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Chapp AD, Schum S, Behnke JE, Hahka T, Huber MJ, Jiang E, Larson RA, Shan Z, Chen QH. Measurement of cations, anions, and acetate in serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue by ion chromatography. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13666. [PMID: 29654634 PMCID: PMC5899179 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of cations and anions remains a major diagnostic tool in understanding diseased states. The current technologies used for these analyses are either unable to quantify all ions due to sample size/volume, instrument setup/method, or are only able to measure ion concentrations from one physiological sample (liquid or solid). Herein, we adapted a common analytical chemistry technique, ion chromatography and applied it to measure the concentration of cations; sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and anions; chloride, and acetate (Cl−, −OAc) from physiological samples. Specifically, cations and anions were measured in liquid samples: serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as tissue samples: liver, cortex, hypothalamus, and amygdala. Serum concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and −OAc (mmol/L): 138.8 ± 4.56, 4.05 ± 0.21, 4.07 ± 0.26, 0.98 ± 0.05, 97.7 ± 3.42, and 0.23 ± 0.04, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and −OAc (mmol/L): 145.1 ± 2.81, 2.41 ± 0.26, 2.18 ± 0.38, 1.04 ± 0.11, 120.2 ± 3.75, 0.21 ± 0.05, respectively. Tissue Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and −OAc were also measured. Validation of the ion chromatography method was established by comparing chloride concentration between ion chromatography with a known method using an ion selective chloride electrode. These results indicate that ion chromatography is a suitable method for the measurement of cations and anions, including acetate from various physiological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chapp
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Simeon Schum
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Jessica E Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Taija Hahka
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Michael J Huber
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Robert A Larson
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan
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Smutok O, Karkovska M, Prokopiv T, Kavetskyy T, Sibirnyj W, Gonchar M. D-lactate-selective amperometric biosensor based on the mitochondrial fraction of Ogataea polymorpha recombinant cells. Yeast 2018; 36:341-348. [PMID: 30523645 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the recent decades, a lot of data about the significance of D-lactate determination in food technology and quality control have been accumulated. Nowadays, the development of new methods for the determination of D-lactate is very relevant, especially with regard to biosensors. To construct a D-lactate-selective biosensor, we suggest using the mitochondria of recombinant yeast cells of Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha "tr6" (gcr1 catX/Δcyb2, prAOX_DLDH) overproducing D-lactate: cytochrome c-oxidoreductase (DLDH, EC 1.1.2.4) and lacking an L-lactate-specific enzyme (flavocytochrome b2 , E.C. 1.1.2.3). The usage of the pure enzyme is problematic due to the complexity of its isolation and stabilization because of the intramembranous localization of DLDH. The enzyme catalyzes D-lactate oxidation to pyruvate coupled with ferricytochrome c reduction to ferrocytochrome c. The constructed biosensor is characterized by high sensitivity (18.5 А·М-1 ·m-2 ), a low detection limit (3 μM of D-lactate), wide linear ranges, good selectivity, and sufficient stability. The real samples' analysis of D-lactate in dairy products was performed, and high correlation of the obtained results with the reference approach (0.7 < r < 1) and literature data was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Smutok
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Maria Karkovska
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Prokopiv
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, and Department of Physics of Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine.,The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wladimir Sibirnyj
- Department of Bioenergy Technologies, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Department of Analytical Biotechnology, Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine
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3
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Eugene AJ, Guzman MI. Reply to “Comment on ‘Reactivity of Ketyl and Acetyl Radicals from Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid’”. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8741-8744. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Eugene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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4
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Adsorption Behaviour of Lactic Acid on Granular Activated Carbon and Anionic Resins: Thermodynamics, Isotherms and Kinetic Studies. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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L-Lactate-selective microbial sensor based on flavocytochrome b2-enriched yeast cells using recombinant and nanotechnology approaches. Talanta 2015; 144:1195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Regueiro J, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Simal-Gándara J, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós R. Development of a LC-ESI-MS/MS approach for the rapid quantification of main wine organic acids in human urine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6763-8. [PMID: 23777193 DOI: 10.1021/jf401839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of food components and their metabolome in urine has recently found a growing interest due their potential ability to reflect specific dietary intakes. In the present work, a fast, simple, and environmentally friendly method based on liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of main wine organic acids in human urine. The proposed method was evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, and limits of detection. Quantitative recovery (96-102%) and satisfactory interday precision (RSD <6%) were achieved for all target compounds. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, urine samples from five male volunteers were analyzed before and after consumption of a single moderate dose (200 mL) of red wine. A significant increase (p < 0.01) in the urinary concentration of tartaric and malic acids was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Regueiro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo , Ourense 32004, Spain
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Kim D, Chen JKC, Yen TF. Naval derusting wastewater containing high concentration of iron, treated in UV photo-Fenton-like oxidation. J Environ Sci (China) 2010; 22:991-997. [PMID: 21174988 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The UV photooxidation with Fe(III) and H2O2 was employed to treat a naval derusting wastewater, which contains the high COD (chemical oxygen demand) and various metal concentrations exceptionally with high concentrations of citric acid and iron. Because of its iron containment, the Fenton-like reaction automatically took place with the added amount of H2O2. The decomposition rate was found in a sequence of: UV/H2O2/Fe(III) > UV/H2O2 > Fe(II)/H2O2. Two H2O2 injection methods, single and multiple points, were evaluated. The multiple-point H202 injection was more efficient to decompose the citric acid. The decomposition of the synthetic citric acid and the real derusting citric acid wastewater was also compared. The 93% COD reduction of the derusting wastewater was achieved using the UV/H2O2/Fe(III) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeik Kim
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, KAP 210, 3620 South Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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8
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Wadman SK, Duran M, Kamerling JP. Organic acidurias: approach, results and clinical relevance. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2008; 87:324-39. [PMID: 6918293 DOI: 10.1002/9780470720691.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
More than twenty-five inherited organic acidurias have been identified during the last fifteen years. This remarkable development is due mainly to the introduction of gas chromatography, and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, in paediatric laboratories for metabolic disease. The chemical approach is determined mainly by physical properties of the acid, such as their extractability and volatility. Most progress has been made with extractable acids. The techniques used for derivatization are mentioned, such as trimethylsilylation, methylation and the preparation of asymmetric derivatives for the separation of optical enantiomers. Metabolite patterns may be so characteristic that the underlying enzyme defect can be deduced. Examples are the leucine degradation defects, all encountered in the authors' laboratory: branched-chain ketoaciduria; isovaleric acidaemia; 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria; 3-methylglutaconic aciduria; and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria. These abnormalities are discussed. D-glyceric aciduria is shown as an example of a not yet fully understood organic aciduria. The clinical approach varies. Metabolic acidosis is an indication for organic acid analysis in urine and plasma, but in many defects there is no acidosis, or only a transient one caused by secondary metabolites, such as lactic and 3-hydroxybutyric acids. Gas chromatography is an obligatory routine investigation in screening programmes for inborn errors of metabolism, especially for the examination of acutely ill neonates and premature babies.
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9
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Štulík K, Pacáková V, Fleet B. Electrochemical Detection in Hight-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10408348408542774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Luo Y, Chen G. Combined approach of NMR and chemometrics for screening peptones used in the cell culture medium for the production of a recombinant therapeutic protein. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 97:1654-9. [PMID: 17274067 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Soy peptones or soy hydrolysates are widely used as key medium additives in serum-free cell culture processes for industrial production of therapeutic recombinant proteins. The heterogeneous nature of these vegetable-derived materials can lead to substantial lot- to-lot variability in cell culture processes. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics in rapid screening peptone lots in order to optimize efficiency and consistency of large-scale protein production. This report is the first that shows a correlation between the intrinsic NMR spectral characteristics of complex heterogeneous materials and product titer using chemometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- Department of Global Cellular and Analytical Resources, Amgen, Inc., one Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA.
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11
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Wilson TD. HPLC Determination of Lactic Acid in Milrinone Injection and Oral Solution Using Ion-Exchange Sample Preparation Methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918508074083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Hajós P, Nagy L. Retention behaviours and separation of carboxylic acids by ion-exchange chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1998; 717:27-38. [PMID: 9832238 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of high-performance suppressed ion chromatography for the separation of aliphatic carboxylic acids has become an attractive and viable method during the past years. This paper summarises and critically concludes that some new results have been achieved in separation and detection of low-molecular-mass organic anions. Theoretical and practical considerations of ion-exchange selectivity to control retention behaviour are presented. The major factors that determine the separation ability of ion-exchange chromatography (pKa values, the aliphatic nature and valency of solutes, eluent pH and the chemical composition of stationary phases) are discussed. The question of isocratic vs. gradient elution and different separation modes are examined briefly. The potentials and limitations of the developed methods and their specific application areas are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hajós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Veszprém, Hungary
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13
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Singh RP, Smesko SA, Abbas NM. Ion chromatographic characterization of toxic solutions: analysis and ion chemistry of biological liquids. J Chromatogr A 1997; 774:21-35. [PMID: 9253185 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The literature on the analysis of biological fluids by ion chromatography is reviewed herein. It has been demonstrated that ion chromatography is the method of choice for the determination of anions such as chloride, nitrite, bromide, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, thiocyanate, thiosulfate, citrate, isocitrate, carbonate, and similar species. Cations such as sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in various biological solutions have also been successfully identified and quantified. The technique fulfils several requirements of a reliable microanalytical method by providing sufficient speed, automation, case of use, and accuracy. For many types of analyses, very little or even no sample preparation is required. Because of this, as presented in this review, ion chromatography is widely used not only to obtain reliable clinical data, but also to study ion chemistry. It has been an invaluable tool in nephrolithiasis and dental research. This review should provide a useful reference for analysts and researchers involved in clinical studies. The review is presented in four sections: (1) introduction, (2) methods of analysis, (3) ion chemistry and (4) critical comments and concluding remarks. Section 1, as usual, deals with the general introduction of the subject and objectives. Section 2 includes the review of the literature on ion chromatography (IC) methods developed for routine analysis of various analytes present in biological fluids. Section 3 deals with the applications of IC used in the understanding of ion chemistry of biological fluids. Specifically, it deals with the physical chemistry aspects related to nephrolithiasis and dental research, such as speciation, driving force for crystals formation and crystallization, and pathophysiology. Section 4 contains critical comments and concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Chemical Development Department, Osram Sylvania Inc., Towanda, PA 18848-0504, USA
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14
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Révész G, Hajós P, Csiszár H. Mixed-mode liquid chromatography of carboxylic acids and inorganic anions on a latex-based pellicular stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00644-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Chen P, Nie LH, Yao SZ. Determination of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by ion-exclusion chromatography with a bulk acoustic wave detector. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS 1995; 673:153-8. [PMID: 8611947 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(95)00266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic method base don a combination of ion-exclusion chromatography separation and bulk acoustic wave series piezoelectric quartz crystal detector quantification for the determination of pyruvic acid and lactic acid in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was developed. The separation was carried out using a Shim-pak SCR-102H ion-exclusion column with phosphoric acid solution as eluent. The method shows an acceptable detection limit and anti-interference ability. Serum and CSF from healthy individuals and patient were analysed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chen
- New Materials Research Institute, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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16
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Kaine LA, Crowe JB, Wolnik KA. Forensic applications of coupling non-suppressed ion-exchange chromatography with ion-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Han NM, Xiao XR, Zhang LS, Ri XQ, Zhang JZ, Tong YH, Yang MR, Xiao ZR. Bacteriological study of juvenile periodontitis in China. J Periodontal Res 1991; 26:409-14. [PMID: 1832453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The predominant cultivable bacteria associated with juvenile periodontitis (JP) in China were studied for the first time. Subgingival plaque samples were taken on paper points from 23 diseased sites in 15 JP patients and from 7 healthy sites in 7 control subjects. Serially diluted plaque samples were plated on nonselective blood agar and on MGB agar, a selective medium for the isolation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Fifteen or more isolated colonies from each sample (in sequence without selection) were purified for identification. The results indicated that the microflora in healthy sulci of the 7 control subjects was significantly different from that in diseased sites of JP patients. The predominant species in healthy sulci were Streptococcus spp. and Capnocytophaga gingivalis. In JP patients, Eubacterium sp. was found in significantly higher frequency and proportion. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any samples. It appears that this species is not associated with juvenile periodontitis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Han
- Department of Periodontology, College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Sciences, Chengdu
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18
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Bruening ML, Mitchell DM, Izatt RM, Bruening RL. A Novel, Highly Selective Anion-Exchange Column Prepared by Binding Pd 2+to an Immobilized Ligand. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399108050495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Chapter 7 Ion-Exclusion Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)61139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Hallström A, Carlsson A, Hillered L, Ungerstedt U. Simultaneous determination of lactate, pyruvate, and ascorbate in microdialysis samples from rat brain, blood, fat, and muscle using high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS 1989; 22:113-24. [PMID: 2811388 DOI: 10.1016/0160-5402(89)90040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of lactate, pyruvate, and ascorbate in tissue and blood, sampled in vivo using the microdialysis technique. The compounds were separated on a silica-based, reversed-phase column or on a resin-based, cation exchange column. The acids were monitored by ultraviolet detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hallström
- Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Carnegie Medicin AB, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Studies on sample preconcentration in ion chromatography VIII. Preconcentration of carboxylic acids prior to ion-exclusion separation. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(88)90014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Wilson TD, Forde MD, Crain AV. Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of glutaric acid, phenylephrine, and benzyl alcohol in a prototype nasal spray with application to di- and tricarboxylic acids. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74:312-5. [PMID: 2989484 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600740318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of glutaric acid, phenylephrine, and benzyl alcohol in nasal spray has been developed. UV detection was utilized at 210 nm for the assay of glutaric acid and phenylephrine with an adjustment to 254 nm for the measurement of benzyl alcohol. Linearity and recovery data were obtained for each component in spiked placebo studies. An investigation of the retention mechanisms of the three components showed that phenylephrine was retained by ion-pairing with octanesulfonate anion while glutaric acid and benzyl alcohol partitioned as a suppressed ion and a neutral molecule, respectively. The method has been further extended to the reversed-phase separation of di- and tricarboxylic acids using a totally aqueous 0.0074 M phosphoric acid mobile phase. The retention of these acids was related to their octanol-water partition coefficients and structural variation.
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