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Shi XY, Orr M, Luo A, Wang MQ, Guo P, Zhou QS, Niu Z, Qiao H, Zou Y, Zhu CD. Optimizing low-cost sampling of pollinator insects in oilseed rape fields. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are key pollinators to ecosystem function, but much work remains to determine the most cost-effective, reliable scheme to monitor them. Pan traps (PT) and flight interception traps (FIT) are two of the most popular insect sampling methods used. However, their relative sampling performance and cost is poorly known for agroecosystems in China. We conducted a study across 18 oilseed rape fields in smallholder farmland in Zhejiang, China using these two traps. Our results showed that a single FIT had a greater sampling efficiency (more individuals and higher species richness) than a single PT, but controlling for cost, four PTs (the cost for four PTs is close to one FIT) showed a greater sampling efficiency than FITs. PTs collected more small-bodied individuals while FITs and PTs did not significantly differ in terms of monitoring pollinator insects with large body size. When exploring whether semi-natural habitat embedded in the agricultural landscape affected these results, results from both trap types shows that semi-natural habitat had a significant positive impact on wild pollinator diversity and rarefied species richness. Future studies that examine the effects of agricultural landscape on the wild pollinator community should combine PTs with netting or other active methods for long-term wild pollinator monitoring strategies.
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Johnson SA, Jackson HM, Noth H, M'Gonigle LK. Positive impact of postfire environment on bumble bees not explained by habitat variables in a remote forested ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9743. [PMID: 36713490 PMCID: PMC9873587 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bumble bees are important pollinators in temperate forested regions where fire is a driving force for habitat change, and thus understanding how these insects respond to fire is critical. Previous work has shown bees are often positively affected by the postfire environment, with burned sites supporting greater bee abundance and diversity, and increased floral resources. The extent to which fire impacts variation in bumblebee site occupancy is not well-understood, especially in higher latitude regions with dense, primarily coniferous forests. Occupancy models are powerful tools for biodiversity analyses, as they separately estimate occupancy probability (likelihood that a species is present at a particular location) and detection probability (likelihood of observing a species when it is present). Using these models, we tested whether bumblebee site occupancy is higher in burned locations as a result of the increase in canopy openness, floral species richness, and floral abundance. We quantified the impact of fire, and associated habitat changes, on bumblebee species' occupancy in an area with high wildfire frequency in British Columbia, Canada. The burn status of a site was the only significant predictor for determining bumblebee occurrence (with burned sites having higher occupancy); floral resource availability and canopy openness only impacted detection probability (roughly, sample bias). These findings highlight the importance of controlling for the influence of habitat on species detection in pollinator studies and suggest that fire in this system changes the habitat for bumble bees in positive ways that extend beyond our measurements of differences in floral resources and canopy cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Johnson
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hanna M. Jackson
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Leithen K. M'Gonigle
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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3
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Barrett M, Fischer B, Buchmann S. Informing policy and practice on insect pollinator declines: Tensions between conservation and animal welfare. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1071251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, agricultural intensification, and other anthropogenic ecosystem challenges have caused declines in the diversity and abundance of insect pollinators. In response to these declines, entomologists have called for greater attention to insect pollinator conservation. Conservation primarily aims to protect groups of non-human animals—populations or species—with only secondary concern for the welfare of individual animals. While conservation and animal welfare goals are sometimes aligned, they often are not. And because animal welfare comes second, it tends to be sacrificed when in tension with conversation priorities. Consider, for example, lethal sampling to monitor many pollinator populations. Growing evidence suggests that the welfare of individual insect pollinators may be morally significant, particularly in the Hymenoptera and Diptera. Considering insect welfare in conservation practices and policies presents many challenges as, in the face of rapid, anthropogenic change, it may be impossible to avoid harming individual animals while promoting diverse populations. We suggest some practical, implementable strategies that can allow for more robust integration of animal welfare goals into insect pollinator conservation. By following these strategies, entomologists may be able to find policies and practices that promote the health of ecosystems and the individual animals within them.
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Turley NE, Biddinger DJ, Joshi NK, López‐Uribe MM. Six years of wild bee monitoring shows changes in biodiversity within and across years and declines in abundance. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9190. [PMID: 35983174 PMCID: PMC9374588 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bees form diverse communities that pollinate plants in both native and agricultural ecosystems making them both ecologically and economically important. The growing evidence of bee declines has sparked increased interest in monitoring bee community and population dynamics using standardized methods. Here, we studied the dynamics of bee biodiversity within and across years by monitoring wild bees adjacent to four apple orchard locations in Southern Pennsylvania, USA. We collected bees using passive Blue Vane traps continuously from April to October for 6 years (2014-2019) amassing over 26,000 bees representing 144 species. We quantified total abundance, richness, diversity, composition, and phylogenetic structure. There were large seasonal changes in all measures of biodiversity with month explaining an average of 72% of the variation in our models. Changes over time were less dramatic with years explaining an average of 44% of the variation in biodiversity metrics. We found declines in all measures of biodiversity especially in the last 3 years, though additional years of sampling are needed to say if changes over time are part of a larger trend. Analyses of population dynamics over time for the 40 most abundant species indicate that about one third of species showed at least some evidence for declines in abundance. Bee family explained variation in species-level seasonal patterns but we found no consistent family-level patterns in declines, though bumble bees and sweat bees were groups that declined the most. Overall, our results show that season-wide standardized sampling across multiple years can reveal nuanced patterns in bee biodiversity, phenological patterns of bees, and population trends over time of many co-occurring species. These datasets could be used to quantify the relative effects that different aspects of environmental change have on bee communities and to help identify species of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash E. Turley
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator ResearchThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - David J. Biddinger
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Neelendra K. Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA
| | - Margarita M. López‐Uribe
- Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator ResearchThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in EcologyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvaniaUSA
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5
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Acharya RS, Burke JM, Leslie T, Loftin K, Joshi NK. Wild bees respond differently to sampling traps with vanes of different colors and light reflectivity in a livestock pasture ecosystem. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9783. [PMID: 35697722 PMCID: PMC9192518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild bees are important pollinators and monitoring their abundance and diversity is necessary to develop conservation protocols. It is imperative to understand differences in sampling efficiency among different trap types to help guide monitoring efforts. This study used a new vane trap design to collect bees in a livestock pasture ecosystem and examined the impact of six different vane colors on wild bee sampling. We recorded 2230 bees comprising 49 species and five families. The most abundant species were Augochlorella aurata (25.8%), Lasioglossum disparile (18.3%), Lasioglossum imitatum (10.85%), Agapostemon texanus (10.8%), Melissodes vernoniae (9.9%) and Halictus ligatus (4.7%). Traps with bright blue vanes captured the greatest number and diversity of bees as compared to traps with bright yellow, dark blue, dark yellow, and purple vanes. Red vanes had the lowest captures rates of individuals and species. Different colors were associated with different bee species arrays and only nine species were found in all vane color types. Vanes with higher light reflectance properties (within 400-600 nm range) attracted the greatest number of bees. These results show that different light wavelengths and reflectivity of vane traps influence bee capture rates, and such findings can help optimize bee sampling methods in different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani S Acharya
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Joan M Burke
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Booneville, AR, 72927, USA
| | - Timothy Leslie
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Kelly Loftin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Neelendra K Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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6
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Montero‐Castaño A, Koch JBU, Lindsay TT, Love B, Mola JM, Newman K, Sharkey JK. Pursuing best practices for minimizing wild bee captures to support biological research. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Berenguer Uhuad Koch
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Pollinating Insect‐Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit Logan Utah USA
| | - Thuy‐Tien Thai Lindsay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Pollinating Insect‐Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit Logan Utah USA
| | - Byron Love
- U.S. Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Pollinating Insect‐Biology, Management, and Systematics Research Unit Logan Utah USA
| | - John M. Mola
- U.S. Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Kiera Newman
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Janean K. Sharkey
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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7
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Hall MA, Stavert JR, Saunders ME, Barr S, Haberle SG, Rader R. Pollen-insect interaction meta-networks identify key relationships for conservation in mosaic agricultural landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2537. [PMID: 35038208 PMCID: PMC9285751 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flower visitors use different parts of the landscape through the plants they visit, however these connections vary within and among land uses. Identifying which flower-visiting insects are carrying pollen, and from where in the landscape, can elucidate key pollen-insect interactions and identify the most important sites for maintaining community-level interactions across land uses. We developed a bipartite meta-network, linking pollen-insect interactions with the sites they occur in. We used this to identify which land-use types at the site- and landscape-scale (within 500 m of a site) are most important for conserving pollen-insect interactions. We compared pollen-insect interactions across four different land uses (remnant native forest, avocado orchard, dairy farm, rotational potato crop) within a mosaic agricultural landscape. We sampled insects using flight intercept traps, identified pollen carried on their bodies and quantified distinct pollen-insect interactions that were highly specialized to both natural and modified land uses. We found that sites in crops and dairy farms had higher richness of pollen-insect interactions and higher interaction strength than small forest patches and orchards. Further, many interactions involved pollinator groups such as flies, wasps, and beetles that are often under-represented in pollen-insect network studies, but were often connector species in our networks. These insect groups require greater attention to enable wholistic pollinator community conservation. Pollen samples were dominated by grass (Poaceae) pollen, indicating anemophilous plant species may provide important food resources for pollinators, particularly in modified land uses. Field-scale land use (within 100 m of a site) better predicted pollen-insect interaction richness, uniqueness, and strength than landscape-scale. Thus, management focused at smaller scales may provide more tractable outcomes for conserving or restoring pollen-insect interactions in modified landscapes. For instance, actions aimed at linking high-richness sites with those containing unique (i.e., rare) interactions by enhancing floral corridors along field boundaries and between different land uses may best aid interaction diversity and connectance. The ability to map interactions across sites using a meta-network approach is practical and can inform land-use planning, whereby conservation efforts can be targeted toward areas that host key interactions between plant and pollinator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Hall
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
- Hawksbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jamie R. Stavert
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Conservation – Te Papa AtawhaiAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Manu E. Saunders
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shannon Barr
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon G. Haberle
- School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the PacificAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, ANU College of Asia and the PacificAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
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8
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The contribution of canopy samples to assessments of forestry effects on native bees. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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9
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Crone MK, Biddinger DJ, Grozinger CM. Wild Bee Nutritional Ecology: Integrative Strategies to Assess Foraging Preferences and Nutritional Requirements. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.847003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees depend on flowering plants for their nutrition, and reduced availability of floral resources is a major driver of declines in both managed and wild bee populations. Understanding the nutritional needs of different bee species, and how these needs are met by the varying nutritional resources provided by different flowering plant taxa, can greatly inform land management recommendations to support bee populations and their associated ecosystem services. However, most bee nutrition research has focused on the three most commonly managed and commercially reared bee taxa—honey bees, bumble bees, and mason bees—with fewer studies focused on wild bees and other managed species, such as leafcutting bees, stingless bees, and alkali bees. Thus, we have limited information about the nutritional requirements and foraging preferences of the vast majority of bee species. Here, we discuss the approaches traditionally used to understand bee nutritional ecology: identification of floral visitors of selected focal plant species, evaluation of the foraging preferences of adults in selected focal bee species, evaluation of the nutritional requirements of focal bee species (larvae or adults) in controlled settings, and examine how these methods may be adapted to study a wider range of bee species. We also highlight emerging technologies that have the potential to greatly facilitate studies of the nutritional ecology of wild bee species, as well as evaluate bee nutritional ecology at significantly larger spatio-temporal scales than were previously feasible. While the focus of this review is on bee species, many of these techniques can be applied to other pollinator taxa as well.
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10
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Cecala JM, Wilson Rankin EE. Diversity and turnover of wild bee and ornamental plant assemblages in commercial plant nurseries. Oecologia 2022; 198:773-783. [PMID: 35201380 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In human-modified landscapes, understanding how habitat characteristics influence the diversity and composition of beneficial organisms is critical to conservation efforts and modeling ecosystem services. Assessing turnover, or the magnitude of change in species composition across sites or through time, is crucial to said efforts, yet is often overlooked. For pollinators such as wild bees, variables influencing temporal turnover, particularly across seasons within a year, remain poorly understood. To investigate how local and landscape characteristics correlate with bee diversity and turnover across seasons, we recorded wild bee and flowering ornamental plant assemblages at 13 plant nurseries in California between spring and autumn over 2 years. Nurseries cultivate a broad diversity of flowering plant species that differ widely across sites and seasons, providing an opportunity to test for correlations between turnover and diversity of plants and bees. As expected, we documented strong seasonal trends in wild bee diversity and composition. We found that local habitat factors, such as increased cultivation of native plants, were positively associated with bee diversity in sweep netting collections, whereas we detected moderate influences of landscape level factors such as proportion of surrounding natural area in passive trap collections. We also detected a moderate positive correlation between the magnitude of turnover in plant species and that of bee species (as number of taxa gained) across consecutive seasons. Our results have implications for the conservation of wild bees in ornamental plant landscapes, and highlight the utility of plant nurseries for investigating hypotheses related to diversity and turnover in plant-pollinator systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Cecala
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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11
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Bruninga‐Socolar B, Griffin SR, Portman ZM, Gibbs J. Variation in prescribed fire and bison grazing supports multiple bee nesting groups in tallgrass prairie. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean R. Griffin
- Department of Integrative Biology Michigan State University East Lansing MI U.S.A
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners MI U.S.A
| | | | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
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12
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McCullough CT, Angelella GM, O'Rourke ME. Landscape Context Influences the Bee Conservation Value of Wildflower Plantings. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:821-831. [PMID: 33899083 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollination provided by bees is a critical ecosystem service for agricultural production. However, bee populations are at risk from stressors such as habitat loss, pesticides, and disease. On-farm wildflower plantings is one mitigation strategy to provide habitat and resources for bees. In many instances, government programs can subsidize the installation of these plantings for private landowners. Semi-natural habitat (SNH) in the landscape is also important for bee conservation and may alter the effectiveness of wildflower plantings. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of wildflower plantings and interactions with SNH in the landscape for promoting bee abundance and richness. Bee surveys were conducted over 2 yr at 22 sites in eastern Virginia and Maryland. Wildflower plantings, averaging 0.22 ha in size, were installed and maintained by cooperators at 10 of the sites. In total, 5,122 bees were identified from 85 species. Wildflower plantings did not alter bee communities independently, but bee abundance was greater on farms with plantings and 20-30% SNH in the landscape. Bee abundance and richness had nonlinear responses to increasing SNH in the landscape. The positive effects for richness and abundance peaked when SNH was approximately 40% of the landscape. Similar to predictions of the intermediate-landscape complexity hypothesis, increases in bee abundance at wildflower sites were only detected in simplified landscapes. Results indicate that small wildflower plantings in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. only provided conservation benefits to bee communities under specific circumstances on the scale studied, and that conserving SNH across the landscape may be a more important strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina M Angelella
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA,USA
| | - Megan E O'Rourke
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA,USA
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13
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McDougall R, DiPaola A, Blaauw B, Nielsen AL. Managing orchard groundcover to reduce pollinator foraging post-bloom. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3554-3560. [PMID: 33840155 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agricultural insecticides are believed to play a role in global pollinator decline. In mass-flowering orchard crops, recommendations to reduce exposure of pollinators to insecticides include spraying at periods when bees aren't foraging, such as dusk and dawn and outside of crop flowering times. However, the presence of flowering weeds within orchards mean pollinators may still be found foraging throughout the growing season, increasing the likelihood that exposure will still occur. We hypothesized that removing these weeds within orchard groundcover may reduce pollinator foraging post-bloom and thus reduce exposure of this group to pesticides. We tested this hypothesis by using herbicide to remove flowering broadleaf weeds in the sod middles ('groundcover') between rows of a nectarine orchard in New Jersey, USA, and assessing the effect on pollinator visitation via three different methods. RESULTS Significantly lower abundance, richness, diversity, and evenness of pollinators were found in plots where herbicide treatment had removed the majority of flowering weeds, compared to untreated plots. This was the case for bees, and for pollinators overall, and was reflected in both visual observations and active sampling through sweep netting. Passive sampling with blue vane traps failed to detect a difference between treatments. CONCLUSION Groundcover management in orchards is often employed as part of integrated pest management programs to remove alternative host plants of insect pests. The findings of this study show that it is also effective in reducing post-bloom pollinator foraging in orchards, thus potentially preventing exposure of these beneficial organisms to harmful insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McDougall
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ, USA
| | - Anna DiPaola
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brett Blaauw
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Anne L Nielsen
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ, USA
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14
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Prendergast KS, Hogendoorn K. FORUM: Methodological shortcomings and lack of taxonomic effort beleaguer Australian bee studies. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit S. Prendergast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth, Bentley Western Australia6845Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia5005Australia
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15
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Prendergast KS, Hogendoorn K. FORUM: Methodological shortcomings and lack of taxonomic effort beleaguer Australian bee studies. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit S. Prendergast
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth, Bentley Western Australia6845Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia5005Australia
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16
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Nooten SS, Odanaka KA, Rehan SM. Effects of Farmland and Seasonal Phenology on Wild Bees in Blueberry Orchards. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2020. [DOI: 10.1656/045.027.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine S. Nooten
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Biological Science, Durham, NH 03824
| | | | - Sandra M. Rehan
- University of New Hampshire, Department of Biological Science, Durham, NH 03824
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17
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Bolliger J, Collet M, Hohl M, Obrist MK. Automated flight-interception traps for interval sampling of insects. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229476. [PMID: 32649703 PMCID: PMC7351151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent debates on insect decline require sound assessments on the relative drivers that may negatively impact insect populations. Often, baseline data rely on insect monitorings that integrate catches over long time periods. If, however, effects of time-critical environmental factors (e.g., light pollution) are of interest, higher temporal resolution of insect data is required during very specific time intervals (e.g., between dusk and dawn). Conventional time-critical insect trapping is labour-intensive (manual activation/deactivation) and temporally inaccurate as not all traps can be serviced synchronically at different sites. Also, temporal shifts of environmental conditions (e.g., sunset/sunrise) are not accounted for. We present a battery-driven automated insect flight-interception trap which samples insects during seven user-defined time intervals. A commercially available flight-interception trap is fitted to a turntable containing eight positions, seven of them holding cups and one consisting of a pass-through hole. While the cups sample insects during period of interest, the pass-through hole avoids unwanted sampling during time-intervals not of interest. Comparisons between two manual and two automated traps during 71 nights in 2018 showed no difference in caught insects. A study using 20 automated traps during 104 nights in 2019 proved that the automated flight-interception traps are reliable. The automated trap opens new research and application possibilities as arbitrary insect-sampling intervals can be defined. The trap proves efficient, saving manpower and associated costs as activation/deactivation is required only every seven sampling intervals. In addition, the timing of the traps is accurate, as all traps sample at exactly the same intervals and ensure comparability. The automated trap is low maintenance and robust due to straightforward technical design. It can be controlled manually or via smartphone through a Bluetooth connection. Full construction details are given in Appendices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Bolliger
- WSL, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marco Collet
- WSL, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hohl
- WSL, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland
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Cunningham-Minnick MJ, Peters VE, Crist TO. Bee communities and pollination services in adjacent crop fields following flower removal in an invasive forest shrub. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02078. [PMID: 31971650 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The habitat boundaries between crops and seminatural areas influence bee movements and pollination services to crops. Edges also provide favorable conditions for invasive plants, which may usurp pollinators and reduce visitation to native or crop plants. Alternatively, floral displays of alien plants may facilitate, or increase, the pollination success of adjacent plants by attracting more pollinators to the area. Therefore, pollination services of bees from seminatural habitats to crop areas should vary with the presence of invasive floral resources and distance from habitat edges. To test the hypothesis that floral resources of invasive forest shrubs affect the bee community and pollination services in adjacent crop fields, we conducted a 2-yr field experiment along forest-crop edges at five isolated forest remnants. We removed flower buds from a dominant invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle), along forest-crop edges and paired removals with controls of intact flowers. The bee community, their pollination services, and flower visitation rates were quantified along a 200-m gradient into an adjacent crop field using pan traps and sentinel cucumber plants. Impacts to the bee community were dependent of bee functional traits. Larger bees visited fewer sentinel cucumber flowers in flower removal plots, which corresponded with decreased cucumber pollination compared to plots with honeysuckle flowers at distances >100 m from forest edges. Small-bodied and weaker flying bees visited sentinel plants more frequently closer to the forest edge and increased pollination services to cucumber at distances <100 m from L. maackii shrubs in flower removal plots. After 2 yr, bee abundance and species richness increased within flower removal plots across all distances. High functional diversity of the bee community increased pollination services to sentinel plants and increased cucumber production within 200 m from forest remnants. Our findings suggest that dense floral resources of invasive shrubs suppressed forest-edge bee communities and their pollination services, but also attracted large-bodied generalist bees, which were effective pollinators. This study helps explain how life histories and functional attributes of bees can predict either facilitation or suppression of pollination services to crop or native plants in response to invasive floral resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerie E Peters
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, 700 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University, 3238 Science, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, Kentucky, 40475, USA
| | - Thomas O Crist
- Department of Biology, Miami University, 212 Pearson Hall, 700 East High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
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19
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Floral resources of an invasive shrub alter native bee communities at different vertical strata in forest-edge habitat. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Nicholson CC, Ward KL, Williams NM, Isaacs R, Mason KS, Wilson JK, Brokaw J, Gut LJ, Rothwell NL, Wood TJ, Rao S, Hoffman GD, Gibbs J, Thorp RW, Ricketts TH. Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement. Ecol Lett 2019; 23:326-335. [PMID: 31797535 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Supporting ecosystem services and conserving biodiversity may be compatible goals, but there is concern that service-focused interventions mostly benefit a few common species. We use a spatially replicated, multiyear experiment in four agricultural settings to test if enhancing habitat adjacent to crops increases wild bee diversity and abundance on and off crops. We found that enhanced field edges harbored more taxonomically and functionally abundant, diverse, and compositionally different bee communities compared to control edges. Enhancements did not increase the abundance or diversity of bees visiting crops, indicating that the supply of pollination services was unchanged following enhancement. We find that actions to promote crop pollination improve multiple dimensions of biodiversity, underscoring their conservation value, but these benefits may not be spilling over to crops. More work is needed to identify the conditions that promote effective co-management of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie C Nicholson
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA.,Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA.,Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Kimiora L Ward
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA.,Institute for Applied Ecology, Santa Fe, 87505, NM, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Keith S Mason
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.,Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Julianna K Wilson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Julia Brokaw
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Larry J Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Nikki L Rothwell
- Northwest Michigan Horticultural Research Center, Traverse City, 49684, MI, USA
| | - Thomas J Wood
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA.,Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Sujaya Rao
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, 55455, MN, USA.,Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA
| | - George D Hoffman
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 97331, OR, USA
| | - Jason Gibbs
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, MB, Canada
| | - Robbin W Thorp
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, 95616, CA, USA
| | - Taylor H Ricketts
- Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA.,Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, 05405, VT, USA
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21
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Heller S, Joshi NK, Leslie T, Rajotte EG, Biddinger DJ. Diversified Floral Resource Plantings Support Bee Communities after Apple Bloom in Commercial Orchards. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17232. [PMID: 31754173 PMCID: PMC6872784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural habitats, comprised of various flowering plant species, provide food and nesting resources for pollinator species and other beneficial arthropods. Loss of such habitats in agricultural regions and in other human-modified landscapes could be a factor in recent bee declines. Artificially established floral plantings may offset these losses. A multi-year, season-long field study was conducted to examine how wildflower plantings near commercial apple orchards influenced bee communities. We examined bee abundance, species richness, diversity, and species assemblages in both the floral plantings and adjoining apple orchards. We also examined bee community subsets, such as known tree fruit pollinators, rare pollinator species, and bees collected during apple bloom. During this study, a total of 138 species of bees were collected, which included 100 species in the floral plantings and 116 species in the apple orchards. Abundance of rare bee species was not significantly different between apple orchards and the floral plantings. During apple bloom, the known tree fruit pollinators were more frequently captured in the orchards than the floral plantings. However, after apple bloom, the abundance of known tree fruit pollinating bees increased significantly in the floral plantings, indicating potential for floral plantings to provide additional food and nesting resources when apple flowers are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Heller
- Fruit Research & Extension Center, Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 290 University Dr, Biglerville, 17307, PA, USA.,Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.,USDA APHIS PPQ Otis Laboratory, 1398 West Truck Road, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, 02542, USA
| | - Neelendra K Joshi
- Fruit Research & Extension Center, Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 290 University Dr, Biglerville, 17307, PA, USA. .,Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA. .,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 217 Plant Sciences Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.
| | - Timothy Leslie
- Department of Biology, Long Island University, 1 University Plaza, Brooklyn, New York, 11201, USA
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
| | - David J Biddinger
- Fruit Research & Extension Center, Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 290 University Dr, Biglerville, 17307, PA, USA. .,Department of Entomology, 501 ASI Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
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22
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O'Connor RS, Kunin WE, Garratt MPD, Potts SG, Roy HE, Andrews C, Jones CM, Peyton JM, Savage J, Harvey MC, Morris RKA, Roberts SPM, Wright I, Vanbergen AJ, Carvell C. Monitoring insect pollinators and flower visitation: The effectiveness and feasibility of different survey methods. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rory S. O'Connor
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | | | - Michael P. D. Garratt
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | | | | | - Catherine M. Jones
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK
- Buglife – The Invertebrate Conservation Trust Peterborough UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental Research School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Reading UK
| | | | - Adam J. Vanbergen
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Penicuik UK
- AgroécologieAgroSup DijonINRAUniv. Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
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23
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Jamieson MA, Carper AL, Wilson CJ, Scott VL, Gibbs J. Geographic Biases in Bee Research Limits Understanding of Species Distribution and Response to Anthropogenic Disturbance. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Main AR, Webb EB, Goyne KW, Mengel D. Field-level characteristics influence wild bee functional guilds on public lands managed for conservation. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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25
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McCravy KW. A Review of Sampling and Monitoring Methods for Beneficial Arthropods in Agroecosystems. INSECTS 2018; 9:E170. [PMID: 30477100 PMCID: PMC6315443 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial arthropods provide many important ecosystem services. In agroecosystems, pollination and control of crop pests provide benefits worth billions of dollars annually. Effective sampling and monitoring of these beneficial arthropods is essential for ensuring their short- and long-term viability and effectiveness. There are numerous methods available for sampling beneficial arthropods in a variety of habitats, and these methods can vary in efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper I review active and passive sampling methods for non-Apis bees and arthropod natural enemies of agricultural pests, including methods for sampling flying insects, arthropods on vegetation and in soil and litter environments, and estimation of predation and parasitism rates. Sample sizes, lethal sampling, and the potential usefulness of bycatch are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W McCravy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, Macomb, IL 61455, USA.
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26
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Selfridge JA, Frye CT, Gibbs J, Jean RP. The Bee Fauna of Inland Sand Dune and Ridge Woodland Communities in Worcester County, Maryland. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2017. [DOI: 10.1656/045.024.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Selfridge
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Natural Heritage Program, 909 Wye Mills Road, Wye Mills, MD 21601
| | - Christopher T. Frye
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Natural Heritage Program, 909 Wye Mills Road, Wye Mills, MD 21601
| | - Jason Gibbs
- University of Manitoba, Department of Entomology, Wallis Roughley Museum of Entomology, 214 Animal Science/ Entomology Building, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Robert P. Jean
- Environmental Solutions & Innovations, Inc., 1811 Executive Drive, Suites C–D, Indianapolis, IN 46241
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