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Firth BL, Craig PM, Drake DAR, Power M. Impacts of temperature and turbidity on the gill physiology of darter species. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 291:111589. [PMID: 38253199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fish gills are complex organs that have direct contact with the environment and perform numerous functions including gas exchange and ion regulation. Determining if gill morphometry can change under different environmental conditions to maintain and/or improve gas exchange and ion regulation is important for understanding if gill plasticity can improve survival with increasing environmental change. We assessed gill morphology (gas exchange and ion regulation metrics), hematocrit and gill Na+/K+ ATPase activity of wild-captured blackside darter (Percina maculata), greenside darter (Etheostoma blennioides), and johnny darter (Etheostoma nigrum) at two temperatures (10 and 25 °C) and turbidity levels (8 and 94 NTU). Samples were collected August and October 2020 in the Grand River to assess temperature differences, and August 2020 in the Thames River to assess turbidity differences. Significant effects of temperature and/or turbidity only impacted ionocyte number, lamellae width, and hematocrit. An increase in temperature decreased ionocyte number while an increase in turbidity increased lamellae width. Hematocrit had a species-specific response for both temperature and turbidity. Findings suggest that the three darter species have limited plasticity in gill morphology, with no observed compensatory changes in hematocrit or Na+/K+ ATPase activity to maintain homeostasis under the different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. https://twitter.com/pcraig77
| | - D Andrew R Drake
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Boussinet E, Nachón DJ, Sottolichio A, Lochet A, Stoll S, Bareille G, Tabouret H, Pécheyran C, Acolas ML, Daverat F. Juvenile downstream migration patterns of an anadromous fish, allis shad (Alosa alosa), before and after the population collapse in the Gironde system, France. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1054-1066. [PMID: 38168734 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Diadromous fish have exhibited a dramatic decline since the end of the 20th century. The allis shad (Alosa alosa) population in the Gironde-Garonne-Dordogne (GGD) system, once considered as a reference in Europe, remains low despite a fishing ban in 2008. One hypothesis to explain this decline is that the downstream migration and growth dynamics of young stages have changed due to environmental modifications in the rivers and estuary. We retrospectively analysed juvenile growth and migration patterns using otoliths from adults caught in the GGD system 30 years apart during their spawning migration, in 1987 and 2016. We coupled otolith daily growth increments and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry measurements of Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Mn:Ca ratios along the longest growth axis from hatching to an age of 100 days (i.e., during the juvenile stage). A back-calculation allowed us to estimate the size of juveniles at the entrance into the brackish estuary. Based on the geochemistry data, we distinguished four different zones that juveniles encountered during their downstream migration: freshwater, fluvial estuary, brackish estuary, and lower estuary. We identified three migration patterns during the first 100 days of their life: (a) Individuals that reached the lower estuary zone, (b) individuals that reached the brackish estuary zone, and (c) individuals that reached the fluvial estuary zone. On average, juveniles from the 1987 subsample stayed slightly longer in freshwater than juveniles from the 2016 subsample. In addition, juveniles from the 2016 subsample entered the brackish estuary at a smaller size. This result suggests that juveniles from the 2016 subsample might have encountered more difficult conditions during their downstream migration, which we attribute to a longer exposure to the turbid maximum zone. This assumption is supported by the microchemical analyses of the otoliths, which suggests based on wider Mn:Ca peaks that juveniles in 2010s experienced a longer period of physiological stress during their downstream migration than juveniles in 1980s. Finally, juveniles from the 2016 subsample took longer than 100 days to exit the lower estuary than we would have expected from previous studies. Adding a new marker (i.e., Ba:Ca) helped us refine the interpretation of the downstream migration for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Boussinet
- INRAE National Institute for Agriculture and Environment, UR EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes Research Unit, Cestas, France
- University of Applied Sciences Trier-Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany
| | - David José Nachón
- INRAE National Institute for Agriculture and Environment, UR EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes Research Unit, Cestas, France
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Aldo Sottolichio
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Pessac, France
| | - Aude Lochet
- Lake Champlain Sea Grant-SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, New York, USA
| | - Stefan Stoll
- University of Applied Sciences Trier-Environmental Campus Birkenfeld, Hoppstädten-Weiersbach, Germany
| | - Gilles Bareille
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, MIRA, Pau, France
| | - Helene Tabouret
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, MIRA, Pau, France
| | - Christophe Pécheyran
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, MIRA, Pau, France
| | - Marie-Laure Acolas
- INRAE National Institute for Agriculture and Environment, UR EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes Research Unit, Cestas, France
| | - Françoise Daverat
- INRAE National Institute for Agriculture and Environment, UR EABX, Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Changes Research Unit, Cestas, France
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Firth BL, Craig PM, Drake DAR, Power M. Impact of turbidity on the gill morphology and hypoxia tolerance of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38506425 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors such as agriculture and urbanization can increase river turbidity, which can negatively impact fish gill morphology and growth due to reduced oxygen in the benthic environment. We assessed the gill morphology, field metabolic rate (FMR), and two hypoxia tolerance metrics (oxygen partial pressure at loss of equilibrium, PO2 at LOE, and critical oxygen tension, Pcrit ) of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a small benthic fish listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act in Canada, from rivers in southern Ontario. Field trials were conducted streamside in the Grand River (August 2019; mean NTU 8) and in the comparatively more turbid Thames River (August 2020; mean NTU 94) to test the effect of turbidity on each physiological endpoint. Gills were collected from incidental mortalities and museum specimens, and were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescent staining. The between-river comparison indicated that turbidity significantly increased interlamellar space and filament width but had no significant influence on other gill morphometrics or FMR. Turbidity significantly increased PO2 at LOE (i.e., fish had a lower hypoxia tolerance) but did not significantly impact Pcrit . Therefore, although turbidity influences hypoxia tolerance through LOE, turbidity levels were not sufficiently high in the study rivers to contribute to measurable changes in gill morphology or metabolism in the wild. Determining whether changes in gill morphology or metabolism occur under higherturbidity levels would help resolve the ecological importance of turbidity on species physiology in urban and agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Andrew R Drake
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Bowering LR, McArley TJ, Devaux JBL, Hickey AJR, Herbert NA. Metabolic resilience of the Australasian snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus) to marine heatwaves and hypoxia. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215442. [PMID: 37528894 PMCID: PMC10387550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are under threat from a simultaneous combination of climate change stressors, including warming sea surface temperatures (SST), marine heatwave (MHW) episodes, and hypoxic events. This study sought to investigate the impacts of these stressors on the Australasian snapper (C. auratus) - a finfish species of high commercial and recreational importance, from the largest snapper fishery in Aotearoa New Zealand (SNA1). A MHW scenario was simulated from 21°C (current February SST average for north-eastern New Zealand) to a future predicted level of 25°C, with the whole-animal and mitochondrial metabolic performance of snapper in response to hypoxia and elevated temperature tested after 1-, 10-, and 30-days of thermal challenge. It was hypothesised that key indicators of snapper metabolic performance would decline after 1-day of MHW stress, but that partial recovery might arise as result of thermal plasticity after chronic (e.g., 30-day) exposures. In contrast to this hypothesis, snapper performance remained high throughout the MHW: 1) Aerobic metabolic scope increased after 1-day of 25°C exposure and remained high. 2) Hypoxia tolerance, measured as the critical O2 pressure and O2 pressure where loss of equilibrium occurred, declined after 1-day of warm-acclimation, but recovered quickly with no observable difference from the 21°C control following 30-days at 25°C. 3) The performance of snapper mitochondria was also maintained, with oxidative phosphorylation respiration and proton leak flux across the inner mitochondrial membrane of the heart remaining mostly unaffected. Collectively, the results suggest that heart mitochondria displayed resilience, or plasticity, in snapper chronically exposed to 25°C. Therefore, contrary to the notion of climate change having adverse metabolic effects, future temperatures approaching 25°C may be tolerated by C. auratus in Northern New Zealand. Even in conjunction with supplementary hypoxia, 25°C appears to represent a metabolically optimal temperature for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyvia R. Bowering
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
| | | | - Jules B. L. Devaux
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Neill A. Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
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Firth BL, Drake DAR, Power M. Seasonal and environmental effects on upper thermal limits of eastern sand darter ( Ammocrypta pellucida). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab057. [PMID: 35928053 PMCID: PMC8336138 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors are predicted to increase water temperature, which can influence physiological, individual, and population processes in fishes. We assessed the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a small benthic fish listed as threatened under the Species at Risk Act in Canada. Field trials were conducted stream side June-November 2019 in the Grand River, Ontario, to encompass a range of ambient water temperatures (7-25°C) for which agitation temperature (Tag) and CTmax were determined. Additional measures were taken in the comparatively more turbid Thames River to test the effect of turbidity on both measures. In the Grand, Tag and CTmax ranged from 23°C to 33°C and 27°C to 37°C, respectively, and both significantly increased with ambient water temperature, with a high acclimation response ratio (0.49). The thermal safety margin (difference between ambient temperatures and CTmax) was smallest in July and August (~11°C) indicating that eastern sand darter lives closer to its physiological limit in summer. The between-river comparison indicated that turbidity had no significant influence on Tag and CTmax. Comparison of CTmax with in-river temperatures suggested that mean stream temperature 24 hours before the trial was most important for determining CTmax. Fish mass, temperature variance and maximum temperature in the 24-hour period prior to the CTmax trial were also shown to have some effect on determining CTmax. Overall, study results better define the sensitivity of eastern sand darter to temperature changes across the growing season and provide information to assess the availability of suitable thermal habitat for conservation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney L Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D Andrew R Drake
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Berry KLE, Hess S, Clark TD, Wenger AS, Hoogenboom MO, Negri AP. Effects of suspended coal particles on gill structure and oxygen consumption rates in a coral reef fish. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112459. [PMID: 34022563 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of coal are transported through tropical regions; however, little is known about the sub-lethal effects of coal contamination on tropical marine organisms, including fish. Here, we measured aerobic metabolism and gill morphology in a planktivorous coral reef damselfish, Acanthochromis polyacanthus to elucidate the sub-lethal effects of suspended coal particles over a range of coal concentrations and exposure durations. Differences in the standard oxygen consumption rates (MO2) between control fish and fish exposed to coal particles (38 and 73 mg L-1) were minimal and generally not dose dependent; however, the MO2 of fish exposed to 38 mg coal L-1 (21 days) and 73 mg coal L-1 (31 days) were both significantly higher than the MO2 of control fish. Chronic coal exposure (31 days) altered gill structure in the higher coal treatments (73 and 275 mg L-1), with fish exposed to 275 mg L-1 exhibiting significant reductions in gill mucous and thinning of lamellar and filament epithelium. These findings contribute to our limited understanding of the potential impacts of coal on tropical reef species; however, most of the observed effects occurred at high coal concentrations that are unlikely under most coal spill scenarios. Future studies should investigate other contamination scenarios such as the impacts of chronic exposures to lower concentrations of coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L E Berry
- AIMS@JCU, James Cook University, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia.
| | - S Hess
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - T D Clark
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - A S Wenger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M O Hoogenboom
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - A P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
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Unger S, Goforth R, Rhodes O, Floyd T. Short-term exposure to elevated suspended sediment increases oxygen uptake of gilled larval Eastern Hellbender ( Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) salamanders. CAN J ZOOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2020-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic elevated levels of suspended sediment that may negatively affect aquatic organisms, including salamanders. Although increasing fine sediment in streams has been suggested as a reason for population declines, to date no study has empirically assessed the effect of suspended sediment on gilled larval Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801)), a critical life-history stage and a species of conservation concern. We used custom respirometers to elucidate effects of suspended sediments on larval Eastern Hellbender oxygen uptake in trials conducted in situ in Georgia (USA) streams. Mean oxygen uptake increased and was significantly higher in trials when larval salamanders were exposed to suspended sediment (mean = 5.06 mg O2/L for 800 mg/L of sediment treatment vs. 2.25 mg O2/L for 0.00 mg/L of sediment control). This may indicate elevated physiological stress in response to short-term exposure to suspended sediments. Qualitatively, individuals in both groups exhibited rocking behavior in response to low oxygen (hypoxia), albeit at different frequencies (sediment exposure = 7.6 rocks/min and control = 2.1 rocks/min). Larval salamanders may be able to temporarily compensate for low oxygen through increased rocking behavior when high suspended sediment loads are present, with future respirometry research needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.D. Unger
- Biology Department, Bridges Science Building, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174, USA
| | - R.R. Goforth
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA
| | - O.E. Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, P.O. Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - T.M. Floyd
- Wildlife Resources Division, Wildlife Conservation Section, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 116 Rum Creek Drive, Forsyth, GA 31029, USA
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Impacts on Metabolism and Gill Physiology of Darter Species (Etheostoma spp.) That Are Attributed to Wastewater Effluent in the Grand River. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants is a major point source of contamination in Canadian waterways. The improvement of effluent quality to reduce contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, before being released into the environment is necessary to reduce the impacts on organisms that live in the river downstream. Here, we aimed to characterize the metabolic and gill physiological responses of rainbow (Etheostoma caeruleum), fantail (Etheostoma flabellare), and greenside (Etheostoma blennioides) darters to the effluent in the Grand River from the recently upgraded Waterloo municipal wastewater treatment plant. The routine metabolism of darters was not affected by effluent exposure, but some species had increased maximum metabolic rates, leading to an increased aerobic scope. The rainbow darter aerobic scope increased by 2.2 times and the fantail darter aerobic scope increased by 2.7 times compared to the reference site. Gill samples from effluent-exposed rainbow darters and greenside darters showed evidence of more pathologies and variations in morphology. These results suggest that darters can metabolically adjust to effluent-contaminated water and may also be adapting to the urban and agricultural inputs. The modification and damage to the gills provide a useful water quality indicator but does not necessarily reflect how well acclimated the species is to the environment due to a lack of evidence of poor fish health.
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Briaudeau T, Zorita I, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. Biological responses and toxicopathic effects elicited in Solea senegalensis juveniles on exposure to contaminated sediments under laboratory conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:138849. [PMID: 32408203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whole-sediment toxicity assays contribute to elucidating the intricate association between the presence of contaminants in sediments and their toxicopathic effects in benthic fish. In the present study, Solea senegalensis juveniles were exposed under laboratory conditions to contaminated whole-sediments for 7 and 28 days. Sediments were obtained from a low to moderately polluted estuary, a highly polluted harbour and from the mixture of both field-collected sediments. Biometry data were recorded. Liver, brain, gills, and gonads were dissected out and processed to determine markers of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and lysosomal biomarkers, and histopathology. Analyses of sediment granulometry and chemical profiles indicated different degrees of toxicity and suggested a distinct release of pollutants from each sediment in relation with their physicochemical properties. Interestingly, biological responses were in agreement with contaminant levels reported in source sediments. The most distinct toxicopathic effects were detected upon exposure to the harbour's sediment and particularly on day 28. Overall, enhanced hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity and lysosomal enlargement were detected in all experimental groups, demonstrating a toxic effect from all sediments whilst catalase inhibition, lysosomal membrane destabilisation, changes in lysosomal content and liver histopathology were most pronounced in soles exposed to the harbour's sediment. The Integrative Biomarker Response index (IBR/n) evidenced that exposure to the three sediments caused an impact of diverse magnitude in sole health (IBR/nHarbour > IBR/nMixture > IBR/nEstuary). The magnitude of biological responses essentially depended on the presence of contaminants in source sediments, which seemed to be altered by the conditions imposed by whole-sediment toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifanie Briaudeau
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Izaskun Zorita
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia-Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
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McArley TJ, Hickey AJR, Herbert NA. Acute high temperature exposure impairs hypoxia tolerance in an intertidal fish. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231091. [PMID: 32240240 PMCID: PMC7117701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute heat shock has previously been shown to improve subsequent low O2 (hypoxia) tolerance in an intertidal fish species, a process known as cross-tolerance, but it is not known whether this is a widespread phenomenon. This study examined whether a rock pool specialist, the triplefin fish Bellapiscis medius, exhibits heat shock induced cross-tolerance to hypoxia, i.e., longer time to loss of equilibrium (LOE) and lower critical O2 saturation (Scrit) after recovering from an acute heat challenge. Non-heat shock controls had a median time to loss of equilibrium (LOE50) of 54.4 min under severe hypoxia (7% of air saturation) and a Scrit of 15.8% air saturation. Contrary to expectations, however, treatments that received an 8 or 10°C heat shock showed a significantly shorter LOE50 in hypoxia (+8°C = 41.5 min; +10°C = 28.7 min) and no significant change in Scrit (+8°C = 17.0% air saturation; +10°C = 18.3% of air saturation). Thus, there was no evidence of heat shock induced cross-tolerance to hypoxia in B. medius because exposure to acute heat shock impaired hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J. McArley
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Neill A. Herbert
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
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Leris I, Kalogianni E, Tsangaris C, Smeti E, Laschou S, Anastasopoulou E, Vardakas L, Kapakos Y, Skoulikidis NT. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity bioassays of Olive Mill Wastewater on the Eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:48-57. [PMID: 30884344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil production generates large volumes of wastewaters mostly in peri-Mediterranean countries with adverse impacts on the biota of the receiving aquatic systems. Few studies have however documented its toxicity on aquatic species, with an almost total lack of relative studies on fish. We assessed the acute and sub-chronic OMW toxicity, as well as the acute and sub-chronic behavioural, morphological and biochemical effects of OMW exposure on the mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki. LC50 values of the acute bioassays ranged from 7.31% (24 h) to 6.38% (96 h). Behavioural symptoms of toxicity included hypoactivity and a shift away from the water surface, coupled with a range of morphological alterations, such as skin damage, excessive mucus secretion, hemorrhages, fin rot and exophhalmia, with indications also of gill swelling and anemia. Biochemical assays showed that OMW toxicity resulted in induction of catalase (CAT) and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. The implications of our results at the level of environmental policy for the sustainable management of the olive mill industry, i.e. the effective restriction of untreated OMW disposal of in adjacent waterways, as well as the implementation of new technologies that reduce their impact (detoxification and/or revalorization of its residues) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Leris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Eleni Kalogianni
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece.
| | - Catherine Tsangaris
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Evangelia Smeti
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Evangelia Anastasopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Leonidas Vardakas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Yiannis Kapakos
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Anavissos, 19013 Attica, Greece
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Affandi FA, Ishak MY. Impacts of suspended sediment and metal pollution from mining activities on riverine fish population-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16939-16951. [PMID: 31028621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities are responsible for the elevated input levels of suspended sediment and hazardous metals into the riverine ecosystem. These have been shown to threaten the riverine fish populations and can even lead to localized population extinction. To date, research on the effects of mining activities on fish has been focused within metal contamination and bioaccumulation and its threat to human consumption, neglecting the effects of suspended sediment. This paper reviews the effects of suspended sediment and metal pollution on riverine ecosystem and fish population by examining the possibilities of genetic changes and population extinction. In addition, possible assessments and studies of the riverine fish population are discussed to cope with the risks from mining activities and fish population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Ahmad Affandi
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusoff Ishak
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Intertidal triplefin fishes have a lower critical oxygen tension (Pcrit), higher maximal aerobic capacity, and higher tissue glycogen stores than their subtidal counterparts. J Comp Physiol B 2019; 189:399-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-019-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Hess S, Prescott LJ, Hoey AS, McMahon SA, Wenger AS, Rummer JL. Species-specific impacts of suspended sediments on gill structure and function in coral reef fishes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1279. [PMID: 29093217 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced water quality, in particular increases in suspended sediments, has been linked to declines in fish abundance on coral reefs. Changes in gill structure induced by suspended sediments have been hypothesized to impair gill function and may provide a mechanistic basis for the observed declines; yet, evidence for this is lacking. We exposed juveniles of three reef fish species (Amphiprion melanopus, Amphiprion percula and Acanthochromis polyacanthus) to suspended sediments (0-180 mg l-1) for 7 days and examined changes in gill structure and metabolic performance (i.e. oxygen consumption). Exposure to suspended sediments led to shorter gill lamellae in A. melanopus and A. polyacanthus and reduced oxygen diffusion distances in all three species. While A. melanopus exhibited impaired oxygen uptake after suspended sediment exposure, i.e. decreased maximum and increased resting oxygen consumption rates resulting in decreased aerobic scope, the oxygen consumption rates of the other two species remained unaffected. These findings imply that species sensitive to changes in gill structure such as A. melanopus may decline in abundance as reefs become more turbid, whereas species that are able to maintain metabolic performance despite suspended sediment exposure, such as A. polyacanthus or A. percula, may be able to persist or gain a competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Hess
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia .,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Leteisha J Prescott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon A McMahon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia S Wenger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
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Herbert NA, Bröhl S, Springer K, Kunzmann A. Clownfish in hypoxic anemones replenish host O 2 at only localised scales. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6547. [PMID: 28747629 PMCID: PMC5529556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The clownfish-anemone association exemplifies a symbiosis where both members benefit from nutrient exchange and protection from predators. Clownfish also perform aeration-like behaviour in their host anemones at night, but it is not yet known whether this is stimulated by the onset of hypoxia, and whether both members benefit from O2 replenishment. Oxygen at 3 distances above the sea anemone Entacmaea quadricolor (0.2, 1.2 and 2.2 cm) therefore was measured under 3 light levels (photon flux density = 0, 55 and 110 µmol m−2 s−1), with and without the anemonefish Amphiprion frenatus. Hypoxia (O2 < 50% air saturation) was recorded in the anemone, but only at 0.2 cm away from the anemone surface under dark conditions when A. frenatus was absent. This localised layer of hypoxia was eliminated by the presence of A. frenatus exhibiting aeration-like behaviour. Respirometry revealed that A. frenatus is extremely hypoxia tolerant (Scrit = 14.3% at 25 °C), suggesting that aeration behaviour does not provide a major metabolic advantage to clownfish because they do not breathe water at 0.2 cm and are not metabolically constrained by O2 at distances ≥ 1.2 cm. That the aeration behaviour of A. frenatus facilitates only the metabolism of its O2-conforming host reveals a unique aspect of this symbiotic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Herbert
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth, 0941, New Zealand.
| | - S Bröhl
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - K Springer
- Marine Botany BreMarE, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr.1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Kunzmann
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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