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Brevibacterium Bacteremia in the Setting of Pyogenic Liver Abscess: A Case Report with Accompanying Literature Review. Case Rep Infect Dis 2022; 2021:8034874. [PMID: 34992889 PMCID: PMC8727117 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8034874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 71-year-old Pakistani man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with worsening mental status, abdominal pain, and oral intake for the past seven days was found to have pyogenic hepatic abscess with unculturable bacteria and subsequently found to have rare Brevibacterium bacteremia.
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2
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Benson CE, Tatem L. Successful Treatment of Brevibacterium Bacteremia Solely With Antimicrobial Therapy. Cureus 2021; 13:e16004. [PMID: 34336495 PMCID: PMC8319194 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brevibacterium is a large genus that is not often involved in pathogenesis, however, since 1991 there have been several case reports of Brevibacterium-associated illness, most often due to bacteremia in the setting of an immunocompromised patient with a central venous catheter (CVC). Here we detail the case of an elderly woman with many comorbidities and a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line for over four years, who presented with septic shock and Brevibacterium bacteremia. In nearly all previous cases of Brevibacterium bacteremia it was thought to be due to a CVC which was removed as part of the treatment in conjunction with antibiotics. In this case, the patient was treated with empiric antibiotics and her blood cultures cleared within 48 hours without catheter removal or antibiotic-lock therapy. The clinical outcome was favorable at 50 days follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Benson
- Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Luis Tatem
- Infectious Diseases, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
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3
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Eidensohn Y, Wei A, Sirkin M, Dever LL. Brevibacteria tibial osteomyelitis. IDCases 2021; 23:e01046. [PMID: 33511032 PMCID: PMC7815998 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brevibacteria are Gram-positive rods found in human skin flora and dairy products. Although generally not considered human pathogens, case reports have implicated Brevibacterium species as rare causes of bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, and osteomyelitis. We report a case of Brevibacterium tibial osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent individual with implanted hardware and highlight the challenge of identifying the organism and recognizing it as a potential pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Eidensohn
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Abraham Wei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Sirkin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lisa L. Dever
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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4
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Antoniou S, Dimitriadis A, Polydorou F, Malaka E. Brevibacterium Iodinum Peritonitis Associated with Acute Urticaria in a Capd Patient. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089701700617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Antoniou
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Dimitrios Hospital Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A. Dimitriadis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Dimitrios Hospital Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F. Polydorou
- Laboratory of Microbiology Agios Dimitrios Hospital Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E. Malaka
- Laboratory of Microbiology Agios Dimitrios Hospital Thessaloniki, Greece
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5
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Draft whole-genome sequence of Brevibacterium casei strain isolated from a bloodstream infection. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:685-689. [PMID: 32067212 PMCID: PMC7203332 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its low virulence potential and a commensal lifestyle as a member of the human skin microbiota, Brevibacterium casei has been increasingly reported as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the S51 strain isolated from a bloodstream infection. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of the draft genome sequence of the B. casei strain isolated from the clinical infection. The strain was identified using phenotypic and molecular methods and subsequently sequenced using the next-generation sequencing. The draft whole genome was assembled de novo, automatically annotated by Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology (RAST) server and scrutinized to predict the presence of virulence, resistance, and stress response proteins. The genome size of the S51 strain was 3,743,532 bp and an average G+C content was 68.3%. The predicted genes included 48 genes involved in resistance to antibiotics (including vancomycin, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactams) and toxic compounds (heavy metals), 16 genes involved in invasion and intracellular resistance (Mycobacterium virulence operons), and 94 genes involved in stress response (osmotic, oxidative stress, cold and heat shock). ResFinder has indicated the presence of a beta-lactamase, and a phenotypic analysis showed resistance to penicillin. This whole-genome NGS project for the S51strain has been deposited at EMBL/GenBank under the accession no. QNGF00000000.
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Asai N, Suematsu H, Yamada A, Watanabe H, Nishiyama N, Sakanashi D, Kato H, Shiota A, Hagihara M, Koizumi Y, Yamagishi Y, Mikamo H. Brevibacterium paucivorans bacteremia: case report and review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:344. [PMID: 31023246 PMCID: PMC6485150 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brevibacteria are obligate aerobic gram-positive rods that are associated with milk products and are also found on human skin. Brevibacterium has been reported as a rare cause of catheter related blood steam infection mainly in immunocompromised hosts such as malignancies or AIDS patients. Case presentation A 94-year old woman, which had a past history of diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure, presented with high fever associated with decreased oral intake and appetite loss and was admitted to our institute. A physical examination at the time of presentation was unremarkable. On day 2, both blood cultures collected on admission became positive with coryneform organism within 24 h without Staphylococci and Brevibacterium species were identified by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Subsequently, genetic investigation by 16S ribosomal RNA analysis was performed in order to identify the organism. Finally, the result identified this pathogen as Brevibacterium paucivorans with 99.5% homology on the Ez taxon database. The patient was started empirically on meropenem and teicoplanin for broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. The patient’s fever finally abated and labs were also improved. On day 14, the antibiotic therapy was discontinued. The site of infections was unknown. We hereby report a case of Brevibacterium paicivorans bacteremia in an immunocompetent patient and review cases of Brevibacterium specises bacteremia previously reported. This is the first case of B. paucivorans bacteremia as far as we could search. Conclusion Physicians and microbiologists should be aware that Brevibacteria are uncommon but important agents which could cause opportunistic infections in immunocompetent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Asai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, ₸480-1195 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yamada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, ₸480-1195 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naoya Nishiyama
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, ₸480-1195 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Arufumi Shiota
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, ₸480-1195 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, ₸480-1195 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, ₸480-1195 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. .,Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan.
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7
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Jung YJ, Huh HJ, Ki CS, Lee NY. Misidentification of Brevibacterium caseias Propionibacterium acnesIsolated from the Blood of a Patient with Malignant Lymphoma. ANNALS OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5145/acm.2014.17.3.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jung Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Yong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Native aortic valve endocarditis caused by Brevibacterium epidermidis in an immunocompetent patient. Am J Med Sci 2011; 342:257-8. [PMID: 21681068 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e31821ffb9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although Brevibacterium species used to be considered as nonpathogenic microorganisms until recently, it seems that they can cause a wide variety of clinical diseases by acting mostly as opportunistic pathogens. The present case is the second reported case of infective endocarditis by Brevibacterium species; however, it is the first reported infected native aortic valve in an immunocompetent patient.
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9
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Cannon JP, Spandoni SL, Pesh-Iman S, Johnson S. Pericardial infection caused by Brevibacterium casei. Clin Microbiol Infect 2005; 11:164-5. [PMID: 15679496 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Wauters G, Haase G, Avesani V, Charlier J, Janssens M, Van Broeck J, Delmée M. Identification of a novel Brevibacterium species isolated from humans and description of Brevibacterium sanguinis sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:2829-32. [PMID: 15184484 PMCID: PMC427857 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.6.2829-2832.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Six coryneforms isolated from blood and dialysate fluid were phenotypically similar to Brevibacterium casei, but 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-DNA hybridization indicate that they belong to a new species for which the name Brevibacterium sanguinis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Wauters
- University of Louvain, Microbiology Unit, UCL/5490, Av. Hippocrate 54, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Beukinga I, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Deplano A, Jacobs F, Struelens MJ. Management of long-term catheter-related Brevibacterium bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004; 10:465-7. [PMID: 15113328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2004.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacterium has been reported as a rare cause of implanted-device infection. In two cases of recurrent Brevibacterium casei bacteraemia associated with infection of surgically implanted intravascular devices, relapse occurred 2 and 5 months, respectively, after completion of therapy with vancomycin via the infected catheter. A second intravenous antibiotic therapy course by the antibiotic-lock technique led to bacteriological cure in one patient. Molecular typing results demonstrated that the recurrent bacteraemia was caused by the same strain. Implanted-device removal may be necessary, in addition to appropriate antibiotics, for successful management of such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Beukinga
- Department of Microbiology, Erasme Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Dass KN, Smith MA, Gill VJ, Goldstein SA, Lucey DR. Brevibacterium endocarditis: a first report. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35:e20-1. [PMID: 12087539 DOI: 10.1086/340984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2002] [Revised: 02/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few case reports of infections caused by Brevibacterium species, and there have been no previously reported cases of endocarditis caused by any of the 6 known species of Brevibacterium. We report the first case of Brevibacterium endocarditis (caused by Brevibacterium otitidis) in a patient with prosthetic heart valves. The patient responded to 6 weeks of treatment with vancomycin and 2 weeks with gentamicin, and she has been receiving long-term maintenance therapy with oral azithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Dass
- Infectious Disease Service, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
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13
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Funke G, von Graevenitz A, Clarridge JE, Bernard KA. Clinical microbiology of coryneform bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997; 10:125-59. [PMID: 8993861 PMCID: PMC172946 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.10.1.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coryneform bacteria are aerobically growing, asporogenous, non-partially-acid-fast, gram-positive rods of irregular morphology. Within the last few years, there has been a massive increase in the number of publications related to all aspects of their clinical microbiology. Clinical microbiologists are often confronted with making identifications within this heterogeneous group as well as with considerations of the clinical significance of such isolates. This review provides comprehensive information on the identification of coryneform bacteria and outlines recent changes in taxonomy. The following genera are covered: Corynebacterium, Turicella, Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Dermabacter. Propionibacterium, Rothia, Exiguobacterium, Oerskovia, Cellulomonas, Sanguibacter, Microbacterium, Aureobacterium, "Corynebacterium aquaticum," Arcanobacterium, and Actinomyces. Case reports claiming disease associations of coryneform bacteria are critically reviewed. Minimal microbiological requirements for publications on disease associations of coryneform bacteria are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Funke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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Funke G, Pünter V, von Graevenitz A. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some recently established coryneform bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996; 40:2874-8. [PMID: 9124857 PMCID: PMC163638 DOI: 10.1128/aac.40.12.2874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The susceptibility patterns of 480 isolates representing six recently defined species of coryneform bacteria (Corynebacterium amycolatum [n = 101], Corynebacterium auris [n = 48], Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum [n = 86], Brevibacterium casei [n = 50], Dermabacter hominis [n = 49], and Turicella otitidis [n = 146]) to 17 antimicrobial agents were determined by an agar dilution method. Most significantly, for C. amycolatum strains the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were > or = 32 micrograms/ml for nearly all agents. However, all 480 strains examined were susceptible to glycopeptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Funke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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15
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Reinert RR, Schnitzler N, Haase G, Lütticken R, Fabry U, Schaal KP, Funke G. Recurrent bacteremia due to Brevibacterium casei in an immunocompromised patient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14:1082-5. [PMID: 8681984 DOI: 10.1007/bf01590943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A case of an immunocompromised patient who experienced two episodes of septicemia caused by a coryneform bacterium is reported. Biochemical characteristics and analysis of cellular fatty acids and of cell wall components showed two identical strains of Brevibacterium casei to be responsible for these infections. The lack of easy-to-perform methods for identification may have led, in the past, to an underestimation of the role of this bacterium, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Reinert
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Technical University of Aachen, Germany
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Kaukoranta-Tolvanen SS, Sivonen A, Kostiala AA, Hormila P, Vaara M. Bacteremia caused by Brevibacterium species in an immunocompromised patient. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 14:801-4. [PMID: 8536730 DOI: 10.1007/bf01690997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A 46-year-old woman suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was admitted to the hospital because of high fever. Multiple blood cultures revealed an unusual finding, a Brevibacterium species, which was reisolated 16 days later from the tip of her long-term central venous catheter. This case indicates that Brevibacterium species isolated from normally sterile sites should be considered as a potential pathogen, especially in immunocompromised patients.
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17
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Carlotti A, Funke G. Rapid Distinction of Brevibacterium Species by Restriction Analysis of rDNA Generated by Polymerase Chain Reaction. Syst Appl Microbiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(11)80054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Funke G, Carlotti A. Differentiation of Brevibacterium spp. encountered in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:1729-32. [PMID: 7929766 PMCID: PMC263777 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.7.1729-1732.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-three strains belonging to the genus Brevibacterium which were encountered in clinical materials over 2 decades were compared with reference strains, including the type strains, of B. casei, B. epidermidis, B. mcbrellneri, B. iodinum, and B. linens. By means of carbohydrate assimilation tests (CATs) the 43 clinical isolates could be assigned to the species B. casei (n = 41) and B. epidermidis (n = 2). DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed for 20 clinical isolates and confirmed the species identification of the isolates. Cellular fatty acid profiles of all strains were determined and found to have less discriminative power than CATs. This is the first report indicating that most clinical Brevibacterium isolates are B. casei and that CATs provide an easy-to-perform method for species determination within the genus, thus avoiding nucleic acid techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Funke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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