1
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Experimental acute arsenic toxicity in Balb/c mice: organic markers and splenic involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 41:99-110. [PMID: 33761193 PMCID: PMC8055596 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Arsenic is an environmental toxic present worldwide. In men and animals, various organs and tissues are targets of its deleterious effects including those of the immune system.
Objective: To determine acute arsenic toxicity in tissues and target cells of Balb/c mice using an in vivo methodology.
Materials and methods: We injected Balb/c mice intraperitoneally with 9.5 or 19 mg/kg of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), or an equivalent volume of physiological solution as a control (with 3 per experimental group). After 30 minutes, the animals were sacrificed to obtain spleen, thymus, liver, kidneys, and blood. We determined arsenic, polyphenols, and iron concentrations in each sample and we evaluated the oxidative markers (peroxides, advanced products of protein oxidation, and free sulfhydryl groups). In splenocytes from the spleen, cell viability and mitochondrial potential were also determined.
Results: The exposure to an acute dose of NaAsO2 reduced the mitochondrial function of splenocytes, which resulted in cell death. Simultaneously, the confirmed presence of arsenic in spleen samples and the resulting cytotoxicity occurred with a decrease in polyphenols, free sulfhydryl groups, and an alteration in the content and distribution of iron, but did not increase the production of peroxides.
Conclusion: These findings provide scientific evidence about changes occurring in biomarkers involved in the immunotoxicity of arsenic and offer a methodology for testing possible treatments against the deleterious action of this compound on the immune system.
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2
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Abbasi U, Abbina S, Gill A, Bhagat V, Kizhakkedathu JN. A facile colorimetric method for the quantification of labile iron pool and total iron in cells and tissue specimens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6008. [PMID: 33727584 PMCID: PMC7971025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantification of iron is an important step to assess the iron burden in patients suffering from iron overload diseases, as well as tremendous value in understanding the underlying role of iron in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Current iron determination of total or labile iron, requires extensive sample handling and specialized instruments, whilst being time consuming and laborious. Moreover, there is minimal to no overlap between total iron and labile iron quantification methodologies-i.e. requiring entirely separate protocols, techniques and instruments. Herein, we report a unified-ferene (u-ferene) assay that enables a 2-in-1 quantification of both labile and total iron from the same preparation of a biological specimen. We demonstrate that labile iron concentrations determined from the u-ferene assay is in agreement with confocal laser scanning microscopy techniques employed within the literature. Further, this assay offers the same sensitivity as the current gold standard, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), for total iron measurements. The new u-ferene assay will have tremendous value for the wider scientific community as it offers an economic and readily accessible method for convenient 2-in-1 measurement of total and labile iron from biological samples, whilst maintaining the precision and sensitivity, as compared to ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Abbasi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arshdeep Gill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vriti Bhagat
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N Kizhakkedathu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,The School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Alboaklah HKM, Leake DS. Effect of vitamin E on low density lipoprotein oxidation at lysosomal pH. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:574-584. [PMID: 32938237 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1817912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cholesterol-laden foam cells in atherosclerotic lesions are macrophages and much of their cholesterol is present in their lysosomes and derived from low density lipoprotein (LDL). LDL oxidation has been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have shown previously that LDL can be oxidised in the lysosomes of macrophages. α-Tocopherol has been shown to inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro, but did not protect against cardiovascular disease in large clinical trials. We have therefore investigated the effect of α-tocopherol on LDL oxidation at lysosomal pH (about pH 4.5). LDL was enriched with α-tocopherol by incubating human plasma with α-tocopherol followed by LDL isolation by ultracentrifugation. The α-tocopherol content of LDL was increased from 14.4 ± 0.2 to 24.3 ± 0.3 nmol/mg protein. LDL oxidation was assessed by measuring the formation of conjugated dienes at 234 nm and oxidised lipids (cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxide and 7-ketocholesterol) by HPLC. As expected, LDL enriched with α-tocopherol was oxidised more slowly than control LDL by Cu2+ at pH 7.4, but was not protected against oxidation by Cu2+ or Fe3+ or a low concentration of Fe2+ at pH 4.5 (it was sometimes oxidised faster by α-tocopherol with Cu2+ or Fe3+ at pH 4.5). α-Tocopherol-enriched LDL reduced Cu2+ and Fe3+ into the more pro-oxidant Cu+ and Fe2+ faster than did control LDL at pH 4.5. These findings might help to explain why the large clinical trials of α-tocopherol did not protect against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel K M Alboaklah
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Pharmacy College, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - David S Leake
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Hopkins Building, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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4
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Mishra PK, Adameova A, Hill JA, Baines CP, Kang PM, Downey JM, Narula J, Takahashi M, Abbate A, Piristine HC, Kar S, Su S, Higa JK, Kawasaki NK, Matsui T. Guidelines for evaluating myocardial cell death. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H891-H922. [PMID: 31418596 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00259.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental process in cardiac pathologies. Recent studies have revealed multiple forms of cell death, and several of them have been demonstrated to underlie adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. With the expansion in the area of myocardial cell death and increasing concerns over rigor and reproducibility, it is important and timely to set a guideline for the best practices of evaluating myocardial cell death. There are six major forms of regulated cell death observed in cardiac pathologies, namely apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondrial-mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagic cell death. In this article, we describe the best methods to identify, measure, and evaluate these modes of myocardial cell death. In addition, we discuss the limitations of currently practiced myocardial cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University of Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center of Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Hande C Piristine
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sumit Kar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shi Su
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason K Higa
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Nicholas K Kawasaki
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Takashi Matsui
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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5
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Ahmad F, Leake DS. Antioxidants inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation less at lysosomal pH: A possible explanation as to why the clinical trials of antioxidants might have failed. Chem Phys Lipids 2018. [PMID: 29518380 PMCID: PMC5989656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidised low density lipoprotein (LDL) was considered to be important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the large clinical trials of antioxidants, including the first one using probucol (the PQRST Trial), failed to show benefit and have cast doubt on the importance of oxidised LDL. We have shown previously that LDL oxidation can be catalysed by iron in the lysosomes of macrophages. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of antioxidants in preventing LDL oxidation at lysosomal pH and also establish the possible mechanism of oxidation. Probucol did not effectively inhibit the oxidation of LDL at lysosomal pH, as measured by conjugated dienes or oxidised cholesteryl esters or tryptophan residues in isolated LDL or by ceroid formation in the lysosomes of macrophage-like cells, in marked contrast to its highly effective inhibition of LDL oxidation at pH 7.4. LDL oxidation at lysosomal pH was inhibited very effectively for long periods by N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, which is more hydrophobic than probucol and has been shown by others to inhibit atherosclerosis in rabbits, and by cysteamine, which is a hydrophilic antioxidant that accumulates in lysosomes. Iron-induced LDL oxidation might be due to the formation of the superoxide radical, which protonates at lysosomal pH to form the much more reactive, hydrophobic hydroperoxyl radical, which can enter LDL and reach its core. Probucol resides mainly in the surface monolayer of LDL and would not effectively scavenge hydroperoxyl radicals in the core of LDL. This might explain why probucol failed to protect against atherosclerosis in various clinical trials. The oxidised LDL hypothesis of atherosclerosis now needs to be re-evaluated using different and more effective antioxidants that protect against the lysosomal oxidation of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Ahmad
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
| | - David S Leake
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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6
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A reliable protocol for colorimetric determination of iron oxide nanoparticle uptake by cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6663-6675. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Hedayati M, Abubaker-Sharif B, Khattab M, Razavi A, Mohammed I, Nejad A, Wabler M, Zhou H, Mihalic J, Gruettner C, DeWeese T, Ivkov R. An optimised spectrophotometric assay for convenient and accurate quantitation of intracellular iron from iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:373-381. [PMID: 28758530 PMCID: PMC5871594 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1354403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development and optimisation of an assay for quantitating iron from iron oxide nanoparticles in biological matrices by using ferene-s, a chromogenic compound. The method is accurate, reliable and can be performed with basic equipment common to many laboratories making it convenient and inexpensive. The assay we have developed is suited for quantitation of iron in cell culture studies with iron oxide nanoparticles, which tend to manifest low levels of iron. The assay was validated with standard reference materials and with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to accurately measure iron concentrations ~1 × 10−6 g in about 1 × 106 cells (~1 × 10−12 g Fe per cell). The assay requires preparation and use of a working solution to which samples can be directly added without further processing. After overnight incubation, the absorbance can be measured with a standard UV/Vis spectrophotometer to provide iron concentration. Alternatively, for expedited processing, samples can be digested with concentrated nitric acid before addition to the working solution. Optimization studies demonstrated significant deviations accompany variable digestion times, highlighting the importance to ensure complete iron ion liberation from the nanoparticle or sample matrix to avoid underestimating iron concentration. When performed correctly, this method yields reliable iron ion concentration measurements to ~2 × 10−6 M (1 × 10−7 g/ml sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hedayati
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Bedri Abubaker-Sharif
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Mohamed Khattab
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Allen Razavi
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Isa Mohammed
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Arsalan Nejad
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Michele Wabler
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Haoming Zhou
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Jana Mihalic
- b Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | | | - Theodore DeWeese
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Robert Ivkov
- a Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA.,e Institute for NanoBioTechnology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,f Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,g Department of Mechanical Engineering , Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
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8
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Talib J, Davies MJ. Exposure of aconitase to smoking-related oxidants results in iron loss and increased iron response protein-1 activity: potential mechanisms for iron accumulation in human arterial cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:305-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Trasviña-Arenas CH, Lopez-Castillo LM, Sanchez-Sandoval E, Brieba LG. Dispensability of the [4Fe-4S] cluster in novel homologues of adenine glycosylase MutY. FEBS J 2016; 283:521-40. [PMID: 26613369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
7,8-Dihydro-8-deoxyguanine (8oG) is one of the most common oxidative lesions in DNA. DNA polymerases misincorporate an adenine across from this lesion. Thus, 8oG is a highly mutagenic lesion responsible for G:C→T:A transversions. MutY is an adenine glycosylase, part of the base excision repair pathway that removes adenines, when mispaired with 8oG or guanine. Its catalytic domain includes a [4Fe-4S] cluster motif coordinated by cysteinyl ligands. When this cluster is absent, MutY activity is depleted and several studies concluded that the [4Fe-4S] cluster motif is an indispensable component for DNA binding, substrate recognition and enzymatic activity. In the present study, we identified 46 MutY homologues that lack the canonical cysteinyl ligands, suggesting an absence of the [4Fe-4S] cluster. A phylogenetic analysis groups these novel MutYs into two different clades. One clade is exclusive of the order Lactobacillales and another clade has a mixed composition of anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria and species from the protozoan genus Entamoeba. Structural modeling and sequence analysis suggests that the loss of the [4Fe-4S] cluster is compensated by a convergent solution in which bulky amino acids substitute the [4Fe-4S] cluster. We functionally characterized MutYs from Lactobacillus brevis and Entamoeba histolytica as representative members from each clade and found that both enzymes are active adenine glycosylases. Furthermore, chimeric glycosylases, in which the [4Fe-4S] cluster of Escherichia coli MutY is replaced by the corresponding amino acids of LbY and EhY, are also active. Our data indicates that the [4Fe-4S] cluster plays a structural role in MutYs and evidences the existence of alternative functional solutions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Trasviña-Arenas
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Laura M Lopez-Castillo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Eugenia Sanchez-Sandoval
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Luis G Brieba
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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10
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Samarina T, Proskurnin M. Rapid assessment of iron in blood plasma and serum by spectrophotometry with cloud-point extraction. F1000Res 2015; 4:623. [PMID: 27239269 PMCID: PMC4863669 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6716.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid photometric assessment of iron in blood plasma and serum by a simple procedure after the extraction of iron(II) complex with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol in the micellar phase of a nonionic surfactant at the cloud point upon heating (pH range is 4.5–6.3) is proposed. The procedure trueness was verified using a standard reference protocol using bathophenanthroline. The advantages of the procedure are higher sensitivity than the reference protocol: the limit of detection is 0.03 μg/mL, the limit of quantitation is 0.1 μg/mL, the determination range is 0.1 – 2.8 μg/mL (RSD 0.02–0.10). Copper does not interfere with the iron assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Samarina
- Chemistry Department, Agilent Technologies Partner Laboratory - Analytical Centre, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Proskurnin
- Chemistry Department, Agilent Technologies Partner Laboratory - Analytical Centre, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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11
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Manci EA, Hyacinth HI, Capers PL, Archer DR, Pitts S, Ghosh S, Patrickson J, Titford ME, Ofori-Acquah SF, Hibbert JM. High protein diet attenuates histopathologic organ damage and vascular leakage in transgenic murine model of sickle cell anemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:966-974. [PMID: 24842894 PMCID: PMC4237702 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214531863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports have shown that a high protein diet improves weight gain and decreases expression of inflammatory markers in weanling Berkeley transgenic sickle cell mice. The effect of this diet on the underlying histopathology, however, has not been studied. Age-matched, male C57BL/6 controls (n = 24), Berkley sickle mice (n = 31) and Townes sickle mice (n = 14) were randomized in a terminal experiment at weaning to isoenergetic diets, with either normal (20%) or high (35%) amount of energy from protein, by replacing dextrin. Tissue sampling for blinded histologic study and scoring of changes at baseline and after 3 months of feedings showed progressive siderosis and infarcts in spleen, kidney, and liver in all sickle groups, and no significant changes in age- and sex-matched normal controls. High-protein (35%) fed Berkeley sickle mice had significantly fewer (p < 0.01) infarcts in spleen (35.7% less), liver (12.5% less), and kidney (28.6% less) and lower histopathologic scores (p < 0.01) for chronic tissue injury in liver and spleen than matched normal-protein (20%) fed Berkeley sickle mice. In addition, high-protein fed Townes sickle mice had less vascular leakage (∼36%) in the heart, lungs, and brain and a better survival rate (21%) than matched normal-protein Townes sickle mice. This is the first report of histopathologic evidence that a high protein:calorie diet attenuates sickle cell related chronic organ injury in transgenic sickle cell mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ann Manci
- Centralized Pathology Unit for Study of Sickle Cell Disease, University of South Alabama Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Mobile, AL 33604, USA
| | - Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Patrice L Capers
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - David R Archer
- Aflac Cancer Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sydney Pitts
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Aflac Cancer Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John Patrickson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Michael E Titford
- Centralized Pathology Unit for Study of Sickle Cell Disease, University of South Alabama Children’s and Women’s Hospital, Mobile, AL 33604, USA
| | - Solomon F Ofori-Acquah
- Aflac Cancer Center, Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hibbert
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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Côrte-Real L, Mendes F, Coimbra J, Morais TS, Tomaz AI, Valente A, Garcia MH, Santos I, Bicho M, Marques F. Anticancer activity of structurally related ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:853-67. [PMID: 24562604 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A set of structurally related Ru(η(5)-C5H5) complexes with bidentate N,N'-heteroaromatic ligands have been evaluated as prospective metallodrugs, with focus on exploring the uptake and cell death mechanisms and potential cellular targets. We have extended these studies to examine the potential of these complexes to target cancer cell metabolism, the energetic-related phenotype of cancer cells. The observations that these complexes can enter cells, probably facilitated by binding to plasma transferrin, and can be retained preferentially at the membranes prompted us to explore possible membrane targets involved in cancer cell metabolism. Most malignant tumors present the Warburg effect, which consists in increasing glycolytic rates with production of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. The reliance of glycolytic cancer cells on trans-plasma-membrane electron transport (TPMET) systems for their continued survival raises the question of their appropriateness as a target for anticancer drug development strategies. Considering the interesting findings that some anticancer drugs in clinical use are cytotoxic even without entering cells and can inhibit TPMET activity, we investigated whether redox enzyme modulation could be a potential mechanism of action of antitumor ruthenium complexes. The results from this study indicated that ruthenium complexes can inhibit lactate production and TPMET activity in a way dependent on the cancer cell aggressiveness and the concentration of the complex. Combination approaches that target cell metabolism (glycolytic inhibitors) as well as proliferation are needed to successfully cure cancer. This study supports the potential use of some of these ruthenium complexes as adjuvants of glycolytic inhibitors in the treatment of aggressive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Côrte-Real
- Unidade Ciências Químicas e Radiofarmacêuticas, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Polo de Loures-Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066, Bobadela LRS Sacavém, Portugal
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Kang JH. Acrolein, A Reactive Product of Lipid Peroxidation, Induces Oxidative Modification of Cytochrome c. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kang JH. Oxidative Modification of Cytochrome c by Tetrahydropapaveroline, an Isoquinoline-Derived Neurotoxin. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.2.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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An SH, Lee MS, Kang JH. Oxidative modification of ferritin induced by methylglyoxal. BMB Rep 2012; 45:147-52. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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16
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Bridges HR, Bill E, Hirst J. Mössbauer spectroscopy on respiratory complex I: the iron-sulfur cluster ensemble in the NADH-reduced enzyme is partially oxidized. Biochemistry 2011; 51:149-58. [PMID: 22122402 PMCID: PMC3254188 DOI: 10.1021/bi201644x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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In mitochondria, complex I (NADH:quinone oxidoreductase)
couples
electron transfer to proton translocation across an energy-transducing
membrane. It contains a flavin mononucleotide to oxidize NADH, and
an unusually long series of iron–sulfur (FeS) clusters that
transfer the electrons to quinone. Understanding electron transfer
in complex I requires spectroscopic and structural data to be combined
to reveal the properties of individual clusters and of the ensemble.
EPR studies on complex I from Bos taurus have established
that five clusters (positions 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 along the seven-cluster
chain extending from the flavin) are (at least partially) reduced
by NADH. The other three clusters, positions 4 and 6 plus a cluster
on the other side of the flavin, are not observed in EPR spectra from
the NADH-reduced enzyme: they may remain oxidized, have unusual or
coupled spin states, or their EPR signals may be too fast relaxing.
Here, we use Mössbauer spectroscopy on 57Fe-labeled
complex I from the mitochondria of Yarrowia lipolytica to show that the cluster ensemble is only partially reduced in the
NADH-reduced enzyme. The three EPR-silent clusters are oxidized, and
only the terminal 4Fe cluster (position 7) is fully reduced. Together
with the EPR analyses, our results reveal an alternating profile of
higher and lower potential clusters between the two active sites in
complex I; they are not consistent with the consensus picture of a
set of isopotential clusters. The implications for intramolecular
electron transfer along the extended chain of cofactors in complex
I are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Bridges
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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Liu C, Yu L, Liu Y, Li F, Zhou M. NMR study on iridium(III) complexes for identifying disulfonate substituted bathophenanthroline regio-isomers. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:816-823. [PMID: 22076838 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel biscyclometalated iridium (III) complexes with an ancillary disulfonated bathophenanthroline (DSBP(2-)) ligand, Ir(L)(2)DSBPNa, L = 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 2,4-difluorophenylpyridine (fppy), and 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq) were found to have two isomeric forms. The chemical structures of the isomers were determined by the one- and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR studies. The isomeric state was proved to have originated from the disulfonate-related regio-isomer of the DSBP(2-) ligand.
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18
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Assessment of iron absorption in mice by ICP-MS measurements of 57Fe levels. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:783-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Long S, Changmai P, Tsaousis AD, Skalický T, Verner Z, Wen YZ, Roger AJ, Lukeš J. Stage-specific requirement for Isa1 and Isa2 proteins in the mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei and heterologous rescue by human and Blastocystis orthologues. Mol Microbiol 2011; 81:1403-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Morello N, Tonoli E, Logrand F, Fiorito V, Fagoonee S, Turco E, Silengo L, Vercelli A, Altruda F, Tolosano E. Haemopexin affects iron distribution and ferritin expression in mouse brain. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 13:4192-204. [PMID: 19120692 PMCID: PMC4496126 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemopexin (Hx) is an acute phase plasma glycoprotein, mainly produced by the liver and released into plasma where it binds heme with high affinity and delivers it to the liver. This system provides protection against free heme-mediated oxidative stress, limits access by pathogens to heme and contributes to iron homeostasis by recycling heme iron. Hx protein has been found in the sciatic nerve, skeletal muscle, retina, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recently, a comparative proteomic analysis has shown an increase of Hx in CSF from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, thus suggesting its involvement in heme detoxification in brain. Here, we report that Hx is synthesised in brain by the ventricular ependymal cells. To verify whether Hx is involved in heme scavenging in brain, and consequently, in the control of iron level, iron deposits and ferritin expression were analysed in cerebral regions known for iron accumulation. We show a twofold increase in the number of iron-loaded oligodendrocytes in the basal ganglia and thalamus of Hx-null mice compared to wild-type controls. Interestingly, there was no increase in H- and L-ferritin expression in these regions. This condition is common to several human neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease in which iron loading is not associated with an adequate increase in ferritin expression. However, a strong reduction in the number of ferritin-positive cells was observed in the cerebral cortex of Hx-null animals. Consistent with increased iron deposits and inadequate ferritin expression, malondialdehyde level and Cu–Zn superoxide dismutase-1 expression were higher in the brain of Hx-null mice than in that of wild-type controls. These data demonstrate that Hx plays an important role in controlling iron distribution within brain, thus suggesting its involvement in iron-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Morello
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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21
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Lunov O, Syrovets T, Büchele B, Jiang X, Röcker C, Tron K, Nienhaus GU, Walther P, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Simmet T. The effect of carboxydextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis in human macrophages. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5063-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Abstract
NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is an entry point for electrons into the respiratory chain in many eukaryotes. It couples NADH oxidation and ubiquinone reduction to proton translocation across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Because complex I deficiencies occur in a wide range of neuromuscular diseases, including Parkinson's disease, there is a clear need for model eukaryotic systems to facilitate structural, functional and mutational studies. In the present study, we describe the purification and characterization of the complexes I from two yeast species, Pichia pastoris and Pichia angusta. They are obligate aerobes which grow to very high cell densities on simple medium, as yeast-like, spheroidal cells. Both Pichia enzymes catalyse inhibitor-sensitive NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreduction, display EPR spectra which match closely to those from other eukaryotic complexes I, and show patterns characteristic of complex I in SDS/PAGE analysis. Mass spectrometry was used to identify several canonical complex I subunits. Purified P. pastoris complex I has a particularly high specific activity, and incorporating it into liposomes demonstrates that NADH oxidation is coupled to the generation of a protonmotive force. Interestingly, the rate of NADH-induced superoxide production by the Pichia enzymes is more than twice as high as that of the Bos taurus enzyme. Our results both resolve previous disagreement about whether Pichia species encode complex I, furthering understanding of the evolution of complex I within dikarya, and they provide two new, robust and highly active model systems for study of the structure and catalytic mechanism of eukaryotic complexes I.
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Kang JH. Ferritin enhances salsolinol-mediated DNA strand breakage: Protection by carnosine and related compounds. Toxicol Lett 2009; 188:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yeeles JTP, Cammack R, Dillingham MS. An iron-sulfur cluster is essential for the binding of broken DNA by AddAB-type helicase-nucleases. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:7746-55. [PMID: 19129187 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808526200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial helicase-nuclease complex AddAB converts double-stranded DNA breaks into substrates for RecA-dependent recombinational repair. Here we show that the AddB subunit contains a novel class of nuclease domain distinguished by the presence of an iron-sulfur cluster. The cluster is coordinated by an unusual arrangement of cysteine residues that originate from both sides of the AddB nuclease, forming an "iron staple" that is required for the local structural integrity of this domain. Disruption of the iron-sulfur cluster by mutagenesis eliminates the ability of AddAB to bind to duplex DNA ends without affecting the single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Sequence analysis suggests that a related iron staple nuclease domain is present in the eukaryotic DNA replication/repair factor Dna2, where it is also associated with a DNA helicase motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T P Yeeles
- DNA-Protein Interactions Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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25
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Zanarini S, Della Ciana L, Marcaccio M, Marzocchi E, Paolucci F, Prodi L. Electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence of [Ru(II)-tris(bathophenanthroline-disulfonate)]4- in aprotic conditions and aqueous buffers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:10188-93. [PMID: 18652506 DOI: 10.1021/jp803757y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical and ECL properties of tris[1,10-phenanthrolinediyl-4,7-di(benzenesulfonate)]Ru(II) ([Ru(BPS)3]4-) have been addressed in both strictly aprotic conditions and aqueous buffers. A combined theoretical and experimental approach is presented to focus thermodynamics and kinetic effects of electro-generated species possessing highly negative charge. The complex, prepared as the sodium salt by using a newly developed procedure, was subsequently converted to the tetrabutylammonium salt by ion exchange, thus making it soluble in organic media and allowing, for the first time, its thorough electrochemical investigation in ultra-dry aprotic media. The electrochemically induced luminescence (ECL) of Na 4[Ru(BPS)3] in phosphate buffer, using the co-reactant method (tripropylamine), was investigated as a function of the electrode material and halide addition, and ECL intensities six times higher than that of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ were found. In addition, the ECL behavior of this promising dye for biomolecule recognition was investigated in aprotic media and, for the first time, the direct radical anion-radical cation annihilation ECL was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Zanarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Universita' di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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A highly sensitive colorimetric microplate ferrocyanide assay applied to ascorbate-stimulated transplasma membrane ferricyanide reduction and mitochondrial succinate oxidation. Anal Biochem 2008; 373:287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2007.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Marro S, Barisani D, Chiabrando D, Fagoonee S, Muckenthaler MU, Stolte J, Meneveri R, Haile D, Silengo L, Altruda F, Tolosano E. Lack of haptoglobin affects iron transport across duodenum by modulating ferroportin expression. Gastroenterology 2007; 133:1261-1271. [PMID: 17919498 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein responsible for the recovery of free hemoglobin from plasma. Haptoglobin-null mice were previously shown to have an altered heme-iron distribution, thus reproducing what occurs in humans in cases of congenital or acquired anhaptoglobinemia. Here, we report the analysis of iron homeostasis in haptoglobin-null mice. METHODS Iron absorption was measured in tied-off duodenal segments. Iron stores were evaluated on tissue homogenates and sections. The expression of molecules involved in iron homeostasis was analyzed at the protein and messenger RNA levels both in mice and in murine RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated in vitro with hemoglobin. RESULTS Analysis of intestinal iron transport reveals that haptoglobin-null mice export significantly more iron from the duodenal mucosa to plasma compared with control counterparts. Increased iron export from the duodenum correlates with increased duodenal expression of ferroportin, both at the protein and messenger RNA levels, whereas hepatic hepcidin expression remains unchanged. Up-regulation of the ferroportin transcript, but not of the protein, also occurs in haptoglobin-null spleen macrophages, which accumulate free hemoglobin-derived iron. Finally, we demonstrate that hemoglobin induces ferroportin expression in RAW264.7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Taking together these data, we suggest that haptoglobin, by controlling plasma levels of hemoglobin, participates in the regulation of ferroportin expression, thus contributing to the regulation of iron transfer from duodenal mucosa to plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Marro
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, and Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Rudolf J, Makrantoni V, Ingledew WJ, Stark MJR, White MF. The DNA Repair Helicases XPD and FancJ Have Essential Iron-Sulfur Domains. Mol Cell 2006; 23:801-8. [PMID: 16973432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA helicases are essential components of the cellular machinery for DNA replication, recombination, repair, and transcription. The XPD and FancJ proteins are related helicases involved in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) and Fanconi anemia repair pathways, respectively. We demonstrate that both proteins have a conserved domain near the N terminus that includes an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster. Three absolutely conserved cysteine residues provide ligands for the Fe-S cluster, which is essential for the helicase activity of XPD. Yeast strains harboring mutations in the Fe-S domain of Rad3 (yeast XPD) are defective in excision repair of UV photoproducts. Clinically relevant mutations in patients with trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Fanconi anemia disrupt the Fe-S clusters of XPD and FancJ and thereby abolish helicase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Rudolf
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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29
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One-shot flow injection spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of copper, iron and zinc in patients’ sera with newly developed multi-compartment flow cell. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Fagoonee S, Gburek J, Hirsch E, Marro S, Moestrup SK, Laurberg JM, Christensen EI, Silengo L, Altruda F, Tolosano E. Plasma protein haptoglobin modulates renal iron loading. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 166:973-83. [PMID: 15793279 PMCID: PMC1602399 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Haptoglobin is the plasma protein with the highest binding affinity for hemoglobin. The strength of hemoglobin binding and the existence of a specific receptor for the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex in the monocyte/macrophage system clearly suggest that haptoglobin may have a crucial role in heme-iron recovery. We used haptoglobin-null mice to evaluate the impact of haptoglobin gene inactivation on iron metabolism. Haptoglobin deficiency led to increased deposition of hemoglobin in proximal tubules of the kidney instead of the liver and the spleen as occurred in wild-type mice. This difference in organ distribution of hemoglobin in haptoglobin-deficient mice resulted in abnormal iron deposits in proximal tubules during aging. Moreover, iron also accumulated in proximal tubules after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury or after an acute plasma heme-protein overload caused by muscle injury, without affecting morphological and functional parameters of renal damage. These data demonstrate that haptoglobin crucially prevents glomerular filtration of hemoglobin and, consequently, renal iron loading during aging and following acute plasma heme-protein overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Via Santena 5bis, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Argirova MD. Photosensitizer activity of model melanoidins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:1210-1214. [PMID: 15713043 DOI: 10.1021/jf049270h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of melanoidins, the brown pigments formed during Maillard reaction in thermally processed foods, to act as photosensitizers. Seven model melanoidins obtained from different amino and carbonyl compounds were irradiated in a photoreactor or exposed to sunlight. Changes in the ultraviolet-visible spectra and photobleaching were registered in all studied melanoidin systems, and reactive oxygen species were quantified. The data suggest a UV-A-dependent production of singlet oxygen via type II photoreaction and low levels of superoxide radical via type I reaction. The significance of these melanoidin-bound photosensitizers for food stability and quality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana D Argirova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, 15A Vassil Aprilov Street, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Tolosano E, Fagoonee S, Garuti C, Valli L, Andrews NC, Altruda F, Pietrangelo A. Haptoglobin modifies the hemochromatosis phenotype in mice. Blood 2004; 105:3353-5. [PMID: 15613548 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder of iron metabolism caused by a mutation in the HFE gene. Whereas the prevalence of the mutation is very high, the clinical penetrance of the disease is low, suggesting that the HFE mutation is a necessary but not sufficient cause of clinical HH. Several candidate modifier genes have been proposed in mice and humans, including haptoglobin. Haptoglobin is the plasma protein with the highest binding affinity for hemoglobin. It delivers free plasma hemoglobin to the reticuloendothelial system, thus reducing loss of hemoglobin through the glomeruli and allowing heme-iron recycling. To gain insight into the role of haptoglobin as a modifier gene in HH, we used Hfe and haptoglobin double-null mice. Here, we show that Hfe and haptoglobin compound mutant mice accumulate significantly less hepatic iron than Hfe-null mice, thus demonstrating that haptoglobin-mediated heme-iron recovery may contribute significantly to iron loading in HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. emanuela.
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