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Budvytyte L, Schroeder M, Graf E, Vaillant JJ. Rapid Progression of Invasive Listeria monocytogenes Infection in a Patient With Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis on Ustekinumab. Cureus 2024; 16:e58116. [PMID: 38738136 PMCID: PMC11088815 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompromised man with ulcerative colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cirrhosis treated with azathioprine and ustekinumab who quickly developed invasive Listeria monocytogenes infection after incidental identification on routine paracentesis. The infection rapidly progressed from bacterial peritonitis to bacteremia and meningitis within three days. Treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was successful. We highlight the increased risk of invasive listeriosis in immunocompromised individuals, including those on biologic therapies, and the importance of considering Listeria as a pathogen from sterile sites even in asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Budvytyte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Mariah Schroeder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Erin Graf
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, USA
| | - James J Vaillant
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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2
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Chen P, Cheng F, Huang Q, Dong Y, Sun P, Peng Q. Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry Meat in Jiading District, Shanghai. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100234. [PMID: 38295987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the distribution, contamination status, and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in four types of retail poultry meat, including chicken, duck, goose, and pigeon, sold in Jiading District, Shanghai, a total of 236 retail poultry meat samples were collected, and L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing against 14 common antibiotics. Forty-one L. monocytogenes isolates were detected from the 236 retail poultry meat samples, with detection rates of 24.47%, 19.44%, 14.75%, and 4.44% in chicken, goose, duck, and pigeon meat, respectively. Among refrigerated, frozen, and room temperature samples, refrigerated poultry had the highest detection rate at 25.40%, while frozen poultry had the lowest at 13.33%. The detection rate of L. monocytogenes in chicken meat differed significantly between the storage temperatures, while no significant differences were found for other poultry types. No significant differences in detection rates were observed between different retail locations or packaging methods. Isolates exhibited complete resistance to cefoxitin (FOX) and increasing resistance over time to tetracycline (TET) and clindamycin (CLI), while low levels of resistance were found for penicillin (PEN), oxacillin (OXA), and erythromycin (ERY). Resistance to ERY and TET suggests the potential for multidrug resistance. Significant differences in antibiotic resistance profiles were observed among L. monocytogenes from the various poultry types. In summary, contamination status and antibiotic resistance profiles differed among retail chicken, duck, goose, and pigeon meat sold and the resistance rate of strains continues to increase in Jiading District, Shanghai. Targeted control measures should be implemented to reduce the emergence of resistant strains, as retail conditions had minimal impact on L. monocytogenes prevalence in poultry meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Chen
- Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Fangzhou Cheng
- Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Qiang Huang
- Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Yuting Dong
- Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Pan Sun
- Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Qian Peng
- Shanghai Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201800, China.
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Pouillot R, Kiermeier A, Guillier L, Cadavez V, Sanaa M. Updated Parameters for Listeria monocytogenes Dose-Response Model Considering Pathogen Virulence and Age and Sex of Consumer. Foods 2024; 13:751. [PMID: 38472864 PMCID: PMC10931010 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Better knowledge regarding the Listeria monocytogenes dose-response (DR) model is needed to refine the assessment of the risk of foodborne listeriosis. In 2018, the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) derived a lognormal Poisson DR model for 14 different age-sex sub-groups, marginally to strain virulence. In the present study, new sets of parameters are developed by integrating the EFSA model for these sub-groups together with three classes of strain virulence characteristics ("less virulent", "virulent", and "more virulent"). Considering classes of virulence leads to estimated relative risks (RRs) of listeriosis following the ingestion of 1000 bacteria of "less virulent" vs. "more virulent" strains ranging from 21.6 to 24.1, depending on the sub-group. These relatively low RRs when compared with RRs linked to comorbidities described in the literature suggest that the influence of comorbidity on the occurrence of invasive listeriosis for a given exposure is much more important than the influence of the virulence of the strains. The updated model parameters allow better prediction of the risk of invasive listeriosis across a population of interest, provided the necessary data on population demographics and the proportional contribution of strain virulence classes in food products of interest are available. An R package is made available to facilitate the use of these dose-response models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Pouillot
- Independent Researcher, 18 rue Mohamed Al Ghazi, Rabat 10170, Morocco
| | - Andreas Kiermeier
- Statistical Process Improvement Consulting and Training Pty Ltd., Gumeracha 5233, Australia;
| | - Laurent Guillier
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Vasco Cadavez
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal;
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Moez Sanaa
- Nutrition and Food Safety Department, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Van Paepeghem C, Taghlaoui F, De Loy-Hendrickx A, Vermeulen A, Devlieghere F, Jacxsens L, Uyttendaele M. Prevalence and growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes in innovative, pre-packed, plant-based ready-to-eat food products on the Belgian market. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 410:110506. [PMID: 38043378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, pre-packed ready-to-eat (RTE) food products on the Belgian market have shifted to a more plant-based composition due to a variety of reasons, including consumer concerns about health, animal welfare, and sustainability. However, similar to animal-based RTE foods, plant-based RTE foods can be susceptible to the presence and outgrowth of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). Three innovative, pre-packed, plant-based RTE food product categories on the Belgian market were identified based upon data gaps regarding the prevalence and growth potential of this pathogen. These were vegetarian and vegan deli sandwich slices (category 1), fresh-cut (mixes of) leafy vegetables (category 2), and multi-ingredient salad bowls (category 3). Reports on associated listeriosis outbreaks and recalls were collected and a comprehensive literature review on the prevalence of L. monocytogenes (i.e. detection in 25 g food) was performed. In addition, the prevalence of L. monocytogenes was also determined through an exploratory retail survey of ca. 50 different RTE products of each category. A batch was considered positive if L. monocytogenes was detected in a food item, either on the day of purchase, at the end of shelf life, or both. During the retail survey, L. monocytogenes was not detected in category 2 (0 out of 51 batches), while 1 out of 51 and 6 out of 48 batches were found positive for respectively category 1 and 3. The observed L. monocytogenes concentration did not exceed 10 CFU/g at any point in time in any batch. Furthermore, challenge tests were performed to determine the growth potential of L. monocytogenes in nine pre-packed, plant-based RTE food products (two to four different products of each category, and three different batches per product). After inoculation, products were stored for half of their shelf life at 7 °C and half of their shelf life at 9 °C (simulation of resp. retail and consumer storage). In six of the nine challenge tests executed, growth of L. monocytogenes was supported (i.e. growth potential ≥0.50 log10 CFU/g during shelf life). The highest growth potential was observed for fresh-cut iceberg lettuce (3.60 log10 CFU/g in 9 days), but a large variation regarding the growth potential of L. monocytogenes was noted both between and within the three studied pre-packed, plant-based RTE food product categories. This variation was mainly caused by differences in product composition, physicochemical product characteristics, present (competitive) microbiota such as lactic acid bacteria, applied preservation techniques, and shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Van Paepeghem
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fatima Taghlaoui
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja De Loy-Hendrickx
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Vermeulen
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Devlieghere
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Jacxsens
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Research group of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Doretti M, Genbäck M, Stanghellini E. Mediation analysis with case-control sampling: Identification and estimation in the presence of a binary mediator. Biom J 2024; 66:e2300089. [PMID: 38285401 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.202300089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
With reference to a stratified case-control (CC) procedure based on a binary variable of primary interest, we derive the expression of the distortion induced by the sampling design on the parameters of the logistic model of a secondary variable. This is particularly relevant when performing mediation analysis (possibly in a causal framework) with stratified case-control (SCC) data in settings where both the outcome and the mediator are binary. Despite being designed for parametric identification, our strategy is general and can be used also in a nonparametric context. With reference to parametric estimation, we derive the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator and the M-estimator of the joint outcome-mediator parameter vector. We then conduct a simulation study focusing on the main causal mediation quantities (i.e., natural effects) and comparing M- and ML estimation to existing methods, based on weighting. As an illustrative example, we reanalyze a German CC data set in order to investigate whether the effect of reduced immunocompetency on listeriosis onset is mediated by the intake of gastric acid suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Doretti
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, and Applications, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Minna Genbäck
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena Stanghellini
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Economics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Tago M, Hirata R, Hirakawa Y, Makio S, Oishi T, Nakamura M, Yamashita S, Tokushima Y, Tokushima M, Katsuki NE, Aihara H, Fujiwara M. Listeria meningitis diagnosed by blood culture with fever, neurological symptoms, and no meningeal irritation signs. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8020. [PMID: 37830068 PMCID: PMC10565091 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Listeria can cause neurological symptoms in immunocompromised and older patients. Additionally, it is impossible to rule out meningitis by the absence of typical meningeal irritation signs. Therefore, patients with fever and neurological impairments should be rapidly examined for blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures to rule out Listeria meningitis. Abstract A woman in her 90s developed fever, dysarthria, and transient disturbance of consciousness. Physical examination revealed no meningeal irritation signs. Listeria monocytogenes were detected in her blood culture the following day. Because of an increased number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid, she was diagnosed with Listeria meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tago
- Department of General MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Risa Hirata
- Department of General MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Yuka Hirakawa
- Department of General MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Seijiro Makio
- Department of General MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | - Toru Oishi
- Department of General MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
| | | | - Shun Yamashita
- Department of General MedicineSaga University HospitalSagaJapan
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Bumunang EW, Zaheer R, Niu D, Narvaez-Bravo C, Alexander T, McAllister TA, Stanford K. Bacteriophages for the Targeted Control of Foodborne Pathogens. Foods 2023; 12:2734. [PMID: 37509826 PMCID: PMC10379335 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illness is exacerbated by novel and emerging pathotypes, persistent contamination, antimicrobial resistance, an ever-changing environment, and the complexity of food production systems. Sporadic and outbreak events of common foodborne pathogens like Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes are increasingly identified. Methods of controlling human infections linked with food products are essential to improve food safety and public health and to avoid economic losses associated with contaminated food product recalls and litigations. Bacteriophages (phages) are an attractive additional weapon in the ongoing search for preventative measures to improve food safety and public health. However, like all other antimicrobial interventions that are being employed in food production systems, phages are not a panacea to all food safety challenges. Therefore, while phage-based biocontrol can be promising in combating foodborne pathogens, their antibacterial spectrum is generally narrower than most antibiotics. The emergence of phage-insensitive single-cell variants and the formulation of effective cocktails are some of the challenges faced by phage-based biocontrol methods. This review examines phage-based applications at critical control points in food production systems with an emphasis on when and where they can be successfully applied at production and processing levels. Shortcomings associated with phage-based control measures are outlined together with strategies that can be applied to improve phage utility for current and future applications in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel W Bumunang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dongyan Niu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Claudia Narvaez-Bravo
- Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Trevor Alexander
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1M4, Canada
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Huang C, Lu TL, Yang Y. Mortality risk factors related to listeriosis - A meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:771-783. [PMID: 36958172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have focused on mortality risk factors for listeriosis in the literature. Information on the mortality of populations with listeriosis is needed. We aimed to explore the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis in this meta-analysis. METHODS The studies were considered eligible for inclusion only if they directly compared the mortality risk factors for listeriosis between dead patients and surviving patients. The mortality risk factors included clinical predisposing factors and predisposing comorbidities. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included in this study. There were 12,265 listeriosis patients, including 2863 (23.3%) dead patients. The meta-analysis provided evidence that the mortality risk factors related to listeriosis were as follows: 1. Clinical predisposing factors included age ≥ 60 years, primary bacteremia and central nervous system involvement; 2. Predisposing comorbidities included non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease. In addition, autoimmune disease comorbidity had a protective effect against listeriosis. CONCLUSION The presence of older patients, primary bacteremia, central nervous system involvement, non-hematological malignancies, alcoholism, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease should alert physicians to the higher risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienhsiu Huang
- Department of Internal medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Lung Lu
- Department of Nursing, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan
| | - Yalun Yang
- Department of Nursing, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan
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GOMEZ CARLYB, MITCHELL JADE, RYSER ELLIOTT, MARKS BRADLEYP. Listeriosis Risk Model for Cancer Patients Who Consume Ready-to-Eat Salad. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100087. [PMID: 37004807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes generally infects immunocompromised individuals, such as cancer patients, more frequently and with higher morbidity and mortality than the general population. Because of the anticipated risk associated with L. monocytogenes and other pathogens in produce, immunocompromised individuals are often placed on neutropenic diets that exclude fresh produce, though these risks have not been quantified. Therefore, this study developed a data-driven risk model for listeriosis in cancer patients who consume ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, consisting of leafy greens, cucumbers, and tomatoes, as influenced by kitchen-scale treatments and storage practices. Monte Carlo simulations were used to model the risk of invasive listeriosis during one chemotherapy cycle. Refrigerating all salad components decreased median risk by approximately one-half log. For refrigerated salads with no treatment, the predicted median risk was ≤ 4.3 × 10-08. When salad ingredients were surface blanched with greens rinsed, the predicted risk decreased to 5.4 × 10-10. Predicted risk was lowest (1.4 × 10-13) for a blanched "salad" consisting of solely cucumbers and tomatoes. Interestingly, rinsing, as recommended by FDA only decreased median risk by 1 log. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the highly variable dose-response parameter k strongly influenced risk, indicating that reducing uncertainty in this variable may improve model accuracy. Overall, this study demonstrates that kitchen-scale pathogen reduction approaches have high risk-reduction efficacy and could be considered as an alternative to diets that exclude produce when making risk management decisions.
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Tholany J, Samra H, Kobayashi T, Prasidthrathsint K. Primary spontaneous listerial peritonitis. IDCases 2023; 32:e01748. [PMID: 36974133 PMCID: PMC10038783 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A male in his mid-60s with chronic kidney disease, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and nonalcoholic cirrhosis due to congestive hepatopathy presented with fever and abdominal pain for two weeks. He underwent diagnostic paracentesis, which noted an ascitic neutrophil count over 7000/mm3. Gram stain of the ascitic fluid showed Gram-positive cocci. He was diagnosed with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and was started on ceftriaxone. Ascites cultures grew Listeria monocytogenes and antibiotics were changed to ampicillin. He received one week of ampicillin while inpatient and seven weeks of oral amoxicillin, at which point his ascitic neutrophil count was less than 250/mm3. He was continued on suppressive amoxicillin for an additional 14 weeks with no recurrence in over a year after the discontinuation of amoxicillin. Though uncommon, L. monocytogenes should be considered a pathogen causing SBP. Focal listerial infections can be treated with penicillins alone while invasive disease may require the addition of aminoglycosides.
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Barichello T, Rocha Catalão CH, Rohlwink UK, van der Kuip M, Zaharie D, Solomons RS, van Toorn R, Tutu van Furth M, Hasbun R, Iovino F, Namale VS. Bacterial meningitis in Africa. Front Neurol 2023; 14:822575. [PMID: 36864913 PMCID: PMC9972001 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.822575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis differs globally, and the incidence and case fatality rates vary by region, country, pathogen, and age group; being a life-threatening disease with a high case fatality rate and long-term complications in low-income countries. Africa has the most significant prevalence of bacterial meningitis illness, and the outbreaks typically vary with the season and the geographic location, with a high incidence in the meningitis belt of the sub-Saharan area from Senegal to Ethiopia. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) are the main etiological agents of bacterial meningitis in adults and children above the age of one. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus), Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are neonatal meningitis's most common causal agents. Despite efforts to vaccinate against the most common causes of bacterial neuro-infections, bacterial meningitis remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in Africa, with children below 5 years bearing the heaviest disease burden. The factors attributed to this continued high disease burden include poor infrastructure, continued war, instability, and difficulty in diagnosis of bacterial neuro-infections leading to delay in treatment and hence high morbidity. Despite having the highest disease burden, there is a paucity of African data on bacterial meningitis. In this article, we discuss the common etiologies of bacterial neuroinfectious diseases, diagnosis and the interplay between microorganisms and the immune system, and the value of neuroimmune changes in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Science, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ursula K. Rohlwink
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martijn van der Kuip
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan Zaharie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Regan S. Solomons
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ronald van Toorn
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marceline Tutu van Furth
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Federico Iovino
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivian Ssonko Namale
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Abbas MN, Kausar S, Asma B, Ran W, Li J, Lin Z, Li T, Cui H. MicroRNAs reshape the immunity of insects in response to bacterial infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176966. [PMID: 37153604 PMCID: PMC10161253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between bacteria and insects can significantly impact a wide range of different areas because bacteria and insects are widely distributed around the globe. The bacterial-insect interactions have the potential to directly affect human health since insects are vectors for disease transmission, and their interactions can also have economic consequences. In addition, they have been linked to high mortality rates in economically important insects, resulting in substantial economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are types of non-coding RNAs involved in regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. The length of miRNAs ranges from 19 to 22 nucleotides. MiRNAs, in addition to their ability to exhibit dynamic expression patterns, have a diverse range of targets. This enables them to govern various physiological activities in insects, like innate immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNAs have a crucial biological role in bacterial infection by influencing immune responses and other mechanisms for resistance. This review focuses on some of the most recent and exciting discoveries made in recent years, including the correlation between the dysregulation of miRNA expression in the context of bacterial infection and the progression of the infection. Furthermore, it describes how they profoundly impact the immune responses of the host by targeting the Toll, IMD, and JNK signaling pathways. It also emphasizes the biological function of miRNAs in regulating immune responses in insects. Finally, it also discusses current knowledge gaps about the function of miRNAs in insect immunity, in addition to areas that require more research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Saima Kausar
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bibi Asma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Ran
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingui Li
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zini Lin
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Gastrointestinal Vascular Surgery, The Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Tiejun Li, ; Hongjuan Cui,
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Tiejun Li, ; Hongjuan Cui,
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Iiyambo OJ, Baba V, Thomas J, Sekwadi P, Naidoo P. Presentation and outcomes of Listeria-affected pregnancies in Johannesburg tertiary hospitals: A 2-year review. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2022; 161:989-996. [PMID: 36495249 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe maternal risk factors, presentations, peripartum findings, and pregnancy outcomes in Listeria monocytogenes-infected women. METHODS A retrospective descriptive case review. The records of 51 pregnant women infected with listeriosis who delivered infants between February 1, 2016 and February 28, 2018 at three academic hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa, were included. The diagnosis of listeriosis was made on maternal/neonatal-sampled blood or tissue cultures. RESULTS Forty-eight (82.3%) Listeria infections of maternal and neonatal listeriosis were diagnosed on blood culture. The median gestational age at diagnosis was at a preterm gestation of 33 (20-43) weeks. Twenty-eight women (54.9%) had normal vaginal deliveries. Precipitous labor was described in 18 (39%) of these women. Fetal distress was the indication for cesarean section in 22 (41.2%) women. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was found in 21 (61.7%) women at the time of delivery. The category of very low birth weight had 14 (27.4%) neonates with an Apgar score of less than 7 at 5 min. Maternal morbidities included chorioamnionitis (3 [5.8%]) and puerperal infections (7 [13.7%]). The HIV-positive anemic women had a tendency towards listerial infections. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of listeriosis were non-specific and diagnosis was detected on blood culture sampling. Risk factors included HIV seropositivity and were associated with puerperal infections and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia-Joan Iiyambo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vuyelwa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Juno Thomas
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Phuti Sekwadi
- Centre for Enteric Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Poovangela Naidoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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14
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Sampedro F, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Servadio JL, Gummalla S, Hedberg CW. Quantitative risk assessment model to investigate the public health impact of varying Listeria monocytogenes allowable levels in different food commodities: A retrospective analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 383:109932. [PMID: 36182750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invasive listeriosis is a potentially fatal foodborne disease that according to this study may affect up to 32.9 % of the US population considered as increased risk and including people with underlying conditions and co-morbidities. Listeria monocytogenes has been scrutinized in research and surveillance programs worldwide in Ready-to-Eat (RTE) food commodities (RTE salads, deli meats, soft/semi-soft cheese, seafood) and frozen vegetables in the last 30 years with an estimated overall prevalence of 1.4-9.9 % worldwide (WD) and 0.5-3.8 % in the United States (US). Current L. monocytogenes control efforts have led to a prevalence reduction in the last 5 years of 4.9-62.9 % (WD) and 12.4-92.7 % (US). A quantitative risk assessment model was developed, estimating the probability of infection in the US susceptible population to be 10-10,000× higher than general population and the total number of estimated cases in the US was 1044 and 2089 cases by using the FAO/WHO and Pouillot dose-response models. Most cases were attributed to deli meats (>90 % of cases) followed by RTE salads (3.9-4.5 %), soft and semi-soft cheese and RTE seafood (0.5-1.0 %) and frozen vegetables (0.2-0.3 %). Cases attributed to the increased risk population corresponded to 96.6-98.0 % of the total cases with the highly susceptible population responsible for 46.9-80.1 % of the cases. Removing product lots with a concentration higher than 1 CFU/g reduced the prevalence of contamination by 15.7-88.3 % and number of cases by 55.9-100 %. Introducing lot-by-lot testing and defining allowable quantitative regulatory limits for low-risk RTE commodities may reduce the public health impact of L. monocytogenes and improve the availability of enumeration data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sampedro
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cordoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Joseph L Servadio
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Craig W Hedberg
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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15
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Wang J, Li YC, Yang KY, Wang J, Dong Z. Brainstem abscesses caused by Listeria monocytogenes: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:7924-7930. [PMID: 36158471 PMCID: PMC9372829 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i22.7924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial Listeria infections are common in newborns and immunocompromised individuals, but brainstem abscesses are rare.
CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of brainstem abscesses caused by Listeria monocytogenes in a previously healthy adult patient. The patient’s magnetic resonance imaging examination showed multiple brain abscesses, and his second cerebrospinal fluid culture test indicated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. Despite early empirical therapy, the patient’s condition progressively deteriorated. Because the patient's abscesses were located in the brainstem and multiple lobes, surgery was not possible. The patient died 40 d after admission.
CONCLUSION This case highlights the importance of rational clinical use of drugs to avoid potentially serious infectious complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ke-Yu Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zan Dong
- Department of Neurology, Yuncheng Central Hospital, Yuncheng 043100, Shanxi Province, China
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16
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Vallejo P, Cilla G, López-Olaizola M, Vicente D, Marimón JM. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Listeriosis in Gipuzkoa, Spain, 2010-2020. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:894334. [PMID: 35755994 PMCID: PMC9218358 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.894334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeriosis continues to be one of the most important notifiable foodborne diseases. Nonetheless, in Spain, there are few data on the molecular epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes infections in recent years. Aim To describe clinical features and the molecular epidemiology of human listeriosis over an 11-year period (2010–2020) in Gipuzkoa, Northern Spain. Methods A total of 111 isolates, all but one from invasive disease, were studied. Serotyping (agglutination and multiplex polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and multilocus sequence typing were performed for all isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the broth microdilution method. Results The average annual incidence of listeriosis in non-pregnancy-associated cases was 1.55 per 100,000 population, with a 1-month mortality rate of 22.2%. In pregnant women, the average incidence was 0.45 cases per 1,000 pregnancies. Twenty-four sequence types were identified, serotype 4b ST1 (24.3%) being the most frequent followed by 1/2b ST87 (18.9%), which caused two long outbreaks in 2013–2014. A significant association was observed between ST219 and meningitis (p < 0.001). All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin as well as other antibiotics used in listeriosis treatment. Conclusion Despite current control measures, listeriosis continues to be an important cause of mortality in the elderly, preterm birth, and miscarriages in pregnant women. Improvements in the control and diagnosis of listeriosis are needed to reduce the impact of this infection on vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vallejo
- Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gustavo Cilla
- Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Vaccine Preventable Diseases Group, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maddi López-Olaizola
- Microbiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Diego Vicente
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José María Marimón
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Area, Respiratory Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organization, San Sebastián, Spain
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17
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Ke Y, Ye L, Zhu P, Sun Y, Zhu Z. Listeriosis during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:261. [PMID: 35346105 PMCID: PMC8962181 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis is a severe infectious disease and potentially leads to fetal/neonatal fatal, while limited information on pregnancy-associated listeriosis is available in China. This study aimed to reveal the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy-associated listeriosis cases and provide references for treating and managing this disease.
Methods
We performed a retrospective study on maternal and neonatal patients with pregnancy-associated listeriosis. The clinical characteristics of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were studied, and the outcome determinants of neonatal listeriosis were explored.
Results
14 cases of pregnancy-associated listeriosis were identified. The incidence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis in our hospital was 16.69/100,000 births. All of the 14 maternal patients eventually recovered after delivery shortly with no sequelae. None of the 12 mothers who delivered in this hospital received antepartum first-line empirical treatment. Among the 14 neonatal cases, 1 was late-onset listeriosis and 13 were early-onset cases; 11 survived and 3 died. Fatality rates were significantly higher in outborn neonates (P = 0.005). Besides, higher mortality rates were observed in neonates with lower birth weight (P = 0.038), gestational age < 28 weeks (P = 0.056), and Apgar score (5th min) < 5 (P = 0.056), with marginally significant differences.
Conclusions
Pregnancy-associated listeriosis would bring disastrous effects to the neonatal cases, especially to the outborn, low birth weight, and low gestational age of neonates. Timely detection and treatment should be taken seriously for the key neonates. How to early detect L. monocytogenes infected cases, especially in the prenatal stage, remains a serious challenge.
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18
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Dogan OB, Stratton J, Arciniega A, Clarke J, Tamplin ML, Bianchini A, Wang B. Quantitative modeling of the survival of Listeria monocytogenes in soy sauce-based acidified food products. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 370:109635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Samant S, Uyemura B, Sarbagya P, Jha P. Listerial Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Cureus 2022; 14:e22051. [PMID: 35340468 PMCID: PMC8915950 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of ascites often seen in advanced hepatic disease that is most commonly caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Here, we report a rare case of Listeria monocytogenes SBP, diagnosed by peritoneal fluid culture and responsive to ampicillin, in a patient with portal hypertension secondary to nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Because Listeria species are resistant to empiric SBP therapies and delays in treatment have been associated with increased mortality, they must be considered in high-risk patients.
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20
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Bagatella S, Tavares-Gomes L, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes at the interface between ruminants and humans: A comparative pathology and pathogenesis review. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:186-210. [PMID: 34856818 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is widely distributed in the environment as a saprophyte, but may turn into a lethal intracellular pathogen upon ingestion. Invasive infections occur in numerous species worldwide, but most commonly in humans and farmed ruminants, and manifest as distinct forms. Of those, neuroinfection is remarkably threatening due to its high mortality. Lm is widely studied not only as a pathogen but also as an essential model for intracellular infections and host-pathogen interactions. Many aspects of its ecology and pathogenesis, however, remain unclear and are rarely addressed in its natural hosts. This review highlights the heterogeneity and adaptability of Lm by summarizing its association with the environment, farm animals, and disease. It also provides current knowledge on key features of the pathology and (molecular) pathogenesis of various listeriosis forms in naturally susceptible species with a special focus on ruminants and on the neuroinvasive form of the disease. Moreover, knowledge gaps on pathomechanisms of listerial infections and relevant unexplored topics in Lm pathogenesis research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bagatella
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Tavares-Gomes
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Quereda JJ, Morón-García A, Palacios-Gorba C, Dessaux C, García-del Portillo F, Pucciarelli MG, Ortega AD. Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology. Virulence 2021; 12:2509-2545. [PMID: 34612177 PMCID: PMC8496543 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1975526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host's gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host-pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Quereda
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Alvaro Morón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Palacios-Gorba
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities. Valencia, Spain
| | - Charlotte Dessaux
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco García-del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Graciela Pucciarelli
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular ‘Severo Ochoa’. Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro D. Ortega
- Departamento de Biología Celular. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)- Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Huang SH, Hsieh MS, Hu SY, Huang SC, Tsai CA, Hsu CY, Lin TC, Lee YC, Liao SH. Performance of Scoring Systems in Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Bacteremia of Listeria monocytogenes: A 9-Year Hospital-Based Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1073. [PMID: 34827066 PMCID: PMC8615254 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a facultative anaerobe, Gram-positive bacillus which is widely distributed in nature, and can be separated from soil, water, and rotten vegetables. Immunocompetent people are less likely to suffer from LM infection or may only show gastrointestinal symptoms. However, immunocompromised elderly people, pregnant women, and newborns may develop life-threatening invasive infections. The mortality rate of LM infection is as high as 25-30%. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical scores of patients with bacteremia of LM confirmed by one or more blood cultures. We analyzed their demographics and laboratory findings in relation to their clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a hospital-based retrospective study on patients with bacteremia of LM. Data were collected from the electronic clinical database of Taichung Veterans General Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020. Bacteremia of LM was confirmed by at least one blood culture. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data were collected for analysis. A variety of clinical scoring systems were used to predict the clinical outcome. RESULTS A total of 39 patients had confirmed bacteremia of LM. Among them, 1 neonatal patient was excluded. The remaining 38 patients were studied. They included 16 males (42.1%) and 22 females (57.9%), with a mean age of 59.9 ± 19.6 years. Their hospital stay averaged 23.3 ± 20.9 days. The in-hospital mortality rate was 36.8%. Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS) Score was 6.6 ± 4.0 for survivors and 12.4 ± 4.4 for non-survivors (P < 0.001). The National Early Warning Score (NEWS) was 3.9 ± 2.8 for survivors and 7.8 ± 3.1 for non-survivors (P = 0.001). Regarding the prediction of mortality risk, the AUC of ROC was 0.829 for MEDS and 0.815 for NEWS. CONCLUSIONS MEDS and NEWS were both good predictors of the clinical outcome in LM bacteremic patients. In those with higher scores of MEDS (≥10) and NEWS (≥8), we recommended an early goal-directed therapy and appropriate antibiotic treatment as early as possible to reduce mortality. Further large-scale studies are required to gain a deeper understanding of this disease and to ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (T.-C.L.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 40466, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (M.-S.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yuan Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (T.-C.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Che-An Tsai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Chiann-Yi Hsu
- Biostatistics Task Force, Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-H.H.); (T.-C.L.)
- School of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan; (M.-S.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Shu-Hui Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan;
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Jevšnik M, Česen A, Šantić M, Ovca A. Food Safety Knowledge and Practices of Pregnant Women and Postpartum Mothers in Slovenia. Foods 2021; 10:2412. [PMID: 34681461 PMCID: PMC8535543 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food safety during pregnancy and postpartum is important for preventing foodborne diseases, while pregnant women are considered vulnerable due to their immunomodulatory condition. The current study aimed to investigate the self-reported food safety knowledge and practices of pregnant women and postpartum mothers in Slovenia using an online questionnaire and to compare the results with nonpregnant women as a control group. The study was conducted with 426 women, of whom 145 were pregnant, 191 were not pregnant, and 90 were postpartum. The online questionnaire consisted of questions related to food safety risk perception, hand hygiene, food purchase, food storage, food preparation and handling of infant formula and breast milk. The results showed that women generally have basic knowledge of proper food handling and are aware of food safety, but some specific gaps were identified in food handling at home, especially concerning microbiological risks. However, the results showed that pregnant women performed better than the postpartum group, and both groups performed significantly better than the nonpregnant group. The media was most frequently cited as a source of food safety information, especially by the pregnant group. Trained health workers should also inform women on how to ensure food safety in the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jevšnik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (A.Č.)
| | - Anja Česen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (A.Č.)
| | - Marina Šantić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20/1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Andrej Ovca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.J.); (A.Č.)
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Kubota T, Mori Y, Yamada G, Cammack I, Shinohara T, Matsuzaka S, Hoshi T. Listeria monocytogenes Ankle Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis on Adalimumab: A Report and Literature Review of Listeria monocytogenes Osteomyelitis. Intern Med 2021; 60:3171-3176. [PMID: 34602523 PMCID: PMC8545638 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5633-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized Listeria infection predominantly occurs in the prosthetic and hip joints. We herein report a case of Listeria monocytogenes ankle osteomyelitis in a 73-year-old man receiving adalimumab who was transferred to our hospital because of suspected rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flare. He reported a four-month history of left ankle swelling. A surgical biopsy revealed L. monocytogenes osteomyelitis in the left tibia and talus bones. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and surgical debridement. Thus, infection due to L. monocytogenes can present as ankle osteomyelitis in immunocompromised patients and may mimic an RA flare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kubota
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Japan
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, U.S.A
| | - Yuichiro Mori
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Japan
| | - Gen Yamada
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Suguru Matsuzaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hoshi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Japan
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Ntuli N, Wadula J, Nakwa F, Thomas R, Van Kwawegen A, Sepeng L, Seake K, Kgwadi D, Sono L, Ondongo-Ezhet C, Velaphi S. Characteristics and Outcomes of Neonates With Blood Stream Infection Due to Listeria monocytogenes. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:917-921. [PMID: 34310508 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection due to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is rare in neonates; thus, its clinical presentation and outcomes are not commonly reported, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In 2017, South Africa had an outbreak due to LM. OBJECTIVE To determine demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory findings and outcomes of all neonates infected with LM during the outbreak period. METHODS This is a retrospective analytic study. Clinical and laboratory records of neonates admitted at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from January 2017 to May 2018 with positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture with LM were reviewed for demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, ancillary laboratory test results and outcomes at hospital discharge. RESULTS There were 42 neonates with positive cultures due to LM. Thirty-four (81%) were born preterm. Mode of delivery was vaginal in 78.6% and 31.0% were HIV exposed. All patients presented within the first 6 days of life as an early-onset disease. Common clinical presentation was respiratory depression (52.4%) and respiratory distress (38.1%) with 69% requiring invasive or noninvasive respiratory support. Common abnormal laboratory findings were high C-reactive protein (77.1%) followed by leukopenia (23.8%). Fourteen patients (40%) had features of meningitis based on blood and cerebrospinal fluid findings (4 culture proven). There were 11 deaths at hospital discharge, giving a mortality rate of 26.2%. CONCLUSIONS The majority of neonates infected with LM were born preterm, raising the possibility that LM itself may have been responsible for preterm labor. All presented in the first 6 days of life and most presented with respiratory distress or depression. A high proportion had meningitis, and there was a high-mortality overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandi Ntuli
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeannette Wadula
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Firdose Nakwa
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reenu Thomas
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alison Van Kwawegen
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Letlhogonolo Sepeng
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karabo Seake
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dikeledi Kgwadi
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lino Sono
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Claude Ondongo-Ezhet
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sithembiso Velaphi
- From the School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Soni A, Tucker LM. Neurolisteriosis presenting with multiple intracerebral haemorrhages. Pract Neurol 2021; 22:73-74. [PMID: 34417347 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aayesha Soni
- Department of Neurology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Virulence Pattern Analysis of Three Listeria monocytogenes Lineage I Epidemic Strains with Distinct Outbreak Histories. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081745. [PMID: 34442824 PMCID: PMC8399138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of the food-borne pathogen Listeria (L.) monocytogenes have diverse virulence potential. This study focused on the virulence of three outbreak strains: the CC1 strain PF49 (serovar 4b) from a cheese-associated outbreak in Switzerland, the clinical CC2 strain F80594 (serovar 4b), and strain G6006 (CC3, serovar 1/2a), responsible for a large gastroenteritis outbreak in the USA due to chocolate milk. We analysed the genomes and characterized the virulence in vitro and in vivo. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a high conservation of the major virulence genes. Minor deviations of the gene contents were found in the autolysins Ami, Auto, and IspC. Moreover, different ActA variants were present. Strain PF49 and F80594 showed prolonged survival in the liver of infected mice. Invasion and intracellular proliferation were similar for all strains, but the CC1 and CC2 strains showed increased spreading in intestinal epithelial Caco2 cells compared to strain G6006. Overall, this study revealed long-term survival of serovar 4b strains F80594 and PF49 in the liver of mice. Future work will be needed to determine the genes and molecular mechanism behind the long-term survival of L. monocytogenes strains in organs.
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Chung J, McCarthy KL, Redmond A, Butler J, Scott AP, Stewart AG. Listeria monocytogenes brain abscess as a late complication of allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Intern Med J 2021; 51:1005-1006. [PMID: 34155758 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Chung
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate L McCarthy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Redmond
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Butler
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashleigh P Scott
- Department of Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam G Stewart
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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29
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Ciaranello AL, Tran KM, Audin CR, Anahtar MN. Case 21-2021: A 33-Year-Old Pregnant Woman with Fever, Abdominal Pain, and Headache. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:265-274. [PMID: 34260840 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc2107344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Ciaranello
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Kathy M Tran
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Craig R Audin
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Melis N Anahtar
- From the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (A.L.C., K.M.T.), Radiology (C.R.A.), and Pathology (M.N.A.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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Cordas Dos Santos DM, Fischer L, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Khatamzas E. Unexpected community-acquired co-infections during an ongoing pandemic: (one) too many diagnoses at once. Infection 2021; 50:799-801. [PMID: 34216373 PMCID: PMC8253680 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Manuel Cordas Dos Santos
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
- Cancer- and Immunometabolism Research Group, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Fischer
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elham Khatamzas
- Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich, 81377, Germany.
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
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31
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Edlind T, Liu Y. Listeria environmental sampling tests are compatible with polymorphic locus sequence typing. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3188-3194. [PMID: 34146420 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Food processors invest significant resources into environmental sampling to detect contamination with potential pathogens, particularly Listeria monocytogenes. To facilitate these efforts, multiple environmental sampling tests (ESTs) have been developed and commercialized that minimize workload, turnaround time, and cost while providing convenient colorimetric detection. For presumptive-positive ESTs, we hypothesized that a relatively minor additional investment could provide, in addition to species confirmation, valuable strain typing data for tracking pathogen spread through a facility, identifying harborage sites, and distinguishing sporadic from persistent or resident contaminants. This hypothesis is based on the demonstrated compatibility of polymorphic locus sequence typing (PLST) with crude samples including food enrichments. Five Listeria ESTs were tested here: broth-based InSite (Hygiena), Path-Chek (Mericon), and Pathfinder (Hardy Diagnositics); and gel-based Petrifilm (3M) and HardyChrom (Hardy Diagnostics). ESTs were inoculated with strains representing two common L. monocytogenes serotypes and nonpathogenic Listeria innocua. Following incubation, broths or suspended colonies were heat treated to inactivate bacteria. Lysates or purified DNAs were prepared and used as templates in PCRs targeting the previously described PLST loci LmiMT1 and LisMT2. Single clear products were obtained from all inoculated ESTs; uninoculated controls were negative. PCR products were subjected to Sanger sequencing, yielding high-quality chromatograms. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed identities to previously determined sequences and revealed relatedness to serotype-matched strains represented in GenBank databases. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Multiple environmental sampling tests have been commercialized in recent years to facilitate the proactive detection of pathogens, particularly Listeria monocytogenes, within food processing facilities. Coupling a positive detection test with strain typing would enhance its value by providing data that can be used to track pathogen spread through a facility, identify harborage sites, and distinguish sporadic from resident contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Edlind
- MicrobiType LLC, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanhong Liu
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
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32
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Bae SW, Lee JH. Coinfection of Sphingomonas paucimobilis meningitis and Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2021; 39:67-71. [PMID: 34092053 PMCID: PMC8895961 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2021.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a case of coinfection of Sphingomonas paucimobilis meningitis and Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia in a 66-year-old immunocompetent female patient. The patient had undergone traditional procedures, including acupuncture, which possibly caused the coinfection. During treatment with susceptible antibiotics for bacterial meningitis, she developed hydrocephalus on the third day. Consequently, the patient recovered with a mild neurological deficit of grade 4 motor assessment in both upper and lower extremities at discharge. S. paucimobilis and L. monocytogenes are rare pathogens in developed countries, occurring only during environmental outbreaks. S. paucimobilis meningitis is rarely reported. Hence, the various presentations of S. paucimobilis meningitis and the antibiotic regimen for its treatment are hereby reported, in addition to a review of other similar reported cases. This case is a possible traditional procedure-related infection. Appropriate oversight and training should be emphasized regarding preventive measures of this kind of infection. A team approach with neurologists and neurosurgeons is imperative in treating patients with hydrocephalus-complicated meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woon Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Wang Z, Tao X, Liu S, Zhao Y, Yang X. An Update Review on Listeria Infection in Pregnancy. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1967-1978. [PMID: 34079306 PMCID: PMC8165209 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s313675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an intracellular, aerobic and facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium, which is primarily transmitted to humans orally via food. LM could occur in asymptomatic pregnant women; however, fetal infection is a serious condition, entailing premature birth, abortion, sepsis, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, or even death. If a pregnant woman exhibits symptoms, the performance is almost like influenza, such as fever, headache, diarrhea, myalgia, or other digestive-related symptoms. This review collected clinical and empirical results regarding the mechanism, clinical manifestations, obstetrical outcome, diagnosis, treatment, vertical transmission, neonatal infection, and prevention of listeriosi according to articles published in PubMed from January 1, 1980, to March 20, 2021. The early detection and diagnosis of pregnancy-associated listeriosis are significant since sensitive antibiotics are effective at enhancing the prognosis of newborns. Listeriosis can be diagnosed using positive cultures from maternal or neonatal blood, neonatal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), amniotic fluid, intrauterine mucosa, or the placenta. Two weeks of high-dose intravenous amoxicillin (more than 6 g/day) is recommended for LM pregnant women without allergy. Terminating the pregnancy to save the mother’s life should be considered if maternal and fetal conditions aggravate. Neonatal Listeria infection is primarily transmitted through the placenta, which is a critical illness associated with a high mortality rate. The necessary dietary guidance for pregnant women can reduce the incidence rate of pregnancy-related listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Tao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Farber JM, Zwietering M, Wiedmann M, Schaffner D, Hedberg CW, Harrison MA, Hartnett E, Chapman B, Donnelly CW, Goodburn KE, Gummalla S. Alternative approaches to the risk management of Listeria monocytogenes in low risk foods. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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35
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Brusa V, Prieto M, Campos C, Epszteyn S, Cuesta A, Renaud V, Schembri G, Vanzini M, Michanie S, Leotta G, Signorini M. Quantitative risk assessment of listeriosis associated with fermented sausage and dry-cured pork shoulder consumption in Argentina. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pulmonary insults exacerbate susceptibility to oral Listeria monocytogenes infection through the production of IL-10 by NK cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009531. [PMID: 33878120 PMCID: PMC8087096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most individuals who consume foods contaminated with the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) develop mild symptoms, while others are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections (listeriosis). Although it is known that the risk of severe disease is increased in certain human populations, including the elderly, it remains unclear why others who consume contaminated food develop listeriosis. Here, we used a murine model to discover that pulmonary coinfections can impair the host’s ability to adequately control and eradicate systemic Lm that cross from the intestines to the bloodstream. We found that the resistance of mice to oral Lm infection was dramatically reduced by coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), a bacterium that colonizes the respiratory tract and can also cause severe infections in the elderly. Exposure to Spn or microbial products, including a recombinant Lm protein (L1S) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), rendered otherwise resistant hosts susceptible to severe systemic Lm infection. In addition, we show that this increase in susceptibility was dependent on an increase in the production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) from Ncr1+ cells, including natural killer (NK) cells. Lastly, the ability of Ncr1+ cell derived IL-10 to increase disease susceptibility correlated with a dampening of both myeloid cell accumulation and myeloid cell phagocytic capacity in infected tissues. These data suggest that efforts to minimize inflammation in response to an insult at the respiratory mucosa render the host more susceptible to infections by Lm and possibly other pathogens that access the oral mucosa. The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) causes food-borne infections in humans and animals. Most humans who consume Lm-contaminated foods develop mild symptoms, but in a subset of individuals Lm causes severe systemic infections that are often lethal. Although the factors that predispose individuals to develop severe Lm infection are not well understood, systemic infections require bacteria to disseminate from the intestines to the bloodstream and peripheral tissues. Here we show in a murine model of infection that feeding of Lm alone results in the dissemination of only small numbers of bacteria that are contained and fail to cause symptoms. However, feeding of Lm in mice that also encounter a second infection in the lungs, or have exposure to microbial products in the lungs, results in a severe infection with large numbers of systemic Lm. These lung exposures increase the survival and expansion of Lm that disseminate from the intestines to peripheral tissues by stimulating release of regulatory proteins that dampen the ability of myeloid cells to kill Lm. This study thus reveals how the dampening of inflammation upon microbial exposure at one mucosal tissue can impair the immune response to pathogens entering at a different site and how secondary exposures impact severity of infection in animals that consume Lm-contaminated foods.
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Antilisterial Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Eliminating Listeria monocytogenes in Host and Ready-to-Eat Food Application. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a severe food borne disease with a mortality rate of up to 30% caused by pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes via the production of several virulence factors including listeriolysin O (LLO), transcriptional activator (PrfA), actin (Act), internalin (Int), etc. It is a foodborne disease predominantly causing infections through consumption of contaminated food and is often associated with ready-to-eat food (RTE) and dairy products. Common medication for listeriosis such as antibiotics might cause an eagle effect and antibiotic resistance if it is overused. Therefore, exploration of the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic characteristics and multiple antimicrobial properties is increasingly getting attention for their capability to treat listeriosis, vaccine development, and hurdle technologies. The antilisterial gene, a gene coding to produce antimicrobial peptide (AMP), one of the inhibitory substances found in LAB, is one of the potential key factors in listeriosis treatment, coupled with the vast array of functions and strategies; this review summarizes the various strategies by LAB against L. monocytogenes and the prospect in development of a ‘generally regarded as safe’ LAB for treatment of listeriosis.
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Huang DB, Duncan LR, Edah YK, Rhomberg PR, Flamm RK, Huband MD. In vitro activity of iclaprim and comparator agents against Listeria monocytogenes clinical isolates from 2012 to 2018. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:14-17. [PMID: 33662644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the in vitro activity of iclaprim and comparators against 40 Listeria monocytogenes clinical isolates mostly (95%) from patients with bloodstream infection (BSI) from the USA, Australia/New Zealand, Latin America and Europe collected between 2012-2018. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) interpretations were based on CLSI criteria. RESULTS The iclaprim MIC90 value for all L. monocytogenes was 0.015 μg/mL. The MIC50/90 values for iclaprim were 4-fold lower than trimethoprim, the only FDA-approved dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, against all L. monocytogenes. CONCLUSION Iclaprim demonstrated lower MIC values than trimethoprim against a collection (2012-2018) of L. monocytogenes clinical isolates mostly from patients with BSI from the USA, Australia/New Zealand, Latin America and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Huang
- Motif BioSciences, Princeton, NJ, USA; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Trenton, NJ, USA.
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Preconceptual Priming Overrides Susceptibility to Escherichia coli Systemic Infection during Pregnancy. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.00002-21. [PMID: 33622714 PMCID: PMC8545081 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00002-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. Escherichia coli is a primary cause of bacteremia in women and occurs more frequently during pregnancy. Several key outstanding questions remain regarding how to identify women at highest infection risk and how to boost immunity against E. coli infection during pregnancy. Here, we show that pregnancy-induced susceptibility to E. coli systemic infection extends to rodents as a model of human infection. Mice infected during pregnancy contain >100-fold-more recoverable bacteria in target tissues than nonpregnant controls. Infection leads to near complete fetal wastage that parallels placental plus congenital fetal invasion. Susceptibility in maternal tissues positively correlates with the number of concepti, suggesting important contributions by expanded placental-fetal target tissue. Remarkably, these pregnancy-induced susceptibility phenotypes are also efficiently overturned in mice with resolved sublethal infection prior to pregnancy. Preconceptual infection primes the accumulation of E. coli-specific IgG and IgM antibodies, and adoptive transfer of serum containing these antibodies to naive recipient mice protects against fetal wastage. Together, these results suggest that the lack of E. coli immunity may help discriminate individuals at risk during pregnancy, and that overriding susceptibility to E. coli prenatal infection by preconceptual priming is a potential strategy for boosting immunity in this physiological window of vulnerability.IMPORTANCE Pregnancy makes women especially vulnerable to infection. The most common cause of bloodstream infection during pregnancy is by a bacterium called Escherichia coli This bacterium is a very common cause of bloodstream infection, not just during pregnancy but in all individuals, from newborn babies to the elderly, probably because it is always present in our intestine and can intermittently invade through this mucosal barrier. We first show that pregnancy in animals also makes them more susceptible to E. coli bloodstream infection. This is important because many of the dominant factors likely to control differences in human infection susceptibility can be property controlled for only in animals. Despite this vulnerability induced by pregnancy, we also show that animals with resolved E. coli infection are protected against reinfection during pregnancy, including having resistance to most infection-induced pregnancy complications. Protection against reinfection is mediated by antibodies that can be measured in the blood. This information may help to explain why most women do not develop E. coli infection during pregnancy, enabling new approaches for identifying those at especially high risk of infection and strategies for preventing infection during pregnancy.
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Lu B, Yang J, Gao C, Li D, Cui Y, Huang L, Chen X, Wang D, Wang A, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Jiao M, Xu H, Song Y, Fu B, Xu L, Yang Q, Ning Y, Wang L, Bao C, Luo G, Wu H, Yang T, Li C, Tang M, Wang J, Guo W, Zeng J, Zhong W. Listeriosis Cases and Genetic Diversity of Their L. monocytogenes Isolates in China, 2008-2019. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:608352. [PMID: 33680989 PMCID: PMC7933659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.608352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a severe food-borne infection. The nationwide surveillance in China concerning listeriosis is urgently needed. In the present study, 144 L. monocytogenes isolates were collected from the samples of blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and fetal membrane/placenta in China for 12 years from 2008 to 2019. We summarized these listeriosis patients’ demographical and clinical features and outcomes. The susceptibility profile for 12 antibiotics was also determined by the broth microdilution method. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and serogroups of these listeria isolates were analyzed to designate epidemiological types. We enrolled 144 cases from 29 healthcare centers, including 96 maternal-neonatal infections, 33 cases of bacteremia, 13 cases of neurolisteriosis, and two cutaneous listeriosis. There were 31 (59.6%) fetal loss in 52 pregnant women and four (9.8%) neonatal death in 41 newborns. Among the 48 nonmaternal-neonatal cases, 12.5% (6/48) died, 41.7% (20/48) were female, and 64.6% (31/48) occurred in those with significant comorbidities. By MLST, the strains were distinguished into 23 individual sequence types (STs). The most prevalent ST was ST87 (49 isolates, 34.0%), followed by ST1 (18, 12.5%), ST8 (10, 6.9%), ST619 (9, 6.3%), ST7 (7, 4.9%) and ST3 (7, 4.9%). Furthermore, all L. monocytogenes isolates were uniformly susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, and meropenem. In summary, our study highlights a high genotypic diversity of L. monocytogenes strains causing clinical listeriosis in China. Furthermore, a high prevalence of ST87 and ST1 in the listeriosis should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghuai Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Duochun Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingyuan Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tongzhou District Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Baoqing Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhong Ning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chui Yang Liu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bao
- Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guolan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Tongshu Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harrbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Liuyang City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Liuyang, China
| | - Manjuan Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Wenchen Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Pu Ai Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningde Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Ningde, China
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Abstract
Listeriosis is a rare and severe foodborne infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It manifests as septicemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal-fetal infection. In pregnancy, it may cause maternal fever, premature delivery, fetal loss, neonatal systemic and central nervous system infections. Maternal listeriosis is mostly reported during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, as sporadic cases or in the context of outbreaks. Strains belonging to clonal complexes 1, 4 and 6, referred to as hypervirulent, are the most associated to maternal-neonatal infections. Here we review the clinical, pathophysiological, and microbiological features of maternal-neonatal listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Charlier
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Listeria, Paris, France.,Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Listeria, Paris, France.,Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Institut Imagine, APHP, Paris, France
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42
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Clinical and molecular epidemiology of human listeriosis in Taiwan. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 104:718-724. [PMID: 33515776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine serogroups, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Listeria monocytogenes isolates and analyze clinical characteristics of these clones focusing on non-perinatal cases. METHODS From 2000 to 2015, we analyzed 123 human listeriosis cases at a medical center in northern Taiwan using PCR serogrouping, MLST, and clinical presentations. RESULTS The annual incidence of listeriosis increased since 2005 with a peak in 2008 (0.2 per 1000 admission) and decreased thereafter. Of the 115 non-perinatal listeriosis cases, we found a male predominance (60%) with an average age of 63.9 years old (standard deviation: 15.3 years), and almost all patients had underlying conditions including malignancies (61.7%), steroid usage (39.1%), diabetes mellitus (31.3%), renal insufficiency (27.8%), and liver cirrhosis (17.4%). Clinical presentations included bacteremia (74.8%), neurolisteriosis (20.0%), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (5.2%). The most frequently identified serogroup-sequence types (ST) were IIB-ST87 (30.9%), followed by IIA-ST378 (16.3%) and IIA-ST155 (14.6%). The 30-day all-cause mortality of non-perinatal listeriosis was 25.2% and was associated with age (Hazard ratio: 1.04, 95% C.I. = 1.01-1.07, p = 0.021), steroid usage (Hazard ratio: 2.54, 95% C.I. = 1.06-6.11, p = 0.038) and respiratory distress at presentation (Hazard ratio: 2.59, 95% C.I. = 1.05-6.39, p = 0.038); while no association was found with serogroups (IIA, IIB, and IVB) or three major ST types by multivariable analysis. All 8 mothers of perinatal listeriosis patients survived and three neonates died (mortality, 37.5%), and IIB-ST87 was the major type (62.5%). CONCLUSION Predominant strains in Taiwan could cause significant morbidity and mortality. Further disease monitoring and source surveillance are warranted despite a declining trend of human listeriosis in Taiwan.
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Densathaporn T, Sangthong R, Sakolnapa M, Surasombatpattana S, Kemapunmanus M, Masrinoul P, Yoksan S, McNeil EB, Chongsuvivatwong V. Survey on neutralizing antibodies against Zika virus eighteen months post-outbreak in two southern Thailand communities. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:921. [PMID: 33272192 PMCID: PMC7711253 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2016 and 2017, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection outbreaks occurred in two communities in southern Thailand. This re-immerging infection can widely spread by mosquito bites and cause serious complications in a central nervous system among children born to infected mothers. Thus, they should be protected. This study aims to (1) To determine the prevalence of neutralizing ZIKV antibodies in the post-outbreak areas among the general population and pregnancy women residing at various distances from the houses of the nearest index patients; (2) To examine the cross-neutralizing capacity of antibodies against ZIKV on other flaviviruses commonly found in the study areas; (3) To identify factors associated with the presence of neutralizing ZIKV antibodies. Methods The two post-outbreak communities were visited at 18 months after the outbreaks. We enrolled (1) 18 confirmed ZIKV infected (index) cases, (2) sample of 554 neighbors in the outbreak areas who lived at various distances from the index patients’ houses, (3) 190 residents of non-outbreak areas, and (4) all pregnant women regardless of gestational age residing in the study areas (n = 805). All serum specimens underwent the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Ten randomly selected ZIKV seropositive and ten randomly selected seronegative specimens were tested for dengue virus serotypes 1–4 (DENV1–4) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) antibodies using PRNT90. Serum titer above 1:10 was considered positive. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with seropositivity. Results Out of all 18 index cases, 9 remained seropositive. The seroprevalence (95% CI) in the two outbreak areas were 43.7% (35.9–51.6%) and 29.7% (23.3–36.0%) in general population, and 24.3% (20.1–28.8%) and 12.8% (9.7–16.5%) in pregnant women. Multivariate analysis showed that seropositivity was independent of the distance gradient from the index’s houses. However, being elderly was associated with seropositivity. DENV1–4 and JEV neutralizing antibodies were present in most ZIKV-positive and negative subsamples. Conclusion Protective herd immunity for ZIKV infection is inadequate, especially among pregnant women in the two post-outbreak areas in southern Thailand. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-020-05654-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theerut Densathaporn
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Rassamee Sangthong
- Immunology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Monvaris Sakolnapa
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Smonrapat Surasombatpattana
- Immunology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Marisa Kemapunmanus
- Immunology and Virology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Promsin Masrinoul
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sutee Yoksan
- Center for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Edward B McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Thailand
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Njage PMK, Leekitcharoenphon P, Hansen LT, Hendriksen RS, Faes C, Aerts M, Hald T. Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Based on Whole Genome Sequencing Data: Case of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111772. [PMID: 33187247 PMCID: PMC7698238 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies (WGS) data remain an increasingly discussed but vastly unexplored resource in the public health domain of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA). This is due to challenges including high dimensionality of WGS data and heterogeneity of microbial growth phenotype data. This study provides an innovative approach for modeling the impact of population heterogeneity in microbial phenotypic stress response and integrates this into predictive models inputting a high-dimensional WGS data for increased precision exposure assessment using an example of Listeria monocytogenes. Finite mixture models were used to distinguish the number of sub-populations for each of the stress phenotypes, acid, cold, salt and desiccation. Machine learning predictive models were selected from six algorithms by inputting WGS data to predict the sub-population membership of new strains with unknown stress response data. An example QMRA was conducted for cultured milk products using the strains of unknown stress phenotype to illustrate the significance of the findings of this study. Increased resistance to stress conditions leads to increased growth, the likelihood of higher exposure and probability of illness. Neglecting within-species genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in microbial stress response may over or underestimate microbial exposure and eventual risk during QMRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Murigu Kamau Njage
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Division for Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (P.L.); (R.S.H.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35-88-75-31
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Division for Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (P.L.); (R.S.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Lisbeth Truelstrup Hansen
- Research Group for Microbiology and Hygiene, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Division for Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (P.L.); (R.S.H.); (T.H.)
| | - Christel Faes
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (C.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Marc Aerts
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (C.F.); (M.A.)
| | - Tine Hald
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Division for Global Surveillance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; (P.L.); (R.S.H.); (T.H.)
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45
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Georgalis L, Garre A, Fernandez Escamez PS. Training in tools to develop Quantitative Risk Assessment using Spanish ready-to-eat food examples. EFSA J 2020; 18:e181103. [PMID: 33294042 PMCID: PMC7691611 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.e181103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsafe food poses global health threats, potentially endangering consumers. The great majority of people will experience a food-borne disease at some point in their lives. Ready-to-eat (RTE) food is the one intended by the producer or the manufacturer for direct human consumption without the need for cooking or other processing effective to eliminate or reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms. Prepared foods are often complex and may contain multiple components that make them vulnerable for growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Among all the pathogenic microorganisms that may be present in RTE foods, Listeria monocytogenes is of special interest because it is the causative agent of listeriosis and it has the ability to survive and replicate at refrigeration and low pH conditions. We performed a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) in RTE dry-fermented sausage to measure the risk of listeriosis associated to the consumption of this product. The starting point of our investigation was the storage at the factory, after the end-product was produced and before distribution to retail. The stochastic model was implemented in MicroHibro, an online tool for QMRA. Because L. monocytogenes concentration and prevalence can vary greatly between different studies and different types of fermented sausages, we tested different scenarios to show the importance of low prevalence and concentration of the pathogen at the final product. Our results show that the risk estimates are very sensitive to the modelling hypotheses used to describe this process. Therefore, the development of accurate probabilistic models describing the initial concentration of L. monocytogenes shall largely reduce the uncertainty associated to the QMRA of listeriosis in this type of product.
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46
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Abu-Raya B, Michalski C, Sadarangani M, Lavoie PM. Maternal Immunological Adaptation During Normal Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575197. [PMID: 33133091 PMCID: PMC7579415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk and severity of specific infections are increased during pregnancy due to a combination of physiological and immunological changes. Characterizing the maternal immune system during pregnancy is important to understand how the maternal immune system maintains tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. This may also inform strategies to prevent maternal fatalities due to infections and optimize maternal vaccination to best protect the mother-fetus dyad and the infant after birth. In this review, we describe what is known about the immunological changes that occur during a normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Abu-Raya
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Michalski
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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47
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Pereira MEVDC, Gonzalez DE, Roberto FB, Foresto RD, Kirsztajn GM, Durão MDS. Listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in a patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:375-379. [PMID: 32406475 PMCID: PMC7657045 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infectious complications are common in systemic lupus erythematosus. Although uncommon, central nervous system infections do occur and have significant lethality, with several etiological agents. METHODS We report on the case of a 29-year-old woman recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus with hematological, cutaneous, serous and renal manifestations (class IV lupus nephritis), who underwent corticosteroid pulse therapy and mycophenolate induction therapy. After 3 months of evolution, she developed headache and altered mental status. Computed tomography showed an area of hypoattenuation in the left frontal white matter and her cerebrospinal fluid examination showed pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrhachia. Peripheral blood and CSF culture identified Listeria monocytogenes. The patient presented deterioration of her neurological status, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, monitoring of intracranial pressure and, despite all the intensive support, persisted in a comatose state and developed multiple organ failure, evolving to death due to nosocomial bloodstream infection. DISCUSSION Infection from L. monocytogenes usually occurs after eating contaminated food, manifesting itself with diarrhea and, occasionally, invasively, such as neurolisteriosis. Further investigation with CSF analysis and MRI is necessary, and the diagnosis consists of isolating the bacteria in sterile body fluid. CONCLUSION The case presents a patient whose diagnosis of meningoencephalitis became an important differential with neuropsychiatric disorder. The poor outcome reinforces the need to remember this infectious condition as a serious complication in the natural history of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ennes Gonzalez
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Badiani Roberto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renato Demarchi Foresto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Marcelino de Souza Durão
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, Disciplina de Nefrologia, São Paulo, Brasil
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Wambogo EA, Vaudin AM, Moshfegh AJ, Spungen JH, Doren JMVAN, Sahyoun NR. Toward a Better Understanding of Listeriosis Risk among Older Adults in the United States: Characterizing Dietary Patterns and the Sociodemographic and Economic Attributes of Consumers with These Patterns. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1208-1217. [PMID: 32221521 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Older adults are at higher risk of invasive listeriosis compared with the general population. Some foods are more likely than others to be contaminated with or to contain high levels of Listeria monocytogenes. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine dietary consumption patterns among older adults in the United States; (ii) evaluate sociodemographic and economic characteristics of older adults associated with each pattern; (iii) determine intake of foods associated with larger relative risk of listeriosis within these patterns; and (iv) rank these patterns based on risk. Data related to older adults (age 60 and older) participating in the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, and 2013 to 2014 (n = 4,967) were included in these analyses. Cluster analysis was used to define dietary patterns based on 24-h dietary recalls from day 1 and day 2. Mean intake of foods associated with higher risk of listeriosis was examined within each pattern, and analysis of variance with Dunnett's method of adjustment was used to evaluate significant differences in mean intake of foods. Patterns were ranked based on relative risk of listeriosis, using outbreak illness attribution data. Five distinct dietary patterns were identified. Patterns ranked at highest relative risk of listeriosis, based on U.S. outbreak illness attribution data, were characterized by relatively higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, and cheeses (∼13% respondents) or cereal, milk, and yogurt (∼14% respondents). Individuals consuming these dietary patterns differed in sex, race, food security, self-rated diet quality, and self-rated health. Cluster analysis, despite methodological limitations, provides new information on consumption, sociodemographic, and economic characteristics of subgroups within susceptible populations, which may be used to target educational messages. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina A Wambogo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, 0102 Skinner Building, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-3452 [N.R.S.])
| | - Anna M Vaudin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, 0102 Skinner Building, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-3452 [N.R.S.])
| | - Alanna J Moshfegh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Food Surveys Research Group, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Building 005, Room 102, BARC-West, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
| | - Judith H Spungen
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis, Office of Analytics and Outreach, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Jane M VAN Doren
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis, Office of Analytics and Outreach, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Nadine R Sahyoun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, 0102 Skinner Building, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-3452 [N.R.S.])
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49
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Zou M, Yang J, Wiechers C, Huehn J. Acute neonatal Listeria monocytogenes infection causes long-term, organ-specific changes in immune cell subset composition. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2020; 10:98-106. [PMID: 32644940 PMCID: PMC7391377 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food-borne pathogen with a high chance of infecting neonates, pregnant women, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Lm infection in neonates can cause neonatal meningitis and sepsis with a high risk of severe neurological and developmental sequelae and high mortality rates. However, whether an acute neonatal Lm infection causes long-term effects on the immune system persisting until adulthood has not been fully elucidated. Here, we established a neonatal Lm infection model and monitored the composition of major immune cell subsets at defined time points post infection (p.i.) in secondary lymphoid organs and the intestine. Twelve weeks p.i., the CD8+ T cell population was decreased in colon and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) with an opposing increase in the spleen. In the colon, we observed an accumulation of CD4+ and CD8+ effector/memory T cells with an increase of T-bet+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells. In addition, 12 weeks p.i. an altered composition of innate lymphoid cell (ILC) and dendritic cell (DC) subsets was still observed in colon and mLNs, respectively. Together, these findings highlight organ-specific long-term consequences of an acute neonatal Lm infection on both the adaptive and innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangge Zou
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juhao Yang
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Wiechers
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- 1Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,2Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Aspectos actuales de la listeriosis. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:453-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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