-50. [PMID: 9950178 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1594.1999.06290.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The determination of urea kinetics plays a central role in clinical dialysis prescription. There persist, however, significant limitations to current approaches, particularly as they pertain to rigorous explorations of urea metabolism, distribution, and removal. This report describes methodologies designed to address these limitations by coupling a stable nitrogen isotope method with strict compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling. The findings of the present study can be summarized as follows. First, the use of stable isotope labeled exogenous urea is a reliable clinically applicable method for determination of urea kinetics. Second, this method offers significant advantages in that it allows for an accurate measurement of urea distribution space, endogenous urea production, and non-renal clearance of urea. Third, this method is significantly more rigorous than urea kinetic models that utilize only endogenous urea and do not carefully fit data points. Finally, pharmacokinetic modeling suggests that a two-compartment model satisfies all aspects of urea distribution and removal, but these compartments should not be equated with specific physiologic spaces. The combination of stable isotope urea compartmental modeling is a rigorous methodology for the assessment and validation of urea kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nakagawa Y, Nishimura K, Oikawa N, Kurihara N, Ueno T. Activity of ecdysone analogs in enhancing N-acetylglucosamine incorporation into the cultured integument of Chilo suppressalis. Steroids 1995; 60:401-5. [PMID: 7570713 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(94)00065-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysone analogs with various side chains at the 17-position of the steroid structure enhanced the incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine as 20-hydroxyecdysone into the cultured integument prepared from Chilo suppressalis. Their activity in terms of the concentration required to give 50% of the maximum response varied with the structure. Piperonyl butoxide, an inhibitor of oxidation metabolism, did not enhance the in vitro effect of the compounds. The order of potency was ponasterone A > 20-hydroxyecdysone > cyasterone > inokosterone > makisterone A >> ecdysone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakagawa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Awano M, Kawaguchi A, Morisaki M, Mohri H. Identification of cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol and desmosterol in hamster cauda epididymal spermatozoa. Lipids 1989; 24:662-4. [PMID: 2779373 DOI: 10.1007/bf02535086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sterol composition of hamster cauda epididymal spermatozoa was remarkably different from that of several other mammalian spermatozoa. Desmosterol and cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol account for as much as 90% of the total sterols. Cholesterol and desmosterol are the major components of mouse cauda epididymal spermatozoa, and rabbit, boar and bull ejaculated spermatozoa. Cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol was not detected. Furthermore, cholesterol was the main sterol in hamster caput epididymal spermatozoa, while only a trace amount of desmosterol was detected and cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol was hardly detected at all. The sterol content of cauda and caput epididymal spermatozoa was 0.17 +/- 0.05 mumol/10(8) spermatozoa. During maturation, the desmosterol and cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol levels increase and the cholesterol level decreases. Cholesta-7,24-dien-3 beta-ol appears as a sterol in mature spermatozoa and seems to be a characteristic sterol of hamster cauda epididymal spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Awano
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nelson JE, Ruo TI. Assay of stable isotope labelled urea in biological fluids by selected ion monitoring. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 175:59-65. [PMID: 3168284 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(88)90035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A selected ion-monitoring method, incorporating an internal standard, was developed to allow the direct and simultaneous measurement of stable isotope-labelled urea and unlabelled urea concentrations in biological specimens. After cyclization of urea with malonaldehyde bis(dimethylacetal) to form 2-hydroxypyrimidine, the volatile heptafluorobutyryl derivative was made in a two-step process utilizing a trimethylsilyl intermediate. The internal standard, 4-methyl-2-hydroxypyrimidine, was found to be stable under the cyclization conditions. The structures of the internal standard and urea derivatives were confirmed by electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. This method was applied to the measurement of [15N2]urea concentrations in dog plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Nelson
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
|
8
|
|
9
|
Charmantier G. [Endocrine and neuroendocrine control of the puberty molt in the males of Sphaeroma serratum (Fabricius, 1787) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Flabellifera)]. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1980; 41:349-64. [PMID: 7409443 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(80)90079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
10
|
Developmental studies on two ecdysone deficient mutants ofDrosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980; 189:57-67. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00848567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/1979] [Accepted: 05/28/1980] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Mauchamp B, Lafont R, Hardy M, Jourdain D. Analysis of insect juvenile hormones by gas chromatography mass spectrometry: Problems of sample preparation and choice of detection procedure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/bms.1200060703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
12
|
Musial BC, Williams CN. Quantitative assay of conjugated and free bile acids as heptafluorobutyrate derivatives by gas-liquid chromatography. J Lipid Res 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)40653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
13
|
Abstract
The possibility of quantitating insect ecdysones in situ on thin-layer chromatographic plates was examined. Two approaches were evaluated: 1) the induction of ecdysone fluorescence by sulfuric acid treatments and 2) the fluorescence-quenching of fluorescent thin-layer chromatographic plates by ecdysones. The fluorescence-quenching method was found to be most suitable and had a linear response range from 0.5 to 3 microgram for alpha-ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. Fluorescence-quenching and high pressure liquid chromatographic analyses obtained from extracts of alpha-ecdysone 20-hydroxylase incubations gave similar results. New data concerning the acid-induced fluorescence of ecdysones showed alpha-ecdysone to be twice as fluorescent as 20-hydroxyecdysone.
Collapse
|
14
|
Miyazaki H, Ishibashi M, Itoh M, Yamashita K, Nambara T. Use of silylating agents for the identification of hydroxylated steroids by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Discrimination between phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups. J Chromatogr A 1977; 133:311-8. [PMID: 838812 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)83488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A phenolic trimethylsilyl (TMS) group was selectively exchanged for a dimethylalkylsilyl (DMAS) group on a gas chromatographic column by use of sandwich injection technique with DMAS-imidazole, and a TMS ether derivative of a phenolic steroid was converted into a DMAS ether or a mixed TMS and DMAS ether derivative with over 95% recovery. The selective exchange reaction seemed to be caused by the difference in lability between the ethereal TMS linkages to phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups. This selectivity was found to be useful for discriminating gas chromatographically between the phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups in steroids.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bebbington PM, Morgan ED. Detection and identification of moulting hormone (ecdysones) in the barnacle Balanus balanoides. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 56:77-9. [PMID: 830473 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(77)90225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
16
|
Gilgan MW. Separation of ecdysterone, inokosterone, makisterone A, alpha-ecdysone and ponasterone A by a combination of adsorptive and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1976; 129:447-50. [PMID: 1002801 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)87815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
The hydroxyl groups of 20-hydroxyecdysone react with trimethylsilylimidazole with varying ease, in the positional order 2,3,22,25 greater than 20 greater than 14. The 14alpha-hydroxyl group can only be silylated under forcing conditions. Confusion in silylation procedures has been caused by failure to recognize incomplete reaction. The conclusions are supported by mass spectra. In the presence of a catalyst, and absence of a 14alpha-oxy substituent, enol ethers are readily formed, but the rate is considerably reduced with a C-14 substituent present.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ruh MF, Black C. Separation and detection of alpha- and beta-ecdysone using thin-layer chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1976; 116:480-1. [PMID: 1245586 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
19
|
Gagosian RB, Bourbonniere RA. Isolation and purification of the molting hormones from the American lobster (Homarus americanus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 53:155-61. [PMID: 1253552 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(76)90027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
20
|
Bollenbacher WE, Vedeckis WV, Gilbert LI. Ecdysone titers and prothoracic gland activity during the larval-pupal development of Manduca sexta. Dev Biol 1975; 44:46-53. [PMID: 1132588 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(75)90375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
21
|
Poole CF, Morgan ED, Bebbington PM. Analysis of ecdysones by gas chromatography using electron capture detection. J Chromatogr A 1975; 104:172-5. [PMID: 1133128 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)85503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Gagosian RB, Bourbonniere RA, Smith WB, Couch EF, Blanton C, Novak W. Lobster molting hormones: isolation and biosynthesis of ecdysterone. EXPERIENTIA 1974; 30:723-4. [PMID: 4847645 DOI: 10.1007/bf01924149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
Poole CF, Morgan ED. Anomalies in the gas-liquid chromatography of cholesterol heptafluorobutyrate. J Chromatogr A 1974; 90:380-7. [PMID: 4833167 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)92546-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
25
|
Nigg HN, Thompson MJ, Kaplanis JN, Svoboda JA, Robbins WE. High-pressure liquid-solid chromatography of the ecdysones--insect molting hormones. Steroids 1974; 23:507-16. [PMID: 4829343 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(74)90004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
26
|
Morgan E, Poole C. Preparation and assessment of fluorocarbonsilyl ethers as gas chromatography derivatives for steroids. J Chromatogr A 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)99397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
|
28
|
Gilgan MW, Farquharson TE. Paper chromatographic separation of alpha-ecdysone, ecdysterone, inokosterone, makisterone A and ponasterone A. Steroids 1973; 22:365-72. [PMID: 4747441 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(73)90100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
29
|
Abstract
A radioimmune assay for the arthropod molting hormone, ecdysterone, has been developed. The sensitivity of the assay is 200 picograms or 25 times the maximum sensitivity of the bioassay. Closely related steroids also bind the anti-body, but with lower affinities.
Collapse
|