1
|
Latifi T, Kachooei A, Jalilvand S, Zafarian S, Roohvand F, Shoja Z. Correlates of immune protection against human rotaviruses: natural infection and vaccination. Arch Virol 2024; 169:72. [PMID: 38459213 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Species A rotaviruses are the leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Despite progress in the characterization of the pathogenesis and immunology of rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis, correlates of protection (CoPs) in the course of either natural infection or vaccine-induced immunity are not fully understood. There are numerous factors such as serological responses (IgA and IgG), the presence of maternal antibodies (Abs) in breast milk, changes in the intestinal microbiome, and rotavirus structural and non-structural proteins that contribute to the outcome of the CoP. Indeed, while an intestinal IgA response and its surrogate, the serum IgA level, are suggested as the principal CoPs for oral rotavirus vaccines, the IgG level is more likely to be a CoP for parenteral non-replicating rotavirus vaccines. Integrating clinical and immunological data will be instrumental in improving rotavirus vaccine efficacy, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where vaccine efficacy is significantly lower than in high-income countries. Further knowledge on CoPs against rotavirus disease will be helpful for next-generation vaccine development. Herein, available data and literature on interacting components and proposed CoPs against human rotavirus disease are reviewed, and limitations and gaps in our knowledge in this area are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Latifi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Atefeh Kachooei
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Zafarian
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Roohvand
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Shoja
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hensley C, Roier S, Zhou P, Schnur S, Nyblade C, Parreno V, Frazier A, Frazier M, Kiley K, O’Brien S, Liang Y, Mayer BT, Wu R, Mahoney C, McNeal MM, Petsch B, Rauch S, Yuan L. mRNA-Based Vaccines Are Highly Immunogenic and Confer Protection in the Gnotobiotic Pig Model of Human Rotavirus Diarrhea. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:260. [PMID: 38543894 PMCID: PMC10974625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is still a leading cause of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis globally, particularly in infants and children. Previously, we demonstrated the immunogenicity of mRNA-based HRV vaccine candidates expressing the viral spike protein VP8* in rodent models. In the present study, we assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of two mRNA-based HRV trivalent vaccine candidates, encoding VP8* of the genotypes P[8], P[6], or P[4], in the gnotobiotic (Gn) pig model of Wa (G1P[8]) HRV infection and diarrhea. Vaccines either encoded VP8* alone fused to the universal T-cell epitope P2 (P2-VP8*) or expressed P2-VP8* as a fusion protein with lumazine synthase (LS-P2-VP8*) to allow the formation and secretion of protein particles that present VP8* on their surface. Gn pigs were randomly assigned into groups and immunized three times with either P2-VP8* (30 µg) or LS-P2-VP8* (30 µg or 12 µg). A trivalent alum-adjuvanted P2-VP8* protein vaccine or an LNP-formulated irrelevant mRNA vaccine served as the positive and negative control, respectively. Upon challenge with virulent Wa HRV, a significantly shortened duration and decreased severity of diarrhea and significant protection from virus shedding was induced by both mRNA vaccine candidates compared to the negative control. Both LS-P2-VP8* doses induced significantly higher VP8*-specific IgG antibody titers in the serum after immunizations than the negative as well as the protein control. The P[8] VP8*-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells in the ileum, spleen, and blood seven days post-challenge, as well as VP8*-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell numbers increased in all three mRNA-vaccinated pig groups compared to the negative control. Overall, there was a clear tendency towards improved responses in LS-P2-VP8* compared to the P2-VP8*mRNA vaccine. The demonstrated strong humoral immune responses, priming for effector T cells, and the significant reduction of viral shedding and duration of diarrhea in Gn pigs provide a promising proof of concept and may provide guidance for the further development of mRNA-based rotavirus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sandro Roier
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (B.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sofia Schnur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Charlotte Nyblade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Viviana Parreno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Annie Frazier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Maggie Frazier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kelsey Kiley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Samantha O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bryan T. Mayer
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (B.T.M.); (R.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Ruizhe Wu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (B.T.M.); (R.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Celia Mahoney
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; (B.T.M.); (R.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Monica M. McNeal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | | | - Susanne Rauch
- CureVac SE, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.R.); (B.P.); (S.R.)
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (C.H.); (P.Z.); (S.S.); (C.N.); (V.P.); (A.F.); (M.F.); (K.K.); (S.O.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Macías-Parra M, Vidal-Vázquez P, Reyna-Figueroa J, Rodríguez-Weber MÁ, Moreno-Macías H, Hernández-Benavides I, Fortes-Gutiérrez S, Richardson VL, Vázquez-Cárdenas P. Immunogenicity of RV1 and RV5 vaccines administered in standard and interchangeable mixed schedules: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority clinical trial in Mexican infants. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1356932. [PMID: 38463163 PMCID: PMC10920348 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1356932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rotavirus-associated diarrheal diseases significantly burden healthcare systems, particularly affecting infants under five years. Both Rotarix™ (RV1) and RotaTeq™ (RV5) vaccines have been effective but have distinct application schedules and limited interchangeability data. This study aims to provide evidence on the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of mixed RV1-RV5 schedules compared to their standard counterparts. Methods This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the non-inferiority in terms of immunogenicity of mixed rotavirus vaccine schedules compared to standard RV1 and RV5 schedules in a cohort of 1,498 healthy infants aged 6 to 10 weeks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of seven groups receiving various combinations of RV1, and RV5. Standard RV1 and RV5 schedules served as controls of immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety analysis. IgA antibody levels were measured from blood samples collected before the first dose and one month after the third dose. Non-inferiority was concluded if the reduction in seroresponse rate in the mixed schemes, compared to the standard highest responding scheme, did not exceed the non-inferiority margin of -0.10. Reactogenicity traits and adverse events were monitored for 30 days after each vaccination and analyzed on the entire cohort. Results Out of the initial cohort, 1,365 infants completed the study. Immunogenicity analysis included 1,014 infants, considering IgA antibody titers ≥20 U/mL as seropositive. Mixed vaccine schedules demonstrated non-inferiority to standard schedules, with no significant differences in immunogenic response. Safety profiles were comparable across all groups, with no increased incidence of serious adverse events or intussusception. Conclusion The study confirms that mixed rotavirus vaccine schedules are non-inferior to standard RV1 and RV5 regimens in terms of immunogenicity and safety. This finding supports the flexibility of rotavirus vaccination strategies, particularly in contexts of vaccine shortage or logistic constraints. These results contribute to the global effort to optimize rotavirus vaccination programs for broader and more effective pediatric coverage.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02193061.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Vidal-Vázquez
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Reyna-Figueroa
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Sofía Fortes-Gutiérrez
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vesta Louise Richardson
- Coordinación del Servicio de Guardería para el Desarrollo Integral Infantil, Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Vázquez-Cárdenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martínez-Ruiz S, Olivo-Martínez Y, Cordero C, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Pérez-Cano FJ, Badia J, Baldoma L. Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Postbiotic Strategy to Alleviate Diarrhea and Enhance Immunity in Rotavirus-Infected Neonatal Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1184. [PMID: 38256253 PMCID: PMC10816611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) infection is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old, resulting in elevated mortality rates in low-income countries. The efficacy of anti-RV vaccines is limited in underdeveloped countries, emphasizing the need for novel strategies to boost immunity and alleviate RV-induced diarrhea. This study explores the effectiveness of interventions involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) from probiotic and commensal E. coli in mitigating diarrhea and enhancing immunity in a preclinical model of RV infection in suckling rats. On days 8 and 16 of life, variables related to humoral and cellular immunity and intestinal function/architecture were assessed. Both interventions enhanced humoral (serum immunoglobulins) and cellular (splenic natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T (Tc) and positive T-cell receptor γδ (TCRγδ) cells) immunity against viral infections and downregulated the intestinal serotonin receptor-3 (HTR3). However, certain effects were strain-specific. EcoR12 EVs activated intestinal CD68, TLR2 and IL-12 expression, whereas EcN EVs improved intestinal maturation, barrier properties (goblet cell numbers/mucin 2 expression) and absorptive function (villus length). In conclusion, interventions involving probiotic/microbiota EVs may serve as a safe postbiotic strategy to improve clinical symptoms and immune responses during RV infection in the neonatal period. Furthermore, they could be used as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of anti-RV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martínez-Ruiz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yenifer Olivo-Martínez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Cordero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldoma
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.-R.); (Y.O.-M.); (C.C.); (M.J.R.-L.); (F.J.P.-C.); (J.B.)
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Velasquez Portocarrero DE, Cortese MM, Parashar U, Zaman K, Jiang B. Anti-rotavirus antibody measurement in a rotavirus vaccine trial: Choice of vaccine antigen in immunoassays does matter. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2167437. [PMID: 36715015 PMCID: PMC10012887 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2167437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In a clinical trial of Bangladeshi infants who received three doses of RotaTeq (ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks), we did a head-to-head assessment of two vaccine virus strains to measure rotavirus IgA in sera. Serum samples collected at pre-dose 1 (age 6 weeks) and post-dose 3 (age 22 weeks) were tested for rotavirus IgA by EIA by using the matching vaccine strain (RotaTeq) and a different vaccine strain (Rotarix) as antigens. Overall, rotavirus IgA seropositivity and titers with each antigen were compared. At age 22 weeks (N = 531), the proportion of infants who tested rotavirus IgA seropositive was similar when measured using the RotaTeq (412/531 [78%]) or the Rotarix antigen (403/531 [76%]) in the EIA. However, the IgA geometric mean titer was higher when measured using the RotaTeq antigen as compared to that measured using the Rotarix antigen [218 (95%CI: 176-270) vs. 93 (77-111), p < .0001]. We have compared two globally licensed vaccines, the human monovalent, and the pentavalent reassortant, as antigens on a RotaTeq cohort, resulting in higher estimations of IgA antibodies in the same sample when measured using the RotaTeq antigen. Our findings support matching vaccine antigens in EIA for the most desired immunogenicity testing of the RotaTeq vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Margaret M Cortese
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Umesh Parashar
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Khalequ Zaman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu ZW, Jin F, Li QL, Gao JM, Zhou HS, Duan K, Gao Z, Liu Y, Hao ZY, Chen W, Liu YY, Xu GL, Yang B, Dong B, Zhang JW, Zhao YL, Yang XM. Immunogenicity and safety of a new hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in Chinese infants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2263228. [PMID: 37843437 PMCID: PMC10580834 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2263228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus remains a major cause of diarrhea among 5-y-old children, and vaccination is currently the most effective and economical measure. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II clinical trial designed to determine the dosage, immunogenicity, and safety profile of a novel hexavalent rotavirus vaccine. In total, 480 eligible healthy infants, who were 6-12 weeks of age at the time of randomization were randomly allocated (1:1:1) to receive 105.5 focus-forming unit (FFU) or 106.5FFU of vaccine or placebo on a 0, 28 and 56-d schedule. Blood samples were collected 28 d after the third dose to assess rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody levels. Adverse events (AEs) up to 28 d after each dose and serious adverse events (SAEs) up to 6 months after the third dose were recorded as safety measurements. The anti-rotavirus IgA seroconversion rate of the vaccine groups reached more than 70.00%, ranging from 74.63% to 76.87%. The postdose 3 (PD3) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of anti-rotavirus IgA among vaccine recipients ranged from 76.97 U/ml to 84.46 U/ml. At least one solicited AE was recorded in 114 infants (71.25%) in the high-dose vaccine group, 106 infants (66.25%) in the low-dose vaccine group and 104 infants (65.00%) in the placebo group. The most frequently solicited AE was fever. The novel oral hexavalent rotavirus vaccine was safe and immunogenic in infants support the conclusion to advance the candidate vaccine for phase 3 efficacy trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wu
- Institute for Vaccine Clinical Research, Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Jin
- Institute for Vaccine Clinical Research, Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Liang Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Mei Gao
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Song Zhou
- Zhengding County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Gao
- Institute for Vaccine Clinical Research, Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hao
- Zhengding County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Yue Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ge-Lin Xu
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ben Dong
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Wei Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Liang Zhao
- Institute for Vaccine Clinical Research, Hebei Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Malamba-Banda C, Mhango C, Benedicto-Matambo P, Mandolo JJ, Chinyama E, Kumwenda O, Barnes KG, Cunliffe NA, Iturriza-Gomara M, Jambo KC, Jere KC. Acute rotavirus infection is associated with the induction of circulating memory CD4 + T cell subsets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9001. [PMID: 37268634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong CD4+ T cell-mediated immune protection following rotavirus infection has been observed in animal models, but its relevance in humans remains unclear. Here, we characterized acute and convalescent CD4+ T cell responses in children who were hospitalized with rotavirus-positive and rotavirus-negative diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi. Children presenting with laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection had higher proportions of effector and central memory T helper 2 cells during acute infection i.e., at disease presentation compared to convalescence, 28 days post-infection defined by a follow-up 28 days after acute infection. However, circulating cytokine-producing (IFN-γ and/or TNF-α) rotavirus-specific VP6-specific CD4+ T cells were rarely detectable in children with rotavirus infection at both acute and convalescent stages. Moreover, following whole blood mitogenic stimulation, the responding CD4+ T cells were predominantly non-cytokine producers of IFN-γ and/or TNF-α. Our findings demonstrate limited induction of anti-viral IFN-γ and/or TNF-α-producing CD4+ T cells in rotavirus-vaccinated Malawian children following the development of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikondi Malamba-Banda
- Biological Sciences Departments, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Thyolo, Malawi
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chimwemwe Mhango
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Prisca Benedicto-Matambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jonathan J Mandolo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - End Chinyama
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Orpha Kumwenda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kayla G Barnes
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nigel A Cunliffe
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gomara
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kondwani C Jambo
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khuzwayo C Jere
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme (MLW), Blantyre, Malawi.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Health Profession, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Plotkin SA. Recent updates on correlates of vaccine-induced protection. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1081107. [PMID: 36776392 PMCID: PMC9912984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1081107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlates of protection are key for vaccine development against any pathogen. In this paper we summarize recent information about correlates for vaccines against dengue, Ebola, influenza, pneumococcal, respiratory syncytial virus, rotavirus, shigella, tuberculosis and Zika virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley A. Plotkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Consultant, Doylestown, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Stanley A. Plotkin,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen J, Grow S, Iturriza-Gómara M, Hausdorff WP, Fix A, Kirkwood CD. The Challenges and Opportunities of Next-Generation Rotavirus Vaccines: Summary of an Expert Meeting with Vaccine Developers. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112565. [PMID: 36423174 PMCID: PMC9699535 DOI: 10.3390/v14112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2nd Next Generation Rotavirus Vaccine Developers Meeting, sponsored by PATH and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, was held in London, UK (7-8 June 2022), and attended by vaccine developers and researchers to discuss advancements in the development of next-generation rotavirus vaccines and to consider issues surrounding vaccine acceptability, introduction, and uptake. Presentations included updates on rotavirus disease burden, the impact of currently licensed oral vaccines, various platforms and approaches for next generation rotavirus vaccines, strategies for combination pediatric vaccines, and the value proposition for novel parenteral rotavirus vaccines. This report summarizes the information shared at the convening and poses various topics worthy of further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Chen
- Enteric & Diarrheal Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephanie Grow
- Enteric & Diarrheal Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - William P. Hausdorff
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- PATH, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | | | - Carl D. Kirkwood
- Enteric & Diarrheal Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Takeuchi T, Ohno H. IgA in human health and diseases: Potential regulator of commensal microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1024330. [PMID: 36439192 PMCID: PMC9685418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1024330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has extensive and tremendous impacts on human physiology and pathology. The regulation of microbiota is therefore a cardinal problem for the mutualistic relationship, as both microbial overgrowth and excessive immune reactions toward them could potentially be detrimental to host homeostasis. Growing evidence suggests that IgA, the most dominant secretory immunoglobulin in the intestine, regulates the colonization of commensal microbiota, and consequently, the microbiota-mediated intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases. In this review, we discuss the interactions between IgA and gut microbiota particularly relevant to human pathophysiology. We review current knowledge about how IgA regulates gut microbiota in humans and about the molecular mechanisms behind this interaction. We further discuss the potential role of IgA in regulating human diseases by extrapolating experimental findings, suggesting that IgA can be a future therapeutic strategy that functionally modulates gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Takeuchi
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|